Action VerbsAction Verbspg 96-97 zebrapg 96-97 zebra

The main word in the predicate is the The main word in the predicate is the verb and most verbs are action verbs.verb and most verbs are action verbs.

An An action verbaction verb shows what the shows what the subject does or did in the sentence.subject does or did in the sentence.

Ex: pitch, flew, and ranEx: pitch, flew, and ran Action verbs can also show action Action verbs can also show action

that you that you cannot seecannot see..

Ex: thought and inspiresEx: thought and inspires

Direct ObjectsDirect Objectspg 98-99 zebrapg 98-99 zebra

A A direct objectdirect object is a word in the is a word in the predicate that receives the action of a predicate that receives the action of a verb.verb.

It can be a noun or a pronoun. (A It can be a noun or a pronoun. (A pronoun takes the place of a noun.pronoun takes the place of a noun.

Ex: him or them.)Ex: him or them.) The direct object answers the question The direct object answers the question

What or Whom after the verb.What or Whom after the verb. Ex: The captain steers the big Ex: The captain steers the big shipship. .

(Steers what? Ship)(Steers what? Ship)

Main Verbs and Helping Main Verbs and Helping VerbsVerbs

pg 100-101 zebrapg 100-101 zebra A verb A verb may have two partsmay have two parts, a main , a main

verb and one or more helping verbs.verb and one or more helping verbs. A A main verbmain verb shows the action of the shows the action of the

sentence.sentence. The helping verb works with the main The helping verb works with the main

verb and verb and does notdoes not show action. show action. The main verb and helping verbs The main verb and helping verbs

together form a together form a verb phraseverb phrase.. Ex: She is Ex: She is winningwinning the race. the race.

Cont…Cont…

Common Helping VerbsCommon Helping Verbs

am are were shall hasam are were shall has

is was will have hadis was will have had

Linking VerbsLinking Verbspg 102-103 zebrapg 102-103 zebra

A linking verb links the subject of the A linking verb links the subject of the sentence with a word or words in the sentence with a word or words in the predicate. predicate.

A linking verb doesn’t show action and it is A linking verb doesn’t show action and it is notnot a helping verb. a helping verb.

It is followed by a word in the predicate that It is followed by a word in the predicate that names or describes something.names or describes something.

Ex: Anna Ex: Anna lookslooks cheerful. (Cheerful cheerful. (Cheerful describes Anna.)describes Anna.)

Cont…Cont…

Some verbs can be either linking verbs Some verbs can be either linking verbs or action verbs.or action verbs.

A-The crowd A-The crowd lookedlooked at the divers. at the divers. L- The divers L- The divers lookedlooked tired. (Tired tired. (Tired describes divers.)describes divers.) Common Linking VerbsCommon Linking Verbsam is are was were will beam is are was were will belook feel taste smell seem appearlook feel taste smell seem appear

Present TensePresent Tensepg 104-105 zebrapg 104-105 zebra

A verb that tells what the subject is doing A verb that tells what the subject is doing right now is in the right now is in the present tense.present tense.

You change the form of a verb in the present You change the form of a verb in the present tense when a tense when a singular noun is in the subject.singular noun is in the subject.

Ex:Ex: The ranger The ranger seessees the campers. the campers.

You don’t change the form of verbs when You don’t change the form of verbs when they are used with a they are used with a plural subjectplural subject or with or with I I or youor you..

Ex: I Ex: I wavewave. You . You wavewave. The campers . The campers wavewave..Cont…Cont…

Rules for Forming Rules for Forming the Present Tensethe Present Tense

1.) Most verbs: 1.) Most verbs: Add –sAdd –s Ex: get-gets Ex: get-gets

2.) Verbs ending with s, Ex: push-pushes2.) Verbs ending with s, Ex: push-pushes ch, sh, x and z: mix-mixesch, sh, x and z: mix-mixes Add –esAdd –es

3.) Verbs ending with a Ex: try-tries3.) Verbs ending with a Ex: try-triesConsonant and y:Consonant and y: Change y to an i and Change y to an i and add –es.add –es.

Past TensePast Tensepg 106-107 zebrapg 106-107 zebra

A verb that shows something has A verb that shows something has already happened is in the already happened is in the past tensepast tense..

Usually the past tense is formed by Usually the past tense is formed by adding –ed. But, some verbs may have adding –ed. But, some verbs may have to undergo a spelling change before to undergo a spelling change before you add –ed.you add –ed.

Cont..Cont..

Rules for Forming the Past Rules for Forming the Past TenseTense

1.) Most Verbs: Ex: play-played 1.) Most Verbs: Ex: play-played

Add –edAdd –ed

2.) Verbs ending with e: Ex: hope-hoped2.) Verbs ending with e: Ex: hope-hoped Drop the final e Drop the final e and add edand add ed

3.) Verbs ending with a Ex: study-studied3.) Verbs ending with a Ex: study-studiedconsonant and y:consonant and y: Change y to an i and Change y to an i and add –ed.add –ed.

4.) One-syllable verbs ending Ex: plan-planned4.) One-syllable verbs ending Ex: plan-planned with a single vowel and awith a single vowel and a consonant:consonant: Double the final consonant Double the final consonant and add -edand add -ed

Future TenseFuture Tensepg 108-109pg 108-109

A verb that tells that something is going A verb that tells that something is going to happen is in the to happen is in the future tensefuture tense..

To form the To form the future tensefuture tense of a verb, use of a verb, use the helping verb the helping verb will or shallwill or shall with the with the main verb. main verb. Shall is often used with I or Shall is often used with I or wewe..

Ex: She Ex: She will comewill come with us. with us.

We We shall stayshall stay here this summer. here this summer.

Subject-Verb AgreementSubject-Verb Agreementpg 112-113pg 112-113

A present tense verb and its subject must A present tense verb and its subject must agree in number. agree in number.

If a subject is singular, use the singular If a subject is singular, use the singular form of the verb.form of the verb.

If a subject is plural, use the plural form of If a subject is plural, use the plural form of the verb.the verb.

Cont…Cont…

Rules for Subject-Verb Rules for Subject-Verb AgreementAgreement

1.) Singular subject: Ex: 1.) Singular subject: Ex: She teachesShe teaches Add –s or –es to the verbAdd –s or –es to the verb the class. the class.

2.) Plural subject: Ex: The 2.) Plural subject: Ex: The dogs pulldogs pull Do not add –s or –esDo not add –s or –es the sled. the sled. to the verbto the verb

3.) I or you: Ex: 3.) I or you: Ex: You writeYou write well. well. Use the plural form Use the plural form of the verbof the verb

Agreement with Agreement with bebe and and havehave

Form of Form of bebe Singular SubjectSingular Subject Present Past Present PastI am wasI am wasYou are wereYou are wereHe, She, It is wasHe, She, It is was

Plural SubjectPlural SubjectWe are wereWe are wereYou are wereYou are wereThey are wereThey are were

Form of Form of havehave Singular SubjectSingular Subject Present Past Present PastI have hadI have hadYou have hadYou have hadHe, She, It has hadHe, She, It has had

Plural SubjectPlural SubjectWe have hadWe have hadYou have hadYou have hadThey have hadThey have had

Contractions with NotContractions with Not

A A contractioncontraction is a word formed by joining two is a word formed by joining two words, making one shorter word. words, making one shorter word.

An apostrophe takes the place of the letter or An apostrophe takes the place of the letter or letters dropped to shorten a word.letters dropped to shorten a word.

Examples:Examples:

do not-don’t must not-mustn’tdo not-don’t must not-mustn’t

does not-doesn’t will not-won’tdoes not-doesn’t will not-won’t

had not-hadn’t should not-shouldn’thad not-hadn’t should not-shouldn’t

cannot- can’tcannot- can’t

Regular and Irregular VerbsRegular and Irregular Verbs Regular verbsRegular verbs form the past tense by form the past tense by adding –edadding –ed.. Irregular verbsIrregular verbs do not form the past tense by adding –ed. do not form the past tense by adding –ed.

They have They have special formsspecial forms to show the past. to show the past.

Irregular VerbIrregular Verb Past TensePast Tense Past tense with Past tense with Helping verbHelping verb

bring brought (has, have, had) bring brought (has, have, had) broughtbrought

come came comecome came comego went gonego went gonemake made mademake made maderun ran runrun ran runsay said saidsay said saidtake took takentake took takenthink thought thoughtthink thought thoughtwrite wrote writtenwrite wrote written

More Irregular VerbsMore Irregular VerbsVerbVerb Past TensePast Tense Past tense with Helping verbPast tense with Helping verbring rang (has, have, had) rungring rang (has, have, had) rungsing sang sungsing sang sungswim swam swumswim swam swumbegin began begunbegin began beguntear tore (has, have, had) torntear tore (has, have, had) tornwear wore wornwear wore wornbreak broke (has, have, had) brokenbreak broke (has, have, had) brokenspeak spoke spokenspeak spoke spokensteal stole stolensteal stole stolenchoose chose chosenchoose chose chosenfreeze froze frozenfreeze froze frozenblow blew (has, have, had)blow blew (has, have, had) blownblowngrow grew growngrow grew grownknow knew knownknow knew knownfly flew flownfly flew flown

Verb Phrases with haveVerb Phrases with have The helping verb have is often used with the The helping verb have is often used with the

helping verbs helping verbs could, would, should, and mustcould, would, should, and must.. These are spoken as These are spoken as contractionscontractions:: could have could’vecould have could’ve would have would’vewould have would’ve should have should’veshould have should’ve must have must’vemust have must’ve Do not use Do not use ofof with could, would, should, or with could, would, should, or

mustmust IncorrectIncorrect-You should of seen the parade.-You should of seen the parade. CorrectCorrect-You should have seen the parade.-You should have seen the parade.

Teach, Learn; Let, LeaveTeach, Learn; Let, Leave TeachTeach- to give instruction He will teach us history.- to give instruction He will teach us history.

LearnLearn- to receive instruction We will learn about - to receive instruction We will learn about Rome.Rome.

LetLet- to permit Let Kevin go with us.- to permit Let Kevin go with us.

LeaveLeave- to go away from We will leave - to go away from We will leave tomorrow.tomorrow.

to let remain in place Leave it on the table.to let remain in place Leave it on the table.

Sit, Set; Can, MaySit, Set; Can, May

SitSit-to rest I will sit in the chair.-to rest I will sit in the chair.

SetSet- to place or put Set the books down.- to place or put Set the books down.

CanCan-to be able I can ride my bike well.-to be able I can ride my bike well.

MayMay-to be allowed May I go to the park?-to be allowed May I go to the park?