Administrative Agencies and Reorganization

8/11/2019 Administrative Agencies and Reorganization

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Administrative Agencies and Reorganization

Administrative Agencies

Definition

(See Definition of Terms under E.O. 292)

***Q !s "e#u "it$ %overnment an agenc$&A 'es under sec. 2() E.O. 292 Agenc$ of t+e %overnment refers to an$ of t+e various units of t+e%overnment inc,uding a de-artment #ureau office instrumenta,it$ or governmento/ned or contro,,ed

cor-oration or a ,oca, government or a distinct unit t+erein.

***Q Differentiate de-artment from instrumenta,it$.

A 0ot+ are agencies of government #ut occu-$ different -,aces under t+e administrative structure. 1+i,e a

de-artment refers to an eecutive de-artment created #$ ,a/ an instrumenta,it$ is an$ agenc$ of t+e 3ationa,%overnment t+at is not integrated /it+in t+e de-artmenta, frame/or4. T+us a de-artment inc,udes #ureaus

and t+e offices under it /+i,e instrumenta,it$ covers a,, ot+er administrative #odies inc,uding regu,ator$

agencies c+artered institutions and governmento/ned or contro,,ed cor-orations. An instrumenta,it$ isvested /it+ s-ecia, functions or 5urisdiction #$ ,a/ endo/ed /it+ some if not a,, cor-orate -o/ers

administering s-ecia, funds and en5o$ing o-erationa, autonom$ usua,,$ t+roug+ a c+arter.

(3OTA 0E3E !t is ,ega,,$ significant to distinguis+ #et/een t+e t/o for -ur-oses of ascertaining /+o +as-o/er of contro, over a -articu,ar administrative #od$ and in order to determine /+et+er t+e creation

reorganization or a#o,ition of t+e same is va,id,$ done.)

"reation Reorganization and A#o,ition

6O1 A3 A%E3"' !S "REATED

#$ t+e "onstitution

#$ statute

#$ aut+orit$ of ,a/

Sec. of DOT" vs. 7a#a,ot 8: S"RA ;29 (2T=R0 "+airman 7O 9?8@ transferring t+e regiona, functions of t+at office

to DOT""AR Regiona, Office -ending creation of a Regiona, >T=RO. >ater t+e ne/ Sec. of DOT" issued

DO 9;T=R0 to eerciseregiona, functions of t+e >T=R0 in t+e "AR su#5ect to t+e direct su-ervision and contro, of t+e >T=R0

"entra, Office. 7a#a,ot -rotested.

!SSE

1B3 t+e 7O and DO are vio,ative of t+e -rovision of t+e "onstitution against encroac+ment on t+e -o/ers

of t+e ,egis,ative de-artment

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S" u-+e,d t+e va,idit$ of t+e issuance of t+e c+a,,enged orders.

!n t+e a#sence of an$ -atent or ,atent constitutiona, or statutor$ infirmit$ attending t+e issuance of t+e

c+a,,enged orders "ourt u-+o,ds. T+e Cresident t+roug+ +is du,$ constituted -o,itica, agent and a,ter ego

ma$ ,ega,,$ and va,id,$ decree t+e reorganization of t+e De-artment -articu,ar,$ t+e esta#,is+ment of t+eDOT""AR as t+e >T=R0 Regiona, Office of "AR /it+ t+e concomitant transfer and -erformance of -u#,ic

functions and res-onsi#i,ities a--urtenant to a regiona, office of t+e >T=R0.

T+ere are t+ree modes of esta#,is+ing an administrative #od$ (;) "onstitution (2) Statute and (8) #$aut+orit$ of ,a/. T+is case fa,,s under t+e t+ird categor$.

T+e DOT" Secretar$ as a,ter ego of t+e Cresident is aut+orized #$ ,a/ to create and esta#,is+ t+e >T=R0"AR Regiona, Office. T+is is anc+ored on t+e Cresidents -o/er of contro,F under sec. ; Art. G!! ;9:

"onstitution.

0$ definition contro, is t+e -o/er of an officer to a,ter or modif$ or nu,,if$ or set aside /+at a su#ordinate

officer +ad done in t+e -erformance of +is duties and to su#stitute t+e 5udgment of t+e former for t+at of t+e

,atter.F !t inc,udes t+e aut+orit$ to order t+e doing of an act #$ a su#ordinate or to undo suc+ act or to assumea -o/er direct,$ vested in +im #$ ,a/.

nder sec. 2


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1B3 "S" usur-ed ,egis,ative function of "ongress #$ a#o,is+ing t+e "ES0 and transferring its #udget to

O"ES

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"ES0 /as created #$ CD ;. !t cannot #e dis-uted t+erefore t+at as "ES0 /as created #$ ,a/ it can on,$ #e

a#o,is+ed #$ t+e ,egis,ature. 1+i,e "S" +as t+e -o/er to reorganize under Sec. ; "+a-. 8 Su#tit,e A Tit,e

! 04. G. of t+e Administrative "ode of ;9: t+is must #e read /it+ sec. ;? /+ic+ enumerates t+e officesunder t+e contro, of t+e "S". "ES0 is not one of suc+ offices.

"ES0 /as intended to #e an autonomous entit$ a,#eit administrative,$ attac+ed to "S". T+is essentia,

autonomous c+aracter of t+e "ES0 is not negated #$ its attac+ment to res-ondent "ommission. 0$ saidattac+ment "ES0 /as not made to fa,, /it+in t+e contro, of res-ondent "ommission. nder t+e

Administrative "ode of ;9: t+e -ur-ose of attac+ing one functiona,,$ interre,ated government agenc$ to

anot+er is to attain -o,ic$ and -rogram coordination.F

De ,a >,ana vs. A,#a ;;2 S"RA 29 (;9:2)H

T+e issue in t+is case is /+et+er or not 0.C. ;29 An Act Reorganizing t+e Iudiciar$ is unconstitutiona,

considering t+at in t+e time+onored -rinci-,e -rotected and safeguarded #$ t+e constitution t+e 5udiciar$ issu--osed to #e inde-endent from ,egis,ative /i,,. Does t+e reorganization vio,ate t+e securit$ of tenure of

5ustices and 5udges as -rovided for under t+e "onstitution&

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3ot+ing is #etter sett,ed in our ,a/ t+an t+at t+e a#o,ition of an office /it+in t+e com-etence of a ,egitimate#od$ if done in good fait+ suffers from no infirmit$. 1+at is rea,,$ invo,ved in t+is case is not t+e remova, or

se-aration of t+e 5udges and 5ustices from t+eir services. 1+at is im-ortant is t+e va,idit$ of t+e a#o,ition of

t+eir offices.

!t is a /e,,4no/n ru,e t+at va,id a#o,ition of offices is neit+er remova, nor se-aration of t+e incum#ents. Of

course if t+e a#o,ition is void t+e incum#ent is deemed never to +ave ceased to +o,d office. As /e,,sett,ed

as t+e ru,e t+at t+e a#o,ition of an office does not amount to an i,,ega, remova, of its incum#ent is t+e-rinci-,e t+at in order to #e va,id t+e a#o,ition must #e made in good fait+.

Remova, is to #e distinguis+ed from termination #$ virtue of va,id a#o,ition of t+e office. T+ere can #e notenure to a noneistent office. After t+e a#o,ition t+ere is in ,a/ no occu-ant. !n case of remova, t+ere is an

office /it+ an occu-ant /+o /ou,d t+ere#$ ,ose +is -osition. !t is in t+at sense t+at from t+e stand-oint of

strict ,a/ t+e Juestion of an$ im-airment of securit$ of tenure does not arise.

>arin vs. Eecutive Secretar$ 2:< S"RA ;8 (;99)

=A"TS

>arin a Revenue S-ecific Ta Officer under t+e Assistant "ommissioner of t+e 0!R is convicted of crimesof vio,ation of sec. 2?: () 3!R" and sec. 8 (e) RA 8


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issued E.O. ;82 stream,ining t+e 0!R and a#o,is+ing t+e office of t+e S-ecific Ta Service. After/ards

>arin /as found gui,t$ and /as su#seJuent,$ dismissed. 6o/ever in t+e a--ea,ed case S" set aside t+econviction of >arin

!SSE

1B3 >arin /as un,a/fu,,$ removed from office

(;) Does t+e Cresident +ave t+e -o/er to dismiss +im& Reorganize t+e 0!R&(2) 1as reorganization va,id considering t+at t+ere /as no ,a/ enacted #$ "ongress aut+orizing

reorganization #$ t+e Eecutive

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S" +e,d t+at remova, as a resu,t of reorganization /as done in #ad fait+.

Does t+e Cresident +ave t+e -o/er to dismiss +im&

>arin is a -residentia, a--ointee. As suc+ +e comes under t+e direct disci-,ining aut+orit$ of t+e Cresident

for t+e -o/er to remove is in+erent in t+e -o/er to a--oint.F 6o/ever >arin is a career service officer

t+erefore +e en5o$s securit$ of tenure. nder t+e "ivi, Service Decree career service officers and em-,o$ees

/+o en5o$ securit$ of tenure ma$ #e removed on,$ for an$ of t+e causes enumerated in said ,a/. !n ot+er/ords t+e fact t+at t+e -etitioner is a -residentia, a--ointee does not give t+e a--ointing aut+orit$ t+e

,icense to remove +im at /i,, or at +is -,easure for it is an admitted fact t+at +e is ,i4e/ise a career service

officer /+o under t+e ,a/ is t+e reci-ient of tenuria, -rotection t+us ma$ on,$ #e removed for a cause and inaccordance /it+ -rocedura, due -rocess.

1as t+e remova, for a ,ega, cause under a va,id -roceeding&

S" +e,d t+at t+e remova, com-,ied /it+ t+e reJuirements for -rocedura, due -rocess #ut t+at t+e dismissa,

/as not for a va,id cause. T+e #asis used in >arins remova, is t+e crimina, conviction against +im #ut t+is

conviction /as ,ater set aside #$ t+e Su-reme "ourt u-on a--ea,. 1+ere t+e ver$ #asis of t+e administrativecase against -etitioner is +is conviction in t+e crimina, action /+ic+ /as ,ater on set aside #$ t+is court u-on

a categorica, and c,ear findings t+at t+e acts for /+ic+ +e /as administrative,$ +e,d ,ia#,e are not un,a/fu,

and irregu,ar t+e acJuitta, of t+e -etitioner in t+e crimina, case necessari,$ entai,s t+e dismissa, of t+eadministrative action against +im #ecause in sc+ a case t+ere is no #asis nor 5ustifia#,e reason to maintain

t+e administrative suit.

Does t+e Cresident +ave t+e -o/er to reorganize t+e 0!R&

'es under sec. : and ?2 of RA ?@ sec. 2


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-ur-ose,$ to defeat securit$ of tenure or ot+er/ise not in good fait+ no va,id a#o,ition ta4es -,ace and

/+atever a#o,ition is done is void a# initio.

1+at are t+e mar4s of #ad fait+ in remova, as a resu,t of reorganization&

Sec. 2 RA ??@? enumerates t+e circumstances evidencing #ad fait+ in t+e remova, of em-,o$ees as a resu,t

of reorganization

(;) 1+ere t+ere is a significant increase in t+e num#er of -ositions in t+e ne/ staffing -attern of t+ede-artment or agenc$ concerned

(2) 1+ere an office is a#o,is+ed and anot+er -erforming su#stantia,,$ t+e same functions is created

(8) 1+ere incum#ents are re-,aced #$ t+ose ,ess Jua,ified in terms of status of a--ointment -erformanceand merit

() 1+ere t+ere is a rec,assification of offices in t+e de-artment or agenc$ concerned and t+e rec,assified

offices -erform su#stantia,,$ t+e same functions as t+e origina, offices(@) 1+ere t+e remova, vio,ates t+e order of se-aration -rovided in sec. 8 +ereof.

"e#u nited Enter-rises v. %a,,ofin ;


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sus-ended and Dr. 7ateo /as designated as t+e officerinc+arge in +is -,ace. 7ean/+i,e Cres. 7arcos

-assed CD ;8; converting C"" into CC /it+ 7ateo as Cresident. "risostomo /as ,ater acJuitted and +isadministrative c+arges /ere dismissed.

!SSE

Did CD ;8; a#o,is+ C""&

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CD ;8; did not a#o,is+ #ut on,$ c+anged t+e C"" into /+at is no/ CC. 1+at too4 -,ace /as a c+ange in

t+e academic status of t+e educationa, institution not in its cor-orate ,ife. 6ence t+e c+ange in its name t+ee-ansion of its curricu,um offerings and c+anges in its structure and organization.

As a genera, ru,e /+en t+e -ur-ose of t+e ,a/ma4ing aut+orit$ is to a#o,is+ t+e office and create a ne/ one+e sa$s so. !n t+e instant case CD ;8; mere,$ states t+at C"" is converted into t+e CC. !n addition t+e ,a/

does not state t+at t+e ,ands #ui,dings and eJui-ment o/ned #$ t+e C"" /ere #eing transferredF to t+e

CC #ut on,$ t+at t+e$ stand transferredF to it. Stand transferredF sim-,$ means for eam-,e t+at ,andstransferred to t+e C"" /ere to #e understood as transferred to t+e CC as t+e ne/ name of t+e institution.

***Q 1+o +as t+e -o/er to reorganize&A !t de-ends. !n order to determine /+o +as t+e -o/er to reorganize it is essentia, to c+aracterize /+et+er

t+e #od$ to #e reorganized is a de-artment or an instrumenta,it$ of government. nder EO 292 t+e Cresident

is given t+e -o/er of contro, over a,, de-artments #ureaus and offices under t+e eecutive #ranc+. Since t+e-o/er of contro, inc,udes t+e -o/er to reorganize t+en t+e -o/er to reorganize a de-artment a #ureau or an

office can #e said to #e ,odged in t+e Cresident. On t+e ot+er +and an instrumenta,it$ is as a genera, ru,e

created #$ statute or made -ursuant to a ,a/. So un,ess t+e ,a/ creating suc+ instrumenta,it$ de,egates t+eaut+orit$ to reorganize to a se-arate #od$ t+e -o/er to reorganize suc+ is /it+ "ongress.

***Q 1+en is reorganization of administrative agencies va,id&

A =irst determine /+et+er t+e agenc$ is a de-artment or an instrumenta,it$ in order to determine /+o +ast+e aut+orit$ to reorganize. T+en determine /+et+er t+e reorganization is done in good fait+ not in good

fait+ or in #ad fait+. Reorganization is in good fait+ if done for t+e -ur-ose of econom$ and efficienc$.

***Q 7a$ a -u#,ic officer va,id,$ c,aim vio,ation of securit$ of tenure as a resu,t of a#o,ition of office&

A !t de-ends on t+e va,idit$ of t+e a#o,ition. 1as t+e a#o,ition done #$ someone /+o +as aut+orit$& To

determine /+o +as aut+orit$ to a#o,is+ #ear in mind t+e t+ree modes of creating an office (;) "onstitution(2) Statute and (8) aut+orit$ #$ ,a/. An office created #$ t+e "onstitution ma$ on,$ #e a#o,is+ed #$

"onstitutiona, amendment or revision un,ess t+e "onstitution itse,f -rovides for anot+er mode of a#o,ition.

>i4e/ise an office created #$ Statute ma$ as a genera, ru,e #e on,$ a#o,is+ed #$ "ongress un,ess t+is-o/er is de,egated. And t+e Cresident ma$ a#o,is+ an office if suc+ office is under +is -o/er of contro, and

"ongress +as not -rovided for a different mode of a#o,ition.

So if t+e a#o,ition is made #$ someone /it+ aut+orit$ t+en /as it done in good fait+& A#o,ition is in goodfait+ if t+e -ur-ose is for econom$ and efficienc$ or if it not done in #ad fait+ #earing in mind t+e

circumstances evidencing #ad fait+.

!f done in good fait+ t+en t+e a#o,ition is va,id. 1+en t+ere is va,id a#o,ition t+ere can #e no se-aration or

remova, from office and t+e affected -u#,ic officer cannot c,aim vio,ation of securit$ of tenure for t+ere can

#e no tenure to a noneistent office.


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***Q 7a$ an officia, of an a#o,is+ed office c,aim vested rig+t to t+at office&A T+ere is no suc+ t+ing as a vested rig+t to an office. T+e on,$ ece-tions are t+ose offices esta#,is+ed #$

t+e "onstitution suc+ as t+e "onstitutiona, "ommissions etc.

***Q !n case of a#o,ition and a ne/ office is t+ere#$ created ma$ t+e incum#ent of t+e a#o,is+ed office

c,aim -reference to t+at ne/ office&

A T+e conce-t of -reference is i,,ustrated in t+e netinran4 ru,e. nder t+at ru,e an$one /+o is em-,o$edon a -ermanent #asis in a -osition t+at +as #een -revious,$ determined to #e netinran4 to t+e vacatedoffice and /+o is Jua,ified is given -reference to said office. T+is -resu--oses t+at t+ere is an o,d office

/+ic+ is vacated. T+us t+e ru,e does not a--,$ to a ne/,$ created office /+ic+ necessari,$ entai,s ne/

-ositions. 0esides -reference on,$ means t+at t+e o,d em-,o$ee s+ou,d #e considered first #ut it does notautomatica,,$ fo,,o/ t+at t+e$ s+ou,d t+en #e automatica,,$ rea--ointed.

Administrative Agencies and Reorganization

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