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b Avj­vnB GKgvÎ mve©‡f․g mËv 16

b Avj­vni AvBb gv‡b wK? 17

b Avj­vni AvBb I mr †jv‡Ki kvmb 18

b Avj­vni AvB‡bi Drm 19

b mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Qvov me AvBbB APj 20

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b mr †jvK †Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e? 24

b mr †jvK •Zixi c×wZ 24

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b mr †jv‡Kiv †hvM¨ nevi my‡hvM cv‡‛Q bv 26

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b Avj­vni AvB‡bi mydj 32

v Bmjvgx miKv‡ii Pvi `dv `vwqZ¡ 34

v Avj­vni AvB‡bi c‡¶ MY`vex PvB 35

v hviv Avj­vni AvBb Pvq Zv‡`i‡K msMwVZ n‡Z n‡e 36

v wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡gB Bmjvgx miKvi Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e 38

v Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi miKvi Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e 38

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eBwUi BwZK_v

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gvby‡li †g․wjK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡bi AvBb, Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y †hb Aciva Ki‡Z eva¨ bv nq †m e¨e ’vi

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Kivi ciI †KD Kz-¯fv‡ei ekeZx© n‡q Aciva Ki‡j Bmjvg Ggb K‡Vvi kvw¯—i AvBb w`‡q‡Q

hv‡Z gvbyl Aciva Kivi mvnmB bv cvq|Ó

weª‡MwWqvi mv‡n‡ei H K_v ïbevi ciB Avwg G eBwU †jLv cÖ‡qvRb g‡b Kijvg| †m wn‡m‡e G

eBwU iPbvq Zuvi c‡iv¶ Ae`vb Aek¨B i‡q‡Q|

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Ki‡Z cviZ hw` kvmKiv mr †jvK n‡Zv| †cÖwm‡W›U I cÖavbgš¿x †_‡K _vbvi `v‡ivMv-cywjk

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webv cwiKíbvq evMvb •Zix nq bv| R½j Avcbv AvcwbB •Zix n‡Z cv‡i| †Zgwb mr †jvK

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Kj¨vY †dWv‡ikb mr †jvK Movi Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i‡Q| Avj­vn cvK G †`‡k mr †jv‡Ki kvmb

Kv‡q‡gi G cÖ‡Póv‡K mdj Ki‚b|

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me †`‡k I me Kv‡jB mgv‡Ri me ¯—‡i AvBb I kvm‡bi `iKvi e‡j mevB ¯xKvi K‡i| ¯vgx

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Kvbyb †g‡b Pj‡Z nq Ges GKRb‡K kvm‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z nq| ivóª n‡jv me‡P‡q eo I

msMwVZ mgvR| AvBb-Kvbyb Qvov †Kvb ivóª Pj‡ZB cv‡i bv| Avi †h‡nZz AvBb wb‡RB Pvjy n‡Z

cv‡i bv, †m‡nZz kvmb e¨e¯’v Aek¨B `iKvi|

AvBb hw` mywePvig~jK I wbi‡c¶ bv nq, Zvn‡j mgv‡R hyjyg I AwePvi P‡j| wKš‘ AvBb hZ

fvjB †nvK, hw` kvmKMY mr bv nq, Zvn‡j AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨B e¨_© nq| kvmK Amr n‡j GKwU

6

fvj AvBbI Ab¨v‡qi nvwZqv‡i cwiYZ nq| ybx©wZ `g‡bi AvBb ybx©wZevR Awdmv‡ii gva¨‡g

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Avgv‡`i †`‡k Lyb I WvKvwZ `g‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvBb Av‡Q| wKš‘ ybx©wZcivqY `v‡ivMv, cywjk I

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gvbyl Rb¥MZfv‡e Amr n‡q cq`v nq bv, GK_v wVK| wKš‘ †Kvb gvbylB Avcbv Avcwb mr n‡q

M‡o DV‡Z cv‡i bv| †m †h gv‡bi cwievi, mgvR I cwi‡e‡k †QvU †_‡K eo nq †m gv‡bB †m

M‡o D‡V| webv cwiKíbvq mr †jvK Mov m¤¢e bq| GK LÛ Rwg wb‡R wb‡R GKUv RsM‡j

cwiYZ nq| †mLv‡b dzj ev d‡ji evMvb webv cwiKíbvq M‡o DV‡e bv|

me gvbylB my‡L-kvwš—‡Z _vK‡Z Pvq| fvj AvBb I mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Qvov G Avkv c~iY n‡Z

cv‡i bv| ZvB G welqUv cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki me‡P‡q Ri‚ix Pvwn`v| wKš‘ ywbqvq GiB me‡P‡q †ekx

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7

AvBb Kv‡K e‡j?

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AvBb †Kv_vq cvIqv hvq? AvB‡bi me©m¤§Z mnR msÁv n‡jv- Law is the will of the

sovereign mve©‡f․g mËvi B‛QvB AvBb| Gi mnR A_© n‡jv, †`‡k P~ovš— dqmvjv †`evi ¶gZv

hvi nv‡Z Av‡Q, Zvi hv gwR© Zv-B AvB‡bi gh©v`v cvq| ¯‥zj, K‡jR, gv`ªvmv, K¬ve, e¨emv cÖwZôvb

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me cÖwZôv‡bi †Kvb weavb‡K †e-AvBbx †NvlYv Ki‡Z cv‡i| AvBb Hme weavb‡K ejv nq, hv

†`‡ki m‡e©v‛P ¶gZvi gvwjK iPbv K‡i| eZ©gvb hy‡M RbMY‡KB iv‡óªi gvwjK e‡j ¯xKvi Kiv

nq| ZvB RbM‡Yi wbe©vwPZ cÖwZwbwa‡`i Øviv †h AvBb mfv MwVZ nq Gi nv‡ZB †`‡ki m‡e©v‛P

¶gZv Av‡Q e‡j †g‡b †bqv nq| G Kvi‡YB Gi bvg †`qv n‡q‡Q Legislature ev AvBb cwil`|

G ai‡bi ms ’vi B‛QvB AvBb| evsjv‡`‡k RvZxq msm` AvBb iPbvi G `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i

_v‡K|

AvBb yÕcÖKvi

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cwil` hZ mn‡R mvaviY msL¨vMwiô m`m¨‡`i B‛Qv Abyhvqx †h †Kvb AvBb cvm Ki‡Z cv‡i, ZZ

mn‡R kvmbZ‡š¿i †Kvb AvBb e`jv‡Z cv‡i bv| G wnmv‡e AvBb yÕcÖKvit †g․wjK I mvaviY|

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†Zgwbfv‡e AvBb mfvi iwPZ †Kvb weav‡bi we‡ivax †Kvb wewa †`‡ki Avi †Kvb cÖwZôvb iPbv

Ki‡j Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ nq| kvmbZš¿B n‡jv †`‡ki eywbqv`x AvBb| AvBb cwil`‡KI

kvmbZ‡š¿i AvbyMZ¨ Ki‡Z nq| AvBb, kvmb I wePvi wefvM kvmbZš¿ AbyhvqxB wbR wbR `vwqZ¡

cvjb Ki‡Z eva¨| Aek¨ kvmbZ‡š¿i we‡ivax bq Ggb †h †Kvb AvBb •Zix Kivi ¶gZv AvBb

mfvi i‡q‡Q|

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bvMwiK‡`i AwaKvi I KZ©e¨ wba©viY K‡i| ZvB AvB‡b hw` fyj ev ΂wU _v‡K, Zvn‡j RbMY‡KB

Gi gvmyj w`‡Z nq| ZvB AvBb Ggb n‡Z n‡e hv‡Z me bvMwi‡Ki •bwZK mg_©b Gi c‡¶ _v‡K|

Z‡eB gvbyl g‡bi ZvwK‡`B AvBb †g‡b Pj‡e|

K‡qKwU Kvi‡Y AvB‡b fyj-΂wU _v‡K t

1| hviv AvBb iPbv K‡i, Zviv hw` me gvby‡li Kj¨v‡Yi e`‡j †Kvb †Mvôx ev †kªYxi ¯v‡_©

AvBb •Zix K‡i| †hgb e„wUk kvmbvg‡j gymwjg RbM‡Yi ¯v‡_©i wei‚‡× Rwgi wPi ’vqx

e‡›`ve‡¯—i AvBb •Zix Kiv n‡qwQj|

2| hw` †`‡ki †ekxi fvM †jv‡Ki Cgvb-AvKx`v we‡ivax AvBb •Zix Kiv nq| †hgb 1972

mv‡j iwPZ evsjv‡`‡ki kvmbZ‡š¿ ag©- wbi‡c¶Zvev` I mgvRZš¿‡K G‡`‡ki ivóªxq Av`k© e‡j

†NvlYv Kiv n‡qwQj|

8

3| hv‡`i nv‡Z miKvix ¶gZv i‡q‡Q, Zviv hw` RbM‡Yi B‛Qvi wei‚‡× kw³ e‡j ¶gZvq

wU‡K _vKvi e` wbq‡Z †Kvb AvBb iPbv K‡i| †hgb 1974 mv‡j †`‡ki wbivcËvi bv‡g webv

wePv‡i miKviwe‡ivax †jvK‡`i‡K †R‡j AvU‡K ivLvi D‡Ï‡k¨ AvBb Kiv n‡qwQj Ges 1975

mv‡j GK`jxq kvmb Kv‡qg K‡i we‡ivax me `j‡K †e-AvBbx Kiv n‡qwQj|

4| mwVK Áv‡bi Afv‡eI ¶wZKi AvBb‡K fvj g‡b K‡i iPbv Kiv n‡q _v‡K| †hgb

mvg¨ev‡`i †`vnvB w`‡q GK mgq ivwkqvq gvK©mev‡`i wfwˇZ †`k Movi AvBb iPbv Kiv

n‡qwQj| H AvB‡bi fyj eyS‡Z †c‡i ivwkqv I c~e© BD‡iv‡ci RbMY eZ©gv‡b Gi wei‚‡×

we‡`ªv‡n wjß n‡q‡Q|

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fyj wQj| †hgb AvBqye Lvb 1962 mv‡j eywbqv`x MYZ‡š¿i bv‡g kvmb e¨e ’v Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb|

K‡qK eQi ciB Gi fyj eyS‡Z †c‡i wZwb Zv e`jv‡Z ivhx n‡q †M‡jb|

G me NUbv cÖgvY K‡i †h, †Mvôx ¯v_©, Av`wk©K wePvi, mwVK Áv‡bi Afve, fwel¨‡Zi cwiYvg bv

Rvbv Ges Ab¨vqfv‡e ¶gZv AvuK‡o _vKvi Kvi‡YB hy‡M hy‡M †`‡k †`‡k wbfy©j AvBb iPbv Kiv

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1| GKgvÎ wZwbB me Kv‡ji Ávb iv‡Lb Ges fwel¨‡Zi cwiYvg Rv‡bb|

2| GKgvÎ wZwbB wbt¯v_© Ges wbi‡c¶| ZvB Zuvi AvBb Qvov mwZ¨Kvi Bbmvd cvIqv

wKQy‡ZB m¤¢e bq|

3| wZwb Ab¨vq, AwePvi I hyjyg cQ›` K‡ib bv e‡jB Zuvi AvBb †Kvb †Mvôx‡K ¶gZv

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AvBb w`‡q‡Qb Ges ivm~j (mv.) H me AvBb ev¯—‡e gvbe mgv‡R Pvjy K‡i †hfv‡e H me

AvB‡bi Kj¨vYKi nIqv cÖgvY K‡i †M‡Qb, Zvi d‡j AvR †MvUv we‡k¦ Avj­vni AvB‡bi c‡¶

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bZzb K‡i Pvjy Kivi Av‡›`vjb M‡o D‡Vwb| ivwkqvq KwgDwbR‡gi wZ³ AwfÁZvi ci Avi †Kvb

†`‡k Gi c‡¶ Av‡›`vjb bZzb K‡i `vbv euva‡e bv|

wKš‘ Avj­vni AvB‡bi c‡¶ Av‡›`vjb †Kvb Kv‡jB eÜ nqwb Ges †KqvgZ ch©š— eÜ n‡e bv|

hviv •bwZK Rxe wnmv‡e gvby‡li Dbœqb Kvgbv K‡i, hviv cÖe„wËi `vmZ¡ †_‡K gvbe RvwZ‡K D×vi

Ki‡Z AvMÖnx, me gvby‡li b¨vh¨ AwaKvi envj K‡i hviv ywbqvq kvwš— Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq, Zviv

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9

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wPi ’vqx, me©e¨vcx, AwefvR¨, An¯—vš—i‡hvM¨, Awewgkªª I Pig †¯^‛QvPvix ¶gZv cÖ‡qv‡M m¶g

bq| A_P G me‡KB mve©‡f․g mËvi •ewkó¨ e‡j ¯xKvi Kiv nq|

mwZ¨Kvi we‡k­l‡Y G K_vB cÖgvwYZ nq †h, H me •ewkó¨ I ¸Yvejx GKgvÎ Avj­vn ZvqvjviB

g‡a¨ cvIqv hvq| AvqvZzj Kzimx‡Z Avj­vni g‡a¨B H me ¸Yvejx i‡q‡Q e‡j D‡j­L Kiv

n‡q‡Q|

Avj­vni AvBb‡K mve©‡f․g mËvi B‛Qv wnmv‡e †g‡b wb‡j cvj©v‡g‡›UiI Avj­vni AvB‡bi

wei‚‡× †Kvb AvBb iPbv Kivi AwaKvi _v‡K bv|

Òmve©‡f․g mËv †Kv_vq Av‡QÓ? A_©vr (Location of Sovereignty) bv‡g ivóªweÁv‡b †h mgm¨v

Av‡Q Gi GKgvÎ mgvavb n‡‛Q Avj­vni mve©‡f․gZ¡‡K ¯xKvi K‡i †bqv| mve©‡f․gZ¡ †bB ej‡j

G mgm¨v‡K Gwo‡q hvIqv nq gvÎ|

Avj­vni AvBb gv‡b Kx?

Bmjvg we‡ivax‡`i KzcÖPviYvi d‡j mvaviYfv‡e G aviYv m„wó n‡q‡Q †h, Avj­vni AvBb gv‡b

†Pvi-WvKv‡Zi nvZ KvUv, whbvKvi‡K ms‡Mmvi (cv_i †g‡i nZ¨v) Kiv, g`‡Lvi‡K †eZ gviv,

my`‡Lvi‡K †R‡j †`qv BZ¨vw`| mgv‡R Pzwi-WvKvwZ, whbv, g`, my`, Ryqv BZ¨vw` e¨vcK nIqvq eû

†jvK G me g‡›`i mv‡_ RwoZ| ZvB Bmjvg we‡ivaxiv G me †jvK‡K Avj­vni AvBb Kv‡q‡gi

wei‚‡× msMwVZ Kivi nxb D‡Ï‡k¨B G AccÖPvi Pvjvq|

A_P Avj­vni AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv mgvR‡K Ggbfv‡e MVb Kiv hv‡Z RbM‡Yi gb-gMR-PwiÎ

Avj­vni ûKzg I ivm~j (m.)-Gi ZixKv g‡Z Rxeb hvc‡bi my‡hvM cvq| gvbyl fvZ, Kvco,

evm ’vb, wPwKrmv BZ¨vw`i Afv‡e †hb Amr c‡_ Pj‡Z eva¨ bv nq| we‡q Qvov †hb bvix-cyi‚‡li

A‣ea wgj‡bi KviY I my‡hvM bv N‡U| †h me Kz-Af¨vm mgv‡R Akvwš— m„wó K‡i, Zv †_‡K

RbMY‡K hv‡Z i¶v Kiv hvq|

mvaviY wk¶v, we‡kl wk¶v, cÖPvi I MYwk¶vi gva¨‡g RbMY‡K Avj­vni `vmZ¡ I ivm~‡ji

AvbyMZ¨ Kivi †hvM¨ evbv‡bvB Bmjvgx iv‡óªi cÖavb `vwqZ¡| RbM‡Yi †g․wjK cÖ‡qvRb hv‡Z c~iY

nq Ges gvbyl hv‡Z Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y Kzc_ †e‡Q bv †bq, †m e¨e ’v KivI miKv‡ii KZ©e¨| nvjvj

c‡_ †ivhMvi Kivi my‡hvM `vb K‡i nvivg c_ eÜ KivI miKv‡iiB `vwqZ¡|

Avj­vni AvBb I mr †jv‡Ki kvmb

m~iv Avj nvR¡-Gi 41bs Avqv‡Z Bmjvgx iv‡óªi †h 4 `dv Kg©m~wP †`qv n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z mgvR Ggb

fv‡e M‡o DV‡e hv‡Z gvbyl •bwZK w`K w`‡q DbœZ I e¯‘MZ w`K w`‡q m‛Qj nq| d‡j Ggb

cwi‡ek m„wó n‡e †h ¯vfvweK Ae ’vq gvbyl Aciva Ki‡ebv|

10

GZ me e¨e ’vi ciI hviv Pzwi-WvKvwZ, whbv, g`, Nyl, Ryqv BZ¨vw` mgvR we‡ivax Kv‡R wjß nq,

Zv‡`i Rb¨ KziAvb K‡Vvi kvw¯—i weavb w`‡q‡Q hv‡Z gvbyl G me KzK‡g©i mvnm bv cvq| G me

N„Y¨ KvR Qvov hviv ywbqvi RxebUv wbim g‡b K‡i ZvivB Bmjv‡gi †d․R`vix AvBb‡K Ôee©iÕ

ej‡Z cv‡i|

KziAv‡bi K‡Vvi †d․R`vix AvB‡bi D‡Ïk¨ mgv‡R nvZ KvUv †jv‡Ki msL¨v e„w× Kiv bq| eis

hv‡Z nvZ KvUvi cÖ‡qvRbB bv nq Ggb mgvR MovB Gi j¶¨|

RbM‡Yi PwiÎ MV‡bi e¨e¯’v Ges gvby‡li †g․wjK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi e‡›`ve¯— Kivi Rb¨ Avj­vn

ZvÕAvjv †h me AvBb w`‡q‡Qb, Zv mgv‡R Rvix bv K‡i ïay kvw¯— †`evi AvBb Rvix Kivi

AwaKvi †Kvb miKv‡ii †bB|

†Kvb †jvK‡K KvZzKzZz w`‡q nvm‡Z eva¨ Kivi ci Zv‡K nvmvi Rb¨ †`vlx mve¨¯— Kiv †hgb

nvm¨Ki, †Zgwb bvix-cyi‚‡li Aeva †gjv-†gkvi my‡hvM m„wó K‡i Ges †h․b D‡ËRbvKi cÎ-

cwÎKv I wm‡bgvi e¨vcK cÖmv‡ii e¨e ’v K‡i whbvi kvw¯— †`qvI Pig AwePvi| Afv‡ei Kvi‡Y

†KD Pzwi K‡i‡Q e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡j Zv‡K kvw¯— †`evi AwaKvi Bmjvg †`qwb|

Bmjvgx AvBb Ggb my›`i mgvR Kv‡qg Kivi Rb¨B †`qv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b mevB wbivcËv †eva Ki‡e

Ges my‡L-kvwš—‡Z emevm Kivi my‡hvM cv‡e| mwZ¨Kvi Bbmvd Kv‡qg KivB Avj­vni AvB‡bi

Avmj D‡Ïk¨ e‡j m~iv nv`x‡`i 25 bs Avqv‡Z Avj­vn cvK †NvlYv K‡i‡Qb|

H Avqv‡Zi wghvb kãwU †_‡KB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx uvwo cvj­v‡K `jxq cÖZxK wnmv‡e MÖnY

K‡i‡Q| KviY uvwo cvj­v Bbmvd ev mywePv‡ii cÖZxK wnmv‡e mviv ywbqvq cwiwPZ|

Avj­vni AvB‡bi Drm

Avj­vni AvB‡bi g~j Drm Avj­vn wb‡RB| Ggb †Kvb AvBb Avj­vni AvBb e‡j MY¨ n‡Z

cv‡i bv, hv Avj­vni KvQ †_‡K Av‡mwb| G g~jbxwZi wfwˇZ Avj­vni AvB‡bi Drm K‡qKwU

i‡q‡Q t

1| KziAvbB n‡jv Avj­vni AvB‡bi cÖavb Drm| KviY KziAv‡bi fve I fvlv meB

Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K ivm~j (mv.) Gi Dci bvwhj n‡q‡Q|

2| ivm~‡ji mybœvn n‡jv wØZxq cÖavb Drm| Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K Avj­vni Inxi wfwˇZ

ivm~j (mv.) Zuvi K_v, KvR I Aby‡gv`‡bi gva¨‡g KziAv‡bi †h e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb, ZviB bvg mybœvn|

GKgvÎ mybœvnB KziAv‡bi miKvix, mwVK I wbfy©j e¨vL¨v|

3| AvQv‡i mvnvev n‡jv Avj­vni AvB‡bi Z…Zxq Drm| †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb ivm~j (mv.) -Gi

cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e Bmjvgx ivóª I mgvR‡K cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z wM‡q †h ev¯—e wk¶v †i‡L †M‡Qb, Zv

AbymiY‡hvM¨ e‡j ivm~j (mv.) ¯qs mvwU©wd‡KU w`‡q †M‡Qb| G QvovI KziAv‡bi e¨vL¨v wnmv‡e

mvnvev wKivg (iv.) †_‡K hZUzKz Ávb nv`x‡m cvIqv hvq, Zv Aek¨B ¸i‚‡Z¡i `vex iv‡L|

4| G KqwU Drm‡K wfwË K‡i wdKvni BgvgMY Bmjvgx AvB‡bi †h wecyj m¤ú` †i‡L

†M‡Qb, Zv wPiKvjB Bmjvgx AvBb iPbvi wbf©i‡hvM¨ mnvqK|

wdKvni BgvgMY †h me wel‡q GKgZ n‡q‡Qb, Zv‡KI Drm wnmv‡e gh©v`v †`qv nq| Bmjvgx

cwifvlvq Gi bvg n‡jv BRgv|

Avj­vni AvB‡bi G PviwU Drm‡K †g‡b wb‡q †Kvb AvBb mfv hw` AvBb iPbv K‡i, Zvn‡j Zv

Bmjvgx AvBb e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Bmjvgx iv‡óªi AvBb mfvi GUvB `vwqZ¡| GB AvBb mfvi

Ggb †Kvb AvBb iPbvi AwaKvi †bB, hv KziAvb I mybœvni we‡ivax e‡j mve¨¯— nq| †Kvb AvBb

11

KziAvb-mybœvn we‡ivax wKbv Zv mve¨¯— Kivi Rb¨ Bmjvgx AvB‡b cvi`kx© we‡kl ms ’v _vK‡Z

cv‡i| mywcÖg †Kv‡U©i GKwU wWwfk‡bi DciI G `vwqZ¡ †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Qvov me AvBbB APj

Avj­vni AvBb Avgv‡`i †`‡k †bB| wKš‘ †h AvBbB Av‡Q ZvI wVK g‡Zv Rvix n‡‛Q bv| Gi

Avmj KviYB n‡jv Amr †jv‡Ki kvmb| K‡qKwU D`vniY †`qv †h‡Z cv‡i|

1| hv‡`i Avq †gvUvgywU †ekx, Zv‡`i KvQ †_‡K wbw ©ó nv‡i AvqKi †bevi AwaKvi miKvi‡K

w`‡q AvBb iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| wKš‘ †h cwigvY AvqKi miKvix Znwe‡j Rgv nIqv DwPZ Zv nq

bv| KviY AvqKi Awd‡mi Kg©Pvixiv Ki`vZvi †`qv Av‡qi wnmve mZ¨ e‡j wek¦vm bv K‡i K‡ii

cwigvY K‡qK¸Y †ekx avh© K‡i †`q| Gi d‡j Ki`vZviv mZ¨ wnmve bv w`‡q Avmj Av‡qi

A‡bK Kg †`Lvq| G Ae¯’vq GK †kªYxi AvqKi DKxj Ki`vZv I Awdmv‡ii gvSLv‡b `vjvjx

K‡i gxgvsmvq †c․uQv‡q †`q| G gxgvsmvi d‡j miKvix Znwe‡j AvqKi †h cwigvY Rgv nIqv

DwPZ Gi †P‡q Kg Rgv nq| Avi Ab¨vqfv‡e Ki`vZv, AvqKi Awdmvi I `vjvj A‣eafv‡e

jvfevb nq| Awdmvi Nyl wb‡q Ki`vZvi wg_¨v wnmve mZ¨ e‡j †g‡b †bq| Ki`vZv Nyl w`‡q

b¨vh¨ AvqK‡ii GK Ask Kg w`‡q †eu‡P hvq| Avi Dfq c¶‡K A‣ea Kv‡R mvnvh¨ Kivi dxm

eve` `vjvjI †ivhMvi KvgvB K‡i †bq|

GLv‡b miKvix AwdmviB GK b¤i †`vlx| e¨w³MZ ¯v‡_© †m miKvix `vwq‡Z¡ Ae‡njv

K‡i| hw` Ki`vZviv mwVK wnmve †`q Ges Awdmviiv Nyl bv Lvq, Zvn‡j AvqK‡ii nvi A‡bK

Kg n‡jI miKvix Avq h‡_ó n‡Z cv‡i|

2| BDwbq‡bi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ miKvi Mg, PvDj, UvKv BZ¨vw` eivÏ K‡i| †h Awdm †_‡K

BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨vb‡K G me wRwbm mieivn Kiv nq, †m Awd‡mi Kg©Pvixiv G me

wRwbm wewj Kivi mgq hw` we‡kl nv‡i Nyl Av`vq K‡i, Zvn‡j AvBbgZ †Pqvig¨vb †h cwigvY

wRwbm I UvKv cvIqvi K_v Zv †_‡K Kg wb‡Z eva¨ nq| hw` Awdmviiv Pzwi Kiv wk¶v †`q

Zvn‡j †Pqvig¨vbivI ybx©wZ Kivi mvnm cvq|

3| AvB‡b Av‡Q †h, Lybx‡K kvw¯— w`‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ A‡bK †¶‡Î `v‡ivMv, cywjk I

g¨vwR‡óªU‡K Nyl w`‡q Lybx †eu‡P hvq| A_P KZ wb‡`©vl †jvK Ly‡bi wg_¨v gvgjvq †R‡j c‡o

Av‡Q| GUvI Ny‡li †KivgZx|

D`vni‡Yi †ekx `iKvi †bB| ybx©wZ, mš¿vm I Ny‡li ivRZ¡ me©Î| AvBb Pvjy Kiv hv‡`i `vwqZ¡,

ZvivB hw` Amr nq Zvn‡j †Kvb AvBbB Kv‡R Av‡m bv| mr †jv‡Ki Afv‡e AvR gvbyl AvB‡bi

myweav †_‡K ewÂZ|

AvB‡bi kvmb

AvBb _vKv m‡Ë¡I AvB‡bi mwVK e¨envi bv n‡j Gi mydj cvIqv hvq bv| AvBb Av‡Q A_P

kvmK‡`i gbMov kvmb P‡j| ZvB AvBb hv‡Z kvm‡Ki f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z cv‡i Gi e¨e ’v

cÖ‡qvRb| GiB bvg AvB‡bi kvmb|

AvB‡bi `vex n‡jv t

1| mevi Dci AvBb mgvbfv‡e cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Z n‡e| miKvix c` ’ †jvK AvB‡bi bvMv‡ji

evB‡iB _vK‡Z †Póv K‡i| ZvB †m Ab¨vq K‡iI kvw¯— cvq bv| mvaviY †jvK mn‡RB kvw¯—

12

cvq| GUv AvB‡bi kvmb bq| AvB‡bi †Pv‡L mevB mgvb n‡Z n‡e| ivóª cÖavbI †hb AvB‡bi

E‡aŸ© bv _v‡K|

2| AvBb Abyhvqx cwiPvwjZ Av`vj‡Z †`vlx mve¨¯— bv nIqv ch©š— cÖ‡Z¨K gvbylB wb‡ ©vl|

webv wePv‡i AvUK Kiv ev kvw¯— †`qv AvB‡bi kvmb bq|

AvB‡bi kvmb Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡j mr †jv‡Ki kvmb cÖ‡qvRb| AvBb wb‡R wb‡R Rvix n‡Z cv‡i

bv| hviv AvBb Rvix Kivi `vwq‡Z¡ Av‡Q Zv‡`i‡KB kvmK e‡j| kvmK hw` Amr nq, Zvn‡j

AvBb mwVK wbq‡g Rvix n‡e bv| Amr kvmK AvBb‡K duvwK w`‡q †eAvBbxfv‡eB kvmb Kivi

Ac‡Póv K‡i _v‡K|

†Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`xb †hfv‡e wbôvi mv‡_ AvBb Rvix K‡i‡Qb H AvBb envj _vKv m‡Ë¡I cieZx©

hy‡M me kvmK mgvb gv‡b AvBb Rvix K‡ibwb|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k kvmK‡`i‡KB cÖavb AvBb f½Kvixi f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Z †`Lv hvq| G Ae ’vq

AvB‡bi kvmb Kv‡qg n‡Z cv‡i bv|

me‡P‡q eo mZ¨ K_v n‡jv †h, `ybx©wZ Dci †_‡KB ÔbvwhjÕ nq| miKvix ¶gZv hv‡`i nv‡Z, Zviv

mr n‡j bx‡Pi w`‡K µ‡g mZZv Pvjy Kiv mnR nq| AvR ybx©wZ e¨vcK nevi g~j KviY GUvB †h,

miKvi cwiPvjKiv eû eQi †_‡K G wel‡q †bZ…Z¡ w`‡q G‡m‡Q|

ZvB mZZv Pvjy Ki‡Z n‡j bxP †_‡K ïi‚ Kiv m¤¢e bq| miKvi cwiPvjbvi cÖavb †bZ…Z¡ mr bv

nIqv ch©š— ybx©wZ †Kv_vI eÜ Kiv hv‡e bv| †cÖwm‡W›U I gš¿xMY Ges RvZxq msm‡`i m`m¨MY

hw` mwZ¨Kvi mr I PwiÎevb nb, Zvn‡j miKvix Kg©Pvix‡`i g‡a¨ Dci †_‡K bxP ch©š— mZZv

Pvjy Kiv m¤¢e| mr †jv‡Ki PvwiwÎK cÖfv‡e Aaxb¯— †jv‡Kiv mr nevi †cÖiYv cvq| gvbyl

mnRvZfv‡eB •bwZK Rxe| bxwZevb †jv‡Ki nv‡Z †bZ…Z¡ _vK‡j Gi mydj bx‡Pi w`‡KI †`Lv

hvq|

mr †jvK Kv‡K e‡j?

mgv‡R mr †jv‡Ki eoB Afve| wKš‘ hviv mr bq, ZvivI mr †jvK‡K kª×v I wek¦vm K‡i| †Kvb

†Pvi Zvi Pzwii gvj Avi GK †Pv‡ii Kv‡Q AvgvbZ iv‡L bv, †Kvb mr †jv‡Ki Kv‡QB iv‡L| Amr

†jvKI mr †jv‡Ki cÖksmv K‡i| Zviv wb‡R Amr n‡jI mZZv Kx Zv Rv‡b|

13

Avj­vn cvK gvbyl‡K fvj I g‡›`i cv_©K¨ eySevi †hvM¨Zv w`‡q‡Qb| G †hvM¨Zv Avi †Kvb Rxe-

Rv‡bvqv‡ii †bB| GiB bvg we‡eK| we‡eKB Avmj gvbyl| GUvB gvby‡li •bwZK mËv| gvby‡li

†`n n‡jv e ‘mËv| †`‡ni fvj-g‡›`i †Kvb aviYv †bB| †`‡ni hv `vex †m Zv †c‡jB Lykx| Zv †m

nvjvj c‡_ †cj wKbv †m wnmve †m K‡i bv| we‡eKB †m wnmve K‡i| KziAvb cvK Gi bvgB

w`‡q‡Q iƒn Avi †`‡ni `vex¸‡jv‡K bvdm ev nvIqv bvg w`‡q‡Q|

me gvbylB G K_vi mv¶x †h, iƒn I bvd‡mi g‡a¨ nv‡gkvB jovB Pj‡Q| fvj-g›` wePvi bv K‡i

bvdm me wKQyB Pvq| we‡eK fvj-g›` wePvi K‡i g‡›`i e¨vcv‡i evav †`q| hvi we‡eK ye©j †m

bvdm‡K g›` †_‡K wdiv‡Z cv‡i bv| G‡`i‡K Amr †jvK ejv nq| hv‡`i we‡eK mej ZvivB mr

†jvK| Zviv bvdm‡K `gb Ki‡Z †Póv K‡i|

Zvn‡j GK_v cÖgvwYZ n‡jv †h, mr †jvK ZvivB, hviv we‡e‡Ki Øviv cwiPvwjZ| A_©vr

1| Zviv we‡e‡Ki wei‚‡× P‡j bv|

2| †hUv‡K wVK g‡b K‡i bvdm‡K Zv Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡i|

3| gy‡L hv ¯xKvi K‡i ev¯—‡e Zv cvjb K‡i|

4| Kv‡iv f‡q ev fvjevmvi Kvi‡Y Ab¨vq K‡i bv|

5| KLbI we‡e‡Ki wei‚‡× wKQy Ki‡j AbyZvc K‡i Ges

Avi Ggb Ki‡e bv e‡j wm×vš— †bq| GiB bvg ZvIev|

mr †jvK †Kv_vq cvIqv hv‡e?

mr †jvK Avmgvb †_‡K †iWx‡gW bvwhj nq bv| we‡`k †_‡K Avg`vbx K‡i Avbvi wRwbmI GUv

bq| mycwiKwíZ Dcv‡qB mr †jvK •Zix Ki‡Z nq|

ivm~j (mv.) g°vi Amf¨ ee©i mgv‡R Avj­vni AvBb gvbevi `vIqvZ †`evi d‡j hviv G `vIqvZ

Keyj Ki‡jb, Zv‡`i‡KB wZwb mr †jvK wnmv‡e M‡o Zzj‡jb|

Avj­vn cvK gvbyl‡K †h we‡eKkw³ w`‡q‡Qb, Zvi d‡j hviv g›` KvR K‡i ZvivI g›`‡K g›`

e‡jB Rv‡b| hv fvj †mw`‡K we‡e‡Ki ¯vfvweK AvKl©Y Av‡Q| ZvB hv‡`i we‡eK g‡i hvqwb, Zviv

fvj n‡q Pjvi c_ †c‡j †m c‡_ Pj‡Z Pvq| ye©j g‡bi †jv‡Kiv †m c‡_ Pjvi evav †`‡L G¸‡Z

mvnm cvq bv| mvnmx †jv‡KivB wn¤§Z K‡i GwM‡q Av‡m| Ggb wK Zviv G c‡_i mKj evav

D‡c¶v K‡i wei‚× kw³i mv‡_ jovB K‡i mZZvi c‡_ wU‡K _v‡K|

ivm~j (mv.)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ mvnvev‡q wKiv‡gi g°x hy‡Mi †ZiwU eQ‡ii msMÖvgx Rxeb G K_viB

mv¶x| Avj­vni `vmZ¡ I ivm~‡ji †bZ…Z¡ Keyj K‡i hviv Avj­vni AvB‡bi c‡¶ Ges gvby‡li

gbMov AvBb DrLvZ Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ msMÖvg Ki‡Z wM‡q we‡ivax kw³i hyjyg I wbh©vZb mn¨ Ki‡Z

ivhx wQ‡jb, ZvivB g`xbvq Bmjvgx ivóª cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡ †c‡jb| mr †jv‡Ki G Uxg webv

cwiKíbvq I webv †Póvq •Zix nqwb| mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡j AvRI H wbq‡gB †jvK

•Zix Ki‡Z n‡e|

mr †jvK •Zixi c×wZ

gvby‡li †`nmËvi Dci we‡eKmËvi †bZ…Z¡, KZ…©Z¡ I cÖavb¨ m„wói Rb¨ Avj­vn cvK †h c×wZ

wk¶v w`‡q‡Qb, Zv Qvov Avi †Kvb Dcv‡q mwZ¨Kv‡ii mr †jvK •Zix Kiv m¤¢e bq| †m c×wZi

cqjv weavb n‡jv Cgvb| †h mr n‡Z AvMÖnx Zv‡K cqjvB ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I AvwLiv‡Zi Dci

Cgvb Avb‡Z n‡e| Gi mnR gv‡b n‡jv GK Avj­vni ûKzg †g‡b Pjvi wm×vš— wb‡q ivm~j

14

(mv.)-Gi ZixKv gZ Avj­vni ûKzg Ggbfv‡e gvb‡Z n‡e †hb AvwLiv‡Z Avj­vni Kv‡Q †`vlx

mve¨¯— n‡Z bv nq|

†h Cgvb Avbj, Zv‡K cuvP Iqv³ Rvgvqv‡Z bvgvh I ighv‡bi †ivhvi gva¨‡g Ggb †Uªwbs wb‡Z

n‡e hv Zv‡K Zvi †`‡ni †Mvjvgx †_‡K D×vi K‡i Avj­vni †Mvjv‡g cwiYZ Ki‡e Ges Zvi

ywbqv`vixi KvR‡KI Bev`Z evwb‡q †`‡e|

†`‡ni Dci we‡e‡Ki c~Y© wbqš¿Y ¶gZv AR©b Ki‡Z n‡j G RvZxq Cgvb`vi‡`i‡K msMVbfy³

n‡q mw¤§wjZ †Póvq wb‡R‡`i Rxeb M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| RvgvqvZe× Rxeb Qvov A‣bmjvgx mgv‡Ri

cÖfve †_‡K †eu‡P _vKvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB| ivm~j (mv.) -Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ mvnvev‡q wKivg RvgvqvZe×

bv n‡j wb‡R‡`i‡K Gfv‡e Mo‡Z cvi‡Zb bv|

gvbyl mr n‡Z Pvq

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki me †jvKB Amr bq| mgvR I iv‡óªi wewfbœ ¯—‡i †jv‡Ki †bZ…Z¡ bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I

mgv‡R Ggb h‡_ó †jvK i‡q‡Q hviv mr _vKvi †Póv K‡i Ges mr nevi my‡hvM Zvjvk K‡i|

gv`ªªvmvi gva¨‡g †h weivU msL¨K Djvgv •Zix n‡‛Qb, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ KziAvb-nv`xm Aa¨q‡bi

Kvi‡YB mr _vKvi cÖej AvMÖn _v‡K| mvaviY wkw¶Z †jvK‡`i g‡a¨I A‡b‡K mr nevi B‛Qv

†cvlY K‡ib| wKš‘ Amr mgvR I cwi‡ek KvD‡KB mn‡R mr _vK‡Z †`q bv|

cÖvq mKj ch©v‡qi †bZ…‡Z¡B Amr †jvK‡`i cÖvavb¨ I cÖfve cÖwZcwË _vKvi Kvi‡Y †KD we‡e‡Ki

ZvwK‡` mr _vKvi †Póv Ki‡jI G msMwVZ Amr kw³i mvg‡b wU‡K _vK‡Z cv‡i bv| mr _vK‡Z

AvMÖnx hviv gv ªvmv, LvbKv, ZvejxM I gmwR‡`i mxgve× GjvKvq wKQyUv msMwVZ Av‡Q, Zviv

ivR‣bwZK, A_©‣bwZK, mvgvwRK I mvs¯‥…wZK gq`v‡b AmsMwVZ _vKvq mymsMwVZ Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i

†gvKvwejv Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv| K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q mr †jvK •Zix Kivi e¨e ’v bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I

AvaywbK wkw¶Z‡`i g‡a¨ hviv mr _vK‡Z Pvq, ZvivI msMwVZ bv nIqvq Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i mvg‡b

Amnvq|

mr †jv‡Kiv †hvM¨ nevi my‡hvM cv‡‛Q bv

†hvM¨ †jv‡Kiv cwi‡ekMZ eû Kvi‡Y †ekxi fvMB mr _vK‡Z cvi‡Q bv| A_P me©‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i

nv‡ZB †bZ…Z¡| Giv GZ †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ †bZ…Z¡ w`‡‛Q †h, mr †jv‡Kiv †Kv_vI cvËv cv‡‛Q bv|

d‡j mr †jv‡Kiv GZ A‡hvM¨ †_‡K hv‡‛Q †h, Zviv wb‡Ri mZZvUzKzI †ndvhZ Ki‡Z cvi‡Q bv|

Amr †jvK hw` †hvM¨ nq, Zvn‡j †hvM¨Zvi mv‡_ Amr KvRB K‡i| Avi mr †jvK hw` †hvM¨ bv

nq, Zvn‡j G mZZv †Kvb Kv‡RB jv‡M bv| Amr †jv‡Kiv ivRbxwZ, A_©bxwZ I mgv‡Ri mKj

gq`v‡b mymsMwVZ| AvaywbK wkw¶Z‡`i g‡a¨ hviv mr, ZvivI Gme gq`vb Amr †jvK‡`i nv‡Z

†Q‡o w`‡q‡Qb| Zviv ivRbxwZi nv½vgv †_‡K wbivc` ~i‡Z¡ _vKvB cQ›` K‡ib| Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i

wei‚‡× Zviv i‚‡L uvovb bv| hviv gv ªvmv, LvbKvn, ZvejxM I gmwR‡` wb‡R‡`i mZZvUyKz wb‡q

†Kvb iK‡g ywbqvi RxebUv KvwU‡q †`evi †Póv Ki‡Qb, Zviv ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZi gq`v‡b †Kvb

¯’vb bv cvIqvq †hvM¨Zv m„wói my‡hvM †_‡K ewÂZB n‡q Av‡Qb| †hvM¨Zv Kv‡Ri gva¨‡gB m„wó

nq| k~‡b¨ †hvM¨Zv m„wó nq bv| ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZi gq`vb Ges mgv‡Ri mKj †¶‡Î †bZ…Z¡

†`evi `vwqZ¡ †_‡K ~‡i †_‡K †hvM¨Zv nvwm‡ji †Kvb Dcvq †bB|

15

mr I Am‡Z msNl© Awbevh©

mr I Amr ev nK I evwZ‡ji g‡a¨ msNl© nIqvB ¯vfvweK| wKš‘ mr†jv‡Kiv ivRbxwZ I

A_©bxwZi gq`v‡b Amr †jvK‡`i mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Av‡m bv| mr †jvK‡`i g‡a¨ hviv K‡qKwU

we‡kl Kg©‡¶‡Î Zv‡`i‡K mxgve× K‡i †i‡L‡Qb, Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i mv‡_ Zv‡`i †Kvb msNl© nq bv|

Amr †bZ…Z¡ wbwðš— †h, gv`ªvmv, LvbKvn, ZvejxM I gmwR‡` hviv Av‡Qb, Zviv ivR‣bwZK †bZ…Z¡

`Lj Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| KviY Zv‡`i †Kvb ivR‣bwZK Kg©m~wPB †bB|

ywbqvq webv cwiKíbv I webv Kg©m~wP‡Z †Kvb KvR mgvav Kiv hvq bv| Djvgv‡q wKivg •Zix Kiv

gv`ªvmvi KvR| Avj­vnIqvjv evbv‡bv LvbKvi `vwqZ¡| AvwLivZgyLx gb ‣Zix Kiv Zvejx‡Mi

D‡Ïk¨| Gfv‡e †hUzKz Kg©m~wP †hLv‡b Av‡Q †m Abyhvqx Aek¨B †jvK •Zix n‡‛Q| wKš‘ BKvgv‡Z

`x‡bi Rb¨ G Kg©m~wP †gv‡UB h‡_ó bq| G Kg©m~wP Øviv †hUzKz KvR n‡‛Q Zv Aek¨B `x‡bi weivU

wL`gZ|

wKš‘ Amr †bZ…Z¡ mgvR I iv‡óªi †h weivU gq`vb `Lj K‡i Av‡Q, †m gq`v‡bi Rb¨ msMÖvgx

evwnbx •Zixi Dc‡hvMx cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wP Qvov Amr †bZ…Z¡ DrLvZ Kiv wKQy‡ZB m¤¢e bq| G

D‡Ï‡k¨ gv ªvmv, LvbKvn I Zvejx‡M †Kvb Kg©m~wP †bB e‡jB Gm‡ei mv‡_ Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i †Kvb

msNl© nq bv| Amr †bZ…Z¡ Zv‡`i‡K †Kvb weKí kw³ e‡j MY¨B K‡i bv| eis wewfbœfv‡e Zv‡`i

c‡iv¶ mg_©b †bevi my‡hvMI cvq|

Aek¨ gv ªvmv, LvbKvn I Zvejx‡M Avj­vni AvBb Pvjy Kivi cwiKíbv I Kg©m~wP _vK‡j †mLvb

†_‡KI msMÖvgx evwnbx •Zix n‡Z cv‡i| †Zgb Kg©m~wP MÖnY Ki‡j Zv‡`i mv‡_I evwZj kw³i

msNl© n‡e|

Bmjvgx Av‡›`vjbB Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i GKgvÎ P¶zk~j

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx Avj­vni AvBb Kv‡q‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ GK`j mr I †hvM¨ †bZv Movi Ges

RbMY‡K Avj­vni AvBb gvb‡Z mnvqZv Kivi Rb¨ PwiÎevb Kgx© evwnbx •Zixi cwiKíbv wb‡q

GiB Dc‡hvMx Kg©m~wP Abyhvqx KvR Ki‡Q e‡jB mKj Amr †bZ…Z¡ RvgvqvZ‡K Zv‡`i Rb¨ weivU

ûgwK g‡b K‡i|

K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q ag©wbi‡c¶ wk¶v Pvjy _vKv m‡Ë¡I Bmjvgx QvÎwkwei †h nv‡i Bmjvgx Ávb I

Pwi‡Î mg„× Kv‡djv M‡o Zzj‡Q, Zv Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i Rb¨ ixwZg‡Zv ksKvi KviY n‡q uvwo‡q‡Q|

ZvB QvÎwkwe‡ii wei‚‡× Av`k©nxb gnj hyw³i e`‡j kw³ cÖ‡qvM Ki‡Q|

K‡jR-wek¦we`¨vj‡q mnwk¶vi Akvjxb cwi‡e‡kI Bmjvgx QvÎx ms ’v Bmjvgx g~j¨‡ev‡ai wfwˇZ

QvÎx‡`i g‡a¨ GK`j msMÖvgx gwnjv M‡o Zzj‡Q e‡jB Zv‡`i wei‚‡× AccÖPvi Pj‡Q| A_P Zviv

ev¯—e Rxe‡b GK_v cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h, Bmjvgx c ©v c×wZ D‛Pwk¶v, cÖMwZ I AvaywbKZvi c‡_

evav bq|

kªwgK A½‡b kªwgK Kj¨vY †dWv‡ikb †gnbZx gvbyl‡`i‡K cyuwRev`x I mgvRZš¿x †kvlK‡`i Lài

†_‡K D×v‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡KB mr I PwiÎevb †bZ…Z¡ m„wói †Póv Ki‡Q| ZvB ZvivI

Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i P¶zk~j|

Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi G KqwU msMVb †`‡ki mr †jvK‡`i msMwVZ K‡i cwiKwíZ Kg©m~wP Abyhvqx

†hvM¨ evbvevi †Póv Ki‡Q| Avi †hvM¨ †jvK‡`i‡K msMwVZ K‡i mr I PwiÎevb wnmv‡e M‡o

Zzj‡Q|

16

hviv mZZv wb‡q wU‡K _vK‡Z Pvb Ges †`k †_‡K Amr †bZ…Z¡ DrLvZ Ki‡Z Pvb, Zv‡`i‡K

Aek¨B mymsMwVZ n‡Z n‡e| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx, Bmjvgx QvÎwkwei, Bmjvgx QvÎx ms ’v I kªwgK

Kj¨vY †dWv‡ikb G RvZxq †jvK‡`i‡K GKwU BwZevPK kw³‡Z cwiYZ Kivi Rb¨ Aweivg KvR

K‡i hv‡‛Q|

Bmjv‡gi G m¤¢vebvgq kw³i wei‚‡× mKj evwZj kw³ †h gvigyLx f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q GUvB G

K_v cÖgvY Ki‡Q †h, Zviv GUv‡KB wec` e‡j MY¨ K‡i| nK I evwZ‡ji G msNl© wPiš—b| G

msNl© Qvov Avj­vni AvBb Kv‡q‡gi †hvM¨ †jvK evQvB Kiv I M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e bq| GUvB

Avj­vni weavb| G Kvi‡YB bexMY‡K evwZ‡ji †gvKvwejvq msMÖvg Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q|

G msMÖv‡gi gva¨‡gB Ggb GK`j †jvK •Zix n‡e, hv‡`i nv‡Z wLjvd‡Zi `vwqZ¡ Ac©‡Yi Rb¨

Avj­vn cvK m~iv b~‡ii 55 b¤i Avqv‡Z Iqv`v K‡i‡Qb|

mr †jvK •Zixi Kg©m~wP

webv †Póvq mr †jvK ‣Zix nq bv| Amr nIqvi Rb¨ †Póv Kiv jv‡M bv| mr nevi †Póv bv Ki‡jB

Amr n‡q hvq| †hgb Kvco wb‡R wb‡RB gqjv n‡Z _v‡K| Gi Rb¨ †Póv Ki‡Z nq bv| wKš‘ webv

†Póvq Kvco mvd nq bv|

Avj­vn ZvAvjv mr †jvK •Zix Kivi Kg©m~wP w`‡qB bex I ivm~jMY‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb| H Kg©m~wP

Qvov mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© mr †jvK •Zix n‡Z cv‡i bv|

G Kg©m~wPi y‡Uv w`K i‡q‡Q-GKUv n‡jv BwZevPK w`K| AciwU †bwZevPK| BwZevPK w`‡K 4

`dv Kg©m~wP i‡q‡Q hv KziAvb cv‡K m~iv evKvivi 129 I 151 AvqvZ, m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi 164

AvqvZ I m~iv RygAvi 2q Avqv‡Z D‡j­L Kiv n‡q‡Q| m~iv RygAv †_‡K D‡j­L KiwQt A_©vr

wZwbB H mËv whwb D¤§x‡`i g‡a¨ Zv‡`iB GKRb‡K ivm~j evwb‡q cvwV‡q‡Qb t

1| Avj­vni AvqvZmg~n‡K Zv‡`i mvg‡b wZjvIqvZ K‡ib,

2| Zv‡`i Rxeb‡K cvK-cweÎ K‡ib,

3| Zv‡`i‡K Avj­vni wKZve wk¶v †`b,

4| Zv‡`i‡K wnKgZ wk¶v †`b|

G 4 wU Kv‡Ri mvgvb¨ e¨vL¨v `iKvi

1| ivm~j (mv.) nhiZ wReªvCj (Av.)-Gi KvQ †_‡K †hfv‡e wZjvIqv‡Zi gva¨‡g KziAvb

wk‡L‡Qb, †Zgwb wZwbI mvnvevMY‡K wZjvIqvZ K‡i ïwb‡q‡Qb| †jLv ev Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q

D‛PviY †kLvb hvq bv| G Kvi‡Y ï× K‡i wZjvIqvZ Kiv KziAvb †kLvi cqjv Ri‚ix KvR|

2| wØZxq KvR wQj mvnvev wKiv‡gi Rxeb †_‡K Avj­vni AcQ›`bxq me K_v, KvR I

Af¨vm ~i K‡i Zvu‡`i‡K cweÎ Kiv| ivm~j (mv.) Zuv‡`i cÖwZ me mgq j¶¨ ivL‡Zb

(ZvIqv¾yn)| hLbB †Zgb wKQy j¶¨ Ki‡Zb hv ms‡kvab Kiv `iKvi, ZLbB wn`vqvZ w`‡Zb| G

Kvi‡YB †hme wel‡q wZwb AvcwË K‡ibwb Zv mwVK e‡j MY¨ n‡Zv| Avi G Rb¨B ivm~j (mv.) -

Gi ÒZvKixiÓ (Aby‡gv`b)-†KI nv`xm wnmv‡e ¯xKvi Kiv nq|

3| Z…Zxq KvR wQj KziAvb wk¶v †`qv| ivm~j (mv.) Avj­vni c¶ †_‡K KziAv‡bi GKgvÎ

miKvix e¨vL¨v`vZv| ïay wZjvIqvZ K‡i ïwb‡q w`‡jB Zuvi `vwqZ¡ c~Y© n‡Zv bv| Avj­vni

wKZv‡ei gg© I mwVK A_© eywS‡q †`qvi `vwqZ¡I wZwb cvjb K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi e¨vL¨vB GKgvÎ mwVK

e¨vL¨v| G e¨vL¨vi we‡ivax †Kvb e¨vL¨vB ï× e‡j MY¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv| hy‡M hy‡M bZzb bZzb hZ

17

e¨vL¨v Kiv †nvK Ggb †Kvb e¨vL¨v mwVK e‡j gvbv hv‡e bv hv ivm~j (mv.)-Gi e¨vL¨vi mv‡_ Lvc

Lvq bv|

4| PZz_© KvR wQj ÒwnKgZÓ wk¶v †`qv| ivm~j (mv.) wb‡RB wnKgZ A_© K‡i‡Qb- ÒZvdv°zn

wdÕ`-`xbÓ| A_©vr `xb m¤ú‡K© GZUv ¯úó aviYv `vb Kiv hv‡Z Zviv Rxe‡bi me‡¶‡Î KziAv‡bi

wk¶vi Av‡jv‡K Pjvi †hvM¨ nb| ÒZvdv°znÓ kãwU ÒwdKnÓ kã †_‡K MwVZ| wdKvni BgvgMY

`x‡bi ¯úó aviYv ivL‡Zb e‡jB me gvmv‡q‡ji mwVK RIqve •Zix Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Qb|

KziAv‡bi wk¶v Abyhvqx ev¯—e Rxe‡b Pj‡Z n‡j ÒZvdv°zn wdÕ`-`xbÓ Ri‚ix|

evwZj kw³i c¶ †_‡K hZ iKg evavi m„wó Kiv nq Ges hZ cÖKvi Ab¨vq-AZ¨vPvi Pvjvb nq

Gme‡K AMÖvn¨ K‡i n‡Ki Dci gReyZ n‡q wU‡K _vKvB †bwZevPK Kg©m~wP| Dc‡iv³ Pvi `dv

wk¶vm~wP Abyhvqx mvnvev wKivg‡K M‡o Zzjevi mv‡_ mv‡_ †bwZevPK w`K w`‡q evwZ‡ji gyKvwejvq

hyjyg-wbh©vZb mn¨ K‡i n‡Ki Dci gReyZ _vKvi wk¶v †`qv bv n‡j mwZ¨Kvi gyRvwn` wnmv‡e

Zviv M‡o DV‡Zb bv| Avj­vni AvBb Kv‡q‡gi Av‡›`vj‡b hviv mvov w`‡jb, Zv‡`i‡K kw³i

`vc‡U `gb Kivi Rb¨ Amr †bZ…Z¡ †Póv Ki‡eB| hviv Gme evavi ciIqv bv K‡i msMÖvg Pvwj‡q

hvevi wn¤§Z K‡i Zv‡`i ga¨ †_‡KB mr †bZ…Z¡ m„wó nq|

Dc‡iv³ 4 `dv BwZevPK wk¶v gv ªvmv, LvbKvn I Zvejx‡Mi gva¨‡g †hUzKz n‡‛Q Zvi mv‡_

†bwZevPK wk¶v †hvM bv Ki‡j mr †jvK •Zixi Avmj D‡Ïk¨ c~iY n‡Z cv‡i bv| Avj­vni

AvBb Kv‡q‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ wRnv`x Rhev wb‡q Av‡›`vj‡bi Kg©m~wP †`qv bv n‡j evwZ‡ji c¶ †_‡K

†Kvb evav Av‡m bv| nK I evwZ‡ji msNl© m¤ú‡K© KziAvb cv‡K hZ wb‡ ©k †`qv n‡q‡Q, gv ªvmv,

LvbKvn I Zvejx‡Mi cÖPwjZ Kg©m~wP‡Z Zv cvjb Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM Av‡m bv|

A_P evwZj‡K DrLvZ K‡i Amr †bZ…‡Z¡i RvqMvq mr †bZ…Z¡ Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡j BwZevPK I

†bwZevPK Dfq Kg©m~wPB mgvbfv‡e Pvwj‡q †h‡Z n‡e| Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx G c~Y©v½ Kg©m~wPi

gva¨‡gB †jvK •Zix Ki‡Q|

mr †jv‡Ki kvmb

Dc‡iv³ BwZevPK I †bwZevPK Kg©m~Pxi gva¨‡g •Zix †jvK‡`i nv‡Z †`k cwiPvjbvi `vwqZ¡

Avm‡jB mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Kv‡qg n‡q‡Q e‡j eySv hv‡e Ges GKgvÎ ZLbB Avj­vni AvBb Pvjy

nIqv m¤¢e n‡e| mgvR †_‡K G RvZxq †jvK Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡gB †hvMvo n‡q _v‡K|

†h mgv‡R Bmjvg Kv‡qg †bB H mgvR †_‡KB G ai‡bi †jvK Zvjvk Kiv mnR| mgv‡R Bmjvg

Kv‡qg bv _vKv m‡Ë¡I hviv Bmjv‡gi Rb¨ `i`x n‡q Av‡›`vj‡b †hvM`vb K‡i, Zviv Bmjvg

we‡ivax kw³i evav-wecwËi gyKvwejv Ki‡Z wM‡q eû iK‡gi Z¨vM I Kzievbx w`‡Z eva¨ nq|

GgbwK Zv‡`i RxebI wecbœ n‡q c‡o| G m‡Ë¡I hviv Avj­vni c‡_ gReyZ n‡q wU‡K _v‡K,

Zviv GK_vB cÖgvY K‡i †h, Zviv `x‡bi ¯v‡_© mewKQy Z¨vM Ki‡Z cv‡i- Zviv †Kvb Ae ’vqB

`x‡bi c_ Z¨vM Ki‡Z cÖ ‘Z bq|

G ai‡bi †jvK‡`i nv‡Z hw` kvmb ¶gZv Av‡m, Zvn‡j ¯vfvweKfv‡eB Zviv `xb Kv‡qg Ki‡Z

†Póv Ki‡e| Zviv ywbqvi ¯v_© nvwmj Kivi Rb¨ Avj­vni AvBb Agvb¨ Ki‡e bv, ¶gZvi `vcU

†`wL‡q Ab¨vq I AwePvi Ki‡e bv, my‡hvM cvIqv m‡Ë¡I nvivg c‡_ UvKvIqvjv nevi †Póv Ki‡e

bv, Ab¨ †jvK‡`i nK bó K‡i ¯RbcÖxwZ Ki‡e bv Ges AvwLiv‡Zi jvf ev` w`‡q ywbqvi ¯v_©

nvwm‡ji wPš—v Ki‡e bv| KviY Bmjvgx Av‡›`vj‡bi gva¨‡g Zv‡`i gb, gMR I PwiÎ Ggbfv‡e

18

M‡o I‡V †h, Zviv ywbqvi jvf‡K AvwLiv‡Zi †P‡q eo g‡b K‡i bv| hw` ZvB KiZ, Zvn‡j

Av‡›`vj‡bi Rxe‡b Zviv ywbqvi myweavi Rb¨ evwZ‡ji mv‡_ Av‡cvm Ki‡Z ivhx n‡Zv|

Avj­vni AvB‡bi mydj

ivm~j (mv.) g`xbvq Bmjvgx miKvi MVb Kivi ci G‡K G‡K Avj­vni AvBb Pvjy Kivq mevB

hLb Gi mydj wb‡Ri †Pv‡L †`L‡Z †cj, ZLb g`xbvi evB‡iI Avie †`‡ki me RvqMvq RbMY

`‡j `‡j Bmjvg Keyj Ki‡Z jvMj| GUvB ¯vfvweK wQj| †Kbbv me gvbylB myL-kvwš—‡Z _vK‡Z

Pvq| Zviv Avj­vni AvBb Pvjy nevi Av‡M mgv‡R Akvwš— I wek„“Ljvi hvZbv mn¨ K‡i‡Q|

Avj­vni AvBb Rvix nevi ci Zviv Gi mydj †`‡L mn‡RB eyS‡Z cvij †h, ywbqvi Rxe‡b

hZUzKz myL-kvwš— Bmjvgx iv‡óª cvIqv †Mj Zv Gi Av‡M KLbI Zviv cvqwb|

wKš‘ Avj­vni AvBb wb‡R wb‡RB Pvjy n‡Z cv‡i bv| ivm~j (mv.) †Zi eQi †Póv K‡i †h GK`j

mr †jvK •Zix K‡iwQ‡jb, Zv‡`i nv‡ZB Avj­vni AvBb Rvix n‡jv G †jvK¸‡jv Bmjvg

we‡ivax‡`i hyjyg-AZ¨vPvi mn¨ K‡i Ges me iKg evav-wecwË AMÖvn¨ K‡i GKgvÎ AvwLiv‡Z

Avj­vni †g‡nievbx I †e‡nkZ cvIqvi Avkvq wb‡R‡`i‡K Cgvb, Bjg I Avgj Øviv M‡o

Zz‡jb| ywbqvi Avivg Av‡q‡ki †jvf _vK‡j Zviv GZ Kó mn¨ Ki‡Z ivhx n‡Zb bv|

hLb G ai‡b mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Kv‡qg nq, ZLb Zviv BLjv‡mi mv‡_ Avj­vni AvBb Rvix K‡i|

Zviv Kv‡R duvwK †`q bv| Nyl Lvq bv| hvi hv nK Zv hv‡Z mevB cvq †mRb¨ †Póv K‡i| hviv

Avj­vni AvBb Agvb¨ K‡i, Zv‡`i‡K k³ nv‡Z cvKovI K‡i ms‡kvab Kivi e¨e ’v K‡i| hviv

ms‡kvab nq bv, Zv‡`i‡K Avj­vni AvBb Abyhvqx K‡Vvi kvw¯— †`q| d‡j Pzwi, WvKvwZ, mš¿vm,

Nyl Ges me iKg ybx©wZ mgvR †_‡K DrLvZ n‡q hvq| ZLb gvbyl wbivc‡` Rxeb hvcb K‡i Ges

my‡L kvwš—‡Z emevm Kivi my‡hvM cvq|

gvby‡li myL-kvwš—i Rb¨ y‡Uv welq me‡P‡q Ri‚ix e‡j mevB ¯xKvi Ki‡Z eva¨ t

1| †eu‡P _vKvi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq Lv`¨, †cvkvK, evm ’vb I wPwKrmvi wbðqZv n‡jv gvby‡li

me‡P‡q ¸i‚Z¡c~Y© welq| nvjvj c‡_ i‚hx-†ivhMvi Kivi gva¨‡g Gme cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi my‡hvM

me gvbyl hv‡Z cvq †m e¨e¯’v Kiv Bmjvgx miKv‡ii Ab¨Zg cÖavb `vwqZ¡|

wih‡Ki gvwjK Avj­vn cvK| Bmjvgx miKvi‡K ZuviB Ljxdv wnmv‡e G wel‡q `vwqZ¡

cvjb Ki‡Z nq| i‚hx-†ivhMv‡ii my‡hvM †`evi ciI A‡bK Kvi‡Y hv‡`i H me †g․wjK

cÖ‡qvR‡bi Afve †_‡K hvq, Zv‡`i Rb¨ evBZzj gvj †_‡K e¨e¯’v Kivi `vwqZ¡I miKv‡ii|

2| Rvb, gvj I B¾‡Zi wbivcËv n‡jv Bmjvgx mgv‡Ri Avi GKwU ¸i‚Z¡c~Y© welq|

Ab¨vqfv‡e I †eAvBbxfv‡e Kv‡iv Rvb, gvj I B¾‡Zi Dci hv‡Z †KD nvgjv Ki‡Z bv cv‡i Gi

wbivcËv weav‡bi `vwqZ¡I miKv‡ii| mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Qvov G wbivcËv m¤¢e bq|

Rvb, gvj I B¾‡Zi Dci hyjyg eÜ Kivi GKgvÎ c_B n‡jv mywePvi I Bbmvd Kv‡qg Kiv|

eZ©gv‡b BDwbqb †_‡K ivRavbx ch©š— †`‡ki me©Î nvRv‡iv iK‡gi Aciva n‡‛Q| mr †jv‡Ki

kvmb bv _vKvq Acivaxiv kvw¯— cv‡‛Q bv| Acivax‡`i `vc‡U fvj gvbyliv f‡q Aw ’i| Amr

kvm‡bi Kvi‡Y y‡ói jvjb I wk‡ói `gbB mgv‡R Pvjy n‡q †M‡Q| mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Qvov G

gywmeZ †_‡K wb¯—vi cvIqvi †Kvb Dcvq †bB|

19

Bmjvgx miKv‡ii Pvi `dv `vwqZ¡

Avj­vn cvK m~iv Avj nv¾-Gi 41 bs Avqv‡Z ghjyg I wbh©vwZZ mvnvev wKivg m¤ú‡K© gš—e¨

K‡i e‡jb, ÒGiv Hme †jvK hv‡`i‡K hw` Avwg hgx‡b ¶gZv `vb Kwi, Zvn‡j Zviv bvgvh Kv‡qg

Ki‡e, hvKvZ e¨e ’v Pvjy Ki‡e, mr Kv‡Ri Av‡`k Ki‡e Ges g›` KvR †_‡K wdwi‡q ivL‡e|Ó

G AvqvZ bvwh‡ji ciciB ivm~j (mv.) g`xbvq wnRiZ K‡ib Ges mvnvev wKivg‡K wb‡q Bmjvgx

miKvi MVb K‡i H AvqvZ Abyhvqx 4 `dv `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|

cÖ_g `vwqZ¡ n‡jv RbM‡Yi PwiÎ MVb| Gi Rb¨ bvgv‡hi †P‡q eo gva¨g Avi wKQyB n‡Z cv‡i

bv| bvgv‡hi D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv gvbyl‡K Avj­vni †Mvjvgx‡Z Af¨¯— Kiv| ZvB Avj­vn m~iv

AvbKvey‡Zi 45bs Avqv‡Z e‡jb, ÒwbðqB bvgvh Ak­xj I Lvivc KvR †_‡K wdwi‡q iv‡L|Ó

wØZxq `vwqZ¡ n‡jv RbM‡Yi †g․wjK cÖ‡qvRb c~i‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv| hvKv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨B n‡jv

mvgvwRK wbivcËv weavb Kiv| Bmjvgx A_©bxwZi wfwËB n‡jv hvKvZ| hvKvZ wfwËK A_©bxwZB

RbM‡Yi fvZ-Kvco-evm ’vb-wPwKrmv I wk¶vi wbðqZv w`‡Z cv‡i|

Z…Zxq `vwqZ¡ n‡jv mgv‡Ri Rb¨ Avj­vn cvK hv wKQy fvj e‡j Rvwb‡q w`‡q‡Qb Zv miKvix

¶gZv e¨envi K‡i RbM‡Yi g‡a¨ Pvjy Kiv| ïay Iqvh I bmxnZ G D‡Ï‡k¨ h‡_ó bq| hv‡`i

Dci Av‡`k I wb‡ ©k †`evi `vwqZ¡ i‡q‡Q, Zv‡`i h_vh_ f~wgKv Qvov G D‡Ïk¨ c~iY n‡Z cv‡i

bv|

PZz_© `vwqZ¡ n‡jv mgvR †_‡K me iK‡gi g›` KvR LZg Kiv| Iqvh-bmxnZ Øviv G KwVb

D‡Ïk¨ mdj n‡Z cv‡i bv| miKvix ¶gZv cÖ‡qvM K‡i g›`‡K mgvR †_‡K Zvovevi e¨e ’v Qvov

Ab¨ †Kvb Dcv‡q Zv m¤¢e bq|

Avgv‡`i †`‡k hw` Dc‡iv³ Pvi `dv `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †hvM¨ miKvi Kv‡qg nq, Z‡eB gvbyl my‡L-

kvwš—‡Z Rxeb KvUvevi my‡hvM cv‡e| ZvB Avj­vni AvBb I mr †jv‡Ki kvm‡bi †Kvb weKí

†bB|

Avj­vni AvB‡bi c‡¶ MY`vex PvB

Bs‡iR kvmK‡`i mgq †_‡K G ch©š— hviv †`‡ki miKvix ¶gZv †c‡q‡Q, Zviv mevB wb‡R‡`i

gbMov AvBbB Pvjy K‡i‡Q| Zviv hw` Avj­vni AvBb cQ›` Ki‡Zv, Zvn‡j †`‡ki G y ©kv n‡Zv

bv| hviv AvBb •Zix K‡i Zviv wb‡R‡`i ¯v_© I my‡hvM-myweav envj ivLviB †Póv K‡i| Zviv

wbi‡c¶ n‡q me gvby‡li Rb¨ DcKvix AvBb iPbv Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|

GKgvÎ Avj­vnB Ggb GK gnvb mËv hvi wb‡Ri ¯v_© †bB| wZwbB GKgvÎ wbi‡c¶| ZvQvov

me wel‡q Bjg _vKvi Kvi‡Y Zuvi †Kvb fyj nq bv| ZvB Avj­vn cvK e‡jb, Ò†Zvgiv †hUv

20

AcQ›` KiQ nq‡Zv †mUv †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨ fvj Ges †hUv cQ›` KiQ nq‡Zv †mUvB †Zvgv‡`i Rb¨

g›`| Avi Avj­vnB †ekx Rv‡bb, †Zvgiv Rvb bv|Ó (m~iv evKivn-216 AvqvZ)|

G Kvi‡YB gvbe iwPZ AvBb Øviv †Kvb Kv‡jB gvby‡li myL-kvwš— n‡Z cv‡i bv| evi evi AvBb

e`jvb n‡jI Akvwš— ~i nq bv| ZvB hy‡M hy‡M bex I ivm~j cvwV‡q Zuv‡`i gvid‡Z ÒAvj­vni

AvBbÓ bvwhj Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zuviv mgvR †_‡K GK`j mr †jvK •Zix K‡i Avj­vni AvBb Rvix

Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb| †kl bex (mv.) †Zi eQi †Póv K‡i GK`j mr †jvK †hvMvo K‡i Zv‡`i‡K

mv‡_ wb‡q g`xbvq Avj­vni AvBb Pvjy Ki‡jb| ywbqv †`L‡Z †cj †h, ÒAvj­vni AvBb I mr

†jv‡Ki kvmbÓ Kv‡qg n‡j GKUv Amf¨ I ee©i RvwZ wKfv‡e gvbe RvwZi mf¨Zvi D¯—v‡`

cwiYZ nq|

evsjv‡`‡ki RbMY hw` eZ©gvb Akvwš—, mš¿vm, AwePvi I y ©kv †_‡K euvP‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j mevB‡K

HK¨e× n‡q AvIqvR Zzj‡Z n‡e- ÒAvj­vni AvBb PvB, mr †jv‡Ki kvmb PvB|Ó G MY`vex

e¨vcK n‡j miKvi Avj­vni AvB‡bi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z mvnm Ki‡e bv|

hviv Avj­vni AvBb Pvq Zv‡`i‡K

msMwVZ n‡Z n‡e

G‡`‡ki gymwjg RbMY Avj­vn‡K g‡bcÖv‡Y wek¦vm K‡i, Avj­vni KziAvb‡K Aš—i w`‡q fw³

K‡i Ges Avj­vni ivm~j (mv.)-†K cÖvY w`‡q fvjev‡m| ZvB Zviv Pvq †h KziAv‡bi AvBb Pvjy

†nvK Ges ivm~‡ji (mv.) †`qv kvwš—i weavb Rvix †nvK| †`‡ki AgymwjgivI myL-kvwš— Pvq|

Avj­vni AvBb Pvjy n‡j Zv‡`i Rxe‡bI †h kvwš— Avm‡e †m K_v Zv‡`i‡K eySv‡j eyS‡e|

Avj­vni AvB‡b †`k Pj‡j ZvivI kvwš—‡Z Zv‡`i ag© cvjb Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

RbMY hZB Avj­vni AvBb cQ›` Ki‚K Zv wb‡R wb‡RB Kv‡qg n‡e bv| Gi Rb¨ PvB MY

HK¨| RbMY Avj­vni AvBb I mr‡jv‡Ki kvm‡bi c‡¶ msMwVZ I HK¨e× bv n‡j ïay g‡b

g‡b PvB‡jB Zv Pvjy n‡e bv| G gnvb D‡Ï‡k¨ †h RvgvqvZ Av‡›`vjb Pvwj‡q hv‡‛Q, †m

Rvgvqv‡Zi cwiPvjbvq RbMY hLb msMwVZ n‡e, ZLbB RbM‡Yi Avkv-AvKv“¶v mwZ¨Kvifv‡e

c~iY nIqv mnR n‡e|

Avj­vni AvBb Kv‡qg n‡j hviv Zv‡`i e¨w³MZ, †MvôxMZ, †kªYxMZ I `jMZ ¯v_© bó n‡e e‡j

g‡b K‡i, Zv‡`i‡KB Kv‡qgx ¯v_© ejv nq| KziAv‡b Zv‡`i‡K ÔZvM~ZÕ ejv n‡q‡Q Ges ZvM~Zx

kw³ gvbyl‡K Avj­vni †Mvjvg n‡Z evav †`q Ges Zv‡`i gihxi †Mvjvg evwb‡q ivLvi †Póv K‡i|

gvby‡li †Mvjvgx †_‡K gyw³ †c‡Z n‡j RbMY‡K msNe× n‡q ZvM~Zx kw³i wei‚‡× HK¨e× n‡Z

n‡e|

wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡gB Bmjvgx

miKvi Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e

21

Avj­vni ivm~j (mv.) g`xbvi RbM‡Yi mg_©b wb‡qB Bmjvgx miKvi MVb K‡iwQ‡jb| wZwb A ¿

I †mbvevwnbx wb‡q g`xbv `Lj K‡ibwb| g`xbvq Bmjvgx ûKzgvZ Kv‡qg nevi ci g°v †_‡K

Kvwdi I gykwiK evwnbx A ¿k¯¿ wb‡q hLb g`xbvq Bmjvgx ivóªwU‡K aŸsm Kivi Rb¨ AvµgY

Ki‡Z Avmj, ZLb e`‡ii gq`v‡b ivm~j (mv.) mvnvev wKivg‡K wb‡q k΂‡`i wei‚‡× hy×

Ki‡Z eva¨ nb| wKš‘ wZwb g`xbvi RbM‡Yi Dci Rei`w¯— K‡i miKvi Kv‡qg K‡ibwb|

ZvB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx kw³ cÖ‡qvM K‡i Ges A ¿ I mš¿v‡mi gva¨‡g miKvix ¶gZv `Lj Kivi

†Póv K‡i bv| Avj­vni ivm~j †hgb g`xbvevmx‡`i mg_©b wb‡qB †mLv‡b Bmjvgx ûKzgvZ Kv‡qg

K‡i‡Qb †m wbq‡gB Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx evsjv‡`‡k Bmjvgx miKvi MVb Ki‡Z Pvq|

eZ©gv‡b mviv ywbqvq wbe©vPbB RbM‡Yi mg_©b hvPvB Kivi GKgvÎ mnR I kvwš—c~Y© Dcvq| ZvB

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡gB †`‡k Bmjvgx miKvi Kv‡qg Ki‡Z Pvq| hviv wbe©vP‡b

wek¦vmx, Zviv A ¿ wb‡q ivRbxwZ K‡i bv| hviv mš¿v‡mi gva¨‡g †fvU‡K› ª `Lj K‡i wbe©vP‡b

wRZevi †Póv K‡i, Zviv RbM‡Yi Dci Av ’v iv‡L bv| Zviv RbM‡Yi mg_©‡b wRZevi Avkv K‡i

bv e‡jB †Rvi K‡i †fvU †K› ª `Lj K‡i I e¨vjU WvKvwZ K‡i|

e¨vjU WvKvZiv RbM‡Yi ykgb| Zviv RbMY‡K ¯vaxbfv‡e Zv‡`i gihx g‡Zv †fvU w`‡Z evav

†`q| 1991 mv‡ji 27†k †deª‚qvix †h wbe©vPb n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z RbMY †gvUvgywU Zv‡`i B‛Qv g‡Zv

†fvU w`‡Z †c‡i‡Q| †Kqvi‡UKvi miKv‡ii cwiPvjbvq H wbe©vPb nIqvq †fvUviiv e¨vjU

WvKvZ‡`i Lài †_‡K euvP‡Z †c‡i‡Q|

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi miKvi

Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡e

G K_v mevB Rv‡b †h, G ch©š— †h me `j †`k kvmb K‡i‡Q, Zv‡`i Kv‡iv Avj­vni AvBb I

mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Kv‡q‡gi †Kvb Kg©m~wPB †bB| Zviv G RvZxq K_vI e‡jb bv| Avj­vni AvBb

I mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Kv‡qg Ki‡Z n‡j Kgc‡¶ wZbwU KvR Ki‡Z n‡e t

1| Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© wkw¶Z gnj‡K ¯úó Ávb `vb Ki‡Z n‡e| Kv‡jgv ZvB‡q¨evi wec­ex

`vIqvZ, bvgvh-†ivRv-n¾-hvKv‡Zi g‡Zv eywbqv`x Bev`Zmg~‡ni nvKxKZ I D‡Ïk¨ Ges Bmjvgx

ivRbxwZ I A_©bxwZmn Rxe‡bi me †¶‡Î Bmjvgx weav‡bi Ávb AvaywbK hy‡Mi Dc‡hvMx fvlvq

cwi‡ekb Ki‡Z n‡e, hv‡Z ywbqvi Avi me gZ I c‡_i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i Bmjv‡gi †kªôZ¡ eySv

m¤¢e nq|

D‛P wkw¶Z I myax gn‡ji wbKU KziAvb cvK‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc ’vcb Kivi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Z

n‡e hv‡Z Zviv KziAvb gRx`‡K mKj Áv‡bi Drm g‡b Ki‡Z m¶g nb Ges Bmjvgx mgvR

wec­‡ei w`kvix I MvBW eyK wnmv‡e KziAvb nvKxg‡K eyS‡Z cv‡ib|

G RvZxq Ávb PP©vi ØvivB gvbyl Avj­vni AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv I ¸i‚Z¡ Dcjwä Ki‡Z

cv‡i|

2| Avj­vni AvBb Kv‡q‡gi KwVb `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †hvM¨ Ggb GK`j †jvK •Zix Ki‡Z n‡e,

hviv Bmjvg‡K Rv‡b Ges wb‡R‡`i Rxe‡b Bmjvg‡K †g‡b P‡j| Zv‡`i gb, gMR, PwiÎ, Af¨vm,

PvjPjb, AvPvi, e¨envi BZ¨vw` KziAvb I nv`xm gyZv‡eK M‡o Zzj‡Z n‡e| G gnvb D‡Ï‡k¨ H

me †jvK‡K msMwVZ Ki‡Z n‡e hviv wb‡R‡`i‡K `xb Kv‡q‡gi †hvM¨ evbv‡Z Pvq|

22

3| Gfv‡e †h me †jvK •Zix n‡Z _v‡K Zv‡`i g‡a¨ Cgvb, Bjg I Avg‡ji w`K w`‡q hviv

AMÖmi, Zv‡`i nv‡ZB msMV‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡i `vwqZ¡ w`‡Z n‡e| BDwbqb, Dc‡Rjv, †Rjv I RvZxq

ch©v‡q G fv‡eB GK`j mr I †hvM¨ †bZv •Zix n‡e|

mvaviYZ †`Lv hvq †h, UvKvi †Rv‡i ev wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖfve, cÖwZcwËi Kvi‡Y Amr, PwiÎnxb,

¶gZv‡jvfx I ybx©wZevR †jv‡KivI †bZv n‡q RbM‡Yi Dci †kvlY I hyjyg K‡i| G RvZxq

†bZv‡`i Lài †_‡K RbMY‡K D×vi Ki‡Z n‡j mr, †hvM¨ I PwiÎevb †jvK‡`i †bZ…Z¡ Kv‡qg

Ki‡Z n‡e| G Kvi‡YB mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Kv‡q‡gi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiKwíZfv‡e †bZ…‡Z¡i Dc‡hvMx

†jvK •Zix Ki‡Z n‡e|

Dc‡i ewY©Z wZbwU KvR Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgx eûw`b †_‡K Ki‡Q e‡jB AvR Bmjvg I KziAv‡bi

PP©v GZ e¨vcK n‡q‡Q, mKj gn‡jB Bmjvgx Áv‡bi PP©v †e‡o P‡j‡Q Ges Bmvjvgx gb-gMR

Pwi‡Îi †jv‡Ki msL¨v w`b w`bB e„w× cv‡‛Q|

hw` †`kevmx Avj­vni AvBb I mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Pvq Zvn‡j Zv‡`i G Avkv ZLbB c~iY n‡e,

hLb Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi nv‡Z †`k cwiPvjbvi ¶gZv Avm‡e|

wbe©vP‡bi gva¨‡g RbMYB dvqmvjv K‡i †h Kv‡`i nv‡Z ¶gZv †`qv DwPZ| 1991 mv‡ji

†deª‚qvix‡Z †fv‡Ui Øviv RbMY RvZxq cvwU© I AvIqvgx jx‡Mi nv‡Z ¶gZv bv w`‡q we.Gb.wcÕi

nv‡Z w`‡q‡Q| RbMY hw` Avj­vni AvBb I mr †jv‡Ki kvmb Pvq, Zvn‡j Zviv †fv‡Ui ØvivB

Rvgvqv‡Z Bmjvgxi nv‡Z ¶gZv Zz‡j †`‡e|