About scales and physics in the cosmos€¦ · Breanndan O Nuaillan. AMUSE philosophy Build on...

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The Jungle Universe About scales and physics in the cosmos Simon Portegies Zwart Sterrewacht Leiden

Transcript of About scales and physics in the cosmos€¦ · Breanndan O Nuaillan. AMUSE philosophy Build on...

Page 1: About scales and physics in the cosmos€¦ · Breanndan O Nuaillan. AMUSE philosophy Build on community codes Standarized interfaces Automate as much as possible Builds on lessons

The Jungle UniverseAbout scales and physics in the cosmos

Simon Portegies ZwartSterrewacht Leiden

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Observation of 

the early universe

(WMAP)

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Abel1689

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Stephen's quintuplet

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The universe is multi­physics

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The universe is multi­scale

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Jungle scales

Size scale covers anythin from:● 13.8 billion light years to km­size  

● that covers 24 orders of magnitude

● 13.8 billion years to seconds● that covers 18 orders of magnitude

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D uDt

=F−∇ pρ

ν ∇ 2u

( )uut

u

Dt

uD

∇⋅+∂∂=

0=⋅∇ u

),,(4

),,(),,(),,(

),,(4

1

4

2

2

4

i

igraviinuc

i

YTPPr

GmT

m

T

YTPYTPYTPm

L

YTPrm

r

r

Gm

m

P

∇−=∂∂

++=∂∂

=∂∂

−=∂∂

π

εεε

ρπ

π

ν

F = G m1 m2

r 2

)(νν

ν k

jS =

ννν

τSI

d

dI

s

+−=

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Sir Arthur Eddington

Sir Isaac Newton

Cloude­Louise NavierGeorge Gabriel Stokes

Subrahanyan ChandrasekharJames Clark Maxwell

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Abacus (500BC, 

compute speed ~10FLOP)

Sumerian cuneform clay tabletdated around 1,200BCexplaining the periodic behavior the planet Venus around 1,600BC(compute speed ~ 1 FLOP)

Prehistoric computational astrophysics

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”...'Pray, Mr. Babbage, if you put into the machine wrong figures, will the right answers come out?' I am not able rightly to apprehend the kind of confusion of ideas that could provoke such a question."

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Jun & GRAPE­4

von Neuman & IAS

~30 000 000 times faster

500BC

2003

1960

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Stellar evolution

Gravity

gas­dynamicshydro­dynamics

Radiative transportMaxwell equations

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DAS­4

LGM

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Computational challenges

● High performance (desktop) computing● Distributed (wide area) computing

● Problem solving environments (software)● Data acquisition● Data mining● Visualization● Virtual collaboration

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1908­2000

10mFlops

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Manchester mark1 (1948, 550 FLOPs) Software by Tom Kilburn

Software operated computers

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 The next generation problem solving environments

● Specialization (higher resolution)● Optimization (high­performance)● Diversification (wide range of applications)● Hybridization (multi physics)● Preservation (containment of existing codes)

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The Astrophysical Multipurpose 

Software Environment 

AMUSE

http://amusecode.org

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Scientific research and development team

● Marco Spaans ● Gijs Nelemans● Vincent Icke● Onno Pols● Lex Kaper

● Steve McMillan● Paul Groot● Eline Tolstoy● Evert Glebbeek● Rien vd Weijgeart● Rob Knop● John Fregeau● Breanndan O Nuaillan

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AMUSE ­ philosophy● Build on community codes● Standarized interfaces● Automate as much as possible● Builds on lessons learned from previous generations● Core Team: 

– Inti Pelupessy (post­doc)

– Arjen van Elteren (software engineer)

– Marcel Marosvolgi, Nathan de Vries (programmers)

– David Jansen (user support)

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AMUSE ­ design

Gravity 

HydrodynamicsStellar Evolution

Radiative Transfer

Unit handling

Data conversion

Initial conditions

INPUT OUTPUT

Compare models

AMUSE

Combining existing codes

With an extensive support framework

 To provide a generic framework

For doing astrophysical experiments

www.amusecode.org

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Next Level

Legacy Interfaces

AMUSE http://amusecode.org

C/C++ code Fortran Code

MPI

Message Channel

RTGD HD SE

Particles

Python Script

Units

● Layers having different roles

● Written in C/C++, Java Fortran and Python

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Pelupessy etal in prep

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User script Community codeMessage passing script Message passing source

evolve()

Send request

Send request

evolve()Confirm request

Evolve() done

Send answer

Send request

Confirm request

Confirm requestConfirm request

Send answer

Process 1 Process 2

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Two examples

● Formation of J1903+0327 (ApJ in press: ArXive:1103­2275)– Gravitational dynamics + Stellar evolution

● Evolution of young star cluster (to be submitted)– Gravitational dynamics + Stellar evolution + Hydro 

dynamics

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NGC3603 cluster

By HST

Simulating Embedded star clusters

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Numerical ingredients● Gravitational dynamics

– Direct N­body integration (PhiGRAPE) 

– GPU or GRAPE equipped pc

● Stellar evolution– Henyey stellar evolution (MESA)

– Beowulf computer cluster

● Gas dynamics– Smoothed particles hydrodynamics (Fi)

– Super computer

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Evolution of a gas rich star clusterSFE=0.05 f

fb=0.1

SFE=0.50 ffb=0.01

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AMUSE Today

● Automated referencing● Unit conversion● Online documentation● Suite of examples● Intricate module coupling via Hamiltonian 

splitting

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Wish­list for AMUSE● Runtime crash­recovery● Self­consistent code restart● Initial conditions repository● Extensive data mining and analysis toolbox● High­performance AMUSE● AMUSE on the grid (PDRA Niels Drost VU)● Asynchronous communication support● Load balancing on heterogeneous architectures● Data tunneling protocol