Abstracts of Papers and Posters - Welcome to ICES Doccuments/CM-2010/2010 Abstracts/2010... ·...

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AbstractsofPapersandPostersSubmittedtothe2010AnnualScienceConferencepriorto15April2010

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90| AbstractsThemeSessionA

ThemeSessionA

Operationaloceanographyforfisheriesandenvironmentalapplications

ICESCM2010/A:01

ThefateofwinterflounderlarvaespawnedincoastalwatersoftheGulfofMaine

GregDeCelles,StevenCadrin,andGeoffCowles

Historically,winterflounder(Pseudopleuronectesamericanus)intheGulfofMainewereconsideredtobeobligateestuarinespawners.Thisspawningstrategyisthoughttopromotetheformationofrelatively isolated subpopulations of flounder in estuaries and bays along the coast. Recentevidence, however, has documented the presence of contingent groups ofwinter flounder thatspawn in coastal, rather than estuarine habitats. Although it is likely that coastal spawningincreasesgeneflowandconnectivitybetweenmetapopulations,thetransportoflarvaeoriginatingin coastalwatershasnot been studied todate.To address thisquestion, a coupled biophysicalindividualbasedmodelisbeingusedtotrackthetransportanddevelopmentoflarvaespawnedinthreecoastalregionsof theGulfofMaine.Velocitydatageneratedby theFiniteVolumeCoastalOceanModel(FVCOM)isbeingusedtosimulatetheLagrangiantrajectoryofeachlarvawithinthephysicaldomain over aperiod of 60days. Settlement success is calculated as the average timespentbyeachparticleinsuitablehabitats(waters


thatarethemajorfactorintheformationofyearclassesofcodmightbeconsideredanadditionalfisheryforecastingpossibilitybyensuringpredictionstwoyearsinadvance.

Keywords:anomaliesofSST,NortheastArcticcod,recruitment,satellitedata,strengthofyearclasses.

Contactauthor:G.P.Vanyushin,AllRussiaResearchInstituteofFisheriesandOceanography(VNIRO),Moscow,Russia[email:[email protected]].

ICESCM2010/A:03 Poster

Predictingthebluefintunahabitatfromspace:anothertoolforthefuturemanagementandcontrolofpelagicfisheries

JeanNolDruon

Thebluefin tunahabitat in theMediterraneanSea ismappedusingdailyseasurfacechlorophylland temperature from satellite remote sensors.Fishdemonstrate twomainbehavioursfeedingand spawningwhichare explored in thehabitatmodel.The feedinghabitat isassociatedwithoceanic frontsof temperature and chlorophyllwhile the spawninghabitat is characterized by astable surface layer during spring (surface heating). The use of habitat mapping in fisherymanagement couldopenup restrictedgrounds to fishing inorder topreserve the resource (e.g.avoiding spawning areas). Increasing the fleet concentrationwould increase the efficiencywithwhich it could be controlled by traditionalmeans or radar imagery (vessel detection systems).While protecting the resource, the near realtime habitatmapswould guide fishers to the bestfishingground in theopenarea, significantly reducingvariable costs (fuel,mandaysat sea). Inaddition, the model applied to a decade of satellite data provides valuable statistics for thescientificcommunityonthepreferredhabitatsofthishighlymigratoryspecies.AlthoughthefirstspeciestobestudiedistheemblematicbluefintunaintheMediterraneanSea,whichisendangeredbyoverfishing, theapproach is transposable tomost temperateand tropicalpelagicspecies fromforagefishtotoppredators.

Keywords:bluefintuna,chlorophyll,control,chlorophyll,fisheries,habitatmapping,management,SST.

Contactauthor:JeanNolDruon,JointResearchCenteoftheEuropeanCommission,InstitutefortheProtectionandSecurity of the Citizen, Maritime Affairs Unit, Via Fermi, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy email: [email protected].

ICESCM2010/A:04

Towardsoperationalmanagementofpelagicecosystems

Patrick Lehodey, Inna Senina, Beatriz Calmettes, Francois Royer, Philippe Gaspar, MlanieAbcassis,JeffreyPolovina,DeniseParker,RkaDomokos,OlgaHernandez,MorganeDessert,RudyKloser,JockYoung,MollyLutcavage,NilsOlavHandegard,andJohnHampton

Satellitedata and operational oceanmodels provide the necessary inputs for ecosystemmodels of thelowertomidanduppertrophiclevels.Onekeyexplanatoryvariablethatisusuallymissingbutimportantforanunderstandingofthedynamicsofkeyexploitedorprotectedmarinespeciesisthedynamicofthemicronekton that is at themidtrophic level (MTL) in the ecosystem.This includes both prey of largepredatorsandpredatorsofeggsandlarvaeoffish.Wepresentthedevelopmentofanoperationalmodelofmidtrophic functional groups driven by physical and biogeochemical variables. Once a reasonablepredictionofMTLorganismsisachieved,thenumberofapplicationsfornearrealtimemanagementandmonitoringofmarine ecosystemsand resources should increase rapidly,as illustratedby the examplesprovided here.This includes the prediction of feeding and spawning habitats formany exploited andprotected species, theirmovements and spatialdistributions, and theirpopulationdynamicsunder thecombined effects of natural (climate variability) and anthropogenic forcings (fishing, climatewarming).Keywords:climate,ecosystem,fisheries,habitat,management,micronekton,operationalmodel,oceanforecast,populationdynamics.

Contact author:P.Lehodey,MEMMS (MarineEcosystemsModeling andMonitoring bySatellites),CLS,SpaceOceanographyDivision,810rueHermes,31520Ramonville,Francetel:+33561393770,email:[email protected].


ICESCM2010/A:05

OceanographicmodellingproductsasadecisionsupporttotheIrishaquaculturesector

GlennNolan,KieranLyons,NeilRuane,DavidJackson,JoeSilke,andRobinRaine

Ashighresolutionphysicalcirculationmodels inIrishwatershave improved, there isagrowingdemand for operational outputs and products from thesemodels. A regional physicalmodel(ROMS)producesa7dayforecastforIrishwatersdaily.Severalnestedmodelswithahorizontalresolutionofseveralhundredmetreshavebeendeveloped forcoastalareassuchasConnemara,Bantry,andKillaryHarbour.Severalapplicationshavebeenbasedonforecastandhindcastmodeloutput to date. Model flowfields that include the effects of river discharges, meteorologicalconditions, and wider field oceanographic conditions have been used to accurately defineepidemiologicalunits around individual finfish aquaculture sites. In the event of a fishdiseaseoutbreak,thisinformationsupportsdecisionmakingregardingmovementoffishandfallowingofsites. In forecast mode, this tool will be used as a realtime decision support tool for theaquaculture industry. Similarly, models have been used in hindcast mode to examine thedistribution and transport of sea lice between salmon farming sites.Varying resolutionmodelshavebeen compared toassess theaccuracyofhindcastsandpredictionsunderdifferent forcingconditions.Finally,modelcurrentsareusedtohindcastharmfulalgalbloomeventsoffsouthwestIrelandin2009toexaminetransittimesofharmfulalgaefrominoculationareasintheCelticSeatoshellfish and finfish sites in Bantry Bay. This complements a shortrangemodel developed forBantrybasedonshiftsinwinddirectionthataccuratelypredictstheonsetoftoxicalgaleventsinseveralpreviousyears.

Keywords:fishdisease,forecasting,HABs,Ireland,oceanographicproducts,sealice.

Contactauthor:GlennNolan,OceanographicServices,MarineInstitute,Rinville,Oranmore,Galway,Ireland.

ICESCM2010/A:06

A 38yearshindcastof a coupledphysicalbiogeochemicalmodel and itsuse for fisheriesoceanographyintheBayofBiscay

M.Huret,P.Petitgas,F.Lger,C.Struski,M.Sourisseau,andP.Lazure

Overexploitation and climate change are increasingly causing unanticipated changes inmarineecosystems,suchashighervariabilityinfishrecruitmentandshiftsinspeciesdistribution,leadingtoapressingneedtodevelopfisheriesoceanography.Inthemeantime,operationaloceanographyis progressing rapidly and its products are becoming easy to access for a large community,including fishery scientists.We performed a 38 years hindcast (19722009) runwith a coupledphysicalbiogeochemicalmodel(ECOMARS3DofIfremer)overtheBayofBiscay,usingrealisticmeteorological and runoff forcing.We first describe themodel, as well as indices that werederivedaspotentialdriversoffishpopulations.Theserelatetomesoscaleactivity(eddies,plumes,fronts,stratification)orbiologicalproduction(chlorophyllandzooplanktonconcentration,primaryproduction), and all refer to the Bakuns triad: enrichment, concentration, retention.We thenreview theuse of this hindcast in relation to anchovy life cycle in theBay ofBiscay. First, theenvironmental timeserieswasused to forcehigher trophic levelmodels.Thephysicalbiologicalenvironment was needed either for transport of early life stages of fish, for larval growth inindividualbasedmodel, or for adult growth and reproductionwith a dynamic energy budgetmodel.Second,thehindcastcanbeusedtoderivefishhabitatsfromstatisticalregressionofeggsoradult field distribution on environment covariates, and then extrapolate over simulated years.Third,weintegratedtheenvironmentvariablesandindicesoverappropriateareasandperiodsinrelation to the anchovy life cycle, and tested their ability to explain recruitmentwith quantileregression.

Keywords:BayofBiscay,coupledmodel,Engraulisencrasicolus,fisheriesoceanography,hindcast.

Contactauthor:MartinHuret,1 Ifremer,CentredeNantes,BP21105,44311Cedex03,Nantes,France email:[email protected].


ICESCM2010/A:07

The ICESWGOOFEQuestionnairedefiningoceanographic requirements in the fisheriesandenvironmentalcommunities

BeeBerx,MarkDickeyCollas,andMortenSkogen

AlthoughtheICEScommunityisquiteoperationalinhowitusesfisheriesdataforadvice,theICESCouncil has realized it ismuch less sowhen it comes to the use of environmental data in itsapplicationtowardsachievinganecosystemapproachtomanagement.TheWorkingGrouponOperationalOceanographicproductsforFisheriesandEnvironment(WGOOFE)wasestablishedtoaddressthisbyactingasan interfacebetweentheproducersofoceanographicdataproductsandpotential users from across the ICES community. Although the providers produce manyoperationalproducts,theyhaveapproachedWGOOFEforguidanceontherequirementsofusers.Inordertoinformitsrecommendations,WGOOFElaunchedaquestionnaireforICESscientiststocomplete. The survey contained questions on the desired oceanographic parameters, the idealtemporal and spatial resolution, and the deliverymethod, format, and timescales. Participantswerealsoaskedafewshortquestionsontheirbackgroundandabilities.Intotal,100surveyswerecompleted by scientists frommany different disciplines.Despite thismix of backgrounds, theresultsdemonstratethattheICEScommunitywouldpreferoceanographicdatatobedeliveredinaneasyaccessformatwithfree,quick,andreliabledelivery.ICESscientistsdidnotwantformatscommonlyusedinthemeteorologyoroceanographydisciplines.Despitethelargeamountofeffortbeingexpendedcurrentlytoproducerealtimeandforecastdataproductsathighresolution,mostinterestfromtheICESworldisreservedforhistorictimeseriesofdataatarangeofresolutions.ItwasalsoclearthatWGOOFEitselfhadnotrankedtheoceanographicparametersinamannerthatcompletelyreflectedtheneedsoftheICEScommunity.Next,theWGOOFEwillcommunicatetheresultsofthisquestionairetotheprovidercommunity,whilecontinuingtobringexcitingnewandexistingoceanographicdataproductstotheattentionofICESusers.

Keywords:dataproducts,operationaloceanography,userrequirements.

Contact author: Bee Berx, Marine Scotland Science, 375 Victoria Road, Aberdeen AB11 9DB, UKemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/A:08

Using a towed profiler to compare satellite primary productivity models with in situmeasurementsofverticalchlorophyllonthenortheasternUnitedStatescontinentalshelf

D.ChristopherMelrose,MarkS.Berman,KimberlyHyde,andJohnE.OReilly

A towed undulating sampling platform equippedwith a chlorophyll fluorometerwas used onthreetransectsacrosstheUSNortheasternShelfLargeMarineEcosystemtostudytheinfluenceofvariationsintheverticaldistributionofchlorophyllonsatelliteprimaryproductivitymodels.Thethree transectswere locatedoff the coastofNew Jersey,across theNantucketShoals,and fromGeorgesBasinontoGeorgesBank.Satellitebasedproductivitymodelsprovideapowerfultoolforperforming synoptic productivity measurements over entire ecosystems; however, satelliteproductivitymodelshavegreateruncertaintythaninsitumeasurements.Thisuncertaintyexistsinpartbecausesatellitemeasurementsarebiasedtonearsurfacechlorophyllandhaveaninabilitytoresolve vertical structure or deep chlorophyll layers.Comparisonswith in situ vertical profilesprovideawaytotesttheeffectofvaryingverticalstructureontheaccuracyofsatelliteproductivitymodelsandallowthesemodelstoberegionallyandseasonallytunedforgreateraccuracy.Theuseof a towedundulating sampler can alsoprovidemore representative comparisonswith satellitemeasurements thanwould be possiblewith point samples in regionswith strong physical andbiologicalgradients,becauseitcansamplecontinuouslyoverrelativelylargeareas.

Keywords:insitu,primaryproductivity,satellite,towedundulatingplatform.

Contactauthor:MarkBerman,NOAA/NMFSNarragansettLaboratory,28TarzwellDrive,RI02881,USA[email:[email protected]].


ICESCM2010/A:09

Useofotolith chemistryandelectronic tagsas fisheryoceanography tools:a case studyofbluemarlininthewesternAtlanticOceanbasin

R.J.DavidWellsandJayR.Rooker

Fishery oceanography often involves linking fisherydependent data to a suite of remotelymeasuredoceanographicparameters, includingseasurface temperature,salinity,andseasurfaceheight.Here,we present the use of two novel environmental recordersotolith chemistry andelectronictagswhichbothrecordthephysicochemicalconditionsofthesurroundingwatermassinhabited and therefore serve asvaluable fisherymanagement tools.Otolith chemistry isusefulbecausechemicalsincorporatedintothearagonitematrixoftheotolitharerelatedtothephysicochemical conditions of the surrounding water mass, thus serving as a natural tag. Chemicalsignaturesintheotolithcanbeusedtodetermineretrospectivelyanindividualsnataloriginandmigratory history, and therefore serve as usefulmarkers for assessing population connectivity.Electronic tags, such as popup archival transmitting tags, measure in situ timeatdepth,temperature,andlightlevels(proxyforgeolocation)andareparticularlyusefulforfishcapableoflongdistance movements and behavioural migrations. In this study, we discuss thecomplementaryresultsusingboth tools fromacasestudyofbluemarlin in thewesternAtlanticOceanandadjacentseas(i.e.GulfofMexico,CaribbeanSea)whichsuggestdivergentmovementpatternsofahighlymigratoryspecies.Weconcludebyputtingourresults in thecontextofhowthesetoolscanbeusedinthefisherymanagementdecisionmakingprocess.

Keywords:behaviour,electronictags,otolithchemistry,populationstructure.

Contact author:R. J.DavidWells,SouthwestFisheriesScienceCenter,8604La JollaShoresDrive,La Jolla,CA92037,USAemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/A:10

Towardsoperationalbiogeochemicalmodellingforresourcemanagementofcoastalwaters

KarenWildAllen,JennySkerratt,FarhanRizwi,andJohnParslow

Thebiogeochemistryofcoastalwaterscannowbemodelledinthreedimensionswithhighspatialand temporal resolution to informmanagers of current and possible future changes inwaterqualityparameters.Modelssimulatethetransformation,cycling,anddispersionofanthropogenicnutrientloadsintocoastalwatersthroughphytoplankton,zooplankton,macrophytes,anddetritalphases. Nutrient remineralization and dissolved oxygen dynamics are also resolved. Modelresolutionfarexceedsthetypicalspatialandtemporalresolutionofbiogeochemicalobservations,makingmodelinitialization,boundaryforcing,andvalidationdifficult.Novelinstrumentationandsensorplatformshave thepotential toaddress someof these issues.Recentobservations fromamoored, continuously recording nutrient sensor and a mobile glider platform are discussed.Validatedcoastaloceancolourremotesensingwithhighspatialresolutionprovidessynopticdatacomparablewithmodeloutputandtheabilitytoachievenearrealtimemodelvalidationofsurfacefeatures.SimulationsofanthropogenicnutrientimpactsinsoutheastTasmaniaareshown.Humanpressures on local estuarine and coastal waters include river water extraction, industry andsewerage effluent discharge, and an expanding salmon farming industry. Future scenariosimulations quantify likely anthropogenic impacts and communication of results to resourcemanagershasresultedintheimplementationofanenvironmentalmonitoringprogrammeaspartofanadaptivemanagementframework.

Keywords:anthropogenicimpacts,biologicalmodel,coastalzonemanagement,modelvalidation.

Contactauthor:KarenWildAllen,CSIROMarineandAtmosphericResearch,GPOBox1538,Hobart,Tasmania7001,Australiaemail:[email protected].


ICESCM2010/A:11

LunacyinAtlanticcod:assessingthetimingofspawninginAtlanticcodusingoceanmodelsandelectronicdatastoragetags

TimothyB.Grabowski,Bruce J.McAdam,KaiLogemann,VilhjlmurThorsteinsson, andGudrnMarteinsdttir

Understandingtheenvironmentalprocessesdeterminingthetimingandsuccessofreproductionisof critical importance to developing effective management strategies for marine fish.Unfortunately, it has proven difficult to comprehensively study the reproductive behaviour ofbroadcastspawning fish, such asAtlantic cod (Gadusmorhua), in thewild. The combination ofoceanographicmodelsandelectronicdatastoragetags(DSTs)hasthepotentialtoprovideinsightsinto thebehaviourof fish,allowing fordatacollectionover relatively largespatialand temporalscalesthatcanbecorrelatedtopredictedenvironmentalconditionsandultimatelybeusedtorefinepredictions of yearclass strength. In this paper we present data retrieved from DSTsdemonstrating thatAtlantic cod spawning in Iceland is tied toa lunar cyclewithapronouncedsemilunarcyclewithin it.Peakspawningactivityoccursaround the fullandnewmoonwithnoevidenceof relationshipwithdiel tidalorday/night cycles.We thenuse aCartesian coordinateoceanmodelwiththreedimensionaladaptivemeshrefinementandprimitiveequations(CODE)toassess thechanges inenvironmentalconditionsatknowncodspawninggroundsassociatedwithlunarandsemilunarcyclesandidentifyoceanographicconditionsthatmightrenderthisspawningstrategybeneficial.

Keywords:Atlanticcod,spawningbehaviour,lunarcycles,oceanographichindcasting.

Contact author: Timothy B. Grabowski, University of Iceland, Institute of Biology, Reykjavik, Iceland email:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/A:12

Use of neural networks to forecast the abundance of Argentine hake in the SouthwestAtlantic

M.DarribaEstvez,L.GonzlezVilas,G.Martnez,andJ.M.TorresPalenzuela

TheArgentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) is one of themost abundant commercial species in thePatagonianMalvinasshelfarea.Inthiswork,weproposeapredictivemodelofabundanceforthisspeciesbasedonamultilayerperceptron(MLP)neuralnetwork.ThenetworkwasdevelopedusingfisherydatathatwerecollectedonboardSpanishcommercialvesselsoperatingintheareabetween1989 and 2006 and environmental data provided by the oceanographicmodel implemented byMERCATOROcean.TheMLPoutputisthecpue(catchperunitofeffort;kgh1),whichisusedasanabundance index.As inputvariableswe included latitude, longitude,Julianday,temperature,andsalinityat threedepth levels,seasurface temperaturegradient,andmoonphase.Thewholedatasetwassplitintotwoindependentsets,onetotrainthenetworkandtheotheronetovalidateit.GIS techniques and statisticalmethodswere used to analyse and visualize the data and theresults. Model results demonstrate a good fitting between the observed and estimated cpue(r=0.74usingthevalidationset).Thistoolmightbeusefultoimplementanoperationalforecastingsystem.

Keywords:Argentinehake,MLP,neuralnetworks,predictionmodel.

Contact author: Jess M. Torres Palenzuela, Lab. de Teledeteccin y SIG, Dep. de Fsica Aplicada, LagoasMarcosendeFac.deCiencias,UniversidadedeVigo,Spainemail:[email protected].


ICESCM2010/A:13

Investigation on krill transport factors in the Scotia Sea for fisheries and managementapplications

KasatkinaSvetlanaandVladimirShnar

DatafromacousticsurveysandoceanographicobservationswereusedtoestimatecharacteristicsofkrilltransportacrossdifferentpolygonsintheScotiaSea.Krillfluxoverthestudypolygonswasconsidered tobeapassive transportbywatermassesandassessedby thegeostrophic transport.Estimates ofwater velocity and krill biomass transported across the boundaries (outflow andinflow)of thesepolygonsweremade. Variabilitiesof the spatialtemporaldistributionsofkrillbiomassandaggregationscharacteristicsassociatedwithmultipleprocessesofkrillinflowoutflowoverthestudyareasweretraced.Itwasrevealedthatkrilltransportacrossfishinggroundsaffectstheoperational indicesof commercialvessels (mean catchperhaul, mean catchperhour).Theauthors discuss the characteristics of krill transport as important information for krill stockmanagement in the Scotia Sea. Itwas shown that the annual krill biomass transported acrosstraditional fishinggrounds could exceed theprecautionary catch limitbasedon the resultsof amultiship acoustic survey and adopted by the Convention on the Conservation ofAntarcticMarineLivingResources(CCAMLR)fortheScotiaSea.

Keywords:acousticandoceanographicobservations,Antarctickrillflux,fisheries,geostrophictransport.

Contact author: Svetlana Kasatkina, Atlantic Research Institute of Marine Fisheries and Oceanography(AtlantNIRO),5,Dm.DonskoySt.,Kaliningrad,236022,Russiaemail:ks@atlant,baltnet.ru.

ICESCM2010/A:14

OperationaldatadistributionatInstituteofMarineResearch

SjurRingheimLid,HelgeSagen,andTrondWestgrd

TheNorwegianMarineDatacenter(NMD)startedservingoperationalresearchdatafromvesselsoperatedbytheInstituteofMarineResearchinearly2000.ThroughtheEUFP7projectMyOceantheNMDhasbecomethethematicassemblycentreforArcticinsitudata.Asathematicassemblycentre theNMDdelivers in situdata to theglobalassembly centreand to theocean forecastingcentres,whereitisusedforassimilationorvalidationofmodeloutput.Thedataservicehasbeenexpanded to include data from other data sources, such as theCoriolis data service.RealtimequalitycontrolprocedureshavebeendefinedintheMyOceanprojectandalldatagothroughtheseproceduresandareflaggedaccordingtotheSeaDataNetQualityflagscale.TheInstituteofMarineResearchhasalsostartedworkonotherdatatypesgatheredonresearchvessels.Thesedatatypesinclude different kinds of biological samples and chemical data thatwill become available toscientistsinnearrealtime.

Keywords:automaticqualitycontrol,MyOcean,operationaldatadistribution,SeaDataNet.

Contact author:SjurRingheimLid, Institute ofMarineResearch,NorwegianMarineDatacentre,POBox1870,Nordnes,5817Bergen,Norwayemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/A:15

Indicesforfisherymanagementbasedonlarvaltransportmodelpredictions

ElizabethNorth,ZacharySchlag,andWenLong

Incorporating the influence of environmental variation and recruitment variability in stockassessmentmodelsishamperedbythecomplexityofinteractingphysicalandbiologicalprocessesthatoperateduring theearly lifeoffishandshellfish.Theobjectiveof thisresearch is toapplyacoupledhydrodynamic and larval transportmodel to calculate twometrics that summarize theinfluence of environmentalvariability in a format that could beused by fisherymanagers.Themetrics thatwecalculateare(1)aphysicalbaselineand(2)minimum transportbasedspawningstockbiomass(SSB).Wewillusethebluecrab,Callinectessapidus,asthemodelorganismandthe


MiddleAtlanticBight as the study area.Wedefine a physical baseline for a population as theminimum number of offspring needed to swamp the physical variability in a system andproduce reliable transportbetweenspawningandnurseryareas.Wedefineminimum transportbasedSSBlevelsastheminimumbiomassofadultfemalesthatcanproducetheoffspringneededtomeetthephysicalbaselineandensurerelativelystablerecruitment.Multipletechniqueswillbeapplied to account for theunknown sources ofmortality along transport pathways in order tocreateanenvelopeofpossible transportbasedSSBestimates.The transportbasedSSB levelswillbecomparedwith the targetSSB levelsderived fromcurrentstockassessmentsof thebluecrab.Applicationofthesemetricsinanoperationalcontextwillbediscussed.

Keywords:coupledbiologicalphysicalmodels,fisherymanagement,larvaltransport.

Contactauthor:E.W.North,UniversityofMarylandCenter forEnvironmentalScience,HornPointLaboratory,POBox775,Cambridge,MD21613,USA[email:[email protected]].

ICESCM2010/A:16

MyOceanoperationalproductsforfisheries

HenningWehde

TheEUsupportedprojectMyOceanistheimplementationprojectoftheGMES(GlobalMonitoringforEnvironmentandSecurity)MarineCoreService,aimingatthedeploymentofthefirstEuropewideconcertedand integratedcapacityformonitoringandforecastingof theoceans.Theprojectobjective is toanalyse, forecastandobserve theoceansatglobalandregionalEuropeanscales inorder to provide amonitoring service for themarine environment and security. By combiningremote sensing and in situ observations and their assimilation into threedimensionalcirculation/ecosystem models, MyOcean aims to provide a service that delivers the bestinformation available on global and regional oceans. These data include temperature, salinity,currents, ice extent, sea level, and primary ecosystem parameters. The target applications aremarine safety,marine resources, climateand seasonal forecasting,aswellasmarineand coastalenvironments.WithinthisstudyspecialfocusislaidontheMyOceankeyareaofmarineresourcesand thevalueof theserviceproductswillbehighlighted,specificallyon the fisherieswithin theNorthAtlantic.

Keywords:GMESproject,operationaloceanography.

Contact author:HenningWehde, Institute ofMarineResearch,Nordnesgate 33, 5005 Bergen,Norway [email:[email protected]].

ICESCM2010/A:17

Influenceofmesoscaleoceanographicstructureson larvaldistributionandsurvival in jackmackerel(Trachurussymmetricus)offcentralChile

SebastinVsquez,MarcoCorreaRamrez,andAquilesSeplveda

The jackmackerel, Trachurusmurphy (Nichols), is amediumsized pelagic fish that has awidedistribution in the southeastPacificOceanand constitutes themost importantpelagic fishery inChile.Thejackmackerelpopulationstructureincludesanextensivedispersiontowardstheoceaniczone off Chile, where its reproduction occurs during spring. The spatial distribution of jackmackerellarvaeduringthemainspawningseasonbetween2003and2005wasaddressedthroughseveralsurveysat790planktonstationscoveringca.350000squarenauticalmiles.Largenumbersof larvae (individuals between 1.7 and 14.9mm in length)were commonly found up to 1000nauticalmilesoffcentralChileassociatedwith theSubtropicalConvergenceZone(STCZ),wherestrongoceanicmesoscaleeddiesandmeanderingcurrentsaretypicalfeaturesduringspring.Theotolithmicrostructure shows a significantpositive relationship between larval age anddistancenorthward,aswellasarelevantassociationbetweensurvivalof larvaeandmesoscalestructures.TheeddydefinitionbytheOkuboWeissparametershowsthatmesoscaleoceanographicfeatureshave a strong influence on the horizontal distributions of fish larvae and could be providing


physical mechanisms that may facilitate the regional selfsustaining of the jack mackerelpopulationoffChile.

Keywords:meanderingcurrents,mesoscaleeddies,OkuboWeissparameter,otolithmicrostructure.

Contact author: Sebastian Vsquez, Instituto de Investigacin Pesquera (INPESCA), Programa deMagster encienciasmencinPesqueras,POBox350,Talcahuano,Chileemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/A:18

Siteselectionforstockreplenishmentusingahydrodynamicmodel:exampleforthepacificoyster(Crassostreagigas)cultureinthePertuisCharentaisregion

I.Bernard,O.LeMoine,J.Y.Stanisire,S.Pouvreau,P.Goulletquer,andF.Dumas

The critical issue for oyster farmers in the Pertuis Charentais region of France is to obtain asufficient spat supply on a yearly basis in areas dedicated to spat collecting to sustain oysterproduction. To address this practical questionwe searched for themain hydrodynamic factorsdrivingspatfallabundanceusingahydrodynamicmodel.Fivehydrodynamicrelatedfactorswereincludedinthesimulation:spawningtime,pelagiclarvaldurations,wind,broodstocklocation,andspatcollectinglocation.Themainresultisthatbroodstocklocationisthemostimportantfactorthat impacts larvalabundanceabovespatcollectionareasat theendof larval life.Northernbedssupplyspatareaslocatedinthesouthernareas.Thisimpliesthatthemostimportantspatfallareain the mouth of the Charente River may be sustained by wild oysters, for which stocks areunknown. The importance of broodstock location implies an improved coordination betweenpolicy of eradication of wild oyster beds, aiming to increase productivity, and the policy ofreplenishment to improve thespatfall level.Moreover, itshouldbeofconcernwhenconsideringthedevelopment of farming of triploid oysters,whichdo not contribute to reproductive effort.Baseduponthoseresults,wildoysterstockassessmentisanecessarystepfordeterminingwherethereplenishmentshouldbecarriedout.The largevariabilityof thecontributionofoysterbeds,however, seems to indicate that replenishment in wellchosen areas may be successful inimprovingspatsupply.

Keywords:Crassostreagigas,larvaldispersal,populationconnectivity,stockreplenishment.

Contact author: Olivier Le Moine, Ifremer, LER/PC, BP 133, La Tremblade, 17390, France email:[email protected].


ChileanjackmackerelaggregationsinthesoutheasternPacificinwinterspringseason2009revealedbyseabirdobservationsandoceanographicfeatures

O.KrasnoborodkoandF.Litvinov

ThecomplexsurveyofChilean jackmackerelhabitatanddistribution in thesoutheasternPacificoutsideChilesEEZ2542S/74126WwascarriedoutaboardRussianRVAtlantidainAugustNovember 2009. Acoustic, ichthyological, hydrological, and ornithological surveys wereundertaken. The strong differences in the density ofChilean jackmackerelwere revealed, thehighestdensitycorrespondedtotheseasonalpositionoftheSubtropicalSoutheasternPacificFront(SSPF)between33and37S.Thisfrontalzonewasaffectedbythesurfacewinddirection(mainlysouthsouthwest)andsubsurfacegeostrophiccirculation(between0and250mfrom0.21.0to7.09.7cm/s).ItwasrevealedthatboththestrongestgradientsofseasurfacetemperatureintheSSPFzone and the corresponding densest Chilean jackmackerel aggregationswere, in turn, clearlymarkedbythemostabundantseabirdaggregations.ThedensestseabirdaggregationsintheSSPFzone were observed between 3436S/8587W, 3438S/9096W, 3438S/103106W, 3435S/112114W, and 3638S/114116W.These zones corresponded to thedensestChilean jackmackerel aggregations and sea surface temperature gradients of SSPF greater than 0.05C pernauticalmile.TheinformationcollectedmayserveasanadditionaltoolfortheanalysisofChileanjackmackerelspatialdistribution in thisregion inwinterspring.Mapsof thedistributionof the


bird species (Daption capense (occurrence 72%), Procellaria aequinoctialis (65%), Diomedea exulans(45%), Diomedea melanophis (23%), etc.) in relation to Chilean jack mackerel aggregations andoceanographicfeaturesarepresented.

Keywords:Chilean jackmackerel, seabirds aggregations, southeasternPacific, Subtropical SoutheasternPacificFront.

Contactauthors:O.Krasnoborodko,F.Litvinov,AtlanticResearchInstituteofMarineFisheriesandOceanography(AtlantNIRO),5,Dm.DonskoySt,Kaliningrad,236022,Russiaemail:[email protected].


Lagrangian trackingofAnguillaanguillaleptocephali ina1/12MercatorOcansimulationoftheNorthAtlantic

BrunoBlanke,SylvainBonhommeau,NicolasGrima,andYannDrillet

European eel (Anguilla anguilla) larvae have one of the longest larvalmigrations of themarinerealm, swimming more than 6000km from their spawning grounds in the Sargasso Sea toEuropeancontinentalshelves.Thedurationofthismigrationremainsdebated,beingthoughttobebetween sevenmonths and three years long. This information is crucial, however, because itdetermines theperiodoverwhich larvaeareaffectedbyenvironmentalconditionsandhence thesubsequent recruitment success.We investigated themigration pathways and duration of eellarvaeusingthreeyearsofhighresolution(daily,1/12)velocityfieldsavailablefromaMercatorOcanmodelconfigurationwithoutdataassimilation.Wespecificallystudiedtheimpactofspatialandtemporalresolutionsonourestimatesbyapplyingvariousfiltersintime(fromdailyto12dayaverages)andspace(from1/12to1gridcellaggregation)tothenominalmodeloutputs.Larvaewerereleased in theeelspawningareaandconsideredaspassive tracersat threespecificdepths(surface, 50m, and 200m).We diagnosed the intensity ofwater transfer between appropriatecontrolsectionsthatencompasstheeellarvadistribution.Transitageswerealsoinvestigated,withaparticular focuson thepathways thatminimize theconnection timesbetween thewesternandeasternNorthAtlantic.Thestudyshows thatsmallscalestructures (eddies, filaments)contributeto the existenceof faster connectionsalthough theyalso correspond toadditional complexity intrajectories.The shortestpathwaysmostly follow theGulf Stream and theNorthAtlanticDrift,whereasmoreinteriorconnectionsrequiretimetransferslesscompatiblewithbiologicalissues.

Keywords:Europeaneel,operationaloceanography,Lagrangiandiagnoses.

Contact author: Bruno Blanke, Laboratoire de Physique des Ocans, UMR 6523 CNRSIfremerIRDUBO,UniversityofBrest,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESASC2010/A:21 Poster

TheclimateofIcelandicwaters,19482009highresolution,adaptivegridoceanmodelling

KaiLogemann,JnOlafsson,andGurnMarteinsdttir

Inorder togaindeeper insights into the roleofphysicalprocesses indetermining thevariabilityof theIcelandicmarine ecosystem, the workgroupMARICE, University of Iceland, is running a numericalmodelof thehydrodynamicsof Icelandicwatersandadjacent seas.TheoceanmodelCODE (CartesiancoordinatesOceanmodelwith threeDimensionaladaptivemeshrefinementandprimitiveEquations) isusedwhichwasrecentlydevelopedattheUniversityofHamburgandtheUniversityofIceland.Adatasetwascreatedwhichcontainsthethreedimensionalfieldsoftemperature,salinity,andflowaroundIcelandfortheyears19482009withaspatialandtemporalresolutionof1kmand3h,respectively.Withthefocuson decadal variability, the simulation is presented and compared with observations. Successfullysimulated structures are analysed andmodel errors discussed. Finally,model runs describing decadalvariabilityintemperatureandsalinityarelinkedwithtemporalchangesinrecruitmentandabundanceofcommercially importantpelagicandgroundfishspecies.Keywords:decadalvariability,oceanmodelling,Icelandicwaters.

Contactauthor:KaiLogemann,UniversityofIceland,DepartmentofBiology,Askja,Sturlugata7,IS101Reykjavik,Icelandemail:[email protected].



Improved estimates ofdiatomprimaryproduction foruse in fisheryproductionpotentialmodels

K.J.W.Hyde,M.J.Fogarty,J.A.Hare,andJ.E.OReilly

Fisheryproductionpotentialisafunctionoftheamountofprimaryproduction,thefractionofthisproduction available to higher trophic levels, the transfer efficiency between successive trophiclevels,andthenumberoftrophiclevelsthroughwhichenergymustbetransferred.Twopathwaysarerecognizedfortransferofprimaryproductioninthesystemtheclassicalgrazingfoodchain,principallynewproductionbydiatomsanddirectgrazingbymesozooplankton,andnanoplanktonproduction,whichincludesthemicrobialfoodwebandinvolvestwoormoretrophictransferstepsbeforereachingmesozooplankton.ThenortheastcontinentalshelfoftheUnitedStatesisahighlyproductiveecosystemwithseveralcommerciallysignificantfisheries.Thisdynamicecosystemhasexperienced changes in climate and physical forcings that have contributed to largescalealterations in ecosystem structure and function. Recent analyses suggest that phytoplanktonbiomassinthenortheastecosystemhasincreasedupto33%duringthelastdecadecomparedwiththelate1970stoearly1980s.Furthermore,otherstudieshaveindicatedthattheincreaseinbiomassisassociatedwithashiftfromlargerdiatoms(>20m)tosmallernanoplanktonandpicoplanktonspecies.Current fishery productionmodels use estimates of diatom production (approximately30%oftotalprimaryproduction)fromMARMAPshipboardsurveys(19771988),butitisunlikelythat thesemeasurements are representativeof the currentphytoplankton community.Thus thisstudywillevaluatesatelliteremotesensingmodelsofphytoplanktonspeciescompositionand/orsize fraction to estimate diatom production in order to incorporate these results into currentestimatesoffisheriespotentialproduction.

Keywords:chlorophyll,diatoms, fisheriesproductionmodels,newproduction,northeastUScontinentalshelfecosystem,primaryproduction,

Contactauthor:KimberlyHyde,NOAANMFSNEFSCNarragansettLaboratory,28TarzwellDrive,Narragansett,RI02882,USAemail:[email protected].

ICESDM2010/A:23 Poster

Environmental preference of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) derived from remotelysenseddataalongthePacificcoastofColombia

JohnJ.Selvaraj,AdrianaMartnez,andAngelaI.Guzmn

Inthisstudywelookedattherelationshipbetweencatchdataandsatellitederivedoceanographicfeatures to predict potential fishing habitats of Coryphaena hippurus off the Pacific coast ofColombia.Catchdatawerederivedfromlogbooksofindustriallonglinefishingfleetsandsatellitedata on sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll a (Chl a) from a moderateresolutionimagingspectroradiometer (MODIS).Datawereanalysed for theyears20032008.Longlinedataincludeddate,fishinglocation,numberofindividualscapturedandnumberofhooksused.Catchper unit effort (cpue) expressed as numbers (fish/1100 hooks) was used as index of relativeabundance.To predict the spatial patterns of potentialdolphinfish fishing habitats (PDFH),wedevelopedamodelusingageneralizedlinearmodel(GLM)basedonthefunctionalrelationshipsbetweentheenvironmentalvariablesandcpue.ThePDFHmapswerevalidatedagainstcatchdatafrom theyear2009. Itwas found that thepreferentialhabitat fordolphinfishcorresponded toanSST rangeof25.527.5CandaChl a rangeof0.20.75mg/m3basedon thehighest cpuevaluesduring the fishing season (NovemberMarch). Persistent high cpue was observed along thenorthern coast, extending longitudinallyduring themonthsNovemberFebruary and indeeperwatersduringMarchwithin theEEZ.Crossvalidationof the cpuepredictedby themodelwasreliable(r=0.75)withtheobservedcpue.ThedynamicsofthethermalfrontsandcurrentsinthisregionmayhavecontributedtothespatialpatternsofthePDFH.

Keywords:dolphinfish,generalizedlinearmodel(GLM),MODIS.


Contactauthor:JohnJ.Selvaraj,TheNationalUniversityofColombia,DepartmentofEngineering,Carrera32#1200,ViaCandelaria,Palmira,Valle,Colombiaemail:[email protected].


Studyofdemersal fishdistribution and environmental conditions in theGreatSoleBankusingstatisticalandGIStechniques

E.Spyrakos,M.DarribaEstvez,LuisGonzlezVilas,andJ.TorresPalenzuela

Variationsofoceanographicconditions inrelation to theabundanceanddistributionofdemersalfishintheGreatSoleBank(ICESStatisticalDivisionVIIj)werestudiedduringtheyear2009intheframework of the project Study of sea bottom circulation and its environmental and fisheriesimpacts.Inthisstudywefocusedonthreedifferentcommercialspecies:cuckooray(Rajanaevus),megrimn.e.i.(Lepidorhombusspp.),andanglerfishn.e.i.(Lophiidae),whichrepresentthemajorityofthecatchesdatabase.FisheriesdatawerecollectedonboardthreecommercialvesselsoperatinginthestudyareaaspartoftheFishingVesselOwnersCooperativeofthePortofVigo(ARVI).Dailyrecordings of sea surface temperature (SST), surface sea salinity (SSS), sea bottom temperature(SBT), sea bottom salinity (SBS), and seabed currentswere obtained from theMercatorOceanModel.Mapsweregeneratedusinggeographical informationsystems(GIS) inordertostudythespatialdistributionof the species.Generalizedadditivemodels (GAMs)weredeveloped for thethreespecies.Catchperuniteffort(cpue),usedasanabundanceindex,wasmodelledasafunctionofbathymetry, location,SST,SSS,SBT,SBS,day,seabedcurrents,andmoonphase.Thedepthofthe catches varied between 100m and approximately 600m. The results demonstrated that thedifferent techniques used in this study can provide useful information about demersal fishdistributionintheareaandtheirrelationtoenvironmentalconditions.

Keywords:anglerfish,cuckooray,GAMs,GIS,megrim,seabedenvironmentalvariables.

Contactauthor:JessM.TorresPalenzuela,Lab.DeTeledeccinySIG,Dep.deFisicaAplicada,LagoasMarcosendeFac.deCiencias,UniversidaddeVigo,Spainemail:[email protected].


PhysicalandbiogeochemicalMyOceanoperationalproductsandenduserapplications

RosaBarcielaandKarenEdwards

Theprovisionoffreeandopenoperationaloceanographicservicesandproductstothewiderusercommunity has become a reality throughMyOcean, the implementation project of the GMESMarineCoreService.MyOceanstrivestodeliverthebestavailableoceanographicinformationfrommodelsandalsofromobservationstoanyoneatanytime(nearrealtime,shortrangeforecast,andhindcasts are all available), anywhere (information atglobal and regional scales, from thedeepocean to the shallow seas)andatanydepth (from the surface to thebottomof theocean).Thispresentation focuses on thephysical and biogeochemicalMyOceanproducts routinely availablefromtheUKMetOfficemodelfortheEuropeanNorthAtlanticWestShelf.Enduserapplicationsalreadymaking use of those products, including a trial tool for the operational prediction ofnuisancealgalblooms,willalsobepresented.

Keywords:biogeochemical,MyOcean,NorthAtlantic,NorthWestShelf,operationalproducts,physical.

Contact author: Rosa Barciela, UK Met Office, FitzRoy Road, Exeter, Devon EX1 3PB, UK email:[email protected].

102| AbstractsThemeSessionB


Operational oceanography products and services:how can they help in setting the initialstateandtrendsoftheoceans?

SylvieGiraudSaintAlbin,PatrickLehodey,andEricGreiner

Scientificunderstandingandknowledgeofthemarineenvironmentanditsstate,ontheonehand,and data and models to translate this into meaningful and useful information to supportsustainable development and, if necessary, effective interventions, on the other hand, are bothcrucial for forming marine environmental policy, as carried out by the EU Marine StrategyFramework Directive. MyOcean Ocean Forecasting Systems bring a revolution to Europeangovernmentalagencies.Withacoupledphysicalbiogeochemicalforecastingcapacity,monitoringtheoceanstateanditstrendsisnowfeasible.Currentstateestimatescanbeprovidedinrealtimeaswellasinterannualstatisticstomeasurevariabilityandtrendsatvariousspaceandtimescales(requiredby the ecologicalprocesses) against agiven reference state (or initial state).Whatifscenarioscanalsobeperformedby thesesystems,exploring the impactofspecificconditions forthefuture.Theuseofoperationaloceanographyproductsopensthewaytoobjectiveandscientificanalysis and quantification of climate change impacts on the targeted marine ecosystems atdifferenttimeandspatialscalesthroughmodeldownscaling.Asetofenvironmentalindicatorsispresented here and taken from the halieutic domain. Some challenges are still not resolved asmodeluncertaintiesarebigwhenyoucometounderobservedvariablessuchasbiogeochemicalparametersandhabitats,orlowfrequencysignalssuchasclimatechange(50years).Downscalingclimate scenarios to regional scale for coupledphysicalbiogeochemicalmodels also raisesopenscientific questions and requires strong interoperability between global, regional, and coastaloperationaloceanographysystems.

Keywords:downscaling,indicators,initialstate,MSFD,MyOcean.

Contactauthor:SylvieGiraudSaintAlbin,CLS,810rueHerms,ParcTechnologiqueduCanal,31520RamonvilleStAgne,Franceemail:[email protected].

ThemeSessionB

Theriskoffailinginintegratedcoastalzonemanagement

ICESCM2010/B:01

Monitoring and evaluation of spatially managed areas: A generic framework and itsapplication

Vanessa Stelzenmller,Andy South, StuartRogers, Jan vanDalfsen,Peter Jones, StevenDegraer,MarijnRabaut,andMagdaVincx

Theapplicationofanecosystemapproachtomanagementofthesearequiresbothintegratedandstrategic frameworkssuchas integratedcoastalzonemanagement (ICZM)and theuseofmarinespatialplanning(MSP)tominimizespatialuseconflictsandenvironmentaldegradation.Suchanintegrated management promotes sustainable development based on achieving a balance ofenvironmental, social, and economic objectives. Here we introduce a first draft of a genericframeworkdeveloped in theEUFP7projectMESMA thatgivesguidanceonhow to assess theeffectivenessofanexistingmanagementwithinaspatiallydefinedarea.Moreprecisely,wedefinespatiallymanagedareasasgeographicalentitieswhereamarineplanningframeworkisorwillbeused to manage multiple human activities in space and time while maintaining ecosystemintegrity. The framework comprises practical guidance on the following steps: (i) selection ofoperational objectives and related criteria; (ii) collation and integration of information; (iii)performance assessment; and (iv) feedback processes. In the course of theMESMA project thisgenericframeworkwillbeappliedandtested inanumberofcasestudies.Herewehighlighttheprocessesandpracticaltasksinvolvedineachoftheframeworksteps,reflectonthefirstattempts

AbstractsThemeSessionB |103

toimplementthisframeworkandidentifytherequirementsforpracticaltoolssuchasstandardizedmethodstomaphumanactivitiesandassesstheircumulativeimpacts.

Keywords:managementobjectives,MSP,spatialmanagement.

Contact author:Vanessa Stelzenmller, JohannHeinrich von Thnen Institute (vTI), Institute of Sea Fisheries,Palmaille9,22767Hamburg,Germanyemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:02

Socioeconomicandculturalobjectivesetting forsupporting theeffectiveuseof indicatorsforintegratedmanagementofecosystems

AmyDiedrichandJ.Tintor

Thesuccessofintegratedmanagementapproachessuchasmarinespatialplanningandintegratedcoastalzonezonemanagement (ICZM) in improving, conserving, andprotecting ecosystemshasbeen limitedby thechallengeassociatedwith translatingscientific information intomanagementaction.Oneof the reasons science can fail toprovokemanagement responses is that research isoftenconductedwithoutappropriateconsiderationof thesocioeconomicandcultural (SEC)andpolitical contexts of the ecosystem that is being managed. Although science cannot makemanagementdecisions,whichoftenresultfromacombinationofobjectiveinformationandvaluejudgements,itcanprovidevaluabledatatoinformandmonitortheconsequencesofmanagementactions.However, it is critical that this information be orientated towards addressing priorityobjectives from SEC andpoliticalperspectives, in addition to ecological objectives, if it is to beeffectiveingeneratingappropriateactionsatthegovernancelevel.Indicatorshavebeenreceivingconsiderableattentioninrecentyearsasonepotentialsolutiontobridgingthesciencepolicygapthrough the provision of viable, interpretable scientific information that responds to specificmanagement objectives. The aim of this presentation is to emphasize the critical role of SECobjective setting andprioritization as aprimary step towards the effectiveuse of indicators forprovokingmanagementactionsthatsupportecosystemmanagementgoals.Thediscussionwillbecontextualized using the case study of the Balearic Islands ICZM indicators and LIMCostaprojects,which are being implemented throughpartnerships between the scientific community,government,civilsociety,andtheChamberofCommerce.

Keywords:culturalobjectives,ICZM,indicators,socioeconomicobjectives.

Contactauthor:AmyDiedrich,CoastalOceanObservingandForecastingSystemoftheBalearicIslands(SOCIB),ParcBIT,Ed.Naorte,Bl.2Ps.2Pt.3,C.Valldemossa,km7,4,07121PalmadeMallorca,IllesBalears,Spainemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:03

Integrating coastalzone dialogues: can initial networking of partners reduce conflicts inmarinecoastalareas?

DenisLacroix

Integratedcoastalzonemanagement (ICZM) isa linkbetween three fields:environment,humanactivities,andeconomics.Allthreeareunderstrongandcontradictorypressures,entailingvarioustypesofdevelopmentwithnumerous factors and limiteduptodate and consistentknowledge.Nevertheless, decisionmakers must find methods and means to manage the sustainabledevelopment of the coastal area, aplacewheredifferent and often conflictinguses are steadilyincreasing,notablyintheMediterranean.Numerousguidelinesareavailablebutinpracticetheseareoften far fromusualandcommonsenserecommendations.Theactornetwork theory (CallonandLatour)couldbeausefultooltoclarifyandreducethechronicproblemoftheconflictofusesin coastal areas. The usefulness and efficiency of this theory was demonstrated through theexampleof scallop fisherymanagement innorthernBrittany in the 1980s.After scalingup, thistheorydemonstratesitsrelevanceandusefulnessthroughtwomodernissuesdealingwithcoastalmanagementlatosensu:networkingofactorsinvolvedinaquaculturedevelopmentinordertotrain


them to anew ecosystem approach (the IUCN initiative) and artificial reefprojectmanagement(e.g. thePortuguesemodel of theAlgarve).The advantage of this theory is the fact that it is aconcreteandappliedmethodthatcanbeeasilyproposedtoanysetofstakeholdersassoonasthechallengeorprojectcanbedefined.Thispracticalmethodcanalsobeusedasasimulationprocessincorporatingforesightanalysis.

Keywords:actornetworktheory,ecosystembasedmanagement,foresightanalysis,ICZM.

Contactauthor:DenisLacroix,Ifremer;Agropolis,34394Montpellier,Cedex5,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:04

Identifyingculturalecosystemservices:thecoastalfuturesapproach

KiraGeeandAndreasKannen,

Ecosystemservicesarevariouslyemployed todescribe interactionsbetweennaturalsystemsandhuman use. The research project Coastal Futures applied the concept to the specific case ofoffshorewindfarmdevelopmentintheGermanNorthSea.Althoughtheentirerangeofecosystemserviceswasassessed,our focus in thispresentation ison culturalecosystem services,anaspectoften neglected because of the inherent difficulties ofmeasuring nonmarket ecosystem values.Using the twodistricts ofDithmarschen andNorthFrisia on theNorth Sea coastof SchleswigHolsteinasabasis,we firstdescribe theentirerangeofculturalecosystemservices found in theadjoiningseaareas.Assumingstrongdevelopmentofoffshorewindfarming,wethendescribethepotential impacts of this development on the cultural ecosystem services identified. Becauseintangiblesaredifficulttoquantify,weuseamixedquantitativeandqualitativeapproachtoratethese impactsboth in spatial terms and in ecological terms. Someof the inherentdifficultiesoflocating cultural ecosystems in space and time will be discussed. Although our results onlyrepresentasnapshotofthecurrentsituation,webelievethatidentifyingandcommunicatingnonmarket values canmake an important contribution to integrated coastalzonezonemanagement(ICZM) andmarineplanning in that it allows values that are otherwisedifficult to voice to beincludedinthedebate.

Keywords: cultural impacts, ecosystem services, integrated coastalzonemanagement (ICZM),maritimespatialplanning(MSP),offshorewindfarms.

Contact author:AndreasKannen,GKSSResearchCentre, Institute ofCoastalResearch,MaxPlanck Str. 1,D21502Geesthacht,Germanyemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:05

Marine Scotland Science: contribution of bathymetric surveys to marine planning forrenewableenergydevelopments

P.J.HayesandI.M.Davies

Marine Scotland Science (MSS) has been asked to assist the emergingwave and tidal energyindustriesbyprovidingregionaldatasets fromselectedareasaroundScotland.Oneaspectof theworkundertakenbyMSSwastosurveythebathymetryofthePentlandFirth,wheretidalstreamscanattain12knots.Bathymetricdatawerecollectedusing theFRVScotiawithaResonSeabat7125Bmultibeamechosoundersystem.Transectlineswerespacedensuring50100%coverageforthemajorityofthesurveyarea.Intotal,235km2weresurveyedinthePentlandFirthfrom18Julyto5August2009.Thedatawerepostprocessedusing industrystandardsoftwarebyNetsurveyLtd.A quantitative approachwas developed tomake the best use of the bathymetric dataset.WithinArcGIS,thebathymetricdatawereusedtocreateshapefileswith10mdepthintervalsand5degreegradientintervals.Aseparateshapefilewascreatedwithbufferzonesrunningparalleltothecoastline,extendingoffshoreat1kmintervals.Eachofthelayerscreatedwasclassified,clippedtothesamesize,andbroughttogetherintooneshapefileinageodatabase.Thisallowsthedatatobe queried according to the seabeddepth, seabed gradient, anddistance offshore.Areas of the


seabedsuitablefordemonstrationthroughtofullscalecommercialdeploymentscanbecalculated,basedondevelopersoperatingtolerancesfordepth,gradient,anddistanceoffshore.

Keywords:bathymetry,geodatabase,marinespatialplanning,renewableenergy.

Contactauthor:IanM.Davies,MarineScotland,MarineLaboratory,375VictoriaRoad,AberdeenAB119DVB,UKemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:06

Institutional and regulatory reform to contribute to the achievement of developmentobjectivesinthemarineenvironment

J.C.McKieandI.M.Davies

WaveandtidalstreampowergenerationisahighpriorityfortheScottishGovernmentinmeetingits targetof50%of theenergydemand inScotland tobemet fromrenewableresourcesby2020.Activities necessary to achieve this ambitious target include a spatial planled approach todevelopment, and effective and efficient regulatory processes. A regulatory system reviewdemonstrated that the consenting/licensing process has been complicated and multistranded,involvingseparateapplicationstoseveralgovernmentalregulators.Eachregulatoroperatedtheirownconsultationprocesses,resulting insomeconsultees(statutoryandother)receivingmultipleapproaches from regulators for comment on the same project. The ScottishMarineAct (2010)introducesasingleMarineLicencetobeissuedbyasinglenewbody,MarineScotland.TheMarineLicencewillincorporatetherequirementsunderthevariousitemsoflegislationwhichpreviouslyhave been progressed independently. The regulatory processes therefore have been centralizedwithinasingleregulatorwhowillestablishasinglepointofcontact(onestopshop)forprojectdevelopers. It will also allow an approach to regulation in which a case officer will takeresponsibilityfortheprocessingandprogressionofallelementsofworkleadingtothegrantingorrefusalofaMarineLicence.Furthersupportingactivitiesincludethepreparationofalicensingandenvironmental impact assessment (EIA) guidance manual for developers and regulators, andenvironmentalmonitoringguidelines.

Keywords: guidance manual, institutional reform, marine licence, monitoring, regulatory reform,renewableenergy,simplification.

Contactauthor:IanM.Davies,MarineScotland,MarineLaboratory,375VictoriaRoad,AberdeenAB119DB,UKemail:[email protected].

ICESASC2010/B:07

RiskbasedframeworksinICZMandMSPdecisionmakingprocesses

RolandCormier,AndreasKannen,BeatrizMoralesNin,IanDavies,ClareGreathead,RaphaelSarda,AmyDiedrich,VanessaStelzenmueller,andErlendMoksness

Thecoastalzoneisconsideredtobethepointofhighestinteractionbetweenlandbasedactivitiesand the localmarine ecosystem. In addition, the coastal zone is a significant contributor to thesocioeconomicprosperityoflocalcommunities,supportingabroadbaseofeconomicandculturalsectors.Asaresult,itisalsothezonewhereaquaticecosystemscanbeparticularlyvulnerabletopressures caused by human activities and where management operates within a complexjurisdictionalbackdrop.Anintegratedmanagementapproachtobothterrestrialandmarinespatialplanningaimsatreducingconflictswhilemaintainingtheproductivity(inabroadsense)ofaquaticecosystems.Althoughfairlystraightforward intheplanningprocess, implementationandfollowupof suchplanshaveproven tobechallenging.Given thecomplexityof integratingecosystem,social, cultural, and economic demands within a defined geographical area, decisionmakingapproaches using classical risk analysis can provide structure that facilitates and informs theplanningand implementationprocesses.Suchanapproachalsoassists factbasedprioritysettingwhileadheringtoprinciplesofinclusivenessandtransparency.Thispaperpresentslessonslearned


andbestpracticesfromintegratedcoastalzonemanagementprojectsandexplorestheuseofsuchapproachesinmarinespatialplanning.

Keywords:coastalzone,riskanalysis,spatialplanning.

Contactauthor:RolandCormier,FisheriesandOceansCanada,POBox5030,343UniversitAve,Moncton,NewBrunswick,CanadaE1C9B6email:[email protected].

ICESASC2010/B:08

Policyfragmentationimplicationsinecosystembasedmanagementinpractice

RolandCormier,AndreasKannen,IanDavies,RafaelSarda,andAmyDiedrich

Integrated assessment processes are a practical outworking of ecosystembased managementprinciples.Initssimplestform,mostassessmentsinvolvetheoverlayingofgeospatialcomponentshighlighting susceptible ecosystems in relation to a given project or sector activity. The endproduct aims to minimize environmental impacts through the implementation of mitigationmeasures.Ingeneral, thisapproach is illequipped todealwithcumulativeeffectsresultingfrommultiple sectorbased activities.Although integrated assessmentsmay adequately ascertain theimpacts, the implementation of resulting management plans is hampered by the complex,potentiallyconflicting,jurisdictionalpolicyobjectivesofvariouslevelsandarmsofgovernmentina given geographical area. In the coastal zone, this complexity is amplified when landbasedinteractions located in thecatchmentareaareconsidered.Theseare typicallymanagedbypolicyobjectives thatmaynotalignwithmarineecosystem integrity.Suchmanagementplanscanalsohave limitedeffectivenesswithout clear established formalaccountabilities. In thispaper,policyfragmentation is discussed as being a key impediment to effective ecosystembased integratedmanagementapproaches.Italsopresentsexamplesofsuccessfulprojectshighlightinginstitutionalandpolicyintegrationinitiatives.

Keywords:ecosystembasedmanagement,policyfragmentation.

Contactauthor:RolandCormier,FisheriesandOceansCanada,POBox5030,343UniversitAve,Moncton,NewBrunswick,CanadaE1C9B6email:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:09

Integrated assessment for use in systembased management: ecosystem health andrestorationthroughsustainableuseofresources

JosianneG.Stttrup,GreteE.Dinesen,KarenTimmermann,StiigMarkager,EvaRoth,LarsRavnJonsen,DewanA.Ahsan,MarianneHolmer,andStenSverdrupJensen

Developinghumanactivitiesoftenconflictwithnaturepreservationrequirementsand integratedassessments arenecessary tobuild reliable scenarios formanagement. In a shallow estuary, theLimfjord inDenmark, reduction ofnutrient loadings isnecessary to fulfil criteria forEuropeanUnionregulations,suchastheWaterFrameworkDirective(WFD).Cutsinnutrientloadingsdonotnecessarilyresultincorrespondingreductionsineutrophicimpactsorinimprovementsinprimaryand higher trophic production, and the socioeconomic consequences formussel fisheries andaquacultureproductionarecomplexandhardtopredict.Anintegratedanalysis(ESEassessment)of interactions between nutrient loading andmussel production (fishery and aquaculture)wascarriedout, includingecological, socialandeconomicaspects related to these issues.Themodeldeveloped allows prediction of the effects of nutrient reduction onmussel growth and harvestyield from fisheries and aquaculture, and the socioeconomic consequences. Furthermore, themodelallows for feedback scenariopredictionofproductionmanagementof fishery (e.g.quota)andaquaculture(e.g.licencesandlabour),economicexternalities(e.g.marketdemandsandprices)andecologicalexternalities(e.g.oxygendepletingevents,harmfulalgalblooms).Intheeconomicsocialmodelcomponentsareembeddedahusbandry function foraquacultureproductionandanagentbasedproductionmodel for themussel fishery,whichareattractive featuresofhighvalue and interest to the fisheries andmussel farming communities. The scenario results also


includeunanticipatedpotentialwiderbenefitsofecosystemhealthbyoptimizingmanagement inrelationtootherEUdrivenregulations,suchastheNatura2000.

Keywords:ecosystemhealth,integratedassessment,systembasedmanagement.

Contactauthor:JosianneStttrup,DTUAqua,SectionforCoastalEcology,CharlottenlundCastle,Charlottenlund2920,Denmark[email:[email protected]].

ICESASC2010/B:10

Integratedcoastalzonemanagement:bridgingthelandwaterdivide

MarcOuellette

The coastal zone is an area of high ecological complexity and productivity given its intrinsicconnectivitybetweenhabitatsandprocessesoffreshwaterandmarineaquaticecosystems.Itisalsoan area of complex anthropogenic interactions with variable social, economic, and culturalcomponents. Furthermore, it is the zonewhere aquatic ecosystems are themost vulnerable tocumulative pressures caused by human activities of various types and intensity, wheremanagement lieswithin a complex jurisdictionalbackdrop.Thus, the coastal zone is a complexmosaicofvariablezonesof influencesandecosystem componentvulnerabilitiesalong the landwater interface.Canada is amaritimenation. It is bordered by thePacific,Atlantic, andArcticOceans,ithastheworldslongestcoastline(atca.244000km),andalsobordersinteriorfreshwaterseas,theGreatLakes.Eightoutofourtenprovincesborderoceans,asdoourthreeTerritories.Given this backdrop, integrated coastal management seems a formidable challenge, but it ispossible and it is critical that we do it strategically and efficiently with the best availableinformationatpresent.Under theHealthof theOceans Initiative, fourCentresofExpertisehavebeenestablishedwithin theOceansSectorof theDepartmentofFisheriesandOceans inorder tobetter understand and address national integrated coastal and oceansmanagement issues.AnoverviewoftheobjectivesoftheCoEonCoastalManagementispresentedwithafocusedupdateonitseffortsinthedevelopmentofecosystembasedapproaches,inrelationtocumulativeeffects,andriskanalysisdecisionmakingtools.

Keywords: adverse environmental effects, indicators characterization, integrated coastalzonemanagement,riskanalysis.

Contactauthor:MarcOuellette,FisheriesandOceansCanada,GulfFisheriesCentre,OceansandScienceBranch,Moncton,NewBrunswick,CanadaE1C9B6email:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:11

From populationmodelling tomanagement: integrating different risk factors affecting aseabirdlivingintheGulfofFinland,BalticSea

InariHelle,SamuMntyniemi,MarttiHario,andSakariKuikka

The successful management of environmental risks requires that risks are consideredsimultaneously, rather than separately. It isalsovital thatuncertainty is taken intoaccount inacoherentmanner.TheGulfofFinland, theeasternmostpartof theBalticSea, isabrackishwaterarea facingmany humaninduced threats. In this paperwe present amodelling approach thatallows the integration of several risks and show how the results can be used to supportmanagementdecisions.Weuse the common eider (Somateriamollissima)breeding in theGulfofFinland as an example. Themain threats to the species are assumed to be changes in salinity(through theirmain food itemsbluemussels),oil spills,andhunting.First,aprobabilisticagestructuredBayesianparametersimulationmodeldescribingthepopulationdynamicsisbuilt,afterwhichdifferentriskfactorsareincludedinthemodel.Salinitychangesareassumedtomanifestinthesurvivalofducklings,whereasbothhuntingandoilspillsremoveacertainproportionofthetotalpopulation.Of these risks,hunting canbeestimated to someextent,butwith theoil spillsboththemagnitudeandthefuturefrequenciesofaccidentsarehighlyuncertain.Finally,theresultsareused as an input for an integrativedecisionmodel, aBayesiannetwork, inwhichdifferent


managementstrategiesregardingoilsspillsandhuntingcanbetested.Themethodpresentedherewill be applied later also to the Baltic herring (Clupea harengusmembras) living in theGulf ofFinland.

Keywords:Bayesianmodelling,commoneider,GulfofFinland,hunting,oilspills,uncertainty.

Contactauthor:InariHelle,FisheriesandEnvironmentalManagementGroup(FEM),DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences,POBox65,FI00014UniversityofHelsinki,Finlandemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:12

ProbabilisticassessmenttoolfortheWaterFrameworkDirective:applicationtotheGulfofFinland

AnnukkaLehikoinen,EveliinaKlemola,SamuMntyniemi,andSakariKuikka

Ecological status classification (ESC) of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) aims at theharmonizedevaluationandmanagementof inlandandcoastalwatersheds inEurope.The targetstate,goodecologicalstatusbyyear2015,providesaclearminimumtobereached.WFDESCisbasedon amanagementorientedview. If the stateof awatershed is judged tobemoderateorworse,thereisaneedtoactandimprovethestate.SofaritseemsevidentthattheobjectivesoftheWFDwillnotbeattainedbeforethedeadline.WepresentaprototypeofamodellingtoolthatcanbeusedtoassesstheprobabilityofreachingWFDaimsintheFinnishcoastalwatersoftheGulfofFinland.ThemodelisbasedonarelativelysimpleBayesiannetworkstructurethatintegratestheresults obtained by applying complicated load and ecosystemmodels anddata analyses, givenalternative nutrient abatement scenarios in Finland, Estonia, and Russia. Thus, the Bayesiannetworkisusedasametamodelthatintegratesknowledgefromseveralsources.Theroleoffutureclimatechange,aswellasuncertaintiesarisingfromitandothersourcescanalsobeanalysed.Wesuggestthatthistypeofdecisionmodelcouldbeusefulininternationalcooperationwhendefiningthe objects, areal responsibilities, and optimal use of resources available for the abatement ofnutrient loads. It would also be helpful when comparing divergent national implementationapproaches of theWFDESC or evaluating themagnitude of referencevalues anduncertaintiesrelatedtothem.

Keywords: Bayesian networks, decision analysis, ecological status classification, Water FrameworkDirective.

Contactauthor:AnnukkaLehikoinen,UniversityofHelsinki,DepartmentofEnvironmentalSciences.Adress:KotkaMaritimeResearchCentre,Mussalontie428B,48310Kotka,Finlandemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:13

Useofrealitymodels(architecture)forintegratedcoastalzonemanagement

KnutTorsethaugen

Challenge:Howcanactorsinvolvedincoastaldevelopmentdigest,accumulate,andusestateofartknowledgefrompolitical,social,economic,andnaturalscienceintheirdailywork?Howcanwebridge thegapbetweenadvanced scienceand localcoastalzonemanagement?Coastalareasare a limited resourcewith dynamic physical and biological properties and varying social andeconomic restraints and management. Costefficient and sustainable use of coastal areas isthereforeacomplexandinterwovenissue.Makingdecisionswithinsuchcomplexsystemscanbemore difficult themore information is available and simple solutions not based on a holistic,knowledgebasedviewcanleadtodisasters.

Solution:Arealitymodelorarchitectureconceptisintroduced.Similarconceptsareusedinothersectors,suchasenterprise, intermodaltransport,andsoftwaredevelopment.Therealitymodel isbased on a vision and is a topdown holistic description of all of the elements and relationsbetweenelementsthatispartofthesystem.Theoverallaimistoestablishacommonframeworkforintegratedcoastalmanagementbasedonacceptedgoals,experience,existingmodels,andcrossdisciplinaryknowledge.Themodelidentifiesconditionsforhownewscientificknowledgecanbe


implemented indecisionmakingand isaguide for costefficient collectionof information to fillknowledge gaps.Themodel includes functional and information architecture,which, combinedwithfutureICT,canbethebasisfordevelopingdecisionsupporttoolssothatsustainablesolutionscanbefoundondifferentmanagementlevelsaspartofaholisticapproachandthusreducetheriskoffailure.

Keywords:architecture,coastalzone,realitymodel.

Contact author: Knut Torsethaugen, SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture, Norway email:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:14

TheGerricoproject:whenmodellinghelpstheintegratedmanagementofthecoastalarea

L.Barill,M.Dussauze,S.Gaillard,J.Gille,B.Hitier,H.OgerJeanneret,M.Robin,andM.Sanchez

TheGerricoProject,managedjointlybyIfremerandtheUniversityofNantes,isfocusedontheBayofBourgneuf.Located in the southof theLoireestuaryon theFrenchAtlantic coast, thisbay islargelyused byoyster farming (13000tyearly) and characterizedbymany interestinghabitats,suchasseagrassbedsandhoneycombworms.InrecentyearstheBayofBourgneufhasbeenfacedwith several problems affecting oyster growth, survival, and quality, themaintenance ofwaterquality,biodiversity,andthesustainabilityofactivities.TheoriginalfeatureoftheGerricoProjectisthedevelopmentofmethodscapableoftaking intoaccounttheentireareafrom thewatersheddowntothemarshesandthecoastalsea,usingachainofcoupledmodelstointegratethedifferentactivitiesbycombiningphysicalmodelling(sedimentology,hydrodynamics),biologicalmodelling(growth of the algal biomass, oyster growth), and economicmodelling (management of oysterrearing parcs on the scale of the production basin or shellfishfarming business). The commonpoint driving this approach is water quality, on which depends the optimization of coastalactivities.Somescenariosatdifferentspatialandtemporalscales(e.g.increasingnutrients;oystergrowth variability between farming sites, impact of trophic competitors (slipper limpets,wildoysters),carryingcapacityassessment)havebeenimplementedinordertosimulatethebiologicalandsocioeconomicconsequencesofdifferenttypesofmanagement.Theobjectiveistoestablishadynamictoolthatwillprovideafirmbasisforintegratedmanagementofthecoastalarea.

Keywords: coastal area, ecologicalmodelling, economicmodelling,marshes, oyster farming, physicalmodelling,watersheds.

Contactauthors:H.OgerJeanneret,LaboratoireLERMPL,Nantes,France[email:[email protected]]andM.Robin[email:[email protected]].

ICESCM2010/B:15

Participatory approach to identify governance indicators for integrated coastalzonemanagement:thecaseofMarineProtectedAreas

G.David,B.Cazalet,A.S.Barnay,E.Couture, J.Ferraris,P.G.Fleury,P.Malterre,N.Pascal,D.Pelletier,P.Salaun,E.Tessier,andA.Thomassin

MarineProtectedAreas(MPAs)arethelaboratoryofintegratedcoastalmanagement.DrivingtheMPAsystemrequirestheimplementationofabatteryofindicatorsofgovernance.Thisgovernancemusttakeintoaccountboththeinternaldynamicsofthesystemandthethreatscomingfromthesystem environment.As part of a research project funded by the FrenchMinistry of Ecology,(Liteauprogram),fourcoralreefMPAswereselectedaspilotstudies(StMartinintheCaribbean,Reunion andMayotte in the IndianOcean, the SouthLagoonofNewCaledonia inOceania) todevelopgovernanceindicators jointlybetweenscientistsandmanagersofMPAs.Theapproachisdefinitelybottomup.Itisbasedonthecoconstructionofindicators.Inthatway,theviewsofthescientistswhobringtheirknowledgeofgovernanceandICZMwerecrossedwiththeviewsoftheMPAmanagerswhobringtheirfieldknowledgeandspecificrequestsrelatingtothemanagement


of theirMPAs. The process was conducted in five steps which will be described. The mainindicatorswillbepresentedandthendiscussed.

Keywords:Frenchoverseasterritories,governanceindicators,ICZM,marineprotectedareas,participatoryapproach.

Contactauthor:GilbertDavid,IRD,UnitESPACE,BP70,29280Plouzan,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:16

SomehintsontheriskoffailinginIZCM

G.DavidandA.Thomassin

The risk of failing in integrated coastalzone management (ICZM)is it only ascribable toincreasinganthropogenicpressuresinthecoastalenvironment?BasedontheexampleofReunionIslandandotherFrenchoverseasregion,theviewexpressedhereisthatthemainriskresultsfromthelackofstructureinICZM:(i)inthearenaofpublicauthoritiesactingonthecoast;(ii)amongprivate actors; and (iii) between public authorities and private actors. The integration betweenpublicactorsisdrivenbycoastalplanningschemesbutitdoesnotworkashoped.Thus,thedailymanagementofcoastalactivitiesremainssectoral.LocalpoliticiansareoftenwaryoftheconceptofICZMwhichtheyseeasatopdownconcept.Therelationshipsbetweentheauthoritiesandlocalstakeholders dealing with coastal management are usually driven by rules. But often theenforcement isweak, owing to a poor acceptance of these rules by the local stakeholders. Toimprove the situation, the establishment of bodies for dialogue and consultation between thepublicauthoritiesandlocalstakeholdersisrequested.Inamorerealisticway,collectingindicatorsdevotedtosocialacceptabilitycouldbeafirstimprovement.Theestablishmentofabodydealingwith information sharing, including indicators, among thepublic authorities could be a secondstep.Thus, integrated informationmanagement isaprerequisitetoICZM.AvoidanceofthisrulemayriskmajorfailureinICZM.

Keywords:ICZM,informationsharing,ReunionIsland,riskoffailing,socialacceptabilityindicators.

Contactauthor:GilbertDavid,IRD,UnitESPACE,BP70,29280Plouzan,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:17

UsingBayesiannetworkmodellingtocopewiththeMarineProtectedAreagovernanceissue

J.B.Marre,J.Ferraris,M.Badie,P.Leenhardt,P.H.Wuillemin,andC.Chaboud

Bayesiannetworksareuseful tools formodelling interactionsandpredictions in socioecologicalsystems because they offer a robust theoretical framework towards risk and uncertaintymanagement problems through the use of probabilities. Furthermore, this theory gives thepossibilityofcombiningexpertknowledgeanddata.Thatiswhytheyhavebeensuccessfullyusedforhelpingresourcemanagementdecisionmakingprocessinnumerouscasestudies.WeproposeapplicationofthisapproachinordertodealwiththeMarineProtectedAreasgovernanceissue.AfirstmodelofBayesiannetworkhasalreadybeendeveloped fromaFrenchPolynesiacasestudyconcerningfisheriesresponsetoregulationsinMooreaIsland.Thisstepallowedustothinkaboutamore comprehensivemodel,whichwouldencompass theecological,economic,and institutionalcomponents that underlie the understanding of theMarine Protected Areas governance issue.Thereforewederivedasecondmodelfromsixcasestudies:threeintheMediterraneanandthreein French overseas areas.The first objectivewas todraw through the structure of theBayesiannetworkasyntheticandcomparativeframeworkthatrepresentstheexpertknowledgerelativetotheMarineProtectedAreasimplementationsandtheirconsequencesonthedifferentcomponentsof the socioecological system. The second objective is to simulate a governance scenario for aparticular case studyas the impacts of different regulation measures on the resources andbiodiversity conservation of the ecosystem or on the satisfaction of users such as fishers ortouristsonce theparametersof themodelhavebeensetupbyusingbothdatabaseandexpertjudgement.


Keywords: Bayesian networks, expert knowledge, fishery management and regulations, governance,indicators, integrated approach, Marine Protected Areas, probability, risk management, scenarios,simulation,socialacceptability,tourism.

Contactauthor:JeanBaptisteMarreChartres,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:18

Constructingandvalidating indicatorsofMarineProtectedAreasperformancefordecisionsupport

D.Pelletier,F.Alban,B.Beliaeff,B.Cazalet,P.Chabanet,E.Charbonnel,E.Coutures,G.David,P.Dumas,J.Ferraris,P.Francour,E.Gamp,A.Gigou,M.Jarraya,L.LeDireach,P.Lenfant,P.Malterre,D.Mouillot,J.Pastor,J.Payrot,K.Pothin,D.Roos,P.Salaun,E.Tessier,andL.Vigliola

Marine ProtectedAreas (MPAs) are a key instrument formanaging coastal ecosystems.ManyinternationalagendasfosterthecreationofMPAforachievingconservationofmarinebiodiversity,but also fisherymanagement andmore generallymanagement of coastaluses. Scientific advicetogetherwith the provision of adequate tools is needed to assistmanagers inmonitoring andassessingMPAperformance.Forthispurpose,asoundcollaborationbetweenscienceandpolicymakers is critical.Amajor objective of this collaboration is to define appropriate indicators inrelation todetailedmanagementobjectivesandactions.Indicatorsare intended tohelp insettingup appropriate conservation and regulation measures or adapting existing ones. This paperpresents the approach developed in the PAMPA project for deciding, testing, and validatingindicatorsofMPAperformance.Formalizingobjectives,constraints,andneeds formanagers isafirststepinthisprocess.Thesecondstepistotestandvalidatecandidateindicatorsfromrealfielddata throughapplication tovariouscasestudies. Indicatorsarerelated tobiodiversity,resources,uses,andgovernance;theyareobtainedfromseveralobservationtechniquesandpertaintoseveralcasestudiesovertheworld,bothintheMediterraneanandinFrenchcoralreefareas.Theapproachisillustratedthroughvariousexamplesfromthesecasestudies.

Keywords:decisionsupportsystem,indicators,MarineProtectedArea,multidisciplinary,PAMPAproject.

Contactauthor:DominiquePelletier, IfremerCentredeBrest,LaboratoiredeBiologieHalieutique,France email:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:19

Economicassessmentoftheecosystemservicesprovidedbyfreshwaterin thecoastalzone:anapplicationtotheCharenterivercatchment

R. Mongruel, J. A. Prez Agndez, H. Levrel, H. Rthoret, J. BallBganton, M. Lample, P.Bordenave,F.Vernier,J.Prou,andC.Bacher

Integratedcoastalzonemanagementisanemerginggovernancepracticewhichaimsatcombiningenvironmentalpreservation,economicdevelopment,andsocialconcernsinthecontextofcomplexecosystem dynamics and increasing anthropogenic pressures.Coastalmanagers need economicassessments inorder to investigate the consequences ofpolicyoptionswhich apply todifferentsectors simultaneously and pursuemultiple objectives. The ecosystem services concept offers aframework for a better understanding of users conflicts andmanagement tradeoffs regardingnatural resources and the environment. This paper presents an economic assessment of thevariations of the ecosystem services supplied by freshwater in the coastal zone, depending onvariousmanagement options. This assessment has been carried out according to the systemapproach frameworkmethodology developed by the European project SPICOSA (Science andPolicy Integration forCoastalSystemAssessment).An integrated systemicmodelhasbeenbuiltfollowing a participative approach in order to address the issue of freshwater allocation in thePertuisCharentais region. The stakeholder forum agreed upon the assumption that freshwaterscarcity affects mainly provisioning services used by households (drinking water) andagriculture(irrigation),culturalservicesusedbyrecreationalfishers,supportservicesusedbyshellfishfarming,andregulationservicesneededbywetlands.Theeconomicassessmentofthese


ecosystemservicesisbasedontwomethods:remediationcostsandproductivitylosses.Theresultscontribute to thedeliberativeprocessengagedwith localmanagers inorder toexplorenewrulesandinstitutionalarrangementsforwaterallocation,theirconsequencesonecosystemservices,andtheirmeaningsintermsofconflictmitigation.

Keywords: economicassessment, ecosystem services, integrated coastalzonemanagement,productivitylosses,remediationcosts,userconflicts.

Contactauthor:RmiMongruel,MarineEconomicsDepartment,IfremerCentredeBrest,BP70,29280Plouzan,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:20

Seriesofinstitutionalandlegalframesinthecoastalzonemanagement:wherearetherisksoffailing,whereareurgenciesinthefieldoflaw?

FlorenceGalletti

Sincethemid1980s,coastalzonemanagementhasbeenaffectedbyseveraltoolsinthelawsector:protectionthroughnationalorEuropeanEnvironmentalLaw,theLawoftheSea,andinparticularlegal constraintsandpermissivenessof the famousFrenchLaw calledlawcoast,oroneof itsEuropeancounterparts.Theseconstraintsoncoastalandmaritimezoneshavebeenintegratedwithvariablesuccessinintegratedcoastalzonemanagement,althoughitisnotalegalconcept.Despiteallmeasures of institutional and legal frameworks, coastal areas,which had been presented asdynamiczones,mainly intermsofeconomicsandtourism,arefacingmanydifficulties.Theyarelinkedtoacomplexsetoffactors:dependenceonforeignmarkets,greatwealthtobegainedinashort time,developmentof the industrial sectorasharbouractivity,amassof legal tools in therelations between state and private sector, legal insecurity, condemnations, trials, etc. Suchdifficultieshave led thepublicpoliciessector toacriticalsituation,asexemplified inFrance.Wediscuss the risksof failing in legalcoastalzonemanagementand itsevolution. Is thecollapseofthissystemofcoastalzonemanagementpredictable?UnderstandingtheeffectsofFrenchlawof3January 1986, relative to the arrangement, protection, and development of the coast on publicpoliciesledbydecentralizedinstitutions.Whatarethecontributionsandlimitsofthislaw?Canweenvisageothercomponentsforthecoastalzonemanagementbythelaw?

Keywords:decentralizationprocess,environmentallaw,Frenchlawcalledlawcoast,law,lawofthesea,legalcoastalzonemanagement,marineandcoastalpublicpolicies,MarineProtectedArea,state.

Contactauthor:FlorenceGalletti,InstitutdeRecherchepourleDveloppement,IRDUMR212EMEEcosystmesMarinsExploits,CentredeRechercheHalieutique(CRH),avenueJeanMonnet,BP171,34203Ste,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESCM2010/B:21 Poster

Whyandhowintegratedcoastalzonemanagementshouldbeputintothecontextofnationalmaritimestrategies

YvesHenocque

Over the last 30 years hundreds of integrated coastalzonezonemanagement (ICZM) initiativeshave takenplaceallover theworldbutwithvery limited success for anumberof reasons.Forexample,(i) localICZMprojectsoftenbecomeanend in themselvesrather thanastep towardsaselfsustainingprocess, (ii) theperceptionof ICZMas an environmentalmanagementactivity isstubbornlypersistent,thereisaneedtoembedICZMintoeconomicdevelopment,theverypracticeofenvironmentalpolicy integration,and(iii)there isa lackofconcretearticulationbetween localICZMactionandnationalpolicy.Asregardsthelatter,thingsarenowchangingrapidlyinmanycountries, including theEuropean countriesunder the incentive of thenewEuropeanmaritimepolicy.Nowadays, ICZM initiativesare tobe considered in the frameworkofnationalmaritimepoliciesandtheirunderpinningprinciples,includingtheecosystembasedapproach.

Keywords:ecosystembasedapproach,environmentalpolicyintegration,ICZM,maritimepolicies.


Contactauthor:YvesHenocque,Nature&Society,ProspectiveandScientificStrategyDivision, Ifremer,155rueJeanJacquesRousseau,92138IssylesMoulineauxCedex,Franceemail:[email protected].

ICESASC2010/B:22 Poster

Applicationofmarinespatialplanningtoolstotheminimizationofrisktorenewableenergydevelopments

I.M.Davies,M.Harrald,andA.Donald

WaveandtidalstreampowergenerationisahighpriorityfortheScottishGovernmentinmeetingitstargetof50%oftheelectricitydemandinScotlandtobemetfromrenewableresourcesby2020.Renewableenergyprojectshave thepotential to interactwith theenvironment (e.g.conservationaims)andwithotherusesofthesea(e.g.shippingroutes,fishingareas).Asignificantrisk intheregulatory process is that these interactionsmust be formally assessed (e.g. through EIA andAppropriateAssessmentunder theEUBirdsandHabitatsDirectives)andreduced toacceptablelevels.MarineScotlandcollaboratedwithTheCrownEstate(ownersoftheUKseabed)toidentifyareas ofwave and tidal stream resourcewhich avoided sensitive areas and limited impacts onexistingmarineuses.The identificationofpotentiallysuitabledevelopmentareaswasaddressedthrough the application ofmarine spatial planning tools to develop an information frameworkcovering the availabilityof exploitable resource and awide rangeof informationon constraintsincluding incompatible current uses, environmental designations, shipping, commercial fishing,recreation,biodiversity,andfishspawningandnurserygrounds.Theoutputwasaseriesofmapsidentifying the relative degree of constraint onwave and tidal development areas around theScottishcoast,fromwhichdecisionscouldbemadeonareastoconsiderforearlyleasingforwaveandtidalpowerdevelopment.

Keywords:marinespatialplanningtools,renewableenergy,riskmanagement,tidalstream,wave.

Contactauthor:IanM.Davies,MarineScotland,MarineLaboratory,375VictoriaRoad,AberdeenAB119DB,UKemail:[email protected].


Shortterm chronological visualization of posthurricane destruction in PuertoRico usinggeographicinformationsystems

JacobSpuck

Much ofwhatwe know about hurricane destruction today is a result ofmany years of posthurricaneimpactassessmentbyvariousprofessionalsacrosstheworld.Althoughtherehavebeenmanywaysinwhichtostudyposthurricanedestruction,moderntechnologyistodayallowingformoredetailedanalysisofimpactassessment.Withtheuseofgeographicinformationsystems(GIS)asone applicationof technology,we arenotonly able to study longterm impactsofhurricanedestruction,butalsoshortterm impacts thatoccurchronologicallyup to72hafter thehurricanehaspassed.Studiessuchasthesearecriticalwaysinwhichwecanhelptoplanforevacuationandminimizecasualtiesfromposthurricaneimpacts.

Keywords:coastalzonemanagement,naturaldiasasters,remotesensing/GIS.

Authorcontact:JacobSpuck,FloridaStateUniversityGeography,Shippenville,PA,USA[email:[email protected]].

ICESCM2010/B:24

Spatiotemporalvariabilityof fish functionalassemblagesalongamarineestuarinecoastalgradient

DorotheKoppandAnikBrindAmour

The coastal areas are highly dynamic ecosystems displaying great natural variability intemperature and salinity conditions. These factors, recognized asmajor drivers shaping coastal


communities,areexpectedtochangerelativetoglobalwarming.Recentstudieshavehighlightedtemporal trends in the spatial distribution ofwarmwater andmarine fish species in differentestuariesof theBayofBiscay.Simulationsrecentlyrealizedwith themodelMars3D indicatedanincreaseinthemeanbottomtemperature(+1.5C)andmeansalinity(+2psu)overthepast30yearsin the Bay of Vilaine, an open shallow muddy estuarine area under the direct influence offreshwaterinflows.ThispaperassessesthespatiotemporalpatternsofmarinemigrantspeciesthatusetheBayofVilaineasacoastalnurseryground.Itusesafishdatasetfrombeamtrawlnurserydedicated surveys carriedout from the endofAugust to the endofOctoberbetween 1981 and2009.Analyseswere conductedusinga functionaldescriptionof the fish species categorizedbyspeciestoleranceoftemperatureandsalinityconditions.Thepresentstudyisacontributiontotheecologicalunderstandingoftemperatureandsalinitychangesincoastalecosystems.

Keywords:BayofVilaine,fishcommunity,functionalgroups,nurserygrounds,salinity,timeseries.

Contact author: Anik BrindAmour, Ifremer,Dpartement Ecologie etModles pour lHalieutique, Rue de lledYeu,BP21105,44311NantesCedex03,Franceemail:[email protected].


AssessingpotentialimpactsofMarineProtectedAreasonvariousGulfofStLawrencestocksandfisheriesusingISISFish

BenoitArchambault,StephanieMahevas,GuyCantin,JohanneGauthier,andDanielDuplisea

Canadian demersal stocks have faced a strong decline in recent decadesmostly as a result ofoverexploitation.In2007,variousinitiativesstartedtoprotectfragilemarineenvironments,counterpollution,andstrengthenpreventivemeas

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