PHYTOCHEMICAL AND

ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF

ACALYPHA FRUTICOSA

DEPT. O F BIOSCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

FAKIR MOHAN UNIVERSITY, BALASORE,ODISHA

. INTRODUCTION

. COMMON MEDICINAL PLANTS

. PLANT IDENTIFICATION

. METHOD OF DRUG PREPARATION

. ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY

. RESULTS

. DICUSSION

. REFERENCES

.Herbalism is a traditional medicine based on the use of plants

and plant parts.

.Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural

sources.

.Many plants synthesize substances that are useful to the

maintenance of health in humans and other animal.

. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 4

billion people, 80% of the world population, presently use herbal

medicine for some aspect of primary health care.

. The most important of these bioactive constituents of plants are

alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and phenolic compounds.

.Aloevera has traditionally been used for the healing of burns and

wounds.

. Agaricus blazei mushrooms may prevent some types of cancer.

. Black raspberry may have a role in preventing oral cancer.

. Feverfew is sometimes used to treat migraine headaches.

.Garlic may lower total cholesterol levels.

. Ginger effectively decreased nausea and vomiting of pregnancy

in a human.

. Grapefruit components may prevent obesity.

Garlic (Allium sativum) may lower total cholesterol levels

PLANT

.Systematic position of

Acalypha fruticosa

Class : Dicotyledons

Series : Uni sexuales

Family : Euphorbiaceae

Genus : Acalypha

Species : fruticosa

.

Acalypha fructicosa

upto 2-3 cm leaves

ovate, 1-5 x 0.5-3 cm,

base truncate to

rounded, glandular

below, margin

crenate to dentate

apex gradually.

Preparation of leaf powder

.The collected leaves were washed, shade dried at room

temperature and then milled into coarse powder by a mechanical

grinder.

Preparation of drugs (aqueous extract)

.Leaf powder, was boiled in distilled water after filtration

whatmann no-40 filter paper the extract was evaporated to dryness

by slow heating and continuous drying in a water bath.

.The residue was collected, it is considered as drug.

. Phytochemical analysis of Acalypha fruticosa leaf extracts done

by various tests.

Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus pyogenes

Staphylococcus

epidermidis Proteus vulgaris

E.coliCandida albicans

.Obtained from National Chemical Laboratory (NCL) pune, India.

.The aqueous extracts of leaf were screened for their

antimicrobial activity by disc diffusion method.

.The aqueous extracts of leaf of Acalypha fructicosa were found to

antimicrobial activity at 100mg/ml conc.

.Gentamycin and col-trimazole was used as standard antibiotic

disc (10mcg).

.A suitable dilution of broth culture or a broth suspension of the

test organism is flooded on the surface of the solid medium

(nutrient agar).

.The plate is tilted to ensure uniform spreading of the cross broth

is poured off. After drying the plate (37 degree Celsius for 30 min)

antibiotic discs 6 mm in diameter and charged with appropriate

conc. Of the drugs are applied with sterile forceps.

.After overnight incubation, the degree of sensitivity is

determined by measuring the zones of inhibition of growth

around the discs.

.Growth will be inhibited around discs containing antibiotics

to which the bacterium is susceptible but not around those to

which it is resistant.

.The diameter of zone of inhibition is influenced by a Varity of

factors such as diffusibility of the drug, disc concentration,

nature and conc. Of the medium, its thickness pH, time of

incubation etc.

.Its there for necessary standardize all the variables. Its also

necessary to check the potency of the disc periodically using

as control, a standard bacterium of known sensitivity.

.The results are reported as sensitive , moderately sensitive

or resistant to the different drugs as per inhibition zone

diameter in mm.

Phytochemical analysis

.Phytochemical analysis of Acalypha fruticosa leaf extracts, in

this analysis alkaloids, carbohydrates, phytosterols, gums-

mucilage and saponins were presented.

.The fixed oils, fats, phenolic compounds, tannins, lignin, protein

and amino acids were absent.

Antimicrobial activity

.In the present study acalypha fruticosa antimicrobial activity was

analysed by disc diffusion method against some clinical

pathogenic microbes such as gram positive Staphylococcus

aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and

gram negative bacteria such as Proteus vulgaris, E.coli, and one

fungal sp candida albicans.

.The results were presented in table.

SL.NO

TEST MICROORGANISM

Diameter of zone inhibition (mm) 50µl/disc

Standard drug Zoneinhibition

1. Staphylococcus aureus 10±0.87 18

2. Staphylococcus

epidermidis

10±0.52 24

3. Streptococcus

pyogenes

14±0.88 20

4. E.coli 12±0.94 20

5. Proteus vulgaris 14±0.42 28

6. Candida albicans 8±0.62 10

.The phytochemical screening and quantitative estimation of the

percentage crude yields of chemicals constituents of the plants

studied showed that the leaves and stems were rich in alkaloids,

flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. They were known to medicinal

activity (Sofawera, 1993).

.The presence of these phytochemical in the investigated

medicinal plants would be responsible for the antimicrobial

activity of the extracts.

.Finally concluded that the medicinal plant studied can be seen

as a potential source of useful drugs. The plant extracts used as

antimicrobial agent for destroying the pathogenic organisms and

also used curing number of diseases.

Anonymous, 1996. The wealth of india. National institute of science

communication, CSIR, New Delhi, India, 34-35.

Duraipandiyan, V., M. Ayyanarand and S Ignacimuthu., 2006.

Antimicrobial activity of some ethanomedicinal plants used by

paliyar tribe from Tamil nadu, india. BMC Complement Altern Med,

17:635.

Farnsworth, N.R., 1994. Ethanopharmacology and drug development

in prance. In ethnobotany and the search for new drugs, prance,

G.T.(ed), Wilcy, Chichester, Ciba Foundation: 42-59.

Ghosh, T., T.K. maity., A.bose., D.K. Dash and M.Das., 2006. Astudy

on antimicrobial activity of Bacopa monnieri Linn. Ariel plants. J.

Natural remedes., (2): 170-173

Gutierrez-Lugo, M.T., M.P. Singh., W.M. Maiese and B.N.

Timmermann., 2002. New antimicrobial cycloartane triterpenes

from Acalypha communis. J Nat Prod., 65:8725

Hill,A.F., 1952. Economic Botany. A text book of useful plants and

plant products. 2nd

edn. McGraw-Hill book Company Inc, New York.

Kokate, C.K. 1994. Practical Pharmacognosy, Vallabh Prakashan,

Kakatiya university, Warangal, A.P., India. 109-114.

Lina Deodhar. 1998. Practical Medical Microbiology a hand book.

20-21.

Masilamani, G., 1997. Some of the useful herbs for snake-bite

practiced by Gounda trib of tamilnadu, Bulletin of Medico-

Ethanobotanical research, 18(3-4):117-122.

Mathew, K.M., 1981. Materials for a flora of the Tamil Nadu

carnatic, 1406.

Okwu, D.E., 1999. Flavouring properties of species on Cassava

fufu. Afr. J.Roots Tuber Crops., 3(2): 19-21.

Saraswathy, A., P. Brindha and M. Pappa., 2003. Quality control

studies chinni and its adulterant/substitute. Proceeding of First

National Interactive Meet on Medicinal and Aromatic plants,

CIMAP, Luknow, UP, India.

Supriya Kumar Bhattacharjee., 1998. Hand book of medicinal

plants, Pointer publishers, S.M.S. Highway, Jaipur, 258.

Wiart, C., A. Hannah., M. Yassim., H. Hamimah and M. Sulaiman.,

2004. Antimicrobial activity of Acalypha siamensis Oliv. Ex Gage. J

Ethanopharmacol., 95: 2856.

www.advancedbiotecch.in

www.google.co.in

SAVE PLANT SAVE LIFE

… … … THANK YOU