Address Map Rendering - ISO · 2019-04-02 · Map for easy understanding road name and building...
Transcript of Address Map Rendering - ISO · 2019-04-02 · Map for easy understanding road name and building...
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Address Map Rendering
Jinmu Choi Geography
Kyung Hee University
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Table of Contents Rendering a Map
Map Scale
Geometry Generalization with Scale
Dynamic Symbolization with Scale
Multiscale Rendering for Buildings and Rivers
Address Map Projects
Future Research Plans
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Rendering a Map
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Rendering In Computer Graphics,
Rendering is the process of generating an image from a model (or models in what collectively could be called a scene file), by means of computer programs. (WIKIPEDIA)
In Cartography, The process of rendering a map generally
means taking raw geospatial data and making a visual map from it. (Wiki.openstreetmap.org)
Rendering = Mapmaking
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Map Design Process(Slocum et al. 2007)
1. Determine how the map will be reproduced
2. Select a scale, generalization method, and map projection
3. Determine methods for data symbolization and classification
4. Select map elements
5. Establish a ranking of symbols and map elements
6. Create a sketch map
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Key Issue of Map Design
Map Scale Tile Map and Thematic Map for
each Level
Symbolization Symbol for Features Symbol for Labels
Generalization Generalization for Feature
Geometry
지도축척
심볼화
일반화
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Map Scale
단 계 daum naver openstreetmap google map range
1 1:830,000,000 1:900,000,000~1:600,000,000 2 1:417,000,000 1:600,000,000~1:300,000,000 3 1:200,000,000 1:180,000,000 1:300,000,000~1:100,000,000 4 1:83,000,000 1:90,000,000 1:100,000,000~1:60,000,000 5 1:41,700,000 1:45,000,000 1:60,000,000~1:30,000,000 6 1:20,000,000 1:23,000,000 1:30,000,000~1:15,000,000 7 1:10,240,000 1:10,925,000 1:10,000,000 1:10,000,000 1:15,000,000~1:7,500,000 8 1:5,120,000 1:5,500,000 1:5,000,000 1:5,000,000 1:7,500,000~1:3,700,000 9 1:2,560,000 1:2,700,000 1:2,500,000 1:2,500,000 1:3,700,000~1:1,900,000 10 1:1,280,000 1:1,400,000 1:1,300,000 1:1,300,000 1:1,900,000~1:900,000 11 1:640,000 1:683,000 1:670,000 1:670,000 1:900,000~1:500,000 12 1:320,000 1:341,700 1:330,000 1:300,000 1:500,000~1:250,000 13 1:160,000 1:166,700 1:160,000 1:160,000 1:250,000~1:100,000 14 1:80,000 1:83,000 1:83,000 1:83,000 1:100,000~1:60,000 15 1:40,000 1:42,600 1:41,000 1:42,000 1:60,000~1:30,000 16 1:20,000 1:21,300 1:20,000 1:20,000 1:30,000~1:15,000 17 1:10,000 1:10,700 1:10,000 1:10,000 1:15,000~1:7,500 18 1:5,000 1:5,300 1:5,000 1:5,000 1:7,500~1:3,750 19 1:2,500 1:2,700 1:2,500 1:2,500 1:3,750~1:1,800 20 1:1,250 1:1,300 1:1,300 1:1,800~1:1,000
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Cartographic Generalization The process of reducing the amount of data and
adjusting the information to the given scale
10 Generalization Operators Simplification
Smoothing
Aggregation
Amalgamation
Collapse
– Merging
– Refinement
– Exaggeration
– Enhancement
– Displacement
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Collapse The process of reducing a feature dimension
Display Scale
1:1k 1:24k 1:100k
1:700
Scale Range
1:5k 1:50k
Scale Range > 1k 1k - 24k 24k - 100k < 100k
Road Line Line Line Line River Polygon Polygon/Line Line Line
Building Polygon Polygon/Point Point Point
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Multiple Symbols Geometry and symbols
Different geometry types need different symbols
Same geometry types may need multiple symbols based on the visual scale
Multiple symbols Current GIS stores symbols as a symbol file
To store multiple symbols with scale range, this study proposes symbol knowledge base
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Symbol Knowledge base(Choi, 2008)
Point Table Line Table Polygon Table • Feature Name • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Point Style • Point Color • Point Size • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Point Style • Point Color • Point Size • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Point Style • Point Color • Point Size
• Feature Name • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Line Style • Line Color • Line Size • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Line Style • Line Color • Line Size • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Line Style • Line Color • Line Size
• Feature Name • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Use Polygon • Polygon Style • Polygon Color • Outline Type • Outline Width • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Use Polygon • Polygon Style • Polygon Color • Outline Type • Outline Width • Use_Max_scale • From_Max_scale • To_Max_scale • Use Polygon • Polygon Style • Polygon Color • Outline Type • Outline Width
• Use point for max • Point Style • Point Color • Point Size • Criteria Column • Criteria Value • Use point for mid • Point Style • Point Color • Point Size • Criteria Column • Criteria Value • Use point for min • Point Style • Point Color • Point Size • Criteria Column • Criteria Value
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Multiscale Rendering for Buildings and Rivers
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Multiscale Symbols Feature Class Building River
Point (Line) for Large Scale
No No
Point (Line) Style • •
Point (Line) Color • •
Point (Line) Size • •
Criteria Value • •
Point (Line) for Medium Scale
Point Line
Point (Line) Style Circle Solid Line
Point (Line) Color Dark Red Cyan
Point (Line) Size 2 1
Criteria Value Area Size: 50 Width: 100
Point (Line) for Small Scale
Point Line
Point (Line) Style Circle Solid Line
Point (Line) Color Black Cyan
Point (Line) Size 1 1
Criteria Value • •
Feature Class Building River
Large Scale Range 1 : 1 K ~ 1 : 3 K 1 : 1 ~ 1 : 10 K
Use Polygon Polygon Polygon
Polygon Style Solid Fill Solid Fill
Polygon Color Red Cyan
Outline Type Solid Line Solid Line
Outline Width 1 1
Medium Scale Range 1 : 3 K ~ 1 : 6 K 1 : 10 ~ 1 : 24 K
Use Polygon Polygon Polygon
Polygon Style Solid Fill Solid Fill
Polygon Color Blue Cyan
Outline Type Solid Line Solid Line
Outline Width 1 1
Small Scale Range 1 : 6 K ~ 1 : 50 K 1 : 24 ~ 1 : 100 K
Use Polygon No No
Polygon Style • •
Polygon Color • •
Outline Type • •
Outline Width • •
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Rendering Buildings Large: 1k-3k medium: 3k-6k small: < 6k
1:2,500
1:4,000
1:7,000
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Rendering Rivers Large: 1k-10k Medium: 10k-24k Small: < 24k Width: 100m
1:9,000
1:17,000
1:35,000
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Address Map Projects
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Project Time Table Year 1 (2012): Draft of Address Map
Standard Direction of Map Standard
Three Drafts of Address Maps
Year 2 (2013): Deriving Example of Address Tile Map Road Hierarchy and Tile Level
Road Symbol and Other Feature Symbol
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Direction of Address Map Standard Map for easy understanding road name and building number Design mental map for recognition of road network at a glance Improving prediction capability of road name and building number Increase awareness of road name address map through a unified
schema and production standards
구 분 우리나라 해외
특징
• 도로 , 지형지물 동일순위로 표현하여
도로가 드러나지 않음
• 등고선, 하천, 호수, 저수지, 행정경계선,
교량명 , 절이름 , 행정지명 , 산 등을
기본적으로 표기
• 도로를 우선적으로 표기
• 하천, 공원 등을 표기하나 여유공간이
있을 경우만 표기
• 등고선(지형) 대신 다양한 바탕색 사용
시사점 • 점개념(지명이나 시설물 중심)
• 많은 지명과 건물명 표기에 치중
• 선개념(도로 중심)
• 도로명 위주의 간략한 표기
Draft of Address Map (Year 1)
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Three Drafts of Address Map 책자형과 휴대형에 대한 3가지 유형의 샘플 제작
[1] 텍스트형 [2] 싸인형 [3] 픽토그램형
Draft of Address Map (Year 1)
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Ex. of Address Tile Map (Year 2)
Road Hierarchy and Tile Level
위계 구분 적용 레벨 비고
국토간선고속도로 2 ~ 14 경부고속도로, 영동고속도로, 호남고속도로, 중부내륙고속도로, 중앙고속도로, 서해안고속도로, 남해안고속도로
국토간선대로․로 2 ~ 14 동해대로
시도간선고속도로 4 ~ 14 서울외곽순환고속도로 등...
시도간선자동차전용도로 4 ~ 14 올림픽대로 등...
시도간선대로․로 4 ~ 14 시도 급 대로, 로
시군구간선대로․로 8 ~ 14 시군구 급 대로, 로
그 외 로 8 ~ 14 종속구간이 아닌 도로
종속구간 12 ~ 14 주도로 외의 종속도로
단지내도로 12 ~ 14 아파트 단지 내 도로
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Road Symbol and Other Feature Symbol 도로 종류 심볼 주요지점 심볼 주요지점 심볼
국토간선고속도로 경찰서 경찰서
국토간선대로로 소방서 의료시설
시도간선고속도로 교육시설 숙박시설
시도간선자동차전용도로 도서관 공항건물
시도간선대로․로 쇼핑건물 관공서
길 금융시설 아파트
종속구간 우체국
Ex. of Address Tile Map (Year 2)
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Future Research Plans
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Further Project Time Table Year 3 (2014)
도로명주소안내도 Rendering 방안 기초 연구: 일반화 알고리듬 개발 및 개별 심볼 선정
도로명주소안내도 제작용 Illustrate Template 개발
Year 4 (2015) 도로명주소안내도 제작 응용프로그램 완성
도로명주소안내도 검수 절차 마련 및 검수 프로그램 개발
Year 5 (2016) 도로명주소안내도 작성 규칙 법제화
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Year 3 (2014) 도로명주소안내도 Rendering 방안 기초 연구: 일반화 알고리듬 개발 및 개별 심볼 선정 Scale에 따라 Feature의 일반화가 필요하고 일반화된
Feature에 대해 각각의 Symbol이 결정되어야 함 우선, 10가지 기본 일반화 방안에 대한 알고리듬 개발 일반화된 개별 사상(Feature)과 라벨 심볼 선정
도로명주소안내도 제작용 Illustrate Template 개발 도로명주소안내도 제작 시 표준화된 심볼과 라벨 심볼에 대한 틀과 자료를 제공
개별적인 심볼 제작, 라벨 폰트 구매 여건이 되지 못함 각 기준 축척에 대한 개별 Template로 개발
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Year 4 (2014) 도로명주소안내도 제작 응용프로그램 완성
전년도 사업에서 개발된 도로명주소 일반화 알고리듬과 선정된 심볼을 적용하여 도로명주소를 활용한 주제도 제작 프로그램 개발
도로명주소안내도 검수 절차 마련 및 검수 프로그램 개발 다양하게 제작되는 도로명주소안내도 대한 사후 검수를 통해 Quality 확보
도로명주소안내도 작성 규칙 법제화 지자체 및 공공기관에서 다양한 축척의 도로명주소안내도를 쉽게 제작하고 그 일관성을 유지하도록 함
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References Choi, J. and C. Hwang, 2009, Multi-scale Rendering with Geometry
Collapse and Symbol Knowledge Base, The Cartographical Journal. Vol. 46, No. 2, pp. 155-163
Dent, B.B, 1999, Cartography: Thematic map Design, 5th Ed, McGraw-Hill, p.419
ESRI, 1996, Automation of Map Generalization, ESRI White Paper Series, http://downloads.esri.com/support/whitepapers/ao_/mapgen.pdf
GITTA, 2012, Generalization of Map Data, Geographic Information Technology Training Alliance (GITTA), http://gitta.info/Generalisati/en/text/Generalisati.pdf
Slocum, T.A., McMaster, R.B., Kessler, F.C., and Howard, H.H., 2005, Thematic Cartography and Geographic Visualization, 2th Ed, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, p.518
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rendering_(computer_graphics) http://wiki.openstreetmap.org/wiki/Rendering
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Thank You
Questions?