Action Research PD Session 2 (Data Collection and Lit Review)

8/9/2019 Action Research PD Session 2 (Data Collection and Lit Review)

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DATA COLLECTION


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Triangulation

The use of multiple sources of data


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Data Collection:

Tests/Assessments Some Examples

Teacher-Made Test

Standardized Test

Personality Test

Skills Assessment

Physical Fitness Test/Assessment

Intelligence Test ???


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Data Collection:

Survey/Q

uestionnai

re

Paper or Online

Often include

scales

open-ended items

Close-ended items

Partially close-ended

InterestNot at all

true

Somewhat

trueVery true

I enjoy doing math 1 2 3 4 5

I like math 1 2 3 4 5

I enjoy the subject of math 1 2 3 4 5

Math is exciting to me 1 2 3 4 5

I am fascinated by math 1 2 3 4 5

How might math and biology fit together?

OR

Name 2 careers a mathematician might have.

How many TVs are in your home?

a. 1 c. 3

b. 2 d. more than 3

In your opinion, what is the most important issue

facing the US today?

a. war c. environmental problems

b. poverty d. Other (Please specify):___


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Observation

Instruments/Guides Characteristics of individuals and of group

Description of physical surroundings

Description of Interactions and Nonverbalbehavior

Include key elements that you wish to observe

You may include rating scales for key elements

Include opportunity for general observationsSometimes, observing what does NOT happen

may be as important as observing what happens.


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Observation Instrument/Guide:

Example


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Data Collection:

Inte

rview

Interview Tips:

Be specific with your questions, but not too

specific.

Use simple, concise language

Dont talk too much!

Alternate types of questions (closed/open, brief

response/longer response)

Interview in private

Have a plan, but be flexible

Record brief notes, then fill in immediately after

interview.


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Data Collection:

Inte

rview P

rotocol Example

Biology & Math Teachers ID #: ________ School: _________ Date: ___

________

Describe how the (Computer modeling of disease outbreaks) was implemented in your

class [also identify class, student demographics (student race/ethnicity and gender), length of

time & number of sessions allotted for module completion, and extent of teacher collaborations].

Describe how well the students made the connection between math and biology byparticipating in this module. (Please cite examples of these student connections)

Do you feel the students have a betterunderstanding of the content aftermodule

completion versus a more traditional teaching format? Why orwhy not?

Has the (module title) activity led to more communication amongst yourpeers, especially

those in math and biology? Cite examples of these connections.

Did you find that, afterreceiving workshop training on the content and use of the module,

the module was relatively easy to implement? Explain. Did you have any material accessibility problems (e.g., technology, obtaining copies of

related materials)? If so, what were these problems?

What would a teacherwho did not participate in workshop training need in order to

implement the module in the classroom?

Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the module.

Additional comments/concerns/recommendations?


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Data Collection:

Reco

rd Keeping (Cont)

Maps

Checklists


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Alignment

Presentation

Data Analysis

Instrument Development/Data Collection

Literature Review

Research Question

Research purpose


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Assignment

Design yourown data collection instrument.If you find an existing

instrument that you would like to modify for your own use, be sure to cite it

AND

Include a description of: Your topic and research questions.

Your data collection technique (test/assessment, survey, observation, interviews, focus

groups, etc)

A rationale why did you decide to collect data using this technique?

A description of your data collection instrument

Your proposed data collection process/timeline (How will you collect data, when, from

whom, and how many times/how often. These will differ depending on your researchproject.)


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REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

ANDREA WEINBERG

FEBRUARY 10

EDRM 602: Action Research


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But first A tip for writing about your

purpose/context:Be descriptive

Inadequate teaching and

learning materials are provided by

the school.

Students are not individually assigned texts or

allowed to take them home. Rather, each

science classroom has a classroom set of

textbooks. When there are not enough texts to

go around, students are required to share.

Many textbooks and are not only in poor

condition but outdated as well. Texts used in

Biology classes date back to 1981.


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Alignment

Presentation

Data Analysis


Literature Review

Research Question

Research purpose


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the literature review WHY???

To educate yourself on the primary theoretical

approaches to your discipline, as well as the primary

actors:

Who are the most important scholars in your discipline?

What questions have they asked and answered?

What controversies remain within the discipline?

To provide yourself with an intellectual, historical and

theoretical context within which to frame your research andwriting.

To illustrate how your field has been previously studied,

and any flaws/gaps/problems with previous research.


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Developing your Literature

Review What is known about the subject?

Are there any gaps in the knowledge of the subject?

Have areas of further study been identified by other researchers

that you may want to consider?

Who are the significant research personalities in this area?

Is there consensus about the topic?

What aspects have generated significant debate on the topic?

What methods or problems were identified by others studying in the

field and how might they impact your research? What is the most productive methodology for your research based

on the literature you have reviewed?

What is the current status of research in this area?

What sources of information or data were identified that might be

useful to you


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Lit Review Steps

Step 1: Identify Key Terms

Step 2: Locate appropriate articles

Step 3: Identify the classic studies Step 4: Scan and group your articles/studies

Step 5: Read Articles

Step 6: Organize/Synthesize

Step 7: Synthesize/Write


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Reading/Evaluating Research

Dont be concerned if you dont understand the

entire article the first time through!!

Look for RECENT articles

Be critical

Consider bias, weaknesses in design (sampling,

data collection, etc)

Watch for recurring authors being cited.


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Lit Review

Step 1: Identify Key Terms

Have a list before you begin

Brainstorm synonyms

Discuss in your group


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Lit Review

Step 2: Locate Articles

Use Database to locate appropriate articles

Focus on primary or secondary sources

Types of sources:

Primary Sources direct reports of original research

Secondary Sources summarize primary source material

Professional Literature based on the perspectives ofexperienced professionals

Institutional Reports from government or institutionalauthorities

Practice literature advocates/presents particular

approaches


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Lit Review

Step 3: Identify the classic studies or reviews of

research on a topic

Look for recurring names of authors/studies

Perform a search to locate these


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Lit Review

Step 4: Scan and group your articles/studies

Organization is up to you, but is generally

done by topic, then subtopic, then

chronological

Example:

Curriculum integration in schools

Article1, 2, 3

Math and Science curriculum integration in schools

Articles 4, 7, 10

Math and Science curriculum integration in high schools

Articles 5, 6, 11

Math and Biology curriculum integration in high schools

Article 12


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Lit Review

Step 5: Read and Analyze Articles

Locate explicit definitions for your key concepts

Look for strengths/weaknesses

What evidence does the article provide (what are

the findings)

Identify trends, gaps, and relationships within

literature

Note how each article relates to your topic


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Lit Review

Step 6: Organize/Synthesize

Consider your purpose

Create an outline of your argument using the

research you have found

Look for gaps in your argument where they existtry to locate more research


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Lit Review

Step 7: Synthesize/Write

Describe the outline you created use headings

Stay focused

Describe the findings (your analysis of studies)

and how they relate to one another

Discuss other literature reviews on the topic

Indicate clearly why each study is relevant to

your topic

Read, read, and read again for coherence andflow!


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Writing Lit Rev

The Literature Review: A few tips onconducting it:http://www.utoronto.ca/writing/litrev.html

Organization of a literature review: helpfulhints:http://www.unc.edu/depts/wcweb/handouts/literature_review.html

APA formatting:http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/DocAPAReferences.html

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01


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Common Lit Search Problems

Finding too much

Brainstorm how to narrow it down

Finding too little

Brainstorm how to expand


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Alignment

Presentation

Data Analysis


Literature Review

Research Question

Research purpose


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Article Critiques: Due 2/21/09

Choose 2examples of primary research that

relate to your action research project.

Read, reflect, and report on the following: Purpose of article/research

Summary of key themes/ideas

Description of what was learned

Questions and implications for (classroom) practice

Data collection and analysis (methods) Methodological questions and issues

Sampling (type of sampling, number of participants)

Data collection/analysis


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Lit Review Assignment

Due 3/24/2009

Follow the preceding 7 steps to create a

literature review on your topic .

Step 1: Identify Key Terms - NOW

Step 2: Locate appropriate articles nextweek

Step 3: Identify the classic studies next

week


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Lit Review Suggestions

No she or he, no first names

Use direct quotations sparingly

A literature review is a synthesis of the

research literature not a series of article

critiques

Titles should not be included.

Remove references to you you can discussgenerally the implications of the research, but

In my classroom, I should do this is not

recommended. You will include that later!


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Alignment

Presentation

Data Analysis


Literature Review

Research Question

Research purpose

Action Research PD Session 2 (Data Collection and Lit Review)

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