Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12
description
Transcript of Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12
![Page 1: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Actinopterygian Relationships IVBiology of Fishes
10.11.12
![Page 2: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Presentation Topics Review (Actinopterygian Relationships III) Actinopterygian Relationships IV : Percomorpha
Overview
![Page 3: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 4: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 5: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 6: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Acanthopterygii
![Page 7: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most diverse group of bony fishes; ~15,000 species Two major synapomorphies
Ascending process – dorsal extension of premaxilla Most highly developed pharyngeal dentition and function based
on new muscle and bone attachments Ctenoid scales Physoclistous gas bladder 2 dorsal fins (1 spiny-rayed, 1 soft-rayed) Pelvic and anal fin spines Pelvic fins forward, pectoral fins laterally positioned
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 8: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Acanthopterygii
![Page 9: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes) Most advanced fishes, dominate shallow productive
habitats of marine and many freshwater environments Controversial phylogeny (follow Nelson 2006)
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 10: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Paracanthopterygii (cods, anglers, cavefishes, relatives)
Acanthopterygii (spiny-finned fishes)
- Mugilomorpha (mullets)
- Atherinomorpha (silversides, flyingfishes, liverbearers and rel.)
-Percomorpha (perch-shaped fishes)
Actinopterygian Relationships
pumpkinseed sunfish
![Page 11: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 12: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Percomorpha (“perch-shaped” fishes) Most advanced clade of fishes ~13,000 species; primarily marine, many successful
freshwater Primary synapomorphy is anteriorly placed pelvic girdle
attached to pectoral girdle directly or via ligament Pelvic fin with anterior spine and 5 soft rays (typically)
Actinopterygian Relationships
![Page 13: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) Zeiformes (dories) Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seahorses) Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives)
Percomorpha(basal groups)
![Page 14: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Percomorpha
![Page 15: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Percomorpha(basal groups)
whalefishes
squirrelfishesdories
seahorses, sticklebacksswamp eels
scorpionfishes, sculpins
![Page 16: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Stephanoberyciformes (whalefishes) ~75 species Deepsea marine fishes Primitive percomorphs, more caudal fin rays (18-19) than
other percomorphs (typically 17)
Percomorpha
![Page 17: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Beryciformes (squirrelfishes) ~144 species Nocturnal marine fishes Large eyes, head; also primitive caudal fin ray number (18-
19) Includes commercially important orange roughy (mature in
20-30 years, live past 150 years)
Percomorpha
![Page 18: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Zeiformes (dories) ~75 species Primitive marine percomorphs Protrusible mouths Not well-classified in percomorpha based on morphologies
Percomorpha
![Page 19: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Gasterosteiformes (sticklebacks, seashorses) ~280 species, primarily marine, small fishes Dermal armor plates, small mouths Sticklebacks very intensely studied (behavior, physiology,
ecology, evolution) Unique reproductive behavior – “pregnant males”
Percomorpha
![Page 20: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Synbranchiformes (swamp eels) ~100 species Primarily freshwater, eel-like fishes Air-breathers Lack most fins, in some cases all fins Invasive species from pet trade
Percomorpha
![Page 21: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Scorpaeniformes (scorpionfishes, sculpins, relatives) ~1500 species, primarily marine fishes Phylogenetic placement in percomorpha debated Many lack scales, possess numerous spines Venomous lionfishes and stonefishes Freshwater sculpins Lumpfish (Cyclopterus) is most advanced
Percomorpha
![Page 22: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Pleuronectiformes (flatfishes) Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives)
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
![Page 23: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Percomorpha
![Page 24: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Percomorpha(advanced groups)
Perciformes Pleuronectiformes Tetraodontiformes
yellow perch
parrotfish flounders & halibuts ocean sunfish
triggerfish
![Page 25: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Perciformes (perch-like fishes) Largest order of vertebrates – 160 families and over 10,000
species; more than 2/3 of all fishes Rapid evolution ~20 million years Marine (gobies, wrasses, seabasses) and freshwater
success (cichlids, croakers, perches/darters) Some of the most recognizable fishes
Percomorpha
![Page 26: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Perciformes
![Page 27: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Pleuronectiformes (flounders, halibuts, relatives) Asymmetrical morphology – both eyes on one side of head Teeth, scales, fins, pigmentation differ between sides Benthic, carnivorous, primarily marine; ~680 species Important food fishes
Percomorpha
![Page 28: Actinopterygian Relationships IV Biology of Fishes 10.11.12](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062305/568163c7550346895dd4fbc6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Tetraodontiformes (puffers, triggerfishes, relatives) “four teeth”; many lack true teeth (possess modified jaw bone) Most derived fishes, reduced bones, fins, morphology; ~360
species Trigger mechanism in trigger/filefishes Cartilaginous elements re-evolved (“come full circle”) tetraodotoxin
Percomorpha