ACH's MBBS YEAR 2 SEMESTER 3 WEEK 8 NOTES

8/10/2019 ACH's MBBS YEAR 2 SEMESTER 3 WEEK 8 NOTES

1/24

NJ\KEND EAHHCIC AJ BCNHPB (NEB)

OLLU [CN\ bt03n6n!$6


2/24

VNPBAHAI[ (OAD@N[)

HNPC \CNEPKADU PA KD:%\[ ND@ KDJHNOONPKAD9

N. Octnlahke rcnetkads= Entnlahke pbnsc=

>. \ksc kd axyicd eadsuoptkad


3/24

ta kdjhnoontkad- +bcd kdjhnoontkad ks prahadic` tbc

sustnkdc` kdercnsc kd tbc scruo eadecdtrntkads aj tbcsc

pratckds hcn`s ta tbc nppcnrndec aj jklrkhhnr ontcrknh

noyhak` kd ondy `kjjcrcdt tkssucs. 'a+c"cr- noyhak`

ks dat n spcekjke pratckds- onkdhy aj hnol`n typc.

d n``ktkad- n bctcraicdcaus eahhcetkad aj noyhak`

typcs saoc aj +bkeb bn"c dat lccd ebnrnetcrksc` nrc

jaud` kd ecrtnkd bcrc`ktnry ar jnokhknh ead`ktkads nd`

ns haenhkc` `cpaskts. (kscnscs nssaekntc` +ktb noyhak`

`cpasktkad=

>. NN)N# noyhak`

k Ebradke kdjcetkads aj hadi stnd`kdi

n. 6ulcreuhasks

l. &radebkcetnskse. 3stcaoychktks

`. #ychadcpbrktks

c. *cprasy

j. :ypbkhks

kk Ebradke kdjhnoontary `ksar`crs

n. \bcuontak` `kscnsc

l. Erabd9s `kscnsc

e. :ystcoke hupus crytbcontasks

`. #ustuhnr psarknsks

kkk Onhkidndt stntcsn. 'a`i,kd9s `kscnsc

l. Enrekdaons aj lhn``cr- ,k`dcy- staoneb- lradebus-

a"nry


4/24

" 7nokhknh eutndcaus noyhak`

0. *aenhksc` noyhak` `cpasktkad

k :cdkhkty

n. 'cnrt

l. &rnkd / nhsa kd Nhbckocr9s `kscnsc

e. shcts aj *ndicrbnds

`. :cokdnh "cskehcs

kk $dàerkdc tuoaurs

n. Ocùhhnry enrekdaon aj tbc tbyrak` NOE6

l. #ktuktnry n`cdaon

e. shct/echh tuoaurs aj tbc pndercns

kkk ad/cdàerkdc tuoaurs

n. nsa/pbnrydicnh enrekdaon

l. &nsnh echh enrekdaonk" d tbc kshcts aj *ndicrbnds kd `knlctcs ochhktus

" 6uoaur/hk,c `cpaskts kd8

n. *nrydx- trnebcn- lradebk- nd` hudi

l. cdkta/urkdnry trnet

e. $yc

`. 6adiuc

c. 'cnrt

j. :,kd

Vntb"&&**9t ks lchkc"c` tbnt noyhak`s nrc praùec` ly pnrtknh

`cirn`ntkad aj prceursar pratckds. (cirn`ntkad aj NN

pratckd tn,cs phnec cktbcr kd cdàtbchknh echhs ar kd

jkxc` onerapbnics aj tbc \$:- pnrtkeuhnrhy kd skdusak`

hkdkdi echhs- nd` tbks ony cxphnkd tbc tcd`cdey jar

noyhak` ta lc `cpasktc` kd rchntkad ta "nseuhnr

lnscocdt ocolrndcs.

6bc nldaronh- ar kdeaophctc- `cirn`ntkad aj tbc

prceursar pratckds ony lc ud`cr tbc kdjhucdec aj n

jurtbcr pratckd sydtbcsksc` ly tbc hk"cr +bkeb bns lccd

tcroc` noyhak` cdbndekdi jnetar N$7. N* noyhak` ks

tbauibt ta nrksc ly pnrtknh `cirn`ntkad aj

kooudaihaluhkd hkibt ebnkds praùec` kd cxecss ly

nldaronh papuhntkads aj phnson echhs.


5/24


6/24

kk #artnh bypcrtcdskad kj kd"ah"cocdt aj tbc ecdtrnh

"ckds hcn`s ta autjha+ alstruetkad

0. 'cnrt (cpasktc` kd8

k :ulcdàenr`knh adc

kk dtcrstktknh eaddcetk"c tkssuc \csuhts kd8

k Enr`kaocinhy nd` enr`kne jnkhurc

kk (ksturlndecs aj rbytbo

!. N`rcdnh ihnd`s. (cpasktc` kd tbc adn ihaocruhasn

nd` tbcd n`"ndecs tbrauibaut tbc eartcx \csuhts kd

N``ksad9s `kscnsc rnrchy

;. nstrakdtcstkdnh trnet (cpasktc` kd8

k 6bc "kekdkty aj cpktbchknh lnscocdt ocolrndcs

kk 2nhhs aj sonhh lhaa` "csschs

kkk Ns phn%ucs kd tbc suloueasn \csuhts kd8

k Oneraihassknkk (yspbnikn acsapbnicnh rkik`kty

kkk Onhnlsarptkad syd`raoc

k" (knrrbacn

" #ratckd/haskdi cdtcrapntby

"k #scuà/alstruetkad

"kk Fhecrntkad aj phn%ucs

?. :,kd 7aros8

k *kebcd noyhakàsks

kk *aenhksc` daùhnr noyhakàsks

J$ En!>nt9

Enhekjkentkad atbcr tbnd tbnt daronhhy aeeurrkdi kd tbc

tcctb nd` s,chctnh systco bctcratrapke enhekjkentkad

ks sccd kd tbc jahha+kdi ekreuostndecs8 >. Nssaekntc`

+ktb n`"ndekdi nic (cpaskts nrc jaud` kd8

k #kdcnh ihnd`

kk 6rnebcnh nd` hnrydicnh enrtkhnics

kkk Eastnh enrtkhnics

k" (urn ontcr


7/24

k" d `cicdcrntc tuoaurs- cspceknhhy utcrkdc

hckaoyaontn jklrak`s

" d ntbcraontaus phn%ucs. d nssaekntkad +ktb

kdercnsc` hc"chs aj enhekuo ar aeenskadnhhy +ktb

kdercnsc` pbaspbntc kd tbc lhaa` nd` tkssucs- usunhhy

`crk"c` jrao tbc s,chctad lut nhsa kd"ah"kdi kdercnsc`

nlsarptkad jrao tbc kdtcstkdc nd` `cercnsc` hass

tbrauib tbc ,k`dcys. :ueb enhekjkentkad aeeurs kd

prc"kaushy daronh tkssucs nd` ks rcjcrrc` ta ns

octnstntke. t ks jaud` kd8

k'ypcrpnrntbyrak`kso.


8/24

OC@KENH UPNPKUPKEU (P%CU@N[)

J&= ;!#"7

Nd nhtcrdntk"c lut hcss eaooad +ny aj khhustrntkdi n

jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkad ks n jrc%ucdey pahyiad. 6bks kspnrtkeuhnrhy uscjuh +bcd eaopnrkdi t+a ar oarc

jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkads ly `rn+kdi tbco ad tbc snoc

`knirno. 6bc pahyiad ks `rn+d ly konikdkdi ar hkibthy

pcdekhkdi tbc bkstairno nd` akdkdi tbc ok`pakdts aj

tbc taps aj kts rcetndihcs. 6bc cd`pakdts aj tbc

rcsuhtkdi hkdc nrc tbcd akdc` ta tbc barkadtnh nxks

nt tbc ok`pakdts aj tbc iraups kooc`kntchy lcha+ nd`

nla"c tbc ha+cst nd` bkibcst dad/cra jrc%ucdekcsrcspcetk"chy.

J&= '*t=t > tb& ;;=!nt7

3ur eadjk`cdec kd `rn+kdi icdcrnh eadehuskads jrao tbc

`ntn `cpcd`s ad ba+ ondy kd`k"k`unhs +crc ocnsurc`. 6bc

hnricr tbc snophc- tbc jkdcr tbc iraupkdi kdtcr"nh tbnt

end lc ebascd- sa tbnt tbc bkstairno ar jrc%ucdey

pahyiad lceaocs soaatbcr nd` oarc ehaschy rcscolhcs

tbc `kstrklutkad aj tbc tatnh papuhntkad. rcsuhtkdi

`knirno +auh` lc n soaatb eur"c.

:bnpcs aj jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkads

E%O%HNPK8C J\C.%CDE[ @KUP\KL%PKADU, .%NDPKHCU ND@

VC\ECDPKHCU7

E=6=!nt?& >&= '*t=t*7

7rc%ucdey `kstrklutkads nd` bkstairnos kd`kentc tbc

+ny `ntn nrc `kstrklutc` a"cr n rndic aj "nhucs- ly

sba+kdi tbc duolcr ar pcrecdtnic aj kd`k"k`unhs +ktbkd

cneb iraup aj "nhucs. Euouhntk"c `kstrklutkads stnrt

jrao tbc ha+cst "nhuc nd` sba+ ba+ tbc duolcr nd`


9/24

pcrecdtnic aj kd`k"k`unhs neeuouhntc ns tbc "nhucs

kdercnsc.

O&'n n' =nt!&*7

Euouhntk"c jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkads nrc uscjuh kdrcea`kdi n duocrkenh "nrknlhc kdta n entciarkenh

"nrknlhc. 6bc oc`knd ks tbc ok`+ny "nhuc= bnhj aj tbc

`kstrklutkad hkcs lcha+ tbc oc`knd nd` bnhj nla"c kt.

O&'n dL>tb )< d duolcr aj alscr"ntkads

H4& =nt!& d L>tb) 0

%;;& =nt!& 5 x dL>tb) 0

Pb& n"&aj tbc `kstrklutkad ks tbc `kjjcrcdec lct+ccd

tbc okdkouo nd` onxkouo "nhucs. 6bc `kjjcrcdec lct+ccd

tbc ha+cr nd` uppcr %unrtkhcs ks ,da+d ns tbc

kdtcr%unrtkhc rndic.

\n"& bkibcst "nhuc / ha+cst "nhuc

Kt&=nt!& n"& uppcr %unrtkhc / ha+cr %unrtkhc

.=nt!&* n' ;&&t!&*7

$%unh/skc` `k"kskads aj n `kstrklutkad nrc enhhc`

%undtkhcs. 7ar cxnophc- +c ony `cjkdc tcrtkhcs- +bkeb

`k"k`c tbc `ntn kdta tbrcc c%unhhy/skc` iraups- nd`

%ukdtkhcs- +bkeb `k"k`c tbco kdta jk"c. Oarc icdcrnhhy-

tbc ,tb pcrecdtkhc ar ecdtkhc ns kt ks nhsa enhhc` ks

tbc pakdt lcha+ +bkeb , aj tbc "nhucs aj tbc`kstrklutkad hkc. 7ar n `kstrklutkad +ktb d

alscr"ntkads- kt ks `cjkdc` ns8

3tb ;&&t!& , x dL>tb) >44.


10/24

VNPBAHAI[ (YC@DCU@N[)

V6n#- ùc ta8

n. N`cdaon

l. 'ypcrphnskn

e. Enrekdaon "cry rnrchy :cead`nry- ùc ta8n. Ebradke rcdnh jnkhurc

l. \cdnh tuluhnr nekàsks

e. Onhnlsarptkad stntcs

`. #rcidndey nd` hnetntkad

kk Enrekdaontasks +ktb ar +ktbaut s,chctnh

kd"ah"cocdt- cspceknhhy +ktb lradebknh nd` lrcnst

endecr.

kkk Oychaontasks

k" @ktnokd ( scdsktk"kty- ns kd snreakàsks nd`

kdjndtkhc bypcrenhencokn

" $xecssk"c nòkdkstrntkad aj "ktnokd (

"k #nict9s `kscnsc aj ladc +bcd kooalkhkc`

"kk 'ypapbaspbntnskn "kkk Okh,/nh,nhk syd`raoc kx

'ypapnrntbyrak`kso `cpaskts kd tbc lnsnh indihkn

Ut&* > 6&tn*tnt n!>nt9

k 1k`dcys- praùekdi dcpbraenhekdasks +bkeb ony hcn`

ta rcdnh jnkhurckk :taoneb

kkk *udis- ad tbc chnstke jklrcs aj tbc nh"cahnr

scptn

k" &haa` "csschs

" Eardcn

0. d enheuhk stadcs Ondy enheuhk kdehu`c enhekuo

snhts noadi tbckr eadstktucdts. Enheuhk nrc jaud` kd8

k Frkdnry trnetn. enhekuo pbaspbntc

l. enhekuo axnhntc

e. enhekuo enrladntc

kk &khknry systco

enhekuo lkhkrulkdntc

kkk :nhk"nry ihnd`s


11/24

k" #ndercns " #rastntc

!. d dcaphnskn. Okeraseapke hnokdntc` enhekjkc` la`kcs

/ enheaspbcrktcs nrc jaud` kd nssaekntkad +ktb8 n.

N`cdaenrekdaon aj tbc a"nry

l. #npkhhnry enrekdaon aj tbc tbyrak`

e. Ocdkdikaon psnooaon la`kcs

`. &cdkid nd` onhkidndt lrcnst hcskads

c. 3hkia`cd`raihkaon

++$ J!='* n' *7

EAOVAUKPKAD7

A*6!n!t#9sahutc eadecdtrntkad pcr ,i +ntcr ks tbc

snoc kd nhh eaopnrtocdts.

>. $xtrnechhuhnr jhuk` $E7 ks skokhnr kd eaopasktkadta phnson lut bns n ha+ pratckd eadtcdt. 6bc prkdekpnh

entkad ks sa`kuo- nd` tbc onar ndkads nrc ebhark`c nd`

lkenrladntc.


12/24

>. @ahuoc eadtrah 6bks ks prkonrkhy ly rciuhntkad aj

tbc rcdnh rc/nlsarptkad aj nL Eh/- nd` +ntcr


13/24

k *nric kdjuskads aj ihueasc sahutkad kd past/

apcrntk"c pntkcdts

kk N`okdkstrntkad aj +ntcr ta pntkcdts +ba nrc sa`kuo

`cphctc`


14/24

&. :a`kuo nd` +ntcr cxecss=

En=*&*7

>. $xecssk"c snht eadsuoptkad- cspceknhhy kd kdjndts >&t*1$xpndskad aj tbc cxtrnechhuhnr eaopnrtocdt ony

hcn` ta icdcrnhkc` ac`con

@KUP%\LNDEC AJ VAPNUUK%O LNHNDEC7

N. #atnsskuo `cphctkad bypa,nhncokn

En=*&*7>. *a+ kdtn,c / tbks ks nd udusunh enusc lut end lc n

eadtrklutary jnetar kd tbc ch`crhy


15/24

kkk @nseuhnr soaatb ousehc hcn`kdi ta bypatcdskad

5. \cdnh

k #ahyurkn `kokdksbc` rcspadsc ta N('

kk (kokdksbc` rcnlsarptkad aj Eh/ nd` kdercnsc`

rcnlsarptkad aj lkenrladntc- hcn`s ta bkib 'E3/5 nd`

ha+ Eh/ kd tbc phnson bypa,nhncoke nh,nhasks

kkk @neuahntkad aj tuluhc/hkdkdi echhs "neuahnr

dcpbrapntby

k" #ychadcpbrktks

L$ Vtn**=6 &F&** (b#;&3n!n&6n)9

En=*&*7Nd kdercnsc` han` kd tbc prcscdec aj `kokdksbc`

rcdnh judetkad

k Neutc rcdnh jnkhurc +ktb ndurknkk Ebradke rcdnh jnkhurc

kkk $xecssk"c patnsskuo n`okdkstrntkad kd tbc

ch`crhy- ar kd snhkdc/`cphctc` pntkcdts- +ktb paar

rcdnh judetkad.


16/24

OC@KENH UPNPKUPKEU (PB%\U@N[)

J&= ;!#"7

Nd nhtcrdntk"c lut hcss eaooad +ny aj khhustrntkdi n

jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkad ks n jrc%ucdey pahyiad. 6bks kspnrtkeuhnrhy uscjuh +bcd eaopnrkdi t+a ar oarc

jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkads ly `rn+kdi tbco ad tbc snoc

`knirno. 6bc pahyiad ks `rn+d ly konikdkdi ar hkibthy

pcdekhkdi tbc bkstairno nd` akdkdi tbc ok`pakdts aj

tbc taps aj kts rcetndihcs. 6bc cd`pakdts aj tbc

rcsuhtkdi hkdc nrc tbcd akdc` ta tbc barkadtnh nxks

nt tbc ok`pakdts aj tbc iraups kooc`kntchy lcha+ nd`

nla"c tbc ha+cst nd` bkibcst dad/cra jrc%ucdekcsrcspcetk"chy.

J&= '*t=t > tb& ;;=!nt7

3ur eadjk`cdec kd `rn+kdi icdcrnh eadehuskads jrao tbc

`ntn `cpcd`s ad ba+ ondy kd`k"k`unhs +crc ocnsurc`. 6bc

hnricr tbc snophc- tbc jkdcr tbc iraupkdi kdtcr"nh tbnt

end lc ebascd- sa tbnt tbc bkstairno ar jrc%ucdey

pahyiad lceaocs soaatbcr nd` oarc ehaschy rcscolhcs

tbc `kstrklutkad aj tbc tatnh papuhntkad. rcsuhtkdi

`knirno +auh` lc n soaatb eur"c.

:bnpcs aj jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkads

E%O%HNPK8C J\C.%CDE[ @KUP\KL%PKADU, .%NDPKHCU ND@

VC\ECDPKHCU7

E=6=!nt?& >&= '*t=t*7

7rc%ucdey `kstrklutkads nd` bkstairnos kd`kentc tbc

+ny `ntn nrc `kstrklutc` a"cr n rndic aj "nhucs- ly

sba+kdi tbc duolcr ar pcrecdtnic aj kd`k"k`unhs +ktbkd

cneb iraup aj "nhucs. Euouhntk"c `kstrklutkads stnrt

jrao tbc ha+cst "nhuc nd` sba+ ba+ tbc duolcr nd`


17/24

pcrecdtnic aj kd`k"k`unhs neeuouhntc ns tbc "nhucs

kdercnsc.

O&'n n' =nt!&*7

Euouhntk"c jrc%ucdey `kstrklutkads nrc uscjuh kdrcea`kdi n duocrkenh "nrknlhc kdta n entciarkenh

"nrknlhc. 6bc oc`knd ks tbc ok`+ny "nhuc= bnhj aj tbc

`kstrklutkad hkcs lcha+ tbc oc`knd nd` bnhj nla"c kt.

O&'n dL>tb )< d duolcr aj alscr"ntkads

H4& =nt!& d L>tb) 0

%;;& =nt!& 5 x dL>tb) 0

Pb& n"&aj tbc `kstrklutkad ks tbc `kjjcrcdec lct+ccd

tbc okdkouo nd` onxkouo "nhucs. 6bc `kjjcrcdec lct+ccd

tbc ha+cr nd` uppcr %unrtkhcs ks ,da+d ns tbc

kdtcr%unrtkhc rndic.

\n"& bkibcst "nhuc / ha+cst "nhuc

Kt&=nt!& n"& uppcr %unrtkhc / ha+cr %unrtkhc

.=nt!&* n' ;&&t!&*7

$%unh/skc` `k"kskads aj n `kstrklutkad nrc enhhc`

%undtkhcs. 7ar cxnophc- +c ony `cjkdc tcrtkhcs- +bkeb

`k"k`c tbc `ntn kdta tbrcc c%unhhy/skc` iraups- nd`

%ukdtkhcs- +bkeb `k"k`c tbco kdta jk"c. Oarc icdcrnhhy-

tbc ,tb pcrecdtkhc ar ecdtkhc ns kt ks nhsa enhhc` ks

tbc pakdt lcha+ +bkeb , aj tbc "nhucs aj tbc`kstrklutkad hkc. 7ar n `kstrklutkad +ktb d

alscr"ntkads- kt ks `cjkdc` ns8

3tb ;&&t!& , x dL>tb) >44.


18/24

VNPBAHAI[ (J\K@N[)

C>>&t*7

>. Enr`kne nrrbytbokns


19/24

n. 7nkhurc aj nek`kjkentkad kd tbc `kstnh tuluhc

l. 7nkhurc aj 'E3/5 rcnlsarptkad kd tbc praxkonh tuluhc

kkk Frctcra/eahke ndnstaoasks njtcr rcoa"nh aj tbc

lhn``cr hcn`s ta kdercnsc` / nlsarptkad aj Eh/ jrao

tbc eahad kd cxebndic jar 'E3/5

C>>&t* > n'**9

>. (ccp- rnpk` rcspkrntkads 9nkr/budicr9

. $xecssk"c hass aj instrke nek`

k #crskstcdt "aoktkdikk Eadtkduaus suetkad

>&t*7

>. \cspkrntary `cprcsskad

.4.4>


20/24

oa"c jhuk` aut aj tbc "csschs nd` tbasc tcd`kdi ta

rctnkd kt +ktbkd tbco. $"cd +bcd cxecssk"c %undtktkcs

aj jhuk` nrc pnsskdi aut aj "csschs- kdercnsc`

hyopbntke `rnkdnic ony prc"cdt tbc nppcnrndec aj

ac`con. Ead"crschy- hyopbntke alstruetkad ony ktschj

pra`uec ac`con +bcd tbc atbcr jnetars nrc nt daronh

hc"chs. 3c`con ony lc icdcrnhkc` ar haenhksc`.

N$ I&&n!*&' &'&6n9

>. dercnsc` by`rastntke prcssurc aj tbc lhaa`

k Enr`kne jnkhurc


21/24

k *ass aj chnstkekty +ktb nic

kk Ebndic kd tbc iraud` sulstndec- c.i. rcd`crc` oarc

sahulhc ly eartkeastcrak`s kd Eusbkdi9s syd`raoc

L$ +$ Hn!*&' &'&6n=

dercnsc` by`rastntke prcssurc aj tbc lhaa` `uc ta8

k @cdaus alstruetkad

n. @cdaus tbraolasks

l. :trndiuhntkad

e. $xtcrdnh prcssurc ad "ckds

rn"k` utcrus *kinturcs)taurdk%ucts 6uoaur`. 'cpntke ekrrbasks partnh bypcrtcdskad

kk rn"kty- c.i. nd,hc ac`con njtcr prahadic`

stnd`kdi


22/24

En=*&*7

>. \nksc` hcjt ntrknh prcssurc

k *@7

kk Oktrnh stcdasks


23/24

eadicstkad nd` ud`cr/pcrjuskad aj tbc systcoke

ekreuhntkad. 7rc%ucdthy- latb "cdtrkehcs nrc kd"ah"c`

nd` n stntc aj eadicstk"c enr`kne jnkhurc rcsuhts.

\kibt "cdtrkeuhnr jnkhurc \@7.

En=*&*9

>. :cead`nry ta hcjt "cdtrkeuhnr jnkhurc

>&t* > \8J7

>. *k"cr

k 'cpntaocinhy

kk 9utoci9 nppcnrndec `uc ta

n. Ecdtrkhaluhnr eadicstkad nd` ntrapby aj hk"cr echhs

l. #crkpbcrnh jntty ebndic rcsuhtkdi jrao bypaxkn kkk

Ecdtrkhaluhnr dcerasks kd sc"crc- neutc eadicstkad

k" Ecdtrkhaluhnr jklrasks kd prahadic` ebradke

"cdaus eadicstkad +bkeb ony hkd, up nd` ik"c n jnhsckoprcsskad aj ekrrbasks. N truc 9enr`kne9 ekrrbasks-

+ktb rcicdcrntk"c da`uhcs- ks rnrc


24/24

0. 3c`con aj tbc suleutndcaus tkssucs/onkdhy kd tbc

`cpcd`cdt pnrts aj tbc la`y

!. &rnkd

k Eadicstkad

kk 'ypaxkn Nsektcs `uc ta partnh eadicstkad *cjt

"cdtrkeuhnr jnkhurc *@7

En=*&*9

>. :ystcoke bypcrtcdskad

ACH's MBBS YEAR 2 SEMESTER 3 WEEK 8 NOTES

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Transcript of ACH's MBBS YEAR 2 SEMESTER 3 WEEK 8 NOTES