Accountability in climate change initiatives – kerbside CO 2 monitoring Ben Barratt, King’s...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of Accountability in climate change initiatives – kerbside CO 2 monitoring Ben Barratt, King’s...
Accountability in climate change initiatives –
kerbside CO2 monitoring
Ben Barratt, King’s College London
APRIL Greenhouse Gas Group
December 2009
Aims of the presentation
• The problem – why do we need kerbside CO2 monitoring?:− Emissions model validation− Accountability
• A solution− Kerbside monitoring trial− A CO2 monitoring network for London
• The way forward:− Analysis methods− Funding− Integration / co-ordination
2
1. Model Validation
• Detailed LAEI used for CO2 emissions scenario testing for TfL.
• Modelling toolkit to produce high resolution (2x2m) output.
3
• Validation with monitoring data essential part of process.
• Mapped CO2 outputs
possible, but not robust without measurement validation.
1. Model Validation
4
• Decreases in NOX, NO2 and PM10 predicted by NAEI and LAEI
have halted (common across Europe).
• CO2 emissions predictions may also be wrong.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
NO
x o
bse
rvat
ion
s, p
pb
NO
xem
issi
on
s, k
ton
nes
/yr
UK Urban Road Transport NOx emissions
NAEI
Observations,ppb
2. Accountability
5
• Isolation and quantification of affects of transport initiatives (GG and non-GG) on London’s CO2 concentrations.
• Increasingly advanced analysis techniques used to separate influencing factors.
• Relies on high quality monitoring data at a range of comparable monitoring sites, including ‘control’ sites.
• Monitoring must be in place well before intervention.
2. Accountability
6
• How strong is the traffic signal?
2. Accountability
7
• How strong is the traffic signal? > 200 ppb NOx
2. Accountability
8
• Local sources of CO2 have to be isolated from non-local.
370
390
410
430
450
470
490
510
530
550
26/03/2009 12:00
27/03/2009 12:00
28/03/2009 12:00
29/03/2009 12:00
30/03/2009 12:00
31/03/2009 12:00
01/04/2009 12:00
02/04/2009 12:00
15 m
inut
e m
ean
CO2
conc
entr
ation
/ pp
m
Rural (Silwood Park) Central London kerbside
3. An urban CO2 monitoring network
9
• A proposed network of ground-level fixed permanent CO2
monitors.• Monitors co-located with existing comprehensive pollution
monitoring sites, including met and classified traffic data.• Primarily roadside, but also urban background and rural.• Instrumentation must be affordable, reliable (>90% annual
data capture), stable, responsive.• Operated to defined QA/QC standards – temporally and
spatially comparable.
3. Kerbside analyser trial
10
Model Technique Deployment period ‘Valid’ data capture (%)
Monitor Labs 9820
IR Absn. 7 months 90.3
API 360 IR Absn. 8 weeks 80.6
Synspec GC 7 weeks 98.5
Licor 820 IR 4 months 47.6
4. The way forward
11
• Funding− Has to be long term− TfL, Defra− Clearflo− Marylebone Road KCL-funded permanent Li-cor
• Transferral and application of analysis methods.• Co-ordination with other measurements (tower, flux etc).
12