Actinopterygian Relationships III Biology of Fishes 10.4.2012
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Actinopterygian Relationships IIIBiology of Fishes
10.4.2012
Review (Actinopterygian Relationships II) Actinopterygian Relationships III : Acanthopterygii Exam I Review
Overview
Holostei (gars, bowfins)
Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives)
- Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues)
-Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives)
-Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives)
-Protacanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha-Paracanthopterygii-Acanthopterygii
Actinopterygian Relationships III
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Actinopterygian Relationships
Neoteleostei Acanthomorpha (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes)
- Acanthopterygii
Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthomorpha
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthopterygii
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species Two major synapomorphies
Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based
on new muscle and bone attachments Ctenoid scales Physoclistous gas bladder 2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed) Pelvic and anal fin spines Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned
Actinopterygian Relationships
Acanthopterygii
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive
habitats of marine and many freshwater environments Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers, and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Mugilomorpha
Mugilomorpha (mullets) Nearshore, catadromous; ~80 species “primitive” acanthopterygians (cycloid or intermediate
cycloid-ctenoid scales); no pelvic girdle attachment Detritivores, feed on organic silt Important food fish
Actinopterygian Relationships
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Atherinomorpha
Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and relatives) Surface-dwellers, marine and freshwater, ~1500 species Unique protruding upper jaw, superior mouths Internal fertilization and live-bearing in many species Some unisexual (all female) species
Actinopterygian Relationships
Atherinomorpha
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Actinopterygian Relationships
Percomorpha (“perch-shaped” fishes) Most advanced clade of fishes ~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful
freshwater Primary synapomorphy is anteriorly placed pelvic girdle
attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)
Actinopterygian Relationships
Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) Zeiformes (dories) Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses) Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)
Percomorpha(basal groups)
Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
Percomorpha
Percomorpha(basal groups)
whalefishes
squirrelfishesdories
seahorses, sticklebacksswamp eels
scorpionfishes, sculpins
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
Perciformes Pleuronectiformes Tetraodontiformes
Exam Format (multiple choice, short answer, short essay)
Phylogenetic Relationships Terms (monophyletic, synapomorphy, catadromous)
Examples of major concepts, relationships & groups “salmon are anadromous…” “two major factors that have contributed to the success of teleosts” “mobile maxilla is important because…”
Journal Articles
Exam I Review
Phylogeny Complete Craniate Phylogeny Know common and scientific names* Start at Hagfishes (Myxiniformes*) End at Percomorpha* (Perch-shaped fishes) Know some examples of component groups
Group Project topics due Thursday 10.11.2012
Exam I Review
Chondrichthyes
Osteichthyes
Sarcopterygii
Actinopterygii
Vertebrates
CRAN
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Complete Phylogeny
Hagfishes Vertebrates
Lampreys Gnathostomes (possess jaws)
- Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes)
- Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes)
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
Complete Phylogeny
Sarcopterygii (lobe fins)
Actinopterygii (ray fins)
- Cladistia (bichirs, reedfish)
- Chondrostei (sturgeons, paddlefishes)
-Holostei (gars, bowfins)
-Teleostei (teleosts, “modern fishes”)
Complete Phylogeny
Holostei (gars, bowfins)
Teleostei (teleosts “modern fishes”)
- Elopomorpha (eels, tarpons, relatives)
- Osteoglossomorpha (bonytongues)
-Clupeomorpha (herrings, shad, relatives)
-Ostariophysi (minnows, catfishes, characins, relatives)
-Protacanthopterygii
Acanthomorpha-Paracanthopterygii-Acanthopterygii
Eute
leos
teiTe
leos
tei
Neo
tele
oste
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Complete Phylogeny
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Complete Phylogeny