Adaptive Learning .

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• Adaptive Learning https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning- toolkit.html

Transcript of Adaptive Learning .

Page 1: Adaptive Learning .

• Adaptive Learning

https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning-toolkit.html

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Best practice Environmental best management practice

1 In these contexts, it is more useful to think of best management practice

as an adaptive learning process rather than a fixed set of rules or

guidelines

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Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence - General machine intelligence

1 The 2011 Federal Virtual World Challenge advertised by The White

House and sponsored by the US Army held a competition offering a total of $52,000 USD in cash prize

awards for general Artificial Intelligence applications, including

adaptive learning systems, intelligent conversational bots, adaptive

behavior (objects or processes) and more.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning-toolkit.html

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History of video games - Origins of the computer game

1 Early game creation was thus largely limited to testing or demonstrating theories relating to areas such as

human-computer interaction, adaptive learning, and military

strategy.

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Best practices - Environmental best management practice

1 In these contexts, it is more useful to think of best management

practice as an adaptive learning process rather than a fixed set of

rules or guidelines

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Posttraumatic stress disorder - Neuroendocrinology

1 Translating this reaction to human conditions gives a pathophysiological

explanation for PTSD by a maladaptive learning pathway to fear response through a hypersensitive, hyperreactive, and hyperresponsive

HPA axis.

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Orbitofrontal cortex - Functions of the human orbitofrontal cortex

1 In doing this, the brain is capable of comparing the expected

reward/punishment with the actual delivery of reward/punishment, thus, making the OFC critical for adaptive

learning

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Learning - Sensitisation

1 Sensitisation is thought to underlie both adaptive as well as maladaptive learning processes in the organism.

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Augmented learning

1 'Augmented learning' is an on-demand learning technique where the environment

adapts to the learner. By providing remediation on-demand, learners can gain

greater understanding of a topic and stimulate discovery and

learning.[http://techcrunch.com/2012/05/09/an-interview-with-mcgraw-hill-higher-

education-president-brian-kibby-about-the-future-of-ebooks-tctv/ Augmented learning

and super-adaptive learning]

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Augmented learning

1 Instead of focusing on memorization, the learner

experiences an adaptive learning experience based upon the current

context

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McGraw-Hill - McGraw-Hill Education

1 The company’s two flagship adaptive learning products are LearnSmart [http://www.mhlearnsmart.com],

available for higher education and High School students, and ALEKS

[http://www.aleks.com/], available for higher education and K-12 students.

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B. F. Skinner - Teaching machine

1 There has been a resurgence of interest in the notion of the teaching

machine and its relationship to adaptive learning systems of the

early 21st Century[http://philmcrae.com/2/post/

2013/04/rebirth-of-the-teaching-maching-through-the-seduction-of-

data-analytics-this-time-its-personal1.html Philip McRae, Ph.D.]

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Experimental economics - Learning experiments

1 Amnon Rapoport, Jim Parco and Ryan Murphy have investigated

reinforcement-based adaptive learning models in one of the most

celebrated paradoxes in game theory known as the centipede game.

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Hindsight bias - Cognitive models

1 RAFT is a by-product of adaptive

learning

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Economic crises - Herding models and learning models

1 In adaptive learning or adaptive expectations models, investors are assumed to be

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Rehabilitation counseling - College disability counselors/specialists

1 Some adaptive technological accommodations may include but are not limited to: Adaptive

computer technology (including voice activated and speech output), Assistive listening devices,

Films/videotapes about disabilities, Kurzweil personal reader, Large print software,Print

enlargers (CCTV), Raised-line drawing kit, Tactile map of campus, Talking calculators, Tape

recorders/APH Talking Book Machine, TDD for hearing impaired, Wheelchair, Wheelchair access maps.[http://www.foothill.edu/al/drc.php Adaptive

Learning Division - Disability Resource Center]

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University of Phoenix - Academics

1 In August 2011, Apollo group announced it would buy 100% of

Carnegie Learning to accelerate its efforts to incorporate adaptive

learning into its academic platform.Trip Gabriel|Gabriel, Trip

(August 2, 2011)

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Heutagogy - Etymology and generalizations

1 This learning is problem based adaptive learning that challenges

faulty schema, integrates new knowledge with existing knowledge which allows for creation of original

work and innovative procedures

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Learning theories - Humanism

1 This self-directed learning is needs

motivated, adaptive learning

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Constructivism (learning theory)

1 It is problem-based, adaptive learning that challenges faulty

schema, integrates new knowledge with existing knowledge, and allows

for creation of original work or innovative procedures

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Thomas Sargent - Professional contributions

1 * studying the conditions under which systems with bounded rationality of agents

and Adaptive learning|adaptive learners converge to rational expectations.

[http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Economics/MacroeconomicTheory/?

view=usaci=9780198288695 Description] and chapter-preview 1st-page

[http://www.questia.com/library/book/bounded-rationality-in-macroeconomics-thomas-j-

sargent-by-thomas-j-sargent.jsp links].

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Eric von Hippel - Collaborators

1 • Tyre, Marcie and Eric von Hippel (1997) The Situated Nature of

Adaptive Learning in Organizations Organization Science, vol 8, No 1

(January–February) p.71-83

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Gregory I. Piatetsky-Shapiro - Career

1 In April 2000, KSP was acquired by [http://www.kdnuggets.com/press/Yahoo-X-ksp.htm Xchange, Inc], and Gregory joined

Xchange as Vice-President and Chief Scientist. He led the development of

Adaptive Learning Engine to support multi-channel, complex customer interaction in real-time and participated in a number of consulting engagements on the topics of CRM, data mining, customer attrition and

cross-sell.

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Digifant Engine Management system - History

1 Changes in circuit technology, design and processing speed along with

evolving emissions standards, resulted in the development of new

engine management systems. These new system incorporated adaptive learning fuzzy logic, enhanced and

expanded diagnostics, and the ability to meet total vehicle emissions

standards.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning-toolkit.html

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Theodore Millon - Books

1 * Millon, Theodore (1969) Modern Psychopathology: A Biosocial

Approach to Maladaptive Learning and Functioning. Philadelphia: J.B.

Saunders Company.

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Immunity to change

1 Heifetz's distinction between technical and adaptive learning,

Chris Argyris's ladder of inference, and the four stages of competence

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Self-organizing map - Alternatives

1 The TASOM employs adaptive learning rates and

neighborhood functions

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Paul Milgrom - Context and Overview

1 He has also contributed to agency theory by describing conditions under which linear

incentives are optimal, and by developing a tractable model of multitask agency

relationships. His work on contract and organization theory has been very

influential in management science. Finally, Professor Milgrom has contributed to

mathematical economics and game theory, with studies on reputation and adaptive

learning.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning-toolkit.html

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Paul Milgrom - Learning in Games

1 Thus, a sequence consistent with adaptive learning is also consistent with sophisticated

learning

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Paul Milgrom - Learning in Games

1 “Best Replies and Adaptive Learning,” Mathematical Social Sciences, Vol.30, No.3,

1995, pp.221-234.

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Knewton

1 Knewton also offers two adaptive learning products of its own: a

developmental math program and a test prep course for the GMAT.

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Knewton - Description

1 Knewton uses adaptive learning technology to identify each student's particular strengths and weaknesses

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Cognitive science of religion - Dual inheritance

1 A sophisticated statement of this approach can be found in Scott Atran

and Joseph Henrich (2010) [http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/

pdf/10.1162/BIOT_a_00018 The Evolution of Religion: How Cognitive

By-Products, Adaptive Learning Heuristics, Ritual Displays, and Group

Competition Generate Deep Commitments to Prosocial Religions]

Biological Theory 5.1.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning-toolkit.html

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Hindsight - Cognitive models

1 RAFT is a by-product of adaptive learning

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Adaptive learning

1 'Adaptive learning' is an educational method which uses

computers as interactive teaching devices. Computers adapt the

presentation of educational material according to students' learning

needs, as indicated by their responses to questions and tasks.

The technology encompasses aspects derived from various fields of

study including computer science, education, and psychology.

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Adaptive learning

1 Adaptive learning systems' primary application is in education, but another popular application is

business training

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Adaptive learning

1 Adaptive learning has also been known as adaptive educational hypermedia, computer-based learning, adaptive instruction,

intelligent tutoring systems, and computer-based pedagogical agents.

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Adaptive learning - History

1 In adaptive learning, the basic premise is that the tool or system will

be able to adjust to the student/user's learning method,

which results in a better and more effective learning experience for the

user

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Adaptive learning - History

1 Today, the number of new adaptive learning system companies is

growing steadily as more classrooms are becoming computerized and

other industries are finding uses for the applications of adaptive learning such as professional development.

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Adaptive learning - Technology and methodology

1 Adaptive learning systems have traditionally been divided into

separate components or 'models'. While different model groups have

been presented, most systems include some or all of the following models (occasionally with different names):Charles P. Bloom, R. Bowen Loftin Facilitating the Development

and Use of Interactive Learning Environments, Lawrence Erlbaum

Associates (1998).

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Adaptive learning - Expert model

1 Adaptive learning systems which do not include an expert model will

typically incorporate these functions in the instructional model.

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Adaptive learning - Student model

1 A student takes a test, the probabilities of weakness in all

concepts conditional on incorrect answers in all questions can be

calculated using Bayes' Theorem|Bayes' Law (these adaptive learning methods are often called bayesian

algorithms).

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Adaptive learning - Classroom Implementation

1 Adaptive learning that is implemented in the classroom environment using information

technology is often referred to as an Intelligent Tutoring System or an

Adaptive Learning System. Intelligent Tutoring Systems operate

on three basic principles:

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Adaptive learning - Classroom Implementation

1 **Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a way to bring together inductive

learning and logic programming to an Adaptive Learning System. Systems

using ILP are able to create hypothesis from examples demonstrated to it by the

programmer or educator and then use those experiences to develop

new knowledge to guide the student down paths to correct answers.

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Adaptive learning - Classroom Implementation

1 **Cost of developing new Adaptive Learning Systems is often prohibitive

to educational institutions so re-usability is essential.

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Adaptive learning - Distance learning implementation

1 Adaptive Learning systems can be implemented on the Internet for use

in distance learning and group collaboration applications.

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Adaptive learning - Distance learning implementation

1 The field of distance learning is now incorporating aspects of adaptive learning. Initial systems without adaptive learning were able to provide automated feedback to

students who are presented questions from a preselected question bank. That approach

however lacks the guidance which teachers in the classroom can

provide. Current trends in distance learning call for the use of adaptive

learning to implement intelligent dynamic behavior in the learning

environment.

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Adaptive learning - Distance learning implementation

1 A current successful implementation of adaptive learning in web-based

distance learning is the Maple engine of WebLearn by

[http://www.rmit.edu.au RMIT university]

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Adaptive learning - Distance learning implementation

1 Group collaboration is also a hot field in the adaptive learning research area.

Group collaboration is a key field in Web 2.0 which extends the functionality of

distance learning. Adaptive learning can be incorporated to facilitate collaboration

within distance learning environments like forums or resource sharing services. Some examples of how adaptive learning

can help with collaboration include:

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 A 2013 report commissioned by the Gates Foundation provides a list of almost forty companies currently

active in adaptive learning technology.http://edgrowthadvisors.c

om/gatesfoundation/

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 * Cengage Learning, a publishing company whose Aplia product

provides adaptive learning technology for Developmental

English.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *DreamBox (company)|DreamBox, an adaptive learning platform with

individualized paths for personalized learning.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *eSpindle Learning, a nonprofit maintaining an online vocabulary

and spelling coaching program based on the adaptive learning concept.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *Knewton, whose adaptive learning API connects to third-party products to help teachers identify and predict

knowledge gaps and personalize content for each student through

sophisticated, real-time analysis of reams of student performance data.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *PrepMe, an online learning company, currently uses adaptive

learning technology for test preparation, K-12 education, and

professional development.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *Sherston Software, a UK education software company, offers

PlanetSherston, an adaptive learning platform.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *Smart.fm, a social learning and community website, uses adaptive

learning technology with the goal of increasing learning speed and

retention.

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Adaptive learning - Companies currently using adaptive learning technology

1 *Smart Sparrow, has an adaptive learning platform that offers

instructional designers and teachers integrated tools to create, publish and analyse their own adaptive

content.

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User modeling - Data Gathering

1 * 'A hybrid approach which asks for explicit feedback and alters the user

model by adaptive learning'

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Stochastic gradient descent - Iterative method

1 As the algorithm sweeps through the training set, it performs the above update for each training example.

Several passes can be made over the training set until the algorithm

converges, if this is done, the data can be shuffled for each pass to

prevent cycles. Typical implementations may use an

adaptive learning rate so that the algorithm converges.

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Rprop

1 This algorithm was created by Martin Riedmiller and Heinrich Braun in

1992.Martin Riedmiller und Heinrich Braun: Rprop - A Fast Adaptive

Learning Algorithm

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Rprop - Variations

1 # RPROPminus; is defined at [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?

doi=10.1.1.27.7876 Advanced Supervised Learning in Multi-layer Perceptrons ndash; From

Backpropagation to Adaptive Learning Algorithms]. Backtracking is removed from

RPROP+.Martin Riedmiller. [http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?

doi=10.1.1.27.7876 Advanced supervised learning in multi-layer perceptrons - From backpropagation

to adaptive learning algorithms]. Computer Standards and Interfaces 16(5), 265-278, 1994

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Learning styles - A more recent evidence-based model of learning

1 PALS2: Pedagogically Adaptive Learning System based on

Learning Styles

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Video game crash of 1977 - Origins of the computer game (1940–2014)

1 Early game creation was thus largely limited to testing or demonstrating theories relating to areas such as

human-computer interaction, adaptive learning, and military

strategy.

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McGraw-Hill Education

1 This shift has accelerated in recent years with an increased focus on

developing adaptive learning systems that enable classroom

teaching to come closer to a one-to-one student-teacher interaction

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Burlington County College - The Integrated Learning Resource Center/Library (ILRC)

1 The Integrated Learning Resource Center/Library houses an online catalog, a

law collection, children's reading area, Pinelands Room, Career Adaptive Learning Literacy lab with computers and assistive devices for students with special needs,

periodicals and non-print media, a collection of classic films, reference works, leisure

reading materials, study rooms and meeting facilities with videoconferencing

capabilities.https://store.theartofservice.com/the-adaptive-learning-toolkit.html