Date: March 25, 2011

Submitted toProfessor: Dr. Li He

 Department of Civil Engineering

Submitted by: Atique Ahmed ID # 989056528Aamir khan ID # 500391813

Introduction Factors in Brownfield DevelopmentBenefits of Brownfield DevelopmentThe Challenge of Brownfields Development ProcessCleanup Planning and ExecutionCase Studies Conclusion

Outline

Introduction

What is Brownfield?

“Brownfields" are abandoned, underused lands come from redundant industrial and commercial sites, past rail way yards, institutions, hospital, housing, gas stations, riverbanks etc where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by the presence of hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminants.

There are about 30,000 Brownfield sites in Canada.

Why is Brownfield cleanup and development important? Revitalization of neighborhoods and employment areasUtilization of existing sewer, water and road infrastructure to reduce the urban development costsIncreased housing opportunitiesImproved environmental quality and human healthEconomic growthRetention and creation of local jobsIncreased property values and property tax revenues

Economic Impact of Brownfield DevelopmentEvery $1 spent on Brownfield development generates approximately $3.80 in total economic output.

Introduction

Factors of Brownfield developmentWho is affected and in what ways?

The owner of the property by the environmental liabilities.Neighboring property values by the existence of contamination.The community is negatively affected by urban blight.The city suffers a loss of tax revenues.Young People from getting new jobs.The lender’s loan to the company is at risk.Suppliers to the company may suffer losses as a result of bankruptcy.All tax payers is going to have to cleanup of mess left by polluter.

Factors of Brownfield development

What if Brownfield Development is not done?

The negative effects are:

urban blightcommunity deteriorationflight of workersjobs to the suburbs

Benefits of Brownfield Development

1. Economic Benefits:Convey public and private assets and capital to

productive uses.Refresh unused lands and adjacent areas to

productive uses.Provide an engine for economic revival by

drawing businesses to the area. Increase the tax base for all three levels of

government.Creates confidence in environmental risk

management.Offers export for Canadian clean-up

technologies.

The three benefits are:

Benefits of Brownfield Development

2. Environmental Benefits Alleviates development pressures on Greenfield sites. Produces urban restoration for concerned urban

areas. Progresses the quality of the environment by acting

as a catalyst for environmental assessment and remediation.

3. Social Benefits Generates employment in the expert areas of

remediation. Revives small and rural communities that can be

besieged by the pressure of even a single considerable Brownfield.

Barrier to Brownfield Development

Three primary barriers are:

Vague liabilities and risk assessment regimes

Lack of resources to funding Brownfield development

Poor stakeholders attentiveness to Brownfield development

The Challenge of Brownfields

Brownfields are lands that may have been contaminated from past use and are currently abandoned or underutilized.Usually, but not exclusively, former industrial or commercial properties that may be underutilized, derelict, or vacant.

Key ChallengeEncourage the revitalization of Brownfield properties and surrounding communities while protecting health and the environment

Brownfield in Ontario: Where are they found Brownfields exist in every

municipality, big and small, urban and rural

Common in historic urban cores, waterfronts, downtown main streets, railway corridors, service junctions

In smaller communities, most common Brownfield sites:

• abandoned service stations• former industrial sites• landfills

Environmental Site Assessments

Environmental Site Assessment is one of the key for reducing cleanup costs.

This includes: Phase I ESA : records review and site visit. Phase II ESA: sampling, testing and reporting after the report of Phase I.

Brownfield Development Process

Development ProcessRULES AND REGULATIONRULES AND REGULATION

When Budget is allocation; the health and safety of People and environment be considered.In Canada and USA help and assistance is

available.In Canada Ontario Government had

initiated rules and regulation for Brownfield Redevelopment.

Development Process

The common contaminates in all The common contaminates in all Brownfields sites are:Brownfields sites are:

1.Soil, Liquid and Air2.Primarily investigation discovers which constituents is contaminated.3.Soil remediation technologies are available for each constituents whether it is, Soil, Liquid or Air.4.The Primary Goal for Remediation Technology is to reduce COST.

Following common techniques are being used for brownfields remediation but not limited:

• In situ bioremediation• Ex situ bioremediation

DEVELOPMENT PRCESS…..Cont’d

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:

•Soil Vapor Extraction Soil Vapor Extraction – SVE reduces concentration of volatile constituents in petroleum products adsorbed to soils. In this technology, a vacuum is applied through wells near the source of contamination in the soil.

•Air SpargingAir Sparging: reduces concentrations of volatile constituents in petroleum products. (GW)

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:

•BiospargingBiosparging– uses indigenous microorganisms to biodegrade organic constituents in the saturated zone, if needed air (for oxygen) and nutrients are injected into the saturated zone to increase the biological activities of the microorganisms.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:

•Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH)Electrical Resistance Heating (ERH)Employs passing an electrical current through thesoil or groundwater by use of electrodes placed into the ground. The natural resistance of soil causes heating of the subsurface soil to approximately 100Degree Celsius and in turn “Evaporates” or “Boils off” the volatile constituents of the contaminated soil into the AtmosphereAtmosphere. (Ex. gasoline & diesel)

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:

•In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)ISCO reduces concentrations of volatile constituents adsorbed to soils in the saturated zone. ISCO involves the introduction of a chemical oxidant into the subsurface for the purpose of transforming ground water or soil contaminants into less harmfulchemical species.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:

•Groundwater BioremediationGroundwater Bioremediation Groundwater bioremediation is a technology that encourages growth and reproduction of indigenous microorganisms to enhance biodegrading of organic constituents in the contaminate soil groundwater.

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:•BioventingBioventing

Bioventing remediation technology uses indigenous microorganisms (bacteria) to biodegrade organic constituents adsorbed to soils in the unsaturated zone. In Bioventing, the activity of the indigenous bacteria is enhanced by inducing air (or oxygen) flow into the unsaturated zone (using extraction or injection wells) and, if necessary, by adding nutrients). (For soil)

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

In Situ Bioremediation:•Multi-Phase Extraction (MPE)Multi-Phase Extraction (MPE)

MPE is a technology that uses pumps to remove various combinations of contaminated groundwater, separate-phase petroleum product, and hydrocarbon vapor from the subsurface. Extracted liquids and vapor are treated and collected for disposal, or re-injected to the subsurface. Multi-Phase Extraction also allows for dewatering the saturated zone, exposing the previously saturated zone to airflow from Soil Vapor Extraction (SVE). (For GW)

DEVELOPMENT PROCESS– Cont’d….

Ex Situ Bioremediation:Ex Situ Bioremediation:

For Ex situ following techniques are used:•Land farming•Bio-pile/Compositing•Bioreactors

These technologies are available and differ to different Brownfield remediation.

CLEANUP PLANING AND EXECUATION

Types of Cleanup BrownfieldsTypes of Cleanup Brownfields

•Abandoned factories•No Owner Abandoned Properties•Private owned abandoned properties•Dumped sites•Abandoned Gas Station Sites•Contaminated sites•Abandoned Vehicles Junk Yards

CASE STUDIES

2 Case Studies were performed:2 Case Studies were performed:

•Case Study - One

Brownfield Site:SPENCER CREEK VILLAGE 50 Hatt Street, Dundas (Hamilton), Ontario.

CASE STUDIES

Description of Case Studies -OneDescription of Case Studies -One

Site area 4.5 hectares (11.0 acres)Developer:Urban Horse DevelopmentsBrownfield Process:Brownfield ContractorGreenwich-Mohawk Brownfield ContractorCost: $2.4Millions

CASE STUDIES

•Case Study - TwoCase Study - Two

Brownfield Site:The Hamilton Beaches Housing ProjectHamilton, Ontario 440 Beach boulevard

CASE STUDIES

Description of Case Study -TwoDescription of Case Study -Two

Area: 1.9 hectares (4.7 acres)Developer:Midevco Group of CompaniesBrownfield Process:Brownfield ContractorAIM Environmental GroupCost: $1.3Million

CONCLUSION

There are many incentives concerning converting brownfields to redevelopment. These are some of those:

Social Stimulus would be enhanced Economic Stimulus would be increased Community Standards Stimulate Tax and Revenue for Government increased Infrastructure of area improved Environmental Agency Stimulates

CONCLUSION ……Cont’d

Revitalization of neighborhoods and employment opportunities

Increased housing opportunities Improved environmental quality and

human health Retention and creation of local jobs

Questions?

Thanks for Your Attention