Absolutism – England16.3

1. Protestants who sought to purify the church of Catholic practices.

2. The first Stuart monarch.3. The leader of the Roundheads and the New Model

Army.4. Government whose power is defined and limited by

law. 5. This king was tried and executed by his own people.a. Oliver Cromwell e. Charles I b. William Laud f. Constitutional c. James I g. Limitedd. Charles II h. Puritan

English Problems• The problems in

England revolved around power struggles between Parliament and the monarchy.

• Religion also a source of conflict.

• What did each claim as their basis for control?

Problems in England• Queen Elizabeth’s

death led to the Stuarts ascending the throne.

• King James Stuart. Divine right ruler, problems with Parliament (religious) as well as philosophical.

Religious Issuesp. 517

• James I – Calvinist/Presbyterian • England – Anglican• Dissenters – differed from Anglican Church- ex. Puritans• What did the Puritans believe? What were their

goals?

Charles I (1625)

• Prison w/o trial• Needed money • “Petition of Right” by Parliament forced on

King.– Not tax w/out Pmt.– Can’t impose martial law in peacetime.What did Charles I do?

Outcome of Charles• Ignored the Petition of Right -it was contradiction of

absolute monarchy.• Angered Scots and Parliament (Laud, prayer book)

– Started revolt in Scotland, with whom does Charles need to consult with?

• Long Parliament – 1640 -1653 -executed Laud-declared Parliament could not be dissolved-Charles used troops to arrest leaders (1642); who

raised own army

Civil War• What happened?• Civil War (1642-1649)

between loyalists (Cavaliers) and Parliament supporters (Roundheads)

• Rise of Oliver Cromwell and the NMA

Civil War and Cromwell

• Captured Charles and tried for treason and executed

- Significance?• Cromwell’s rule.

– Military dictator (sent parliament home)– Puritan (no fun)– Catholic persecution– Irish (catholic) treatment– Commonwealth (Republic) – Cromwell the Lord

Protector (1653) Ended with death in 1658

Execution of the King

Restoration p.520-521

• Charles II (Charles I’s son) voted into power with limitations placed by parliament (1660) – Merry Monarch

• James II – Catholic, younger bro of Charles II

• Problems with James-Open Catholic-appointed Catholics- Acted absolutist

William and Mary and the Glorious Revolution

• Mary - daughter of James II married to William the Orange III from Netherlands.

• 1688 overthrew James with little bloodshed. James flees to France.

Limited Monarchyp.521-522

• Constitution or legislative body limits monarch• Move away from absolutism to constitutional

monarchy (gov’t power is defined and limited by law) . • Cabinet members (Prime Minister)-where did the term “cabinet” come from?• Toleration Act 1689: freedom of religion (except

Catholics)• Bill of Rights 1689 (only Anglicans can hold office)

– Freedom of speech in Pmt.– No taxes w/out Pmt. Approval– No standing army in peacetime-Habeas Corpus