Advanced Engine Technologies for meeting Fuel Economy · PDF file1 Stefano Caprio GMPT-E...
Transcript of Advanced Engine Technologies for meeting Fuel Economy · PDF file1 Stefano Caprio GMPT-E...
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Stefano CaprioGMPT-E Global Chief Engineer 1.3 & 1.0 SDE
Advanced EngineTechnologies
for meeting FuelEconomy and
PollutionChallenges
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The ChallengeThe Challenge
To satisfy mobility needs of ourgeneration
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The ChallengeThe Challenge
ENERGY SOURCES WATER AIR ENVIRONMENT
Preserving the resources to satisfythe needs of future generations
Emissions
Fuel Economy
Performances
SustainableMobility
How to Deploy the dilemma whenspeaking about engines for Vehicles
CHINA6.9L/100km in 2015 (37 mpg)5.0L/100km by 2020 (56 mpg)Local taxation
U.S. FEDERAL35.5 mpg in 201654.5 mpg by 2025Gasoline $3-4/gallon
CANADAGreen Levy6.6L/100km (35.5 mpg) in 2016
JAPAN29% CO2
2010 2015
EUROPEAN UNION130gCO2/km in 2015 (43 mpg)95gCO2/km in 2020 (58 mpg)Local CO2 taxation
KOREA140g/km (39.5 mpg)
MEXICO10.8 km/l by 2015
INDIA150 gCO2/km by 2015 (43 mpg)
CALIFORNIA80% CO2 reduction by 2050ZEV, PZEV rules
AUSTRALIA190 gCO2/km in 2015 (43 mpg)155 gCO2/km by 2024
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Outlook for global fuel economyand greenhouse gas requirementsOutlook for global fuel economyand greenhouse gas requirements
CHINA6.9L/100km in 2015 (37 mpg)5.0L/100km by 2020 (56 mpg)Local taxation
U.S. FEDERAL35.5 mpg in 201654.5 mpg by 2025Gasoline $3-4/gallon
CANADAGreen Levy6.6L/100km (35.5 mpg) in 2016
JAPAN29% CO2
2010 2015
EUROPEAN UNION130gCO2/km in 2015 (43 mpg)95gCO2/km in 2020 (58 mpg)Local CO2 taxation
KOREA140g/km (39.5 mpg)
MEXICO10.8 km/l by 2015
INDIA150 gCO2/km by 2015 (43 mpg)
CALIFORNIA80% CO2 reduction by 2050ZEV, PZEV rules
AUSTRALIA190 gCO2/km in 2015 (43 mpg)155 gCO2/km by 2024
g/km CO2 YEAR
Europe 95 2020
China 98 2020
U.S.A. 101 2025
g/km CO2 YEAR
Europe 95 2020
China 98 2020
U.S.A. 101 2025
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Outlook for global fuel economyand greenhouse gas requirementsOutlook for global fuel economyand greenhouse gas requirements
Conversion from the local regulation to CO2 is meant to account for unit conversion, fuel type differences, and differences in the drive cycles
ImproveVehicle
Fuel Economyand
Emissions
DisplacePetroleum
EnergyDiversity
HydrogenFuel Cell-Electric
Vehicles
Battery-ElectricVehicles (including
E-REV)Hybrid-ElectricVehicles (including
Plug-in HEV)IC Engine
and TransmissionImprovements
Petroleum (Conventional and Alternative Sources)Alternative Fuels (Ethanol, Biodiesel, CNG, LPG)
Electricity (Conv. and Alternative Sources)Hydrogen
Time
ADVANCED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGYSTRATEGYADVANCED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGYSTRATEGY
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Chevrolet Cruze Fuel Energy Breakdown(major fuel energy losses typical for combined EPA city and highway driving)Chevrolet Cruze Fuel Energy Breakdown(major fuel energy losses typical for combined EPA city and highway driving)
Tire Rolling Resistance 12%
Engine Mechanical &Pumping Friction 37%
Electrical Loads 3% Aerodynamic Drag 17%
Transmission and Final Drive 18%
Vehicle Mass (kinetic energy dissipatedduring braking) 11%
Driveline and Chassis 2%
Mechanical Energy = Energy into Piston = 38% of Fuel Energy
Exhaust and Coolant Heat Losses = 62% of Fuel EnergyFuel Energy
Mechanical Energy Losses
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Engine Efficiency Optimization – Key AreasEngine Efficiency Optimization – Key Areas
Thermal management
Parasitic loss reduction
Friction reduction
Combustion system evolution
Aftertreatment optimization
Electrification
System Optimization
SI ENGINES - Current state of the art
Cam Phasing, Variable ValveLift, Active Fuel ManagementCam Phasing, Variable ValveLift, Active Fuel Management
Spark IgnitionDirect InjectionSpark IgnitionDirect Injection
Downsized SIDITurbo BoostingDownsized SIDITurbo Boosting Advanced CombustionAdvanced Combustion
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Diesel Particulate FilterDiesel Particulate Filter
PorousCell WallPorous
Cell Wall
NOX AftertreatmentNOX Aftertreatment
OxidationCatalyst
UreaInjection
SCR UreaNOx Catalyst
ParticulateFilter
Cylinder Pressure SensingCylinder Pressure Sensing
FuelInjectors
FuelInjectors
ECU
ECU
EGREGR TurboTurbo CylinderPressureSensor
CylinderPressureSensor
FuelInjectors
ECU
EGR Turbo CylinderPressureSensor
Advanced Boosting withSmall Displacement
Advanced Boosting withSmall Displacement
LP Turbo
HP Turbo
CI ENGINES – Current state of the art
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In a lighter vehicle, asmaller less powerfulpowertrain may be usedThese downsizedpowertrains can stillbenefit from thetechnology improvement
Powertrain solutions only achieve their full potential, if combined with vehicle leveloptimizations such as mass reductions & aerodynamic improvements
System Optimization in the VehicleSystem Optimization in the Vehicle
Maintained PerformanceEnergy Management of the Vehicle System:
Thermal managementActive management of the electrical system
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DOWNSIZED TURBO DIESEL ENGINE IndiaDOWNSIZED TURBO DIESEL ENGINE India
Best fuel consumption in its segment in India
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DOWNSIZED TURBO DIESEL ENGINE - EuropeDOWNSIZED TURBO DIESEL ENGINE - Europe
Thriftiest Opel diesel ever with only 88 g/km CO2The 70 kW/95 hp Corsa 1.3 CDTI ecoFLEX with Start/Stop technology needs just 3.3liters diesel per 100 kmEqual to CO2 value of only 88 g/km
This makes the Corsa 1.3 CDTI ecoFlex the most economical and fuel-efficient dieselmodel Opel has ever built.
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Propulsion System Technology Application MapPropulsion System Technology Application Map
Light Load
Drive Cycle
Dut
yC
ycle
ContinuousStop-and-go
High Load
City HighwayIntra-urban Highway-cycle
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General Motors eASSIST™ TechnologyGeneral Motors eASSIST™ Technology
LaCrosseand Regal
36 Hwy MPG
Malibu ECO37 Hwy MPG
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VOLTEC PROPULSION SYSTEMVOLTEC PROPULSION SYSTEM
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Opel Ampera e Chevrolet Volt EREV(Extended Range Electrical Vehicle)Opel Ampera e Chevrolet Volt EREV(Extended Range Electrical Vehicle)
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ORDINARY DRIVERS6,000
MILES LOGGED>2,500,000
PRODUCTION-INTENTFUEL CELL SYSTEM
WHAT If Battery ImprovementsDon’t Go Far Enough?WHAT If Battery ImprovementsDon’t Go Far Enough?
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The Challenge of a New TechnologyThe Challenge of a New Technology1983: Martin Cooper introducesfirst Motorola MobileDynatac 8000 «The Brick»
2010: Steve Job introducesNew Generation iPhone 4
4000US$ - 1000 g«A portable Desk Phone»
300US$ - 135 g«A Smart Netbookintegrated in a Mobile Case»
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It is also the Challenge of InfrastructureIt is also the Challenge of Infrastructure
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To Make it Sustainable and DiffusedTo Make it Sustainable and Diffused
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ConclusionsConclusions
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SI and CI engine capability continues to convergeSmaller displacements
High pressure, direct fuel injection
Broad application of turbocharging
Advanced combustion processes
Advanced aftertreatment
Reduced friction
Reduced mass
Improved thermal management
Hybrid and Fuel Cell technology continues to mature… but conventional engine technology continues to play a key role