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Transcript of ACADEMIC WRITING I Class 3 March 11, 2014. Today - Sentence structure (continued) - Introduction to...
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ACADEMIC WRITING IClass 3
March 11, 2014
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Today
- Sentence structure (continued)
- Introduction to paragraphs
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Key terms
Sentence: A complete idea/thought consisting of at least one noun (subject) and one verb.
Noun: Germany, dog, ice cream, people
Verb: go, fight, watch
Adjective: big, wonderful, terrible, amazing
Adverb: very, quietly, carefully, loudly
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Key termsClause: A group of words that contains at least one subject and one verb.
i.e., Anna left the party early.
Independent clause: A clause that can be a sentence by itself (a bicycle).
i.e., Anna left the party early. Hold the cat’s mouth closed.
Dependent clause: A clause that cannot be a sentence by itself because its meaning is not complete (a basket).
i.e., …because she was tired.
before she bites me.
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Sentence Review
Students studied.
Students in the biology lab studied sharks in the ocean.
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Sentence review• Regardless of how much detail we add, the wheels give
the same kind of information.
• The subject tells us who or what.
• The predicate tells us what about it.
Who or what? What about it?
Tony loves pizza.
Companies benefit from customer loyalty.
Efficient train service will decrease traffic problems.
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Sentence Review: Dependent Clauses
When the music began
Everyone started to dance.
When the music began, everyone started to dance.
dependent clause
independent clause
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Dependent Clauses
We can place these baskets on the front of a bike.
As soon as it stopped raining, we saw a double rainbow.
When we need a quiet place to study, we go to the library.
Because I registered early, I got the classes I wanted.
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Dependent Clauses
We can also place them on the back of a bike.
We saw a double rainbow as soon as it stopped raining.
I got the classes I wanted because I registered early.
We go to the library when we need a quiet place to study.
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Dependent Clauses – relative pronouns
These baskets go after the word they describe. Sometimes they’re in the middle of the bike.
Frank, who works part-time,will be our guide.
The new fitness center, which includes a swimming pool, will open in February.
The car that is parked in my driveway is Henry’s.
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Dependent Clauses – relative pronouns
Sometimes they are on the back of the bike.
Karen likes books that have a happy ending.
We are making pasta for Tim, who does not eat meat.
I have tickets to the jazz festival, which begins at noon.
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Remember…
A basket can’t do anything by itself.
I ate lunch as soon as I got home.
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Sentence Review
Make sure you read Slides 30 – 44 from last Friday’s PowerPoint (we did look at them in class).
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Ice cream is a good food. I like to eat ice cream. Ice cream is delicious in summer. Summer is hot. Eating ice cream in summer is cool. Let’s eat ice cream.
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Types of Sentences
- Simple sentence
- Compound sentence
- Complex sentence
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Types of Sentences
Simple sentence
A group of words that:
a) Contains at least one subject and one verb
and
b) Expresses a complete thought
i.e., Airplanes changed how people travel.
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Types of Sentences
Simple sentence
Four basic formulas
S = subject, V = verb
1. S V
The Harry Potter movies were international hits.
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Types of Sentences
Simple sentence
The Harry Potter movies were international hits.
2. S S V
Young people and adults enjoyed the them.
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Types of Sentences
Simple sentence
The Harry Potter movies were international hits.
Young people and adults enjoyed the them.
3. S V V
The films entertained and thrilled audiences everywhere.
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Types of Sentences
Simple sentence
The Harry Potter movies were international hits.
Young people and adults enjoyed the them.
The films entertained and thrilled audiences everywhere.
4. S S V V
Harry Potter and his friends battled evil and made us laugh at the same time.
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Types of Sentences
Compound sentence
- A sentence composed of at least two simple sentences joined by a comma (, ) and a coordinating conjunction.
- Seven (7) coordinating conjunctions are:
and, but, so, or, for, nor, yet
Basic Formula: S V coord. conj. S V
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Types of Sentences
Compound sentence
- A sentence composed of at least two simple sentences joined by a comma (, ) and a coordinating conjunction.
Basic Formula: S V coord. conj. S V
i.e.,
The gold disappeared with the mice, so the greedy man got nothing.
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Types of Sentences
Compound sentence
More examples:
He dropped a rice ball, and it rolled into a hole in the ground.
They were happy, but they were poor.
He could choose a big box, or he could choose a small one.
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Types of Sentences
Complex sentence
- A combination of one independent clause and one (or more) dependent clause(s).
i.e.,
Anna left the party early because she was tired.
After it stopped raining, we went outside.
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Types of Sentences
A good writer uses a variety of sentence types in each paragraph and each essay.
- We will look at this in a later class.
For now, remember:
- Do not only use simple sentences.
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Paragraph = a group of sentences
It’s hot out today. Chickens are crazy. I think I will do my homework. Surfing is fun.
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Paragraphs
A paragraph is…?!
- Several sentences grouped together.
- These sentences discuss one main subject.
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Paragraph Structure
A paragraph is a lot like…
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Writing Paragraphs
Parts of a Paragraph:
- Topic sentence
- Supporting details (Development)
- Concluding sentence
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Topic sentence
States the main idea of the paragraph.
• Clearly states the topic and the controlling idea of the paragraph.
• Gives only main idea(s). No specific details.
• Must contain at least one subject and one verb.
• Is usually the first sentence in a paragraph.
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Topic sentence
Topic names the subject of the sentence.
Controlling idea limits or controls the topic to a specific area.
• Convenience foods are easy to prepare.
• There are several advantages to growing up in a big city.
• Driving on the highway requires strong nerves and aggressiveness.
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Topic sentence
Do not include too many ideas.
• Independent films are characterized by experimental techniques, low production costs, and provocative themes.
VS.
• Independent films are characterized by experimental techniques.
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Examples• English has been influenced by other languages.
• The slang expression so long (meaning “good bye”) is probably a corruption of the Arabic salaam.
• The Arabic origins of many English words are not always obvious.
too general
too specific
Just right
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Topic sentence
States the main idea of the paragraph.
e.g.)
“Writing an essay is a complicated process.”
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Supporting details- Explanation of the controlling idea.
- Examples/Evidence.
-explanation of evidence.
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Explanation• The writer's explanation of his/her thinking about the main
topic, idea, or focus of the paragraph.
• Paragraph development continues with an expression of the rationale or the explanation that the writer gives for how the reader should interpret the information presented in the topic sentence.
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Explanation
“A writer cannot simply start typing on a keyboard and expect an excellent product as a result. In fact, writing a high-quality essay requires a time investment and several steps.”
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Example/ Evidence• The evidence serves as a sign or representation of the
relationship established in the idea and explanation portions of the paragraph.
• Paragraph development progresses with the expression of some type of support or evidence for the idea and the explanation that came before it
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Example/ Evidence
“For example, before writing an essay about a chosen topic, the writer must research the topic and make a formal outline of the essay.”
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Explanation (of example)• The reasoning behind why you chose to use this (or these)
particular evidence to support the major claim of your paragraph.
• NONE of your examples should be left unexplained
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Explanation (of example)
“These initial steps of the writing process can take hours or days, and the writer may not even have started a first draft, yet.”
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Conclusion• A review for your reader about the relevance of the
information that you just discussed in the paragraph.
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Conclusion
“Indeed, writing can be a difficult, time-consuming activity.”
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Example Paragraph 3
“Learning how to turn in homework assignments on time is one of the most valuable skills that college students can take with them into the working world.”
Assignment:
Find: Explanation, evidence, explanation of evidence, and conclusion.
Label each part.
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Assignment ‘Who (or what) is responsible for the events in this film?’
Write a paragraph in response to this question:
- Topic sentence
- One piece of evidence
- Remember to clearly explain this evidence!
REVIEW THE ppt. FIRST
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‘Who (or what) is responsible for the events in this film?’
Write a paragraph in response to this question:
- Topic sentence
i.e., An invisible wizard is responsible for the events in this movie.
- Explain the topic sentence (Explanation)
- Provide an example from the movie to support my explanation (Evidence)
- Explain how my example relates to my topic sentence (Explanation of evidence)
- Concluding statement
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Assignment
Submit to: [email protected]
Subject: AWI paragraph assign
File name: NAME_AWI paragraph
kimjinsu_AWI paragaph
Deadline: Tuesday March 18 (11:59 pm)