ABB AVR PPT
-
Upload
thitipong-rukkhot -
Category
Documents
-
view
236 -
download
1
Transcript of ABB AVR PPT
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
1/45
UNITROLUNITROL 50005000
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
2/45
Refresher:Refresher:
Excitation SystemsExcitation Systems
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
3/45
UNITROL5000
AVR
Automatic VoltageRegulator
Excitation Transformer
Thyristor
ConverterCrowbar
Field Breaker
Excitation System Main ComponentsExcitation System Main Components
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
4/45
UNITROL5000
Providing variable DC current with
short time overload capability Controlling terminal voltage with
suitable accuracy
Ensure stable operation withnetwork and / or other machines
Keep machine within permissibleoperating range
Contribution to transient stabilitysubsequent to a fault.
Communicate with the power plantcontrol system
AVR
Excitation System Duties
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
5/45
UNITROL5000
Max. field current limiterMax. field current limiter
Min. field current limiterMin. field current limiter
Stator current limiterStator current limiter
Under excitation P,Q limiterUnder excitation P,Q limiter
P
+Q-Q 1/Xd
Power Chart with Opreation Limits
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
6/45
UNITROL5000 Excitation Transformer
Galvanic insulation between power
source and rotor winding
Limitation of DC short circuit current
Adaptation of supply voltage to reach the
required ceiling voltage
Air cooled or oil immersed
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
7/45
UNITROL5000 Thyristor Converter
Rectification of AC voltage
Fast control of DC current
Inversion of DC voltage
Short-time overcurrent capability
Withstand certain overvoltages onAC side
Limitation of commutation
overvoltages
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
8/45
UNITROL5000 Field Discharge Circuits
Field Breaker on AC-side of the converter
Opening of field circuit under fault conditions
Fast absorption of field energy
Field overvoltage protection
Allow machine to slip
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
9/45
UNITROL5000 AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator
Control terminal voltage on preset value with required accuracy
Ensure stable operation with network and / or other machines
Keep machine within permissible operating range
Generate thyristor triggering pulses even under possible fault conditions
Communicate with the power plant control system
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
10/45
UNITROL5000 Basic Characteristics
Excitation Current up to 10000 amps
Input frequency range from 16 Hz to 400 Hz
Adaptable to different redundancy requirements for controls and converters
State of the art man machine interface
Compatibility with most applied power plant control systems
Remote diagnostics
Comfortable commissioning tools
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
11/45
UNITROL5000 Operational Application
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
12/45
UNITROL5000
RangeofA
pplication
Generator Power/Excitation current
Excitation withrotating machines
Static Excitation Systems
UNITROL5000
UNITROLF
UN 1000
15A 500 A >10000 AIfn
Product RangeProduct RangeUNITROL
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
13/45
UNITROL5000
UNITROL 5000UNITROL 5000 UNITROLF
REDUNDANCY- Control Current control back up or Full redundancy
full redundancy
- converter Twin or N-1 Twin
HARDWARE- No. of digital I/Os >32 32- Current measurement 3-phase 1-phase
BUS COMMUNICATION AF100 30 words AF100 6 Words
CONVERTOR SUPPLY 16400 Hz (unlim. Current) DC 25 A16400 Hz max
300 A
Delimitation Against UNF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
14/45
UNITROL5000
UNITROL 5000UNITROL 5000 UNITROL
CONTROL FUNCTIONS Adaptive Power SystenStabilizer
CONVERTER Negative excitation current
(4 quadrant)Automatic equalizing ofbridge current
FAULT HANDLING Real time stamp sequence of faults
Delimitation Against UNF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
15/45
Main Standard Software FunctionsMain Standard Software Functions
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
16/45
UNITROL5000
Me
asuring
Protection
Monitoring
AVR + FCR
Logic Control
Fieldbreaker
Field flashingField suppression
AVR 1AVR 2
ConverterControl
CONVERTER 1
CONVERTER 2
CONVERTER 3
AVR = Autom. Voltage Reg.
FCR = Field Current Reg.
Systems Overview
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
17/45
UNITROL5000 Standard Program Functions
CLOSEDCLOSED--LOOP CONTROLLOOP CONTROL (AVR, Limiters, Other controllers) Voltage regulator with adjustable PID filter circuit Soft-start (gradual voltage increase)
Reactive and active current droop Individually adjustable limiters
- overexcited (max. field current, stator current)
- underexcited (-Q = f (P) * U2, stator current, min. field current)
- Volt per Hertz
Superimposed controllers- Power Factor
- MVAr
- Soft-stop (MVAr unload)
Power System Stabilizer (add. Hardware required)
Field current regulator with adjustable PI filter Follow-up control between AUTO / MAN mode
A
UTOMATIC
MANUAL
IARV / UNF10 E
CHIND / 612
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
18/45
UNITROL5000
Max. field current limiterMax. field current limiter
Min. field current limiterMin. field current limiterStator current limiterStator current limiter
Under excitation P,Q limiterUnder excitation P,Q limiter
P
+Q-Q 1/Xd
Power Chart with Operation Limits
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
19/45
UNITROL5000
+P[MW]
+Q[MVAR]-Q
Q = 0.2 p.u
+P [MW]
+Q [MVAR]
-P
-Q
Cos = 0.8
a) POWER FACTOR Control b) REACTIVE POWER Control
Superimposed RegulatorsSuperimposed Regulators
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
20/45
UNITROL5000 Standard Program Functions
MONITORING AND PROTECTIONMONITORING AND PROTECTION
Thyristor conduction monitoring Thyristor heatsink temperature
DC short-circuit Field flashing time Loss of actual value (PT failure)
Overcurrent Volts per Hertz Loss of excitation Rotor temperature
Rotating diode failure (add. hardware required)
IARV / UNF11 E
CHIND / 612
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
21/45
UNITROL5000
Rotor thermal overload stage 1
Rotor over temperature stage 1
Loss of p.t.
SW supervision per channelHW supervision per channelsupply monitoring
HW /SW
monitoring
Thyristormonitoring
Air flow
monitoring
Monitoring Concept
(use of redundancy)
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
22/45
UNITROL5000
Overflux V/HzOver temperatrure
Over load
Rotor earth faultRotor short circuit
Rotor thermal overload stage 2Rotor over Temperature stage 2Rotor overvoltage
SW supervisionHW supervision
internal supply
internal shortcircuit
converter overload
Protection Concept (shut down)
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
23/45
UNITROL5000
Current versus time characteristic ofconverter and settings of protectionfunctions for a 48 MVA generator
1 p.u. = 1'315 A
0.1 0.2 10
1
1.6
2
3
t (s)
I(p.u.)
f
n bridges
(n = 3)
n-1 bridges(n = 2)
Change over
to manual
Rotor
Iflimiter
Trip
Induced field current
3ph SC gen. terminals
Induced field current3ph SC HV side block transf.
Overcurrent Capability and
Protection Setting
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
24/45
UNITROL5000
+
_
+
_
AVR Setpoint-V/Hz limiter- Soft start- IQ Compensation- IP Compensation
Underexcit. limiter-Q=F(P,U,UG)-Stator current lead
-Min. field current
Overexcit. limiter-Max field current-Stator current lag
Power SystemStabilizer PSS
Man setpoint
MeasuringandA/D
conversion
Min.
/ma
x.valuepriority
PID
PI
To pulsegeneration
UG, IG, If
UG, IG
UG
UG, IG, If
UG, IG
If
AVRs Main Functions
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
25/45
UNITROL5000
Low
value
gate
PID
PSS
High
value
gate
UGAVR set point
Parameter set 2
IG OEL
IG UEL
P(Q) UEL
Parameter set 3Ie max lim OEL
Ie min lim UEL
Under excitation
limiter
UEL
Over excitation
limiter
OEL
Parameter set 1 AVR
Parameter set
1,2,3
Intervention in the AVR
OEL and UEL Limiters
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
26/45
UNITROL5000
t
UGIf
Field FlashingReference value ramp up
Normal operation
Intervention in the AVRs
Set Point Soft Start
I t ti i th AVR S t P i t
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
27/45
UNITROL5000
+ Q- Q
UG
Uref
droop
compensation
Reactive Power Droop+ P
UG
Uref
droop
compensation
Active Power Droop
Intervention in the AVRs Set Point
Reactive and Active Power Droop
I t ti i th AVR
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
28/45
UNITROL5000
f
UG set point
UG nominal
fnominal
UG min set point
UG max setpoint
Setting range V/Hz
Allowed range of operation
Intervention in the AVRs
Set Point V/Hz-Limiter
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
29/45
UNITROL5000
Power factor control
MVAr control
MVAr unload control
MUB
QBUS
QGEN
PFGEN
PFBUS
Q controlDischarge
P.F control
BUS 1)
Generator
Power
factor
Reactive
Power
Dis-charge
(0)
set point
AVRset point
1) mainly used in
industrial plants
Super-Imposed Controllers
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
30/45
UNITROL5000
Uf [p.u.]
Generatorvoltage [p.u.]
GeneratorReactivePower [p.u.]
1
1+sTR
HV
Gate
LV
Gate 1+sTB2
1+sTC2
UPKR
TBTC
+ 11
UP
KR
TB
TC
11
1+sTB1
1+sTC1
UP
KR
+
UP
KR
KR1
1+sTs
Up+ UTKc If
Up- UT
from under-excitation
Limiters UEL
from over-excitation
Limiters OEL
UT -
UT setpoint
[p.u.]
+
1
1+sTR
1
1+sTR
KIR
KIA
QT
PT
+
+
+
UST
Stabilizing
signal from PSS
GeneratorActivePower [p.u.]
+
+ Parameter Description Unit RangeTR Measuring filter time constant s 0.020
Ts Gate control unit and converter time constant s 0.004
KIR Reactive power compensation factor p.u. -0.20...+0.20
KIA active power compensation factor p.u. -0.20...+0.20
KR Steady state gain p.u. 10...1000
Kc Voltage drop due to commutation p.u. Acc. Transf.
TB1 Controller first lag time constant s TB1TB2
TB2 Controller second lag time constant s 0
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
31/45
UNITROL5000
s.TW3
1 + s.TW3
Ks2
1 + s.T7
s.TW4
1 + s.TW4
Ks3
V2
UST
+
s.TW1
1 + s.TW1
s.TW2
1 + s.TW2
( )
( )
1 8
1 9
+ +
s T
s T M
N ++
-
1+s.T1
1+s.T2Ks1
1+s.T3
1+s.T4
USTmax USTmax
USTmin USTmin
V1
Parameter Description Unit Range
TW1,TW2 Measuring filter time constant s 0.1...30
TW3,TW4 Gate control unit and converter timeconstant
s 0.1...30
Ks1 PSS gain factor p.u. 0.1...50
Ks2 Compensation factor for calculationof integral of electric power p.u. 0.01...5
Ks3 Signal matching factor p.u. 0.01...5
T1,T3 Lead time constants of conditioningnetwork
s 0.00...2.50
T2,T4 Lag time constants of conditioningnetwork
s 0.00..2.50
Parameter Description Unit Range
T7 Time constant for integral of electricpower calculation
s 3...30
T8 Ramp tracking filter time constant s 0.00...2.50
T9 Ramp tracking filter time constant s 0.00...2.50
M Ramp tracking filter degree - 2...5
N Ramp tracking filter degree - 1...4
USTmax Upper limit of stabilizing signal p.u. 0.000...3.277
USTmin Lower limit for stabilizing signal p.u -0.000...-3.277
Transfer Function
Acc. to IEEE PSS 2A
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
32/45
RedundancityRedundancity conceptconcept
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
33/45
UNITROL5000
IARV / SES38 E
CHIND / 805
Redundancy
Every converter bridge is supplied with its own ventilator and pulse
amplifier.
(n-1) Redundancy Several converter bridges operating in parallel at the same
time (3 x 50 %, 4 x 33.3 %, etc.)
In case of failure of one bridge, this one is blocked.Operation continues without restrictions.
(1+1) Redundancy (Twin)
Two bridges: one in operation, the other blocked (2 x 100 %) In case of failure of the active bridge, there is a switch-over
to the standby bridge.
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
34/45
UNITROL5000
AVR
FCR
UGIG
IF
AVR = Automatic Voltage Regulator
FCR = Field Current Regulator
Single Channel AVRSingle Channel AVR
Automatic channel with change over to manual control
Type S5E
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
35/45
UNITROL5000
AVR
FCR
IF
AVR = Automatic Voltage RegulatorFCR = Field Current Regulator
BFCR = Backup Field Regulator
BFCR
Block
Backup Regulator follows themain control and takes overautomatically in case of failureof the main control but not viceversa
Backup Regulator follows themain control and takes over
automatically in case of failureof the main control but not viceversa
Single Channel and back up FCR
Type D5E
UGIG
IF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
36/45
UNITROL5000
AVR
FCR
Block
IF BFCR
Block
AVR = Automatic Voltage RegulatorFCR = Field Current RegulatorBFCR = Backup Field Regulator
Single Channel and back up FCR
With Redundant Twin Converters(cold standby, 100% redundancity)
Type D5T
UGIG
IF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
37/45
UNITROL5000
AVR
FCR
1
2
n
IF BFCR
Block
AVR = Automatic Voltage RegulatorFCR = Field Current RegulatorBFCR = Backup Field Regulator
Single Channel and back up FCR
With redundant n-1 Converters(Redundancity: 3 x 50%, 4 x 33%, 5 x 25% etc )
Type D5S
UGIG
IF
Dynamic Current Distribution among
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
38/45
UNITROL5000
t
t
t
Current equalizing line
Thyristor firing pulses from AVR
+
-
1 2 n
Dynamic Current Distribution among
Parallel Converters
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
39/45
UNITROL5000
AVR = Autom. Voltage Reg.
FCR = Field Current Reg.
AVR
FCR
AVR
FCR
Block
Two Channel Control
With Single Converter
Type A5E
UGIG
IF
UGIG
IF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
40/45
UNITROL5000
Regulation
Logic Control
Regulation
Monitoring
Protection
Logic Control
Voltage regulator (AUTO)
Field current regulator (MAN)
Power System Stabilizer
Limiter functionsOverriding controllers (P.F., VAr)
Actual voltage value (P.F. failure)
Actual field current value
CPU
Rotor temperature
Field overcurrentV/Hz
Rotating diodes
Actual valuesTrip signals
Status of systemFollow-up
Actual voltage value
Actual field current value
CPU
Field overcurrent
V/Hz
Rotating diodes
Monitoring
Protection
STAND BY OPERATING
Redundancy Concept of A5..Types
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
41/45
UNITROL5000
AVR = Autom. Voltage Reg.
FCR = Field Current Reg.
AVR
FCR
AVR
FCR
BlockBlock
Two Channel control
Type A5T
With Redundant Twin Converters(cold standby, 100% redundancity)
UGIG
IF
UGIG
IF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
42/45
UNITROL5000
AVR = Autom. Voltage Reg.
FCR = Field Current Reg.
AVR
FCR
1
2
n
AVR
FCR
Block
Two Channel control
With redundant n-1 Converters(Redundancity: 3 x 50%, 4 x 33%, 5 x 25% etc )
Type A5S
UGIG
IF
UGIG
IF
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
43/45
UNITROL5000
BFCRIF
IF BFCR
AVR
FCR
1
2
n
AVR
FCR
Two Channel control with Back up FCR
Type Q5S With redundant n-1 Converters(Redundancity: 3 x 50%, 4 x 33%, 5 x 25% etc )
UGIG
IF
UGIG
IF
UNITROL 5000 S ti l f R d d
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
44/45
UNITROL5000
TRIP
Functionality AVRFull Prot.
Full Monit
Full Control
FCRFull Prot.
Full Monit
Full Control
BFCRBack up
Prot.
Minimum
Control
AVRFull Prot.
Full Monit
Full Control
FCRFull Prot.
Full Monit
Full Control
BFCRBack up
Prot.
Minimum
Control
Possible
Failure
Failure
in AVR
Failure
in Hardware
Failure in
back upcontrol
Failure
in AVR
Failure in
Hardware
Failure in
back upcontrol
D5..
A5..
A5.. with BFCR
CHANNEL 1 CHANNEL 2
Sequentional use of Redundancy
UNITROL 5000
-
8/2/2019 ABB AVR PPT
45/45
UNITROL5000
The reference values of all controllers that are on standby orswitched off are always adjusted so that bumpless change over isassured.
Automatic Voltage Regulator AVR set point
Field Current Regulator FCR set point
Back up Field Current Regulator BFCR set point
Superimposed Q-control set point (optional)
Superimposed Power Factor control set point (optional)
Follow up Control