Look at the following example:

More light can come in

They cut down a tree which grows in front of our house so that more light can come in.

They cut down a tree. The tree grows in front of our house.

They cut down a tree which grows in front of our house

Complex Sentence(Kalimat Majemuk Bertingkat)

COMPLEX SENTENCES(Kalimat Majemuk

Bertingkat)

COMPLEX SENTENCES(Kalimat Majemuk

Bertingkat)Complex sentence adalah gabungan antara 2 kalimat atau lebih yang mana salah satu dari kalimat tersebut berfungsi sebagai Kalimat Induk (Main/ Independent Clause) atau Anak Kalimat (Subordinate/Dependent Clause).Complex sentence diklasifikasikan/ dikelompokkan berdasarkan jenis Anak Kalimat (Subordinate/ Dependent Clause).

Jenis-jenis Complex sentence:1. Complex sentence dgn anak kalimat berupa

Adjective Clause.

2. Complex sentence dgn anak kalimat berupa Adverb Clause.

3. Complex sentence dgn anak kalimat berupa Noun Clause.

ADJECTIVE CLAUSEAdjective Clause adalah anak kalimat yang berfungsi seperti Kata Sifat (Adjectives), yaitu untuk menjelaskan Kata Benda (Nouns)

Kalimat yang mengandung Adjective Clause adalah merupakan kalimat majemuk (Complex Sentence) dengan unsur-unsur yang terdiri dari:

1. Independent Clause = Induk kalimat

2. Dependent Clause = Anak kalimat3. Antecedent = Bagian dari induk kalimat yang dijelaskan4. Relative Pronouns = Kata Ganti Penghubung

Contoh :

This is the new book which I borrowed from the library yesterday.

Ind. Clause Antecedent Rel. Pronouns Dep. Clause

JENIS-JENIS ADJECTIVE CLAUSE

1. Adjective Clause dgn Relative Pronouns sbg Subyek

The woman is a doctor. She is sitting near the window.Ant. S Who / that

The woman who is sitting near the window is a doctor.

The woman that is sitting near the window is a doctor.

Is the book yours? The book is on my table.Ant. S Which / that

Is the book which is on my table yours?

Is the book that is on my table yours?

Kalimat gabungan:

Kalimat gabungan:

2. Adjective Clause dgn Relative Pronouns sbg Obyek

in the office just nowThe young woman is a doctor. You met her

Ant. O Whom / that / Φ

in the office just now.You met whom/that/ Φ

in the office just now.you metwhom/that/ Φ

a. The young woman whom you met in the office just now is a doctor.

b. The young woman that you met in the office just now is a doctor.

c. The young woman you met in the office just now is a doctor.

Kalimat gabungan:

from the libraryI put the encyclopedia on my table. I borrowed it

Ant. O Which/that/ Φ

Kalimat gabungan:

a. I put the encyclopedia which I borrowed from the library on my table.

b. I put the encyclopedia that I borrowed from the library on my table.

c. I put the encyclopedia I borrowed from the library on my table.

Who/ thatWhich/ that = Yang…

3. Adjective Clause dgn Relative Pronouns menyatakan Milik

is your classmate.Is the man a doctor? His son

Ant.

milik

whose

Is the man whose son is your classmate a doctor?

their house.The people were nice. We visited

Ant. whose

milik

The people whose house we visited were nice.

come from many countries.I live in a dormitory. Its residents

Ant. milik whoseI live in a dormitory whose residents come from many countries.

4. Adjective Clause dgn Relative Pronouns sbg Obyek Preposisi

him.The boy is your brother. I gave your booksAnt.

to

O Whom/that/…/to whom

1. The boy whom I gave your books to is your brother.

Kalimat gabungannya:

2. The boy that I gave your books to is your brother.

3. The boy I gave your books to is your brother.

3. The boy to whom I gave your books is your brother.

it.The pen is mine. You are writing with

Ant. O Which/that/…/with which

a. The pen which you are writing with is mine.

Kalimat gabungannya:

b. The pen that you are writing with is mine.

c. The pen you are writing with is mine.

d. The pen with which you are writing is mine.

Exercise : Join these sentences into complex sentences with Adjective clause.

1. The man was the King’s son. He was wearing a beautiful robe.

2. Roro Anteng got married with Joko Seger. She was one of the King’ daughter.

3. Kesuma was finally sacrificed. He was the youngest son of Roro Anteng and Joko Seger.

4. The family lived in the house. The house was believed to be haunted.

5. The old man had a very unique stick. The stick had a strange power.

6. Anne Boleyn was Henry VIII’s second wife. Henry executed her in 1536.

7. This is the man. I gave money to him this morning.

8. His stepmother was not very kind to him. He was living with her.

9. What was the name of the girl? She came here last night.

10.Dr. Johnson often met his friends in the Chesire Cheese. His house was quite near.

Kayaknya udah pada ngerti nih?Thanks for not asking me questions.

See you…

5. Adjective Clause dgn Relative Pronouns menyatakan tempat

with my family.This is the new house. I am living in this houseAnt. O Which/that/…/in which/where

Kalimat gabungannya:

a. This is the new house which I am living in with my family.

b. This is the new house that I am living in with my family.

c. This is the new house I am living in with my family.

d. This is the new house in which I am living with my family.

e. This is the new house where I am living with my family.

6. Adjective Clause dgn Relative Pronouns menyatakan waktu

the day.This is the day. We got married on

Ant. O …/that/on which/when

a. This is the day we got married.

Kalimat gabungan:

b. This is the day that we got married.

c. This is the day on which we got married.

d. This is the day when we got married.

Beberapa catatan ttg Adjective Clause:

A. Adjective Clause yang disingkat (Reduced Clause):

Syarat: Relative Pronouns merupakan subyek dari Adjective Clause tersebut.

Adjective Clause dapat disingkat menjadi Adjective Phrase.

Contoh:

smoking under the tree is your brother.1. The boy who is

smoking under the tree is your brother.= The boy who issmoking under the tree is your brother.

2. The man who is responsible for the incidents came to the police station.

= The man who is responsible for the incidents came to the police station.responsible for the incidents came to the police station.

3. The letter which is written in English is for you. = The letter which is written in English is for you.written in English is for you.

4. The children who attend that school receive a good education.

= The children who attend that school receive a good education.attending that school receive a good education.

B. Defining dan Non Defining Clause

1. Defining Clause = Klausa yg membatasi2. Non Defining Clause = Klausa yg tidak membatasi

Contoh:

Mr. Bambang(P. Bambang yang bertempat tinggal didepan rumahku itu seorang kepala sekolah).

is a headmaster. who lives near my house

Kalimat tsb diatas secara tersirat bermakna:

“ada lebih dari satu orang bernama Bambang, dan Bambang yg rumahnya didepan rumah saya itu profesinya kepala sekolah. Bambang yg rumahnya ditempat lain bukan kepala sekolah.”

Defining Clause

Mr. Bambang , who lives near my house, is a headmaster.

(P. Bambang, yang bertempat tinggal didepan rumahku itu, adalah seorang kepala sekolah)

Kalimat tsb diatas secara tersirat bermakna:

“hanya ada satu orang bernama Bambang; kebetulan rumahnya didepan rumah saya dan profesinya kepala sekolah.”

Non Defining Clause

NB:

Non Defining Clause biasanya diletakkan diantara tanda koma (bila ditengah kalimat) atau setelah tanda koma (bila diakhir kalimat). Non Defining Clause seperti ini berfungsi sebagai keterangan tambahan bagi ANTECEDENT.