AAMC proceedings for 1969

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Association of American Medical CollegesProceedings for 1969

ASSEMBLY MEETINGS

February 8, 1969

November 3, 1969

ANNUAL MEETING

Plenary Sessions

Business Officers Section

Computer Usage in Medical School

Council of Academic Societies

Council of Teaching Hospitals

Continuing Medical Education

Developing Medical Schools

Group on Student Affairs

International Medical Education

Research in Medical Education

Society of Teachers of Family Medicine

ANNUAL REPORTS OF STAFF AND COMMITTEES

OFFICERS, EXECUTIVE COUNCIL, AND EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE

STAFF, 1969-70

Council of Academic Societies (CAS) Officers and Executive Committee, 1968-69.. 307

Council of Deans (COD) Officers and Administrative Committee, 1968-69 308

Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH) Officers and Executive Committee,1968-69. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 308

Committees, 1968-69. . . . . 308

Meetings of AAMC Assembly

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Table of Contents

Officers, Executive Council, and Executive Committee, 1968-69

February 8, 1969. . . . . .. . .

November 3, 1969 ...

Annual Meeting

Plenary Sessions .

Business Officers Section

Computer Usage in Medical Schools .

Council of Academic Societies. .. . ..

Council of Teaching Hospitals.. . .

Continuing Medical Education.

Developing Medical Schools .

Group:on Student Affairs .

International Medical Education

Research in Medical Education.

Society of Teachers of Family Medicine.. ..

Annual Reports of Staff and Committees

Report of the President

Report of the Treasurer. . . . .

Report of the Director of Business Affairs

Council of Academic Societies ...

Council of Deans. . ... . ...


Accreditation .

Continuing Education.

307

315

316

318

320

321

321

324

326

327

328

332

333

....... 335

336

338

343

345

348

351

353

354

Officers, Executive Council, and Executive Committee, 1969-70. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 370

Staff, 1969-70. .. 370

Education Advisory Committee to the Veterans Administration. . . . . . . . .. . 357

Educational Measurement and Research. . . . . . . .. 359

Federal Health Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 360

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International Medical Education ..

Operational Studies and Management..... . .....

Student Affairs ...

Publications. . . .. .

362

365

366

368

307

Council of Academic Societies (CAS)OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 1968-69

Temple UniversItyDartmouth College

University of VirginiaUniversity of Arizona

Boston UniversitySaint Louis University

.University of WashingtonDuke University

. Johns Hopkins HospitalUniversity of Texas

Duke UniversityOhio State University

Stanford UniversityUniversity of Minnesota

AAMC

Hartford Hospital. University of Pennsylvania

Duke UniversityUniversity of Washington

HospItal

. University of Pennsylvania.Duke University

. ...SUNY-Syracuse

.... University of Massachusetts..... ... SUNY-Brooklyn

.. Duke University

Stanford UniversityDuke University

AAMC

Hartford Hospital.. University of Minnesota

.. University of Washington Hospital... University of Pennsylvania

Chairman: ROBERT J. GLASER .

Chairman-Elect: ROBERT B. HOWARD ...

President: JOHN A. D. COOPER ..... .

Secretary-Treasurer: T. STEWART HAMILTON

Chairman, COlmcil ofAcademic Societies: JONATHAN E. RHOADS

Cllairman, Council ofDeans: WILLIAM G. ANLYAN ..

Chairman, COl/neil of Teaching Hospitals: Roy S. RMIBECK

Executive Council Members:ROBERT M. BUCHER

CARLETON B. CHAPMAN.

KENNETH R. CRISPELL

MERLIN K. DUVAL

FRANKLIN EBAUGH, JR.

ROBERT H. FELIX .

JOHN R. HOGNESS.

THOMAS D. KINNEY

RUSSELL A. NELSON

CHARL~C.SPRAGUE

DANIEL C. TO~N..

JAM~ V. WARREN ..

Executive Committee Members:ROBERT J. GLASER, Chairman ...WILLIAM G. ANLYAN

JOHN A. D. COOPER

T. STEWART HAMILTON

ROBERT B. HOWARD

Roy S. RAMBECK . .

JONATHAN E. RHOADS

Officers of the Association, Members of theExecutive Council, and Members of the ExecutiveCommittee, 1968-69

Chairman: JONATHAN E. RHOADS .

Chairman-Elect: DANIEL C. TOSfESON .

Secretary: HARRY A. FELDMAN .

CAS Executive Committee Members:SAM L. CLARK, JR. '" .. . .

PATRICK J. FITZGERALD . . . . . . . .. . .

THOMAS D. KINNEY. . . . . . . . . .. . .

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Committees of the Association, 1968-69

Council of Deans (COD)OFFICERS AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE, 1968-69

. .. .. Temple University. . . Dartmouth College

University of VirginiaUniversity of Arizona

. Boston UniversitySaint Louis University

....Stanford University. .. . .. University of Texas

. ... . ....Duke University. .. University of Washington

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

... University of Indiana.Ohio State University

..... University of Washington

University of Washington HospitalHartford Hospital

Allegheny General Hospital. . ... . AAMC

CoUNT D. GIBSON, JR., TuftsCHARLES R. GOULET, University of Chicago

Hospitals and ClinicsJONATHAN E. RHOADS, PennsylvaniaGEORGE A SILVER, The Urban CoalitionMITCHELL W. SPELLMAN, Charles R. Drew

Postgraduate Medical School

. . .. ... Saint Louis University Hospitals. . . .. . Freedmen's Hospital, Washington D.C.

. Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston.. ..... Duke University Medical Center. .. University of Chicago Hospitals and ClinicsVeterans Administration Hospital, Cincinnati

. . .. North Carolina Baptist HospitalsLos Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center

.. New York University Medical Center.. . American Hospital Association. .. Johns Hopkins Hospital (Ex officio)

JOHN I. NURNBERGERJAMES V. WARRENRALPH J. WEDGWOOD

308 Journal of Medical Education

COD Administrative Committee Members:ROBERT M. BUCHERCARLETON B. CHAPMANKENNETH R. CRISPELL .MERLIN K. DUVALFRANKLIN G. EBAUGH, JR.ROBERT H. FELIXROBERT J. GLASER ..CHARLES C. SPRAGUE

Chairman: WILLIAM G. ANLYAN .Chairman-Elect: JOHN R. HOONESS .

Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH)OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 1968-69

Chairman: Roy s. RAMBECKChairman-Elect: T. STEWART HAMILTONImmediate Past-Chairman: LAD F. GRAPSKI .....Secretary and Director: MATTHEW F. McNULTY, JR.. . ..COTH Executive Coml11itlee Members:

ERNESr N. BOETTCHER.CHARLES E. BURBRIDGE.LEONARD W. CRONKHITE, JR.CHARLES H. FRENZEL.CHARLES R. GOULETL. H. GUNTERREID T. HOLMES ..DAVID ODELL. .IRVIN G. WILMOTJOSEPH H. McNINCHRUSSELL A. NELSON.

JOHN R. HOONESS, Washington-Seattle, Chair-man

JOSEPH CEITHMIL, ChicagoKENNETH R. CRISPELL, VirginiaROBERT J. GLASER, Stanford

ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM

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AAMC Proceedings for 1969

DANIEL C. TOSTESON, DukePAUL E. WEHRLE, Southern California

BIOCHEMISTRY PLACK\IENT EXAl\IINATION

Steering:

GODFREY S. GETZ, ChicagoA. J. GUARINO, Texas-San AntonioCLYDE G. HUGGINS, TulaneJAMES W. BARTLEIT, Rochester (Ex officio)

Resource:

W. E. CORNATZER, North DakotaLAURENCE M. CoRWIN, BostonEDWIN G. KREBS, California-DavisRICHARD H. NUENKE, Ohio StateTHmlAS R. RIGGS, MichiganWILBERT R. TODD, OregonCARLETON R. TREDWELL, George Washing

tonJOHN E WILSON, North Carolina

BORDEN AWARD

ALFRED A. GELLHORN, Pennsylvania, Chair-man

ROBERT E. FORSTER, PennsylvaniaCLIFFORD GROBSTEIN, California-San DiegoLEON O. JACOBSON, Chicago

BUSINESS OFFICERS SECTION

Officers and Executive Committee:

JOSEPH A. DIANA, Michigan, ChairmanHARRY O. PARKER, Bowman Gray, Vice

ChairmanWILLIAM C. HILLES, New York Medical,

SecretaryCLARENCE N. STOVER, JR., Utah, TreasurerTHm,lAs A. FITZGERALD, New York Uni-

versityGERALD H. GILL~IAN, MinnesotaHUGH E. HILLIARD, EmoryWARREN H. KENNEDY, VanderbiltROBERT G. LINDEE, StanfordGEORGE M. NORWOOD, JR., JeffersonDAVID A. SINCLAIR, SUNY-SyracuseWILLIAM A. ZIMMERMAN, Oregon

309

BOS Bylaws:

GEORGE M. NORWOOD, JR., Jefferson,Chairman

ERICK K. ERICKSON, California-San Fran-cisco

RONALD C. LEACH, CincmnatiloUIS A. REMS, Mount SinaIVERNON E. THmIPsoN, Texas-Galveston

BOS Nominating:

WARREN H. KENNEDY, Vanderbilt, Chair-man

ROBERT L. MACHUGH, Washmgton-SeattleRICHARD J. OLENDZKI, HarvardJOHN M. SHARP, MeharryMELVIN T. TRACHT, Chicago

BOS Program:

ROBERT G. LINDEE, Stanford, ChairmanALFRED F. BEERS, PennsylvaniaDANIEL P. BENFORD, IndianaJOSEPH A. DIANA, MichiganC. N. STOVER, JR., UtahJAMES R TURNER, North CarolinaA. E. WILLIAMSON, Colorado

BOS Relationships-NACUBO:

THO~IAS A FITZGERALD, New York Uni-versity, Chairman

RICHARD AlA, Wayne StateROBERT G. LINDEE, StanfordRONALD A. LocHBAU, DukeEDWARD MAHER, ConnectIcut

CAS BIOMEDICAL COMMUNICATIONS PROJECT STEEIUNG CO:\IMITTEE

EUGENE A. STEAD, Duke, ChairmanJACK W. CoLE, YaleWILLIAM G. CooPER, ColoradoRONALD EsrABRooK, Texas-SouthwesternDANIEL S. FLEISHER, TempleWILLIAM G. HARLESS, illinOISS. RICHARDSON HILL, JR., AlabamaRICHARD JUDGE, MichiganDoNALD W. KING, ColumbiaERNST KNOBIL, PittsburghJAMES A. MERRILL, Oklahoma

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HERLUF V. OLSEN, JR., Medical Center Hos-pital of Vermont

WILLIAM SCHWARTZ, TuftsWARNER SLACK, WisconsinRum M. DAVIS, National Library of Medi

cine (Ex officio)C. G. GUNN, National Library of Medicine

(Ex officio)MARY H. LITTLEMEYER, AAMC (Ex officio)CHEVES McC. SMYTHE, AAMC (Ex officio)DANIEL C. TOSTESON, Duke (Ex officio)

CAS GRADUATE l\IEDICAL EDUCATION STANDING COl\lMITIEE

THOMAS D. KINNEY, Duke, ChairmanLEIGHTON E CLUFF, FloridaCHARLES GREGORY, Texas-SouthwesternWILLIAM D. HOLDEN, Case Western ReserveRUSSELL A. NELSON, Johns Hopkins HospitalJOHN I. NURNBERGER, IndianaJONATHAN E. RHOADS, PennsylvaniaWILLIAM B. WElL, JR., Michigan State

CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH INMEDICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMCOl\lMITIEE

HILLIARD JASON, Michigan State, ChairmanRENEE C. Fox, PennsylvaniaEDWIN B. HUTCHINS, Iowa StateTHOMAS C. KING, UtahPETER V. LEE, Southern CaliforniaDALE E. MATISON, AAMC (Secretary)

CONTINUING EDUCATION

FRANK M. WOOLSEY, JR., Albany, ChairmanGEORGE E. CARTMILL, Harper Hospital,

DetroitC. WESLEY EISELE, ColoradoWILLIAM D. MAYER, MissouriJACK D. MYERS, PittsburghJESSE D. RISING, KansasC. H. WILLIAM RUHE, American Medical

AssociationW. ALBERT SULLIVAN, JR., MinnesotaDONALD H. WILLIAMS, British Columbia

COTH INFORl\IATION CENTERADYISORY COl\ll\IITIEE

CECIL G. SHEPS, North Carolina, Chairman

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

DON L. ARNWINE, ColoradoAGNES W. BREWSfER, PennsylvaniaRAy E. BROWN, Affiliated Hospitals Center,

BostonEDWARD J. CONNORS, University Hospital,

Ann ArborJAMES P. CooNEY, School of Public Health,

California-Los AngelesROBERT M. CUNNINGHAM, JR., Modern Hos

pitalSAM A. EDWARDS, Trinity UniversityPAUL J. FELDSTEIN, School of Public Health,

MichiganJOHN R. GRIFFITH, MichiganDONALD C. RIEDEL, YaleE. TODD WHEELER, E. Todd Wheeler and

the Perkins and Will Partnership, Chicago.LISfON A. WITHERILL, Los Angeles County

Department of HospitalsCHARLES R. WRIGHT, Annenberg School of

Communications, PennsylvaniaJOHN P. YOUNG, Johns Hopkins

COTH MEMBERSHIP

T. STEWART HAMILTON, Hartford Hospital,Chairman

LEONARD W. CRONKHITE, JR., Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston

CHARLES R. GOULET, University of ChicagoHospitals and Clinics

corn MODER1~IZATIONANDCONSTRUCTION FUNDS FORTEACHING HOSPITALS

RICHARD T. VIGUERS, New England MedicalCenter Hospitals, Chairman

LEWIS H ROHRBAUGH, Boston, UniversityMedical Center, Vice-Chairman

ROBERT C. HARDY, Oklahoma Health SciencesFoundation

JOHN H. KNOWLES, Massachusets GeneralHospital

DAVID LrrrAuER, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles

RICHARD D. VANDERWARKER, Memorial Hospital for Cancer and Allied Diseases, NewYork

JOHN H. WESfER1,fAN, University of MinnesotaHospitals

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CHARLES H. FRENZEL, Duke University Medical Center (Ex officio)

JOHN W. KAUFFMAN, American HospitalAssociation (Ex officio)

COTH PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT

LEONARD W. CRONKHITE, JR., Children'sHospital Medical Center, Boston, Chairman

STANLEY A. FERGUSON, University Hospitalsof Cleveland

DAN J. MACER, Veterans AdministrationHospital, Pittsburgh

EDUCATION ADVISORY COMl\IITTEE TO THE VETERAJ.~S

ADMINISTRATION

S. RICHARDSON HILL, JR., Alabama, ChairmanGRANVILLE A. BENNETT, IllinoisGEORGE JAMES, Mount SinaISHERMAN M. MELLINKOFF, California-Los

AngelesVERNON E. WILSON, MissouriBARNES WOODHALL, Duke

FEDERAL HEALTH PROGRAMS

CARLETON B. CHAPMAN, Dartmouth, Chair-man

ROBERT H. FELIX, Saint LouisCHARLES H. FRENZEL, DukeROBERT J. GLASER, StanfordTHOMAS D. KINNEY, DukeJOHN H. KNOWLES, Massachusetts General

HospitalCHARLES A. LEMAISTRE, Texas-SouthwesternWILFRIED F. H. M. MOMMAERTS, California

Los AngelesDAVID E. ROGERS, Johns HopkinsLEWIS THOMAS, New York University

FL~ANCIAL PRINCIPLES

STANLEY A. FERGUSON, University Hospitalsof Cleveland, Chairman

RICHARD D. WITTRUP, Affiliated HospitalsCenter, Boston, Vice-Chairman

ROBERT A. CHASE, StanfordCLARENCE DENNIS, SUNY-BrooklynROBERT H. FELIX, Saint Louis

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CHARLES R. GOULET, University of ChicagoHospitals and Clinics

VERNON L. HARRIS, University of Utah Hospital

GERHARD HARTMAN, University of IowaHospitals

REID T. HOLMES, North Carolina BaptistHospitals

LEON O. JACOBSON, ChicagoARTHUR J. KLIPPEN, Veterans Administra

tion Hospital, MinneapolisBERNARD J LACHNER, Ohio State University

HospitalsRUSSELL W. MAPES, ChIldren's Hospital of

Los AngelesLAWRENCE E. MARTIN, Massachusetts Gen

eral HospitalWILLIMf D. MAYER, MissouriROGER B. NELSON, University Hospital, Ann

ArborCHARLES C. SPRAGUE, Texas-SouthwesternFRANCIS J. SWEENEY, JR., Jefferson Medical

College HospitalJMfES V. WARREN, Ohio StateIRVIN G. WILMOT, New York UniverSity

Medical CenterROBERT E. LINDE, American Hospital Asso

ciation (Ex officio)

FLEXNER AWARD

ROBERT H. EBERT, Harvard, ChairmanEBEN ALEXANDER, JR., Bowman GrayJ. LoWELL ORBISON, RochesterF. C. REDLICH, YaleGEORGE A. WOLF, JR., KansasSTEWART WOLF, Oklahoma Medical Research

Foundation

INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL EDUCATION

THOMAS H. HUNTER, Virginia, ChairmanH. MEAD CAVERT, MinnesotaHARRY A. FELDMAN, SUNY-SyracuseDIETER KOCH-WESER, HarvardMANSON MEADS, Bowman GrayRUSSELL A. NELSON, Johns Hopkins HospitalCHARLES C. SPRAGUE, Texas-SouthwesternDOUGLAS M. SURGENOR, SUNY-Buffalo

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JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION, EDITORIAL BOARDJOHN A D. COOPER, AAMC, ChairmanTHOMAS P. ALMY, DartmouthWILLIAM G. ANLYAN, DukeRAy E. BROWN, Affiliated Hospitals Center,

BostonROBERT M. BUCHER, TempleJOHN J. CONGER, ColoradoGORDON W DOUGLAS, New York UniversityMERLIN K. DUVAL, ArizonaLEONARD D. FENNINGER, U.S. Public Health

ServicePETER V. LEE, Southern CaliforniaEDMUND D. PELLEGRINO, SUNY-Stony BrookGEORGE A. PERERA, ColumbiaPETER F. REGAN, SUNY-BuffaloMORRIS F. SHAFFER, TulaneROBERT J. SLATER, Association for the Aid of

Crippled ChildrenEMANUEL SUTER, Florida

LIAISON COMl\IITTEE ONMEDICAL EDUCATIONWILLIAM R. WILLARD, Kentucky (AMA),

Chairman

AMA Members:E. BRYCE ROBINSON JR., Lloyd Noland

Hospital, Fairfield, AlabamaBLAND W. CANNON, Memphis, TennesseeKENNETH C. SAWYER, Denver, ColoradoWILLIAM A. SODEMAN, Life Insurance Medi-

cal Research FundC. H. WILLIAM RUHE, AMAVERNON E. WILSON, MIssouriHAYDEN C. NICHOLSON, AMA (Secretary)

AAMC Members:JOHN A. D. CooPER, AAMCKENNETH R. CRISPELL, VirginiaMERLIN K. DUVAL, ArizonaROBERT J. GLASER, StanfordT. STEWART HAMILTON, Hartford HospitalROBERT B. HOWARD, MinnesotaTHOMAS D. KINNEY, DukeCHEVES McC. SMYTHE, AAMC (Secretary)

l\lCAT ADVISORY CO~nIITTEE

JOHN L. CAUGHEY, JR., Case Western Reserve,Chairman

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

JAMES 'V. BARTLETT, RochesterJOSEPH CEITHAML, ChicagoRoy K. JARECKY, KentuckySCHUYLER G. KOHL, SUNY-BrooklynWOODROW W. MORRIS, IowaWILLIAM SCHOFIELD, MinnesotaDALE E. MATTSON, AAMC (Secretary)DAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)

NOMINATING

FREDERICK C. ROBBINS, Case Western Reserve,Chairman

STANLEY A. FERGUSON, University Hospitalsof Cleveland

CLIFFORD G. GRULEE, JR., CincinnatiJOHN C. ROSE, GeorgetownLAMAR SOUTTER, MassachusettsDANIEL C. TOSTESON, DukeC. JOHN TUPPER, California-DavisEMANUEL SUTER, Florida

OPERATIONAL STUDIES ANDMANAGEMENT

WILLIAM F. MALONEY, Tufts, ChairmanROBERT M. BUCHER, TempleJOSEPH A. DIANA, MichiganPETER L. EICHMAN, WisconsinROBERT C. HARDIN, IowaBALDWIN G. LAMSON, California-Los AngelesROBERT G. LINDEE, StanfordJOHN M. STACEY, VirginiaC. N. STOVER, JR., Utah

STUDENT AFFAIRS

JOSEPH CEITHAML, Chicago, ChairmanJAMES W. BARTLETT, RochesterJOHN L. CAUGHEY, JR., Case Western Re-

serveK. ALBERT HARDEN, HowardBERNARD W. NELSON, StanfordWOODROW W. MORRIS, IowaEDWARD S PETERSEN, NorthwesternCHARLES C. SPRAGUE, Texas-SouthwesternROBERT L. TUTTLE, Bowman Gray

GSA Steering:

JOSEPH CEITHAML, Chicago, ChairmanGERALD A. GREEN, Southern CaliforniaJAMES A. KNIGHT, Tulane

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WOODROW W. MORRIS, IowaPHILIP O. NICE, DartmouthEDWARD S PETERSEN, NorthwesternR08ERT L. TUTTLE, Bowman GrayDAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)

GSA COInmunications with StudentOrganizations:

JOHN H. GITHENS, Colorado, ChairmanWILLIAM J. CAMERON, KansasARTHUR J. KAHN, New JerseyPHILIP A. NICHOLAS, MeharryJOHN K. R08INSON, MiamIJ WALLACE ZELLER, TuftsDAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)FRANK T. STRITTER, AAMC (Ex officio)ROBERT L. TUTTLE, Bowman Gray (Ex

officio)

GSA Financial Problems of MedicalStudents:

DoNALD A. BOULTON, Illinois, ChairmanMARTIN S. BEGUN, New York UniversityTHEODORE H. HARWOOD, North DakotaJOHN D. PALMER, ArizonaJAMES G. SHAFFER, Chicago MedicalR08ERT L. SIMMONS, Louisiana State-New

OrleansJOSEPH CEITHAML, Chicago (Ex officio)FRANK T. STRITTER, AAMC (Ex officio)

GSA Medical Education of MinorityGroup Students:

Roy K. JARECKY, Kentucky, ChairmanHUGH D. BENNETT, HahnemannPAUL ELLIOTT, FloridaEDWARD W. HAWTHORNE, HowardMITCHELL ROSENHOLTZ, MissouriAUGUST G. SWANSON, Washington-SeattleJOSEPH CEITHAML, Chicago (Ex officio)DAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)DALE E. MATTSON, AAMC (Ex officio)FRANK T. STRITTER, AAMC (Ex officio)

GSA Medical Student Health:

THOMAS B. HILL, Michigan State, ChairmanGEORGE CHRISTAKIS, Mount SinaiJOHN C. HERWEG, Washington-St. LouisLINDY F. KUMAGAI, UtahHUNTER H. MCGUIRE, JR., Virginia Medical

313

RICHARD H. MoY, ChicagoJOSEPH CEITHAML, Chicago (Ex officio)DAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)

GSA Medical Student Records:

SCHUYLER G. KOHL, SUNY-Brooklyn, Chair-man

JACK M. COLWILL, MissouriROBERT A CROCKER, TennesseeMERREL D. FLAIR, NorthwesternR08ERT A. GREEN, MIchiganDONALD R. GRINOLS, RochesterBERNARD W. NELSON, StanfordHAROLD J. SIMON, Califorma-San DiegoROBERT L. THOMPSON, DukeDAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)DALE E. MATTSON, AAMC (Ex officio)WOODROW W. MORRIS, Iowa (Ex officio)ROBERT L TUTTLE, Bowman Gray (Ex

officio)

GSA Nominating:

BERNARD W. NELSON, Stanford, ChairmanJOSEPH M. HOLTHAUS, CreightonCHARLES E. KIELY, JR., CincinnatiSCHUYLER G. KOHL, SUNY-BrooklynEVANGELINE T. PAPAGEORGE, Emory

GSA Relations with Colleges alHISecondary Schools:

NAT E. SMITH, Illinois, ChairmanG. GORDON HADLEY, Lorna LindaR08ERT G. PAGE, ToledoEVANGELINE T. PAPAGEORGE, EmoryGEORGE A. PERERA, ColumbiaGEORGE C. RINKER, South DakotaJOSEPH CErrHAML, Chicago (Ex offiCIO)FRANK T. STRITTER, AAMC (Ex officio)

GSA Research on Student Affairs:

GERALD A. GREEN, Southern California,Chairman

PERRY J. CuLVER, HarvardT. ALBERT FARMER, JR., AlabamaJOSEPH M. HOLTHAUS, CreightonCHARLES E. KIELY, JR., CincinnatiEDWARD MOLDOWSKI, SUNY-BrooklynDAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)DALE E. MATTSON, AAMC (Ex omcio)

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FRANK T. STRfITER, AAMC (Ex officio)ROBERT L. TUITLE, Bowman Gray (Ex officio)

GSA Studcnt Aspccts of Internationall\1edical Education:

E. CROff LoNG, Duke, ChairmanRIcHARD J. CRoss, Rutgers

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

JOSHUA S. GOLDEN, California-Los AngelesHORACE N. MARVIN, ArkansasBEN RUBENSTEIN, Wayne StateW. ALBERT SULLIVAN, JR., MinnesotaDAVIS G. JOHNSON, AAMC (Ex officio)ROBERT L. TUITLE, Bowman Gray (Ex

officio)

315

Nleetings of the AAMC AssemblyFebruary 8, 1969Palmer House, Chicago, lllinois

7. The section on medical educatIon in theCarnegie Commission report was endorsed.The Carnegie Foundation, the Departmentof Health, Education, and Welfare (DHEW),and Dr. Lee DuBridge, Science Adviser to thePresident, were so informed.

8. The AAMC cost allocation pilot studywas discussed. Additional academic medicalcenters were urged to explore this administrative device as methodology and proceduresbecome defined.

9. The report on the establIshment of aCommission on Medical Education and Graduate Medical Education, prepared by Drs.Cheves McC. Smythe and C H. WilliamRuhe, was referred to the three AAMCCouncils for consideration.

10. Recommendations concerning the establishment of a Commission on ForeignMedical Graduates were received.

Other Reports

Interim reports were presented by the threeAAMC Councils. Final reports of these activities for the year of this report appear elsewhere in the Proceedings.

In addition, the following special reportswere presented: (a) Dr. Ralph Hewitt of theBrookings Institution and formerly AssistantSecretary for Legislation, DHEW, on problems inherent in obtaining federal funding;(b) Dr. Richard Stevenson of the NationalInstitutes of Health on supplementation ofresearch career development awards; and (c)

Robert Graham, Chairman of the StudentAmerican Medical Association (SAMA) Commission on Medical Education, on its composition and goals.

The Assembly was called to order by Chairman Robert J. Glaser at 2:10 P.M. Dr. T.Stewart Hamilton, Secretary-Treasurer, calledthe roll and declared a quorum present.

Report of the Chairnmn of the Executive Council

Dr. Glaser reported on the following recentactivities of the Executive Council:

1. An ad hoc committee, appointed byPresident John Parks to recommend a candidate for the first full-time President of theAssociation, unanimously chose Dr. JohnA. D. Cooper for this important post. Dr.Cooper's appointment was effective immediately on a half-time basis and full-timebeginning July 1, 1969.

2. An Executive Committee of the ExecutiveCouncil was created to include the Chairmanand Chairman-Elect of the Executive Council,and the Chairmen of the Councils of Academic Societies, Deans, and Teaching Hospitals.

3. Special action was taken to commendDr. Robert C. Berson, Executive Director,and the staff for carrying the programs of theAAMC through a difficult period. Dr. Glaserparticularly thanked the staff for its efforts inthe move of AAMC headquarters from Evanston, Illinois, to Washington, D.C.

4. Following the recommendation of theSprague Committee, a Department of Academic Affairs was authorized.

5. Membership in the Liaison Committee onMedical Education was expanded to includerepresentation from the Councils of TeachingHospitals and Academic Societies.

6. The appointment of Dr. John S. Millisas Vice President to the National Fund forMedical Education was noted.

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~[edical Rcscarch and RC!'lcarchTraining

A resolution that would call for AAMC support of medical research and rc~earch trainingwas discussed at length The importance ofsuch support was clearly acknowledged, butthe consensus favored development of abroader statement which would be circulatedprior to official action.

ACfION: On motion, seconded and carried,the resolution was tabled. The Assembly wasadjourned at 3:55 P.M

NOVCl11.hcl' 3, 1969Convention Center, Cineinnuti, Ohio

The Assembly was called to order by Chairman Robert J. Glaser at 9:23 A M By consentof the Assembly, a quorum was declaredpresent. The Agenda as presented was accepted.

Annual Report

The Annual Report of the Association, whichincluded reports of the three AAMC CounCils,officers, staff, and committees and the reportof the Federal Health Programs Committeewere presented.

ACfION: On motion, seconded and carned,these reports, which appear elsewhere in theseproceedmgs, were accepted.

A detailed account of the AssociatiOn'sfinancial status appeared in the reports of theTreasurer and that of the Director of BusinessAffairs.

ACfION: On motIon, seconded and carned,the Assembly approved the followmg resolution: That the report of Ernst & Ernst,Association audItors, for the fiscal year endedJune 3D, 1969 be accepted and that expenditures reflected therein which arc in excess ofpreVIOusly authorized budgets be approved.

Revision of Bylaws

The Council of Teachmg Hospitals andthe AAMC Executive CounCIl recommended

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

amendment of Section 6, Teaching HospitalMembers, of the Association Bylaws.

ACflON: On motion, seconded and carried,the Assembly amends Section 6, TeachingHospital Members, of the Association Bylawsto read as follows:

Teaching HospItal Members shall consist of(a) teaching hospitals which have approvedmternshlp programs and full, approved resIdenCies m at least 4 recogmzed specialties inc1udmg 2 of the following: Medicine, Surgery,Obstetrics-Gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry,and are elected by the CounCil of TeachingHospitals and (b) those hospitals nominatedby an Institutional Member or ProvisionalInstitutional Member, from among the majorTeachmg Hospitals affilIated with the Members and elected by the Council of TeachingHospitals

Teaching Hospital Members shall be organizatIOns operated exclusively for educational, scientific, or charitable purposes.

The voting rights of the Teaching HospitalMembers shall be as follows: The Council ofTeachmg Hospitals shall designate 10 percentof its members, up to a maximum of 35, eachof which shall have I vote in the Assembly.

Policy on National Health Insurance

The Executive Council unanimously recommended that the Assembly approve in principlethe concept of a universal health insurance. Ifadopted, an ad hoc committee would be appointed to develop a more detailed positionstatement.

ACfION' On motion, seconded and carried,the Assembly approved in principle a universalhealth insurance for all citizens as a properand necessary step in havmg the best possiblehealth care for the people, which is the principal objective of this Association.

Election of ~[em.bers

The Assembly considered first the election ofProvisional InstitutiOnal and InstitutionalMembers.

ACfION: On motion, seconded and carried,the Assembly approved: (a) reelection toProVisional Membership of the University ofArizona College of Medicine; University ofCahforma, DaVIS School of Medicine; University of California, San Diego School ofMedicme; University of Connecticut School ofMedicine; University of Massachusetts Medical School; Mount Sinai School of Medicine of

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the City University of New York; Pennsylvania State Umversity College of MedlcineThe Milton S. Hershey Medical Center;and Umversity of Texas Medical School atSan Antonio; (b) electIon to ProvisionalInstitutIonal Membership of the LouisianaState University School of Medicine InShreveport and the Medic?l College of OhIOat Toledo; and (c) election to full InstitutionalMembership of Brown University Divisionof Biological and MedIcal ScIences; UniverSItyof HawaIi School of MediCIne; and MichiganState Umversity College of Human Medicine.ACTION; On motion, seconded and carried,the Assembly elected the following to EmeritusMembership; Dr. Jean Alonzo Curran, Emeritus Director of the Bingham Associates Fundand ex-dean of the State University of NewYork-Downstate Medical Center; Dr. JohnE. Deitrick, Emeritus Dean of the CornellUniversity Medical College; Dr. E. HaroldHinmann, Emeritus Professor of PreventiveMedicine and Public Health of ThomasJefferson University; and Dr. John G. Hood,Emeritus Director ofthe Veterans Administration Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia.

ACTION; On motion, seconded and carried,the Assembly approved for Individual Membership a total of 310 applicants as listed onpages 26-35 in the Agenda.

Resolutions

Resolutions submitted in writing (instructionsand deadlines had been announced) for consideration by the Assembly were turned overto an ad hoc committee appointed by Dr.Glaser for study and recommendations. Thecommittee, chaired by Dr. Emanuel Suter,Included Charles B. Womer, Dr. William B.Weil, and Dr. Sherman M. Mellinkoff.

The first resolution considered was that on avoluntary national health service.

ACTION: On motion, seconded and carried(not unanimously), the membership of theAssembly requests that the AAMC studymechanisms for establishing a broadly orientedvoluntary national health service, perhapsthrough the Public Health Service, for theprovision of health care wherever it is mostneeded in the United States and its trust territories. This service should be avaJiable tograduates of health professional schools inlieu of military service.

The next resolution to come before theAssembly concerned the AAMC and the warIn Vietnam. Dr. Isaac Taylor raised the ques-

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tion of the appropriateness of the Assembly'staking action on an Issue outside theIr area ofexpertise. A motion was made to table theresolution, but It was not carried.

ACTION; On motIon, seconded and camed(not unammously), the Assembly expressesthat a sense of urgency to end the war in VIetnam I~ felt by members attending the 80thAnnual Meeting of the AAMC. The indiscnminate destruction, sufferIng, and loss ofHfecaused by war are contrary to the stated idealsof the medIcal profeSSIOn. Therefore, theAAMC, concerned with the health of oursociety and the preservation of our system ofgovernment, conveys this sense of increasingurgency to the President of the United Statesin the hopes that the pace of his actions towithdraw our troops from Vietnam willmirror this urgency, and that priorities canbe reordered to deal more efficiently with thepressing social and health needs of oursociety.

Finally, a resolution dealing with the AAMCand student participation was presented.

ACTION; On motion, seconded and carried,the Assembly expresses that whereas healthprofessions students participate most effectively in the affairs of their own institutions,and whereas there are issues of health careand medIcal education confrontmg healthstudents on a national level, and whereas theAAMC encourages and solicits student contributIons towards the resolution of theseissues, the Assembly requests the AAMC toexplore and develop mechanisms for suchstudent participation in the affaIrs of theAAMC

Report of the NOlllinating COllllllittee

The Nominating Committee presented its report. There were no nominations from thefloor, and the slate presented was unanimouslyaccepted. The Officers and Executive CouncilMembers for 1969-70 appear at the conclusionof the Proceedings.

Installation of Chairlllan

Dr. Glaser turned the gavel of office over to thenew Chairman, Dr. Robert B. Howard. Dr.Howard thanked the Assembly for the honorconferred upon him and expressed the Assembly's thanks to Dr. Glaser for his fine work.

The Assembly was adjourned at 12:07 P M

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The Eightieth Annual Meeting

The second plenary session was called to orderat 9:10 A.M., November 1, 1969, by Dr.Robert B. Howard, Chairman-Elect of theExecutive Council and Assembly of theAAMC and Dean of the University of Minnesota Medical School. "Selected Viewpoints"were presented in this session.

Executive Vice-President, University of Washington, and Dr. Alfred Gellhorn, Dean andDirector of the Medical Center, University ofPennsylvania School of Medicine.

Speakers

The first speaker, Dr. Hubert L. Hemsley,Founder-Director of the Bethune MedicalGroup of Compton, California, reported on"Changing Public Expectations and Attitudes." Mr. Bailey Turner, Director of theUnited Black Community Organizations ofCincinnati, expressed "An Opinion from aNeighborhood." Next, Dr. Count D. Gibson,Jr., Professor and Chairman, Department ofCommunity and Preventive Medicine, andAssociate Dean for Community Health Programs, Stanford University Medical Center,outlined "What the Established Urban Medical Center Can and Should Do."

"Other Viewpoints of the Medical Centers'PotentialIties" were expounded by the following medical students representing four studentorganizations: Steve McCoy, Fourth-YearStudent, Baylor University College of Medicine and National Vice President of theStudent American Medical Association; DavidWren, Third-Year Student, University ofCalifornia Medical Center, San Francisco,and member, Student National MedicalAssociation; Phyllis Cullen, Second-Year Stu·

The first session was caIled to order on October 31, 1969 at 9:00 A.M. by Dr. Robert J.Glaser, Chairman of the Executive Counciland Assembly of the AAMC and Vice President for Medical Affairs and Dean of theSchool of Medicine at Stanford University.The theme for this Annual Meeting was"The Health Care Dilemma-New Directionsfor Medical Education." This session addressed "Dimensions of the Problem."

Speakers

The first speaker, Alan Pifer, President of theCarnegie Corporation of New York, described"A New Climate" Next, Edgar F. Kaiser,Chairman of the Board of Kaiser Industries,related "One Industry's Involvement in HealthCare." Walter P. Reuther, President of theUnited Auto Workers, presented "The HealthCare Dilemma-New Directions." Dr. JohnT. Dunlop, Professor of Economics at Harvard University, spoke on "Some Facets ofthe Economics of Health Care Delivery."The Honorable Joseph L. Alioto, Mayor ofthe City of San Francisco, explored the question, "How High a Priority is Health Care?"

Netherland I-Iilton Hotel and Cincinnati Convention Center, Cincinnati, Ohio,October 31-:\oYClllber 2,1969

Plenary Sessions*

Chainnan's Address

As first Chairman of the Association, Dr.Glaser chose the topic, "The Medical Deanship: Its Half-Life and Hard Times."

Open FOrllln Discussions

On the evenmg of October 31, two concurrentopen forum discussions were held. Chairingthese diScussions were Dr. John R. Hogness,

*AIl formal papers presented at the PlenarySessions will be published 10 the Journal of Medical EducallOlI.

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dent, University of Colorado Medical School,and National Chairman, Student HealthOrganizations; and Barry Rand, Third-YearStudent, Yale University School of Medicine,Yale University Community Crisis Committee.

Following the students' presentations, Dr.Paul J. Sanazaro, Director of the NationalCenter for Health Services Research andDevelopment of the Department of Health,Education, and Welfare, described "HealthServices Research in the Medical School,Health Science Center, and University."

Alan Gregg Lecture

Concluding the morning session, Dr. Kingman Brewster, Jr., President, Yale University,gave the Twelfth Alan Gregg Lecture. Histopic was "The University and the Community."

Annual Banquet

The Annual Banquet was held on November1 at 7 :30 P.M., after which the evening sessionwas called to order by Dr. Robert J. Glaser,Chairman of the Executive Council andAssembly of the AAMC. After the introduction of the guests seated at the head table, theannual awards were presented.

Flexner Award

Mr. John M. Russell, immediate Past President of the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, was chosen to be the recipient of theTwelfth Annual Abraham Flexner Award forDistinguished Service to Medical Education.The presentation was made by the Chairmanof the Flexner Award Committee, Dr. RobertH. Ebert, Dean of the Harvard MedicalSchool. The award was accepted by DrWilliam G. Anlyan, Chairman of the Councilof Deans of the AAMC and Vice Presidentfor Health Affairs of Duke University, onbehalf of Mr. Russell, who was unable toattend the ceremony. As a foundation administrator, Mr. Russell early recognized theneeds of American medical education andselected it as a major area of support by theMarkIe Foundation. He was especially cited

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for his establishment of the well-knownMarkle Scholar Program.

Borden Award

Presentation of the Twenty-Third AnnualBorden Award in the Medical Sciences wasmade by the Chairman of the Borden AwardCommittee, Dr. Alfred Gellhorn, Dean ofthe University of Pennsylvania School ofMedicine. The recipient was Dr. AbrahamWhite, Associate Dean and Professor andChairman of the Department of Biochemistryof the Albert Einstein College of Medicine.Dr. White, a creative and productive scientific investigator, medical educator, and textbook author, was given the award in recognition of his scientific contributions in the fieldof biochemistry, and particularly for hisrecent studies on the thymus gland.

The third plenary session was called to orderat 9:05 A.M., November 2, 1969, by Dr.William G. Anlyan, Chairman of the AAMCCouncil of Deans and Vice President forHealth Affairs of Duke University. The themeof this session was entitled "Some EducationalSolutions."

Speakers

The Honorable Roger O. Egeberg, AssistantSecretary for Health and Scientific Affairs,Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the first speaker, related "The FederalGovernment's View of the Issues." Next, Dr.Robert H. Ebert, Dean of the Harvard Medical School, reported on "The Impact on Medical Schools of New Methods for FinancingMedical Care." Dr. Andreas Querido, Academisch Ziekenhuis Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, theNetherlands, shared "Experiences with NewDirections in Medical Education in Holland."Dr. Philip C. Anderson, Assistant Dean andAssociate Professor of Dermatology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, outlined"Limits on Innovation in Medical Curriculum." Dr. E. Harvey Estes, Jr., Professor andChairman, Department of Community HealthSciences of Duke University School of Medicine, explored "Potentials for Newer Classes

:Meeting of the Business Officers Section

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of Personnel." Dr. James A. Hecker, Instructor, Department of Pediatrics, University ofColorado School of Medicme, described"The Pediatric Nurse Practitioner and theChild Health Associate."

Presidential Address

Concluding the morning session, Dr. John

The Second Annual Meeting of the BusinessOfficers Section (BOS), held October 29 and30, 1969, was attended by approximately 150representatIves of American and Canadianmedical schools. In addition to the annualbusiness meeting of the BOS, a variety ofinteresting and informative activities werescheduled during the two-day session. Amongthe highlights of the BOS program was thepanel discussion, "A Progress Report on theCost Allocation Project." This panel discussion, which included Ernest M. Allen, Officeof the Secretary, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare; Donald C. Lelong,Director, Office of Institutional Research,University of Michigan; John C. Bartlett,Assistant to the Vice President for MedicalAffairs, University of Iowa; and Thomas J.Campbell, Assistant Director, AAMC Division of Operational Studies, reported on theprogress of the Cost Allocation Project, someof the in-depth studies that are underway ofcontemplated, and the plans for future coststudies.

Second A. J. Carroll MemorialLecture

Dr. John A. D. Cooper, President of theAAMC, introduced Dr. Ward Darley, theguest lecturer for the Second A. J. CarrollMemorial Lecture, at the October 30 morning session. This lecture was established bythe business officers of the nation's medicalschools as a memorial to their late friend andcolleague. Dr. Darley's topic for the lecturewas "Comparison of Principal Sources ofMedical School Expenditures: 1959-1960 and1965-1966." The overflow attendance at the

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

A. D. Cooper, AAMC President, delineated"New Directions for the AAMC."

Open Forum Discussion

A final open forum discussion was convenedon the evening of November 2. Serving asChairman was Dr. WIlliam F. Maloney,Dean, Tufts University School of Medicine.

Carroll Memorial Lecture was attributed tothe popularity and reputation of Dr. Darley.

Panel Discussions on WorkshopSubjects

The afternoon sessions on October 30 weredevoted to panel discussions on the four subjects selected for future workshops: WorkshopI-Relations Within the Medical Center andthe Role of the Business Officer; Workshop2-Relations With the Federal Government;Workshop 3-Fiscal and Administrative Relations With the Parent University; andWorkshop 4-Medical Service Plans. Eachparticipant had the opportunity of selectingand participating in two of the four paneldiscussions.

Regional Meetings

The four BOS regions met on October 30.Regional coordinators elected for the comingyear are: Dr. Clifton K. Himmelsbach,Georgetown University, Northeast; James P.McLean, University of Florida, South; J.Howard Feldmann, University of Kansas,Midwest; and Glen Snodgrass, University ofCalifornia, Davis, Western.

Officers

BOS officers elected for the coming year are:Hugh H. Hilliard, Emory University, Chairman; George M. Norwood, Jr., ThomasJefferson University, Chairman-Elect; DanielP. Benford, Indiana University, Secretary;and C. N. Stover, Jr., University of Utah,Treasurer.

JIeeting on Conlputer Usage in :l\'Iedical School

Meeting of the Council of Academic Societies

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One hundred and thirty-five persons attendedthe panel discussion on "Computer Usage InMedical School," held on the afternoon ofOctober 31, 1969. Joseph A. Diana, Jr.,Chairman, AAMC Business Officers' Section,and Secretary to the Faculty, University ofMichigan Medical School, was moderator.

Barry Beckerman, Staff Officer, Dean'sOffice, University of California, Los AngelesSchool of Medicine, presented an overview ofthe system now in use in that medical school.Computer assistance in management concernsadmissions, student records and curriculummanagement, personnel and payroll records,faculty, space utilization system, grants management, house staff management, and budgetand accounting.

Discussion was led by David A. Sinclair,VIce-President for Administration, State University of New York-Upstate Medical Center,College of Medicine; Dr. Robert D. Coye,

Plenary Sessions

The theme of the November 1, 1969 meetingof the Council of Academic Societies was"Which Basic Science Departments in theMedical School?"

Dr. Jonathan E. Rhoads, Professor andChairman, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, presided over a meeting marked by an attendanceof approximately 300. Dr. Archie S. Duncan,Executive Dean and Professor of MedicalEducation, University of Edinburgh MedicalSchool, spoke on "Varying Patterns In theUnited Kingdom." He emphasized that, withthe exception of the situation in London,basic science departments are a vital linkbetween university and medical school. In hisopinion, it would be to the disadvantage ofboth to change the usual pattern. In thetwelve hospital schools associated with theUniversity of London, the basic science umtsare identified only with the medical school.

Dr. John W. Corcoran, Professor and

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Dean for Student Affairs, University of WISconsin Medical School; Robert F. Sharp,Chief, Management Systems, University ofCalifornia, San Francisco Medical Center,School of Medicine; and Dr. Richard Wilson,Director, Health PlannIng Unit, UniverSItyof Toronto. Various aspects of computerusage from analysis and reportIng of examInation grades to the development of long-rangeplans were opened for discussion.

There was general consensus of the needfor more information exchange between institutions, particularly in the interface betweenuser and the developer of software programs

The meeting was coordinated by Dr.Robert L. Thompson, Associate in Community Health Sciences, Duke UniversitySchool of Medicine, and Dr. Walter G. Rice,Director, AAMC Division of OperationalStudies.

Chairman, Department of Biochemistry,Northwestern University Medical School,discussed "Basic Science: The Skeleton ofMedical Education." His presentation emphasized that not only the knowledge but theattitudes of basic science were vitally necessaryto sound medical education. He concludedthat it would be most unfortunate for biochemistry to weaken its identification with themedical school.

Dr. William B. Weil, Jr., Professor andChairman, Department of Human Development, Michigan State University College ofHuman Medicine, addressed "The Dilemmaof Medical Curriculum Innovation for theUniversIty Science Departments." He compared the relative advantages and disadvantages of universitywide departments WIththose that are medical school based. He sUldthat the advantages of one system are the dISadvantages of the other. Both have realstrengths and are readily assimilable in thecurrent patterns of medical education.

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Dr. Eugene Braunwald, Professor andChairman, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego School ofMedicine, spoke on "The Clinical Department as a Scientific Critical Mass." In hispaper, the curriculum at San Diego with theabsorption of pharmacology and physiologyby medicine and of anatomy and microbiologyby surgery and pathology, as well as theaddition of the strengths of many other university departments to the medical school,were set forth.

Dr. Hans Popper, Dean for AcademicAffairs and Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology, Mount Sinai School ofMedicine, supported "The Hospital as aDesirable Base for Medical Education." Dr.Popper's paper concluded that the universityis the proper base for medical education. Theexperience at Mount Sinai has been satisfactory only because of particular conditionsthere. Only an unusual hospital can serve asthe primary base for medical education.

Dr. Stuart Bondurant, Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, Albany Medical College, discussed "The University Medical School-Fact or Illusion?" His paperconcluded strongly that the university was theonly satisfactory base for medical education.

Robert Cerza, fourth-year student, Northwestern University School of Medicine,reported on "The Student's Demand forRelevance."

Dr. Daniel C. Tosteson, Professor andChairman, Department of Physiology andPharmacology, Duke University School ofMedicine, reemphasized "The Relevance ofBasic Science to Medicine."

On Sunday afternoon, the theme of theprogram was centered around a discussion of"The Full-Time System Revisited."

Dr. Harry A. Feldman, Professor andChairman, Department of Preventive Medicine, SUNY-Upstate Medical Center, chaireda meeting attended by approximately 250.

Dr. Richard H. Egdahl, Associate Deanfor Hospital Relations and Professor andChairman, Department of Surgery, BostonUniversity School of Medicine, discussed the

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

"Advantages of a Geographic Full-TimeSystem" without rigid controls.

Dr. Richard V. Ebert, Professor and Chairman, Department of Medicine, University ofMinnesota Medical School, described the"Advantages and Disadvantages of a MixedSystem." He stated that the advantages inherent in the flexibility of a mixed system, such asthat at Minnesota, are offset by its inherentinstability and some of the tensions involved.

Dr. Gene H. Stollerman, Professor andChairman, Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee College of Medicine, spokeon "A Changing Role for the City Hospital."He emphasized the provision of emergencyand special care in a group practice typearrangement.

Dr. Walter F. Ballinger, Professor andChairman, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis,discussed his school's experience with multiplereviews of its strict full-time system in a presentation entitled "Reasons for Changing aSystem." In effect for almost fifty years, thesystem was reviewed two years ago. Theconclusion of the faculty was overwhelminglythat there should be a nucleus of full-time,full-salaried physicians in all departments.The successful administration of this systemdemands flexibility in its application.

The meeting ended with a panel discussionand questions from the floor.

Annual Business Meeting

The meeting was called to order by Dr.Jonathan E. Rhoads at 3:30 P.M. on November 2,1969.

Dr. Rhoads read the report of the Executive Committee, and Dr. Harry A. Feldmanpresented the report of the Secretary-Treasurer.

TRAINING OF PHYSICIANS' ASSISTANTS

Dr. Eugene A. Stead spoke on the desirability of setting standards for schools producing physicians' assistants and requestedthat the CAS take an active role in these educational programs. He pointed out the needfor some standard curriculum and accreditation or review procedures. It was recom-

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mended that a task force be appointed tostudy these programs and bring recommendations on what should be done to the nextCAS meeting in February, 1970. A motionembodying this recommendation was made,seconded, and passed.

FEDERAL SUPPORT FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH

Dr. Daniel C. Tosteson described the roleof the Council of Academic Societies in seeking federal support for biomedical research.He gave an account of the testimony deliveredbefore appropriate committees of the Congressand described correspondence suggesting theappearance of many interested biomedicalresearch workers in Washington seeking continued support of this important nationalactivity. This matter had been resolved withthe suggestion that such efforts might bebetter focused through the professional organizations of men involved in biomedicalresearch as well as through the Associationof American Medical Colleges.

A recommendation was made requestingthat the AAMC staff elaborate informationon the effects of decreased federal support forbIomedical research and education on fulltIme faculty staffing. This request received thesupport of the members present.

FACULTY SALARY STUDY

The rapid increase in salaries in the medIcalschools and the relation of this inflationarytrend to federal funding was also discussed.The recommendation of the Council of Deansthat the federally derived portion of the salaryof faculty members be based on a percentage ofeffort and a nationally determined median salary level for strict full-time faculty in medicalschools was reviewed. The Council of Teaching Hospitals had suggested that this matterbe reviewed by representatives of the threeCouncils. The Council of Deans has alreadyagreed to such a course. It was the recommendation of the Executive Committee of theCAS that "policy concerning the federal portion of faculty salaries be reviewed by aConference Committee made up of two orthree representatives of each of the Councils.The final recommendations of this Committee

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are to be sent back to the Councils beforethey are passed upon by the Assembly." Amotion embodying this recommendation was.made, seconded, and passed.

GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION

Dr. Thomas D. Kinney reported that theStanding Committee on Graduate MedicalEducation had met three times and haddrafted a paper describing the corporatestructure of graduate medical education andsome of the implications of it for the university. The committee recommended that thispaper be reviewed before being circulated inlight of the experience with institutionwidesurveys now scheduled for four academicmedical centers. This review will be embodiedin a subsequent report of the committee to bemade to the CAS in February, 1970. Thisrecommendation was accepted.

MUffiERSHIP

The Executive Committee reported that ithad reviewed applications from ten societiesand recommended the following seven formembership: American GastroenterologicalAssociation; American Association for Thoracic Surgery; Association of University Professors of Neurology; Association of Academic Physiatrists; ASSOCIation of AnatomyChairmen; Association for Medical SchoolPharmacology; and Society of AcademicAnesthesia Chairmen, Inc. A written ballotwas distributed, and five of the above societieswere elected by large majorities and two byonly small majorities.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE

COMMITTEE MEMBERS

The report of the Nominating Committeewas submitted to the membership in the formof a written ballot to fill the expired terms.

Officers.-Elected as officers for the comingyear were: Dr. Daniel C. Tosteson, Duke,Chairman; Dr. James V. Warren, Ohio State,Chairman-Elect; Dr. Harry A. Feldman,SUNY-Syracuse, Secretary; and Dr. Jonathan E. Rhoads, Pennsylvania, AAMC Executive Council Representatil'e (1972). Dr. ThomasD. Kinney, Duke, is presently serving an

J\'lccting of thc Council of Teaching Hospitals

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unexpired term as AAMC Executil'e CouncilRepresentative.

Executive Committee Members.-In addition to the officers listed above, memberselected to the Executive Committee were:Dr. Sam L. Clark, Jr., Massachusetts; Dr.Patrick J. Fitzgerald, SUNY-Brooklyn; andDr. William B. Wed, Michigan State.

The Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH)program activity at the 80th Annual Meetingof the Association marked the twelfth annualmeeting at which teaching hospitals had metwith the AAMC. It was the fourth meeting ofCOTH with the Association.

Meeting of the Executive COllllllittee

The COTH activities began with a meeting ofthe Executive Committee at 2:00 P.M. onOctober 30. This session, the last of the administrative year, was chaired by Roy S.Rambeck. Items of business covered includeddiscussion of the current problems that areongoing with regard to Medicare payments toattending physicians in a teaching setting.

Reception and Luncheon

COTH officially welcomed all AAMC members at a reception held on Thursday evening,October 30. A COTH luncheon was held onFriday, October 31, for informal discussionprior to the commencement of the educationalportion of the COTH program. ChairmanRambeck welcomed those present.

COTH Plenary Session

Papers were delivered by Edward J. Connors,Director, University Hospital, University ofMichigan; Dr. Kenneth E. Penrod, ViceChancellor for Medical and Health Sciences,State University of Florida; and Matthew F.McNulty, Jr.. Vice President for MedicalAffairs, Georgetown University, written injoint authorship with Dr. Cecil G. Sheps,Director, Health Service Research Center,University of North Carolina. Mr. Connors,

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

ornER BUSINESS

A request was made that the Council ofAcademic Societies go on record as showinga grave concern with the current status ofstudent financing and that the CAS take everystep to ensure an adequate supply of loan andscholarship funds. A motion was made, seconded, and passed.

The meeting was then adjourned.

who served as a consultant to DHEW HealthServices and Mental Health Administrationfor the past year, discussed the developmentof federal health policy, particularly thatinvolving the delivery of health care. Dr.Penrod spoke on the issue of the teachinghospital in the academic medical center, referring to some centers and "mediversities"which rank among the more complex structures of our society. The McNulty-Shepspaper described the role of the teaching hospital in community service. It referred tosome of the findings of the Teaching HospitalInformation Center Community Survey whichhad revealed that seventy-eight out of a totalof eighty-five teaching hospitals which hadresponded to date have implemented suchprograms in their institutions during the pastthree years. The ensuing simultaneous discussion groups on Saturday afternoon provided a forum for resolving thoughtful reosponses to the questions the papers had raised.

Concurrent Discussion Sessions

COTH discussion sessions were held on Saturday afternoon, November 1. These discussion sessions consisted of 3 groups, each ofwhich examined a particular theme relating tosubject matter presented at the previousCOTH plenary session. The three sessionsmet concurrently from 2:00 P.M. to 4:00P.M. Attendance at the three groups totaled300 persons.

Each discussion session was chaired by ahospital administrator. The topics consideredand the panel members follow: Group 1The Role of the Teaching Hospital in Community Service, Dr. Cecil G. Sheps, Chair-

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man; Matthew F. McNulty, Jr., Speaker;and Dr. Frederick C. Robbins and HenryDunlap, Resource Panel. Group 2-TheTeaching Hospital in the Academic MedicalCenter, Ray E. Brown, Chairman; Dr. Kenneth E. Penrod, Speaker; and Dr. E. HughLuckey and David L. Odell, Resource Panel.Group 3-The Development of FederalHealth Policy: An Outsider's View, Dr.Leonard W. Cronkhite, Jr., Chairman; andDr. Stuart M. Sessoms, Howard N. Newman,and Dr. Clifton K. Himmelsbach, ResourcePanel.

COTH Annual InstitutionalMembership Meeting

The fourth corn Annual Institutional Membership Meeting was called to order by Chairman Rambeck on Sunday, November 2 at2:00 P.M. As first order of business, theChairman asked for approval of the report ofthe third annual meeting as published in theProceedings of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges for 1968. The motion wasmade, duly seconded, and passed.

Heport of the NominatingCommittee

Mr. Lad F. Grapski, Chairman, presented thereport of the Nominating Committee: Chairman-Elect, Irvin G. Wilmot, Secretary, JohnM. Danielson, COTH Representatives to theAAMC Executil'e Council (with Dr. Hamiltoncontinuing as a Representative), three-yearterm, Dr. Russell A. Nelson, and one-yearterm, Roy S. Rambeck.

Nominees to the COTH Executive Committee for three-year terms were George E.Cartmill, Edward J. Connors, and Joe S.Greathouse; for two-year term, Dr. CharlesE. Burbridge; and for one-year term, SidneyLewine.

COTH Representatives to the AAMCAssembly for three-year terms were Dr.Charles E. Burbridge, Dr. Martin Cherkasky,Edward J. Connors, Reid T. Holmes, LloydL Hughes, Dr. Arthur J. Klippen, Dr. Baldwin G. Lamson, Charles W. Nordwall, JohnM. Stagl, William J. Silverman, Richard DVanderwarker, and John H. Westerman; for

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one-year term (to fill vacancy of Charles R.Goulet), Dr. David B. Wilson, for one-yearterm (to elect the 35th COTH Representativeto the Assembly), Edward H. Noroian; andfor one-year term (to fill vacancy of Dr.Jack Masur elected with term to expire in1970), John J. L'lverty.

Chairman Rambeck asked for nominationsfrom the floor. There was none, and he requested the pleasure of the membershIp. Amotion was made, seconded, and carriedwithout dissent that the report of the Nominating Committee be adopted and the slatepresented elected.

Report of the Chairman and Staff

COTH Chairman Roy S. Rambeck reportedon COTH activities for the past year andpredicted the role of the Council of TeachingHospitals in national health affairs will be enlarged greatly during the next few years. Dr.Fletcher H. Bingham, COTH Associate Director, summarized COTH staff activities lorthe year and expressed gratitude to the Officers,Executive Committee, and membership, forthe immense source of strength they have provided. Dr. Richard M Knapp, COTH Assistant Director-Health Services, reported onthe progress of the two DHEW contracts,COTHIC and COTHMED. Dr. T. StewartHamilton, COTH Chairman-Elect and Chairman of the Ad Hoc Committee on membership, described the proposed revision in theAAMC Bylaws regarding teaching ho~pital

members which could increase COTH membership and was adopted by the Assembly onNovember 3,1969. This revised AAMC Bylawappears elsewhere in these Proceedmgs:

Section 6-Teaching Hospital MembersTeaching Hospital Members shall consist of

(a) teaching hospitals which have approvedinternship programs and full, approved resIdencies in at least 4 recognized specialtiesincluding 2 of the following: Medlcme, Surgery, Obstetrics-Gynecology, Pediatrics, Psychiatry, and are elected by the CouncIl ofTeaching Hospitals and (b) those hospitalsnominated by an Institutional Member orProvIsional Institutional Member, fromamong the major teaching hospitals affiliatedwith the Members and elected by the CounCilof Teaching Hospitals.

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Teaching Hospital members shall be organizations operated exclusively for educational, scientific, or charitable purposes.

The voting rights of the Teaching HospItalMembers shall be as follows: The Council ofTeaching Hospitals shall designate 10 percentof ItS members, up to a maximum of 35, eachof which shall have 1 vote in the Assembly.

COTH Director John M. Danielson pre-sented a summary of the activity with theSocial Security Administration in resolvingproblems that have arisen regarding Part Bpayments to Attending Physicians in a Teaching Setting. Mr. Danielson also reviewed thecontinued reorganization of the AAMC inthe establishment of various committees,such as the liaison Committees with the American Hospital Association and with the BlueCross Association.

Chairman of the Nominating Committee,Lad F. Grapski, presented the report on behalf of the members of the committee, and themembership approved the slate. The election

The Eighth Annual Conference on ContinuingMedical Education was convened on October30, 1969 at 2:00 P.M. The theme of the conference was "Determination of EducationalNeeds."

Opening the session was Dr Frank M.Woolsey, Jr., Chairman, Committee on Continuing Education, who presented the AAMCresponse to the Resolution and Recommendations of the Committee. This response, and theResolution and Recommendations of theCommittee, appear elsewhere in these Proceedings.

Dr. Jesse D. Rising, Assistant Dean, Professor and Chairman, Department of Postgraduate Medical Education, University ofKansas School of Medicine, chaired the firstprogram topic, "Basic Considerations." Appearing first was Dr. William D. Mayer, Dean,University of Missouri School of Medicine,whose topic was "The Health ProfessionsCrisis of the 70's." Next, Dr. Charles W.Dohner, Director, Office of Research inMedical Education, University of Washington

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

of fifteen representatives to the AAMC Assembly brings the total representation thisyear to the maximum allowed of thirty-fivemembers.

corn Chairman Roy S. Rambeck thenintroduced the new COTH Officers, Executive Committee, and Assembly representativesand turned the gavel over to the incomingChairman, Dr. T. Stewart Hamilton. Dr.Hamilton presented the COTH award in theform of a three-legged milking stool which hasbeen symbolic of the tripartite functions ofpatient care, medical education, and research,to Roy S. Rambeck in recognition of his distinguished leadership as COTH Chairman forthe administrative year 1968-1969. A silverbowl, inscribed with an expression of appreciation for dedication and service as the firstDirector of the Council of Teaching Hospitalsand Associate Director of the Association ofAmerican Medical Colleges, was presented toMatthew F. McNulty, Jr.

School of Medicine, Discussed "The Necessityof Determining Needs." Dr. Patrick B. Storey,Professor and Chairman, Department of Community Medicine, Hahnemann Medical College, reported on the "Problems in the Identification of Needs."

Dr. Donald H. Williams, Director, Divisionof Continuing Education in Health Sciences,University of British Columbia, served asmoderator of the session on "Testing Procedures." Dr. Charles F. Schumacher, Associate Director, National Board of MedicalExaminers, reviewed "Examinations for Postgraduate Physicians-What Can They Measure?" Dr. Stuart W. Cooper, Assistant Professor of Postgraduate Medicine, AlbanyMedical College, described ''Testing a Consulting Panel of General Practitioners andInternists."

Moderator of the session entitled "OpinionSurveys" was Dr. W. Albert Sullivan, Jr.,Assistant Dean, University of MinnesotaMedical School. Dr. Floyd C. Mann, Director,Center for Research on Utilization of Scien-

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tific Knowledge, University of Michigan,analyzed "Survey Research as a Method forAssessing Physicians' Continuing EducationNeeds." Dr. Alfred M. Popma, Regional Director, Mountain States Regional MedicalProgram, summarized a "Survey of HealthCare Personnel."

The session, entitled "Health Care Analysis," was moderated by Dr. C. Wesley Eisele,Associate Dean for Postgraduate MedicalEducation, University or Colorado School ofMedicine. Dr. John W. Williamson, AssociateProfessor, Department of Medical Care andHospitals, Johns Hopkins University Schoolof Hygiene and Public Health, spoke on "Determining Continuing Medical EducationNeed by Patient Care Research." Dr. HaroldD. Cross, General Practitioner, Hampden,Maine, outlined "A Method to DetermineNeeds Through the Use of the ProblemOriented Record." Dr. Clement R. Brown,Jr., Director of Medical Education, ChestnutHill Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, examined the "Relationship of Patient Care to

The session on developing medical schools occurred on the afternoon of November 2, 1969under the chairmanship of Dr. Andrew D.Hunt, Dean of the College of Human MedIcine at Michigan State University. The generaltheme of the meeting was the ''Degrees ofFreedom Open to New and Developing Medical Schools." Dr. Clifford Grobstein, Dean ofthe School of Medicine of the University ofCalifornia at San Diego, spoke of administrative options open to new medical schools onuniversity campuses, with Dr. Glidden L.Brooks, President of the Medical College ofOhio at Toledo, reacting. The second paper, byDr. Donald Weston, Associate Professor ofPsychiatry at Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, described, on thebasis of recent past experience, some of theinterpersonal and political issues which are anIOtegral part of effective and intensive medicalschool involvement in a community. The reactor was Dr. Carter L. Marshall, Associate

327

Continuing Education." Dr. Richard P.Laney, Internist, Skowhegan, Maine, gave "ARetrospective Review of Health Care in FourCommunity Hospitals." Dr. Fred MacD.Richardson, Director, Bureau of MedicalReview, New York State Department ofHealth, addressed the subject, "Peer Reviewof Medical Care."

Consultation Conferences

Following the formal presentations, the conference adjourned for three informal consultation panels. Group discussion on "TestingProcedures" was guided by Drs. Donald H.Williams, Stuart W. Cooper, and Charles F.Schumacher. Group discussion on "OpinionSurveys" was guided by Drs. W. Albert Sullivan, Jr., Floyd C. Mann, and Alfred M.Popma. Group discussion on "Health CareAnalysis" was guided by Drs. C. WesleyEisele, Clement R. Brown, Jr., Harold D.Cross. Richard P. Laney, John W. Williamson,and Fred MacD. Richardson.

Professor of Community Medicine at theMount Sinai School of Medicine. Dr. EdwinF. Rosinski, Executive Vice-Chancellor of theSan Francisco Medical Center of the University of California, next spoke on the experiences and difficulties often encountered by newmedical schools in effecting curricular innovation, with Dr. Maurice LeClair, Dean of theFaculty of Medicine of the University ofSherbrooke, providing a strong and vigorousreaction. Finally, Dr. S. Richardson Hill, VicePresident for Health Affairs and Director ofthe Medical Center of the University of Alabama, discussed possibilities for increased collaboration between Veterans Administration(VA) hospitals and medical schools with special implications for new and developing institutions. Dr. Harold M. Engle, Chief MedIcalDirector of the Veterans Administration, responded with specific statements concerningVA policy. There was a considerable amountof discussion by the audience.

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Open Session

The meeting was called to order at 2:00 P.M.on October 31, 1969 by Dr Robert L. Tuttle,Academic Dean, Bowman-Gray School ofMedicine, and National Vice Chairman of theGroup on Student Affairs (GSA) Approximately 600 individuals were in attendance.

RATIONALE OF MINORITY MEDICAL STUDENT

SELECTION

Presenting the background paper on thistopic was Dr. John S. Wellington, AssociateDean for Student Affairs, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine.Dr. Wellington indicated that the goal of allmedical schools should be to correct the imbalance within the medical profession by admitting greater numbers of students from allminority groups. By proceeding toward thatgoal, schools would assist in achieving socialjustIce in health care and improve the culturalenvironment of medical center campuses byinvolving students from varied backgrounds.Dr. Wellington described the history of theprogram at San Francisco to increase therepresentation of minority students and outlined a selection process to admit applicantsfrom minority schools.

The first respondent was Dennis B. Dove, astudent at the University of Cincinnati Collegeof Medicine and Chairman of the SAMACommittee on Minority Admissions. Mr.Dove indicated that immediate action must betaken to solve the current problem of minorityrepresentation and pointed out that medicalschools had demonstrated that they couldwork toward solving this problem. He encouraged schools to continue to increase thecurrent effort, which he described as being duein large part to efforts by medical students. Healso emphasized that medical schools mustcontinue to expand their commitment to anequitable system of health care, not just to theadmission of greater numbers of minoritystudents.

The second respondent was Dr. Dale E.Mattson, Director of the AAMC Division ofEducational Measurement and Research. He

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indicated that the real goal of all medicalschools should be to make health care equallyaccessible to all people, not simply to makethe enrollment of all medical schools a microcosm of society by admitting additional minority group students.

The last respondent was Dr. William R.Sandusky, Chairman of the Committee onAdmissions, University of Virginia School ofMedicine. Dr. Sandusky described a new program at his institution to identify minoritystudents who have the ability to perform inmedical school even though they may not havemet the objective criteria commonly used toselect medical students Virgima will enroll inan eight-week summer session approximatelythirty students who have not been admitted tomedical school. Virginia will help those whosuccessfully complete the session to gain admission to medical school.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF MEDICAL SCHOOL-STUDENT

RELATIONSHIPS

After a brief intermission, Charles E.Westcott, Associate Dean for Administration.Tufts University School of Medicine, presented the findings of a recent "GSA Surveyon Student-School Legal Relationships" Hereported that two-thirds of all U.S. medicalschools have no handbook or legal code, andseventy percent have no published guidelineson student discipline. He indicated that littleseems to be written on types of student activity that might interfere with admissions,education, or graduation and suggested thatcorrective action be taken.

Next on the program was Dr. MortonLevitt, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs,Wayne State University School of Medicine,who spoke on "Medical Education-An Adversary Process?" Dr. Levitt cited recent judicial decisions which emphasized studentrights within schools and pointed out that external judicial courts are beginning to havegreater responsibility for both academic andnonacademic disciplines. He spoke against thattrend, suggesting that the relationship betweenteacher and pupil should not be impaired by

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undue concern over due process. He said thateducators should not allow themselves to bedeprived of their legitimate educational responsibilities due to fear of legal consequences.He cautioned against letting such fears interfere with "good education."

AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLE3E APPLICATION

SERVICE

Presenters of this topic wert Dr. W. W.Morris, Associate Dean for Student Affairs,University of Iowa College of Medicine; Dr.Jack M. Colwill, Associate Dean, Universityof Missouri School of Medicine; Dr. Merrel D.Flair, Assistant Dean for Student Affairs,Northwestern University Medical School; andJohn F. Walters, AMCAS Program Director.They discussed the current status of theAMCAS Pilot Study and Demonstration Project and its potential for medical schools, students, admission committees, and researchendeavors.

Following each of the previous three sections of the program, indicated by the subheadings above, there was considerable discussion from the audience.

OUTGOING GSA CHAIRMAN'S ADDRESS

The final paper of the day was given byDr. Joseph Ceithaml, Dean of Students, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, and outgoing GSA National Chairman,who had served three years in that office. Hepointed out the regional emphasis within theGSA, discussed the GSA committee structure,and described the relationship between theGSA and the AAMC as a whole. He suggestedthat the GSA establish the following goals forthe immediate future: (a) more involvement incommunity health projects; (b) adoption ofAMCAS; (c) continued activity in expandingminority group admissions; (d) continued liaison with college premedical advisors and advisory groups; and (e) increased involvementof students in the AAMC, both at the regionaland national levels.

The Open Session was adjourned by Dr.Tuttle at 5:30 P.M.

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Executive Session

The Executive Session was caIled to order at1:50 P.M. on November 1, 1969 by Dr. JosephCeithaml, GSA National Chairman. Dr.Ceithaml opened the session by calling for amoment of silence in memory of the lateDr. L. W. Earley, who had died during thepast year. A former GSA member from theUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine,Dr. Earley had served as Chairman of the GSACommittee on Medical Student Health.

COMMITfEE REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Communication with student organizations.Dr. John H. Githens, Associate Dean forStudent Affairs, University ofColorado Schoolof Medicine, reported on the year's activitiesof this committee. The Student AmericanMedical Association (SAMA) will again besponsoring their Conference on Medical Education in February, 1970 and will be askingthe AAMC for both moral and financial support. Dr. Githens encouraged the developmentof a fund by the AAMC to permit such jointprojects with students. He also reported thatsome Student Health Organizations (SHO)spokesmen are now calling for a "socialisthealth system in a socialist society."

Financial problems of medical students.Dr. Frank T. Stritter, Assistant Director,AAMC Division of Student Affairs, reportedfor Committee Chairman, Dr. Donald A.Boulton, Dean of Student Affairs, Universityof Illinois Medical Center, who could not bepresent. Dr. Stritter related recent efforts bymember schools of the AAMC to effect anincrease in the 1969-70 Health ProfessionsStudent Loan allocation. He cautioned allmedical schools against awarding Health Profession Scholarships to students whose annualfamily incomes are more than $15,000, becauseof the increasing concern of the Public HealthService about such students receiving thesegrants. Dr. Stritter also pointed out that thecommittee has been working on financial needsanalysis systems for all medical schools awarding financial aid. The College ScholarshipService and American College Testing Program both have systems available and areworking on specialty forms for graduate and

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330 Journal oj Medical Education

professional students. The committee expectsto be able to have both systems ready for useby medical schools as early as February, 1970.

Medical education of minority group students.-Dr. Roy K. Jarecky, Associate Deanfor Admissions and Student Affairs, Universityof Kentucky College of Medicine, reported onthe progress of the $324,000 Office of Economic Opportunity (OED) grant which theAAMC has been administering. He also discussed Minority Student Opportunities inUnited States Medical Schools, 1969-70, recently published by the AAMC. In addition,he described the AAMC-sponsored MedicalMinonty Applicant Registry. (MED-MAR)program which facilitates the application procedure for students from all minority groups.

Medical student health.-Dr. John C.Herweg, Associate Dean, Washington University School of Medicine, reported that thiscommittee is currently cooperating with taskforces planning the American College HealthAssociation Conference in 1970. He also indicated that this committee has proposed nineguidelines relative to the health screening ofapplicants and the health maintenance of students and recommended that these not only beofficially endorsed by the GSA but also thatthey be involved in the future review of medicalschools as part of the accreditation process.

Subsequent to this report, the above recommendatIOns were adopted unanimously by theGSA.

Medical student records.-Dr. Schuyler G.Kohl, Associate Dean, State University ofNew York Downstate Medical Center, reported that the AMCAS Pilot Study was proceeding on schedule. The study is presently inphase three, with phase four expected to beginin July, 1970. Dr. Kohl pointed out that theRecords Committee WIll reserve its final decision on the timetable for phase four until itsFebruary, 1970 meeting but suggested thatpreliminary planning should be done on theassumption that it will proceed on schedule.At that time, it is expected that all U.S. medicalschools will be invited to participate in phasefour. Dr. Kohl also suggested that the schedulefor the "Accepted Applicants Lists," preparedby the AAMC, be revised so that they will be

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distributed on or about March 20, May 1,June 19, and August 1, 1970.

This suggestion was subsequently approvedunanimously by the GSA.

Relations with colleges and secondaryschools.-Dr. Nat E. Smith, Associate Dean,University of Illinois College of Medicine, reported that this committee has continued toprovide editorial advice regarding The Advisor,Medical School Admission Requirements, andthe Directory of Premedical Advisors. He calledattention to the admissions traffic rules andasked that medical schools offering admissionto any applicant after August 1 who had beenpreviously accepted by another school notifythe other school of its intention. Dr. Smithalso encouraged further development of theregional Associations of Advisors for theHealth Professions.

Subsequent to this report, Dr. Smith proposed the following resolution which passedunanimously:

That the GSA encourage further regional development of the Association of Advisors forthe Health Professions and that representatives of these associations be encouraged tofurther work with the GSA and its staff towardestablishmg an ongoing relationship with theAAMC (GSA).

Research on student affairs.-Reporting forthis committee, Dr. Gerald A. Green, Associate Dean, University of Southern CaliforniaSchool of Medicine, indicated that there appeared to be a great deal of interest in studyingthe pool of rejected applicants and what mightbe done to help them make alternate plans.He invited other GSA members to make suggestions on the methodology of conductinga study on this subject and on possibilities forfinancing it.

Student aspects ofinternational medical education.-Dr. Richard J. Cross, Associate Dean,Rutgers Medical School, reported for theCommittee Chairman, Dr. E. Croft Long,Associate Director, Duke University School ofMedicine. Dr Cross reported on the studentexchange clerkships conducted by SAMA andalso indicated that approximately 200 NorthAmericans had begun medical school in September, 1969 at the Autonomous University ofGuadalajara in Mexico. In addition, he moved

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that the GSA adopt a proposed procedure forfacilitating the transfer of qualified Americancitizens attending foreign medical schools toU.S. medical schools.

Subsequent to this report, Dr. Cross's motion was passed unanimously and referred tothe GSA Steering Committee and to AAMCstaff for implementation.

Following Dr. Cross's presentation, therewas a general discussion of all of the GSACommittee reports and a unanimously passedmotion to accept these reports.

REGIONAL REPORTS

Central.-Dr. Edward S. Petersen, AssistantDean, Northwestern University MedicalSchool, reported that the Midwestern andGreat Plains Regions met in Cincinnati inMay, 1969 and decided 'to merge those tworegions into the GSA Central Regional Group.Several premedical advisors met in conjunctionwith the GSA at that time and formed a Midwest Association for the Health Professionswhich will continue to meet jointly with theCentral GSA. Dr. Charles E. Kiely, AssociateDean, University of Cincinnati School ofMedicine, is the new Regional Chairman. Dr.Jack M. Colwill, Associate Dean, Universityof Missouri School of Medicine, is Vice-Chairman, and Dr. John C. Herweg, AssociateDean, Washington University School of Medicine, is Secretary-Treasurer. The next meetingwill be in Columbus, Ohio in May, 1970.

Nortlzeast.-Dr. Schuyler G. Kohl reportedthat the Northeastern GSA met in June, 1969on Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts in conjunction with the Northeastern Association ofAdvisors for the Health Professions. The newofficers are: Dr. Schuyler G. Kohl, Chairman;Dr. Frederick H. Barnes, Jr., Professor ofMedical Science at the Brown University Division of Biological and Medical Sciences,Vice-Chairman; and Dr. Karl H. Weaver,Assistant Dean at the University of MarylandSchool of Medicine, Secretary. The next meeting will be in Providence, Rhode Island inJune, 1970.

South.-Dr. Evangeline T. Papageorge, Executive Associate Dean, Emory UniversitySchool of Medicine, reported that the GSA

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Southern Regional Group held its first springmeeting in March, 1969 at Atlanta, Georgia.Dr. John E. Chapman, Associate Dean at theVanderbilt University School of Medicine, isthe Chairman-Elect. The next meeting will beheld in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma in March,1970.

West.-Dr. Gerald A. Green reported thatthe Western GSA met at Asilomar, Californiain March, 1969. The premedical advisors metin conjunction with the GSA and are contemplating organizing a western regional association. The next meeting is scheduled forMarch, 1970.

AAMC STAFF

Dr. Ceithaml introduced various membersof the AAMC staff, who reported on projectsof pertinence to the GSA Dr. Davis G.Johnson, Director of the Division of StudentAffairs, reported on a militant student activismstudy currently in progress. Dr. Frank T.Stritter, Assistant Director of the Division,reported on a transfer student survey presentlybeing completed and a study of the characteristics of Student Affairs Officers completedin the spring of 1969 Mr. Dennis B Dove,Administrative Assistant for Minority StudentAffairs, reported on the OEO project and theMED-MAR project and presented registrationfigures for the current academic year. Dr.Edwin B. Hutchins, Associate Professor atIowa State University and former AAMC staffmember, reported on the current status of theLongitudinal Study. He indicated that much ofthe data are available and can be obtained inuseable form. He is planning publication of amonograph which will describe the entire studyand its results. Since subjects of the study havenow been graduates for nearly ten ycars,Dr. Hutchins feels it is appropriate to surveythem again regarding their attitudes and current disciplines. Dr. Jack G. Hutton, Jr,Assistant Director of the Division of Educational Measurement and Research, reported onthe current status of the MCAT bias studywhich is nearing completion.

ROLL CALL AND ELECTIONS

The roll was called, and representatives werepresent from ninety-two schools: eighty-nine

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in the United States and three from Canada.The schools with voting rights which were notrepresented were: California-Davis, California-Irvine, Florida, Georgia, Puerto Rico,South Carolina, South Dakota, SUNY-Buffalo, Texas-Galveston, Texas-San Antonio,Vermont, and Yale.

Election of national GSA officers for thecoming year was then held, following a reportfrom Dr. Bernard W. Nelson, Associate Deanfor Student Affairs, Stanford UniversitySchool of Medicine, and Chairman of the GSANominating Committee. Unanimously electedwere Dr. W. W. Morris, Chairman, and Dr.Robert L. Tuttle, Vice-Chairman. Subsequently, Dr. Davis G. Johnson, Director of theAAMC Division of Student Affairs, was reappointed as Secretary.

OTHER BUSINESS

Dr. Thomas E. Morgan, Jr., Assistant Dean,University of Washington School of Medicine,suggested a need for a proposal to initiate information exchange and/or procedures on allitems which concern electives. Dr. Ceitharnlpointed out that this should be discussed atthe spring meetings of the GSA.

Dr. Robert L. Tuttle then moved the adop-tion of the following resolution:

WHEREAS Joseph Ceithaml of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicinehas contributed greatly to the education of themembership of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges Group on Student Affairs,particularly through his leadership at the 1956and 1957 Institutes on Admissions and Stu-

The Annual Conference on International Medical Education was convened on Saturday,November 1, 1969, with Dr. Thomas H.Hunter, Chairman of the Committee on International Relations in Medical Education, presiding. The conference opened with a luncheonaddress by Dr. Gabriel Velazquez Palau, Deanof the Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia,who spoke on "Manpower and the WHO."He reviewed the growing emphasis WHO isplacing on the organization and staffing ofhealth services and summarized the support it

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

dent Affairs and through his extensive studiesof the financIal state of the American medicalstudents; and,WHEREAS he has served diligently and effectively as a dynamic and forceful NationalChairman of the Group on Student Affairssince October, 1966; and,WHEREAS he simultaneously served asChairman of the AAMC Committee on Student Affairs; and,WHEREAS, in so serving, he has been instrumental in improving the functioning of theNational Internship and Residency MatchingProgram, in increasing the participation ofthe membership in the committee work of theGroup on Student Affairs, and finally, inlaying to rest the perennial ghost of the releaseof Medical College Admission Test scores;and,WHEREAS he consistently demonstratesthose qualities of the student affairs officer thatwe universally respect and admire,THEREFORE be it resolved that the Groupon Student Affairs unanimously expresses itsdeepest gratitude and appreciation to ourfriend, Joe Ceithaml, on this first day ofNovember, 1969 at the Thirteenth AnnualMeeting of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges Group on Student Affairsheld in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Following the unanimous adoption of theresolution by the GSA, Dr. Ceitharnl wasawarded a plaque commemorating his threeyears as GSA National Chairman and receiveda standing round of enthusiastic applause forhis devotion and hard work.

Dr. Ceitharnl then turned the podium overto the new National Chairman, Dr. W. W.Morris, who spoke briefly and then adjournedthe meeting at 5:30 P.M.

is giving in providing faculty, fellowships, andassistance in planning.

The afternoon session of the conference wasdevoted to a presentation and general discussion of the survey of international activities ofU.S. medical schools recently completed bythe Division of International Medical Education (DIME). This report, presented in draftform, dealt with the organization for international activities within schools, specialcourses offered on international health, as wellas faculty and student activities abroad. In-

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eluded in the report were school-by-schoolsummaries of the international programs offifty-one schools to which site visits had beenmade. The findings revealed that thirty-eightschools have cooperative arrangements ofvarying degrees of formality with fifty-nineinstitutions in 119 countries. After a poll ofthe Liaison Officers for International Activitiespresent, it was recommended that they be sentan annual questionnaire for the purpose ofkeeping the survey updated.

It was also recommended that DIME pub-

The Eighth Annual Conference on Research inMedical Education was held on Saturday andSunday afternoons, November 1-2, 1969. In acontinued effort to develop a format whichwould allow participants to concentrate on amore systematic consideration of major areasof interests and encourage more discussion regarding the problems of doing research in eacharea, again this year, each participant wasrequested to furnish the Program Committeewith a copy of his paper prior to the Conference. These papers were mailed to all preregistrants. This eliminated the traditionalpaper reading and provided an opportunityfor participants to discuss their research proJects with an informed audience. Selected abstracts which formed the basis of the programwere published in the October, 1969 issue ofthe Joumal of Medical Educatioll.

The Program

The program was divided into eight topicareas: Curriculum Evaluation, Physician Characteristics, Clinical Criteria of InstructionalEffectiveness, Attitudes and Values of Studentsand Physicians, Instructional Methods, Evaluation of Learning, Today's Medical Student,and Interviewing Skills. The program beganWith a plenary session the first afternoon, followed by a discussion of the first four tOPiCS.The second afternoon was devoted to the latterfour topics. Separate panel discussions wereconducted each afternoon on that day's topics,led by a panel of selected individuals who hadsubmitted abstracts in those research areas.Other individuals were invited to be present for

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lish a list of faculty members who have servedfor two months or more in a single countryabroad who might be available as referencepoints for information on those countries andtheir medical schools.

Particular interest was expressed during theconference in the ever-present problem of theforiegn medical graduate. It was recommendedthat DIME participate actively in nationalefforts to increase the training relevance givento these graduates in the U.S. to the needs oftheir home countries.

the sessions and to join in the discussion fromthe floor.

SATURDAY PLENARY SESSION

The Conference began at 2:00 P.M., November 1, with a plenary session chaired by Dr.Hilliard Jason, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine. A keynote address,"Perspectives of Research in Medical Education," was presented by Dr. George E. Miller,University of Illinois College of Medicine.

SATURDAY PANEL DISCUSSIONS

At 3:00 P.M. separate Panels were convenedto discuss the following topics:

Pallel 1. Curriculum El'Gluatioll.-ThisPanel was chaired by Dr. Peter V. Lee, University of Southern California School of Medicine. The research projects discussed were:"An Investigation of the Attitudes, StudyHabits, and Academic Achievement of FirstYear Medical Students in a New Curriculum,"Josephine M. Cassie, Dr. Stuart C. Robmson,and Dr. D. Paul Cudmore, Dalhousie University Faculty of Medicine; "Five Years' Experience with a Completely Elective FourthYear," Dr. James Q. Miller and Dr. PeytonE. Weary, University of Virginia School ofMedicine; "A Study of Curncular Change,"Dr. John C. Donovan, Dr. Leonard F.Salzman, and Dr. Peter Z. Allen, Umversityof Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, and "Curriculum Content for MedicalStudents: Technique and Results," Dr. BruceE. Spivey, University of Iowa Hospitals.

Pallel 2. Physician Characreristics.-This

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Panel was chaired by Dr. Nicholas J. Cotsonas,Jr., University of Illinois College of Medicine.The research projects discussed were: "Intellectual, Personality, and Environmental Factors in Career Specialty Preferences of EnteringMedical Students," Dr. Harold B. Haley andDr. Rosalia E. Paiva, Medical College of Ohioat Toledo; ''The Qualities ofa Superior Physician: A Survey of Several Medical and NonMedical Groups," Dr. Philip B. Price, Dr.Calvin W. Taylor, and Dr. Evan G. Lewis,University of Utah; and "The Concept ofResponsibility," Gregory T. Loftus, MichiganState University College of Human Medicine.

Panel 3. Clinical Criteria of InstructionalEffectiveness.-This Panel was chaired by Dr.John W. Williamson, the Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health.The research projects discussed were: ''Evaluation of a Post-Graduate Education Program,"Dr. R Quin Bailey and Dr. Robert Kane,University of Kentucky College of Medicine;"A Feasibility Study Using Patient Records toEvaluate Videotape Post-Graduate MedicalEducation," Dr. Judilynn T. Foster andSandra J. Lass, University ofSouthern California School of Medicine; "Diagnosis BeforeTherapy: A Model in Physicians' ContinuingEducation," Dr. Paul C. Brucker and Dr.Clement R. Brown, Chestnut Hill Hospital,Philadelphia, and Dr. Joseph S. Gonnella,Jefferson Medical College.

Panel 4. Attitudes and Values of Studentsand Physicians.-This Panel was chaired byDr. Harold I. Lief, University of PennsylvaniaSchool of Medicine. The research projectsdiscussed were: "Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes, and Open-Closed Mind Systems,"Dr Harvey D. Strassman, University of California-Irvine, California College of Medicine;"Attitudes of the Closed- Versus the OpenMinded Medical Student Toward MedicalSchool and the Practice of Medicine," Dr.Patricia C. Johnson, York Hospital, York,Pennsylvania; "Values of Medical Studentsand Practicing Physicians," Dr. Betty H.Mawardi, Case Western Reserve UniversitySchool of Medicine.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

SUNDAY PANEL DISCUSSIONS

At 2:00 P.M. separate Panels were convenedto discuss the following topics:

Panel 5. Instructional Methods.-This Panelwas chaired by Dr. Lawrence A. Fisher, University of Illinois College of Medicine. Theresearch projects discussed were: "Composition of Small Learning Groups in MedicalEducation, II," Dr. Daniel S. Fleisher andJoel L. Levin, Temple University Health Sciences Center; "Learning on a Surgical Clerkship: An Approach to Student Responsibility,"Dr. Edward D. Coppola and Dr. LouisRogow, Hahnemann Medical College, andDr. Joseph S. Gonnella, Jefferson MedicalCollege; "Computerized Histology," Dr. BethL. Wismar and Dr. Ronald Christopher, OhioState University.

Panel 6. Evaluation ofLearning.-This Panelwas chaired by Dr. W. Loren Wdlians, MedicalCollege of Georgia. The research projectsdiscussed were: ''The Use of Rating Forms ofHabitual Performance for Assessment Purposes in Graduate Medical Education,"Harold G. Levine, American Society of Medical Technologists, and Christine H. McGuire,University of Illinois College of Medicine;"The Problem of Validity of External Tests forEvaluation of Medical School Curricula,"Dr. Hannes C. Kapuste, Institut fur Ausbildungsforschung, Munich, Germany; "Factorsin Early Development and Evaluation ofClinical Competence in Medical Students,"Dr. Hugh M. Scott, Dr. Martin Wong, andDr. Peter O. Ways, Michigan State UniversityCollege of Human Medicine.

Panel 7. Today's Medical Student.-ThisPanel was chaired by Dr. Renee C Fox,University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine. The research projects discussed were:"The Freshman Medical Student 'Circa 6869': A Dynamic Analysis," Dr. Pearl PRosenberg, University of Minnesota MedicalSchool; "Patient Perceptions of Medical Students and the Teaching Hospital," Dr. DaleN. Schumacher and Barbara J. Schumacher,Baltimore City Hospitals; "A PreliminaryStudy of Medical Student Activism," Richard

::\Ieeting of the Society of Teachers of Family l\Iedicinc

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S. Lieberman and Dr. Melvin Sabshin, University of Illinois College of Medicine.

Panel 8. Interviewing Skills.-This Panelwas chaired by Dr. Allen J. Enelow, MichiganState University College of Human Medicine.The research projects discussed were: "AnObjective Comparison of Pediatric Interviewmg Skills of Freshmen and Senior MedicalStudents," Dr. Ray E. Helfer, The CatholicMedical Center of Brooklyn and Queens, Inc. j

"A Negative Relationship Between the Understanding of Medical Interviewing Principles

The annual educational meeting of the Societyof Teachers of Family Medicine was held onOctober 30, 1969. This particular meeting wasm honor of Dr. Ward Darley as the "Father"of comprehensive family health care. Thesession was called to order at 2:00 P.M. byDr. Lynn P Carmichael, President of theSociety.

Dr. John A. D. Cooper, President of theAssociation of American Medical Colleges,made the opening remarks and commented onthe contributions of Dr. Darley to medicaleducation and care.

Comprehensive health care was examinedfrom several viewpoints. Anne R. Somers, Researc.h Associate at Princeton University,spoke for "The Consumer." Dr. C. H. WilliamRuhe, Director of the Division of MedIcalEducation of the American Medical Association, presented the feelings of "The Educator."

335

and Performance in Actual IntervIcws," John

E. Ware, Jr., and Dr. Donald H. Naftulin,University of Southern Califorma School ofMedicine, and Dr. Harvcy D. Strassman, University of California-Irvine, California Collegeof Medicine; "A Three Year LongitudinalStudy of the Medical Interview and Its Relationship to Student Performance in ClinicalMedicine," Dr. Robert A. Barbee, Universityof Wisconsin Medical School, and Dr. SolFeldman, Northern Illinois University.

"The Student" viewpoint was expressed byChristian Ramsey, Jr., Fourth-Year Studcnt atEmory University School of Medicine. TheDirector of the National Center for HealthServices Research and Development of theDepartment of Health, EducatIon, and Welfare, Dr. Paul J. Sanazaro, spoke of the needfor "Research" in the delivery of care and inmedical education if comprehenSIVe health careis to become a reality. Dr. John S. Millis, VicePresident of the National Fund for MedicalEducation, stressed the institutionalization ofcomprehensive care in "The Future" Dr.Ward Darley responded to these viewpoints,listing the positive aspects of the current situation and the dangers that might lie ahead.

The meeting adjourned at 5:00 P.M. andwas followed by a social hour, affording anopportunity to congratulate Dr. Darley.

336

Annual Reports of Staff and Committees

Report of the President, John A. D. Cooper, M.D., Ph.D.

New Departments

A number of organizational and staff changeshave occurred during the year. Foremostamong these was the creation of two new de·partments:

DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS

Following the recommendation of theSprague Committee, a Department of Academic Affairs was formally established onJuly 1, 1969. Dr. Cheves McC. Smythe, Associate Director, was appointed Director of thenew department.

As currently constituted, this department iscomposed of the Division of Student Affairsand the Division of Educational Measurementand Research. An additional staff member hasbeen provided to the department to permit in·creased activity in the areas of curriculum andinstruction and more support for the programsrelated to the interests of the Council ofAcademic Societies. Other major areas of reosponsibility of the Department of Academic

McC. Smythe and his immediate staff; Dr.Dale E. Mattson and the Division of Educa·tional Measurement and Research; ThomasJ. Campbell, Assistant Director of the Di.vision of Operational Studies; and John L.Craner and some other members of the Di.vision of Business Affairs.

The following operations were moved during the summer from Evanston to the presentfacilities in the Dupont Circle Building: Dr.Walter G. Rice and part of the staff of theDivision of Operational Studies; Dr. Davis G.Johnson and the staff of the Division of Stu·dent Affairs; and the editorial offices of theJournal ofMedical Education.

We anticipate completion of the staff moveto Washington shortly after the beginning of1970.

Several major recommendations from theCoggeshall report were implemented as theresult of the adoption on November 4,1968 ofrevised Articles of Incorporation and Bylawsby the Institutional Membership:

A general assembly should be establishedas the constitutional governing body ofthe Association and to represent all membersThe senior officer of the Associationelected annually should be designated the"chairman."The full-time chief executive officer of theAssociation should be given the title of"president."The executive council should serve as"board of directors" of the Association.Three councils should be established:(1) council of deans, (2) council of administrators, and (3) council of faculty.

The Presidency and the WashingtonHeadquarters

On February 10, 1969 before the Second Assembly of the Association, I was named itsfirst permanent President and assumed thispositIOn full-time on July 1, 1969 with myoffice based in Washington.

Already located in Washington at that timewere offices of the Executive Director, theCouncil of Teaching Hospitals, and the Division of International Medical Education. Firstto join my staff was J. Trevor Thomas, Director of Business Affairs. In his report, Mr.Thomas describes the phasing out of theEvanston business operation.

Because of the delay in our occupancy ofspace 10 the new American Council on Education bUilding at One Dupont Circle, the hoped.for consolidation of the operations of theAssociation in Washington has been delayed.Still remaining in Evanston are: Dr. Cheves

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Affairs are the Council of Academic Societies,the role of the Association in graduate medicaleducation, the medical school accreditationprogram, and the special project on potentialeducational services from the National Libraryof Medicine.

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES AND

TEACHING HosprrALS

Mr. John M. Danielson joined the Association full-time in September, 1969 to head thenewly created Department of Health Servicesand Teaching Hospitals. He will also serve asDirector of the Council of Teaching Hospitals,succeeding Mr. Matthew F. McNulty, Jr.,who resigned effective July, 1969 to becomeVice President of the Medical Center, Georgetown University.

Mr. Danielson will have major responsibilities for the activities of the Associationconcerned with the broad area of healthservices and the teaching hospitals that aremembers of the Association. He will workclosely with the medical schools and teachinghospitals, the federal government, and thehealth insurance carriers. His work will involvecooperation with other health-related groupsand professional organizations in promotingmore effective health care for all segments ofsociety.

New Directions

Programs of the Association for 1968-69 aredescribed in these Proceedings. Officers, councils, and committees in office in 1968-69, theperiod of the report, are shown, whereas staffare listed for the current year, 1969--70.

These programs should speak for themselves, but a one-year report cannot reflect theexpanded focus that characterizes the newAssociation. The Association's broadened constituent base now has official representation toensure that the many voices of those involvedin medical education contribute to the policiesand programs of the organization.

Over the past two years the Association hassponsored national conferences and meetingsthat have had significant impact in criticalareas: premedical education, the medicalschool curriculum, medical education and phy-

337

sician manpower, the role of the university ingraduate medical education, minority grouprepresentation in medical schools, potentialeducational services from a national biomedical communications network, and medicaleducation and family planning. The Association held its second management seminar fornew medical school deans in September, 1969.Forty-two representatives from 23 medicalschools participated. The third seminar III thisseries is scheduled for March, 1970. The chargeto the Association from its standing Committee on Continuing Education appears in theseProceedings. In these many areas, the Association has been challenged to assume new responsibilities and to fulfill new roles.

I am moving forward as rapidly as possibleto organize the staff to stImulate and faCilitatebetter interaction among the Association. Theoverlap in responsibilities and interests of thedeans, faculty, and teaching hospitals in themodem complex operations of our academicmedical centers and major teaching institutionsmakes it imperative that we move in thesedirections. Each member of the professionalstaff will be given the task of serving as themajor focus for specific activities of the Association. However, he will be expected tocontribute broadly in all of the programs thatare undertaken by the organization.

It is very clear that we must mcrease ourinteraction with the federal agencies and theCongress. The growing importance of federalsupport to medical education and the healthservices, and the precarious financial situationin which our institutions find themselves, makesthis interaction of prime importance. We canand must assume a greater leadership role tointerpret to the Executive branch, the Congress, and the American public the objectives,programs, and needs of our complex medicalcenter. I have already devoted a great deal ofmy time since I moved to Washington to thesematters. I have found a warm reception in theagencies and on the Hill. The Association isheld in high regard by all of the individualswith whom I have established contact. Theywelcome our ideas and are appreciative of thematerial we have provided them to assist indischarging their responsibilities.

Report of the Treasurer, T. Stewart Hamilton, M.D.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

gains we have made and move forward to beof greater service to our members.

soon-to-be-vacated headquarters in Evanston,Illinois. The Statement notes, as well, thatfunds are being reserved toward 1970 expenses for moving the headquarters to Washington and for rentals thereat. The Auditor'scomments follow:

Chicago, IllinoisAugust :., 1969

In our 0p1n1on, subject to the determination of amounts to berealized from the sale of land improvements and building as described inNote B to the financial statements, the accompanying balance sheet andstatements of equity and income and expense present fairly the financialposition of Association of American Medical Colleges at June 30, 1969, andthe results of its operations for the year then ended, in conformity withgenerally accepted accounting principles applied on a basis consistent withthat of the preceding year.

We have examined the balance sheet of Association of AmericanMedical Colleges as of June 3D, 1969, and the related statements of equityand income and expense for the year then ended. Our examination was madein accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, and accordinglyincluded such tests of the accounting records and such other auditing procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. It was impracticable to obtain confirmation of accounts receivable from agencies of theUnited States Government amounting to $292,954 but we satisfied ourselvesas to such accounts by ~eans of other auditing procedures. We previouslymade a similar examination of the financial statements for the precedingyear.

Executive CouncilAssociation of American Medical CollegesEvanston, Illinois

The next year will be a challenging one forthe Association. I hope we can consolidate the


The Audited Financial Statement and Auditor's Report have been reviewed with representatives of Ernst & Ernst. The Report highlights the one uncertain element-the amountto be realized from the conclusion of negotiations with Northwestern University for the

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$ 173,742 $ 56,594

397,831 147,097421,788 354,852

9,444 10,19919,901 22,264

11,062296,856 296,856

$1,319,562 $898,924==:a:======= =====a==

$ 103,719 $122,482

13,559 9,985

117,278 132,467

206,251 88,905138,307 33,445

16,531 20,007

361,089 142,357

314,884 248,181296,856 296,856229,455 79,063

841,195 624,100

$1,319,562 $898,924c:::z=c====== ==:a==c==

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BALANCE SHEET

ASSOCIATION OF A.'lERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES

ASSETS

CashUnited States Government short-term securities -at cost and accrued interest

Accounts receivableAccounts with employeesSupplies, depos1ts, and prepaid expensesInventory of publications - Note ALand improvements and bU11d1ng - at cost - Note B

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY

Liabilities:Accounts payableSalaries, payroll taxes, and taxes withheld

from employees

Deferred 1ncome:Institut10nal dues and ,service fees receivedin advance

Other dues received in advanceSubscr1ptions

Equity:Restricted for special purposesInvested in land and building - Note BRetained for general purposes - Note C

Lease commitment - Note D

See notes to financial statements.

June 301969

339

June 301968

============~================================~================================~=====:===

Balance at July 1, 1968 $248,181 $296,856 $ 79,063 $624,100

Add 1ncome in excess of expenses 69,191 150,392 219,583

317,372 296,856 229,455 843,683

Deduct portion of prior yeargrant returned to grantor 2,488 2,488

BALANCE AT JUNE 30, 1969 $314,884 $296,856 $229,455 $841,195======== ======== ======= ========

STATEMENT OF EQUITY

Total

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

Retainedfor General

Purposes

Investedin Land and

Building

Restrictedfor Special

Purposes

Year ended June 30, 1969


ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES


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Income:Dues and service fees

from members $ 709,840 $ 709,840 $ 384,427Grants $356,921 356,921 396,901Cost reimbursement contracts 542,678 542,678 346,027SerVl.ces 456,221 456,221 358,968Publications 144,671 144,671 133,258Sundry 44,963 44,963 33,900Transfers in-out** 97,557** 97,557

TOTAL INCOME 802,042 1,453,252 2,255,294 1,653,481

Expenses:Salaries 258,466 600,131 858,597 770,918Other expenses 401,472 775,642 1,177,114 933,926Transfers in-out** 72 ,913 72,913**

TOTAL EXPElISES 732,851 1,302,860 2,035,711 1,704,844

INCOME IN EXCESS OF(LESS THAN) EXPENSES $ 69,191 $ 150,392 $ 219,583 ($ 51,363)

====-=== ==-======== ========== ========::

STATEI'.ENT OF INCOME AND EXPENSE

ASSOCIATION OF AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES

341

1968Total

GeneralPurposes Tptal

1 969SpecialPurposes

Year Ended June 30


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Note B - Land and Building:

In prior years, the Association followed the practice of includingin inventory the cost of those pub11cations which were ten years old orless and provided an allowance equal to the carrying amount of publications older than one year. The Association intends to dispose of substantially all of its inventory of publications upon relocation of itsnational headquarters (see Note B). Therefore, the cost of publicationsless than one year old, amounting to $4,622, that would have beendeferred at June 30, 1969, has been charged to expenses applicable toincome available for general purposes for the year then ended.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

ASSOCIATION OF A~RICAN MEDICAL COLLEGES

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 1969

Northwestern University has been notified of the Association'sintent to relocate its national headquarters to Washington, D.C. and, inconnection therewith, has indicated that, in its opinion, in addition tothe aforementioned proceeds attributable to land, it 1S entitled to aportion of the value of the building to tte extent of a $125,000 cashgrant given to the Association at the t1me of construction. TPe Association has taken the position that the Univers1ty's contention 1S notvalid. No provision has been made in the f1nanclal statements for thispossible additional loss.

Independent appraisals received recently indicate that the Association's proportionate share of the estimated proceeds to be realized fromthe sale of the land and bU1lding will range from $130,000 to $170,000.In the opinion of officials of the Association these appraisals are notnecessarily indicative of the amount which the Association may ultimatelyrealize from the sale of the bU1lding and land improvements. Accordingly, the carrying amount ($296,856) of land improvements and buildingas of June 30, 1969, tas not been reduced by any allowance for est1matedloss on disposal.

The present national headquarters of the Association is located onland donated by Northwestern University. Agreements relating to the landgrant provide that if the land is not used for the Association's nationalheadquarters, title to the land will revert to the University and a trustwill be established for the purpose of selling the land and bUild1ng.The Association is to receive from the trust that amount determined to bethe proportionate share of the total selling price allocable to buildingand land improvements. The Executive Council of the Assoc1ation hasapproved relocation of the Association's national headquarters to Washington, D.C. It is anticipated that the move will be completed prior toDecember 31, 1969.

Note A - Inventory of Publications:


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Note D - Lease Commitments:

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATHIEl>TS (CONT'D)

343

BuildIng In Washmgton expired on June 30,1969. Occupancy, however, will continue on amonth-to-month basis untIl the new buildingis completed around February 1, 1970.

Accounting

The Association has contracted with the computer center to be located In the new ACEbuilding for the processmg of financial, budget, and payroll data. A system of accountIngcompatible WIth electronic data processingtechniques has been developed and successfullytested during July and August. Transfer of allaccounting and payroll processing to theWashington office began on October 31, 1969,with a complete phase-out of the Evanstonaccounting operation on December 1. Thenew accounting system is designed to controlexpenditures through program budgets and to

The Association is presently negotlating a lease agreement for spacefor its national headquarters in Washlngton, D.C. The agreement, toexpire in five years, is expected to provlde for annual rentals ofapproxlmately $115,000.

At June 30, 1969, the Association had been notifled by severalgrantors that lt may expect to receive $1,056,700 (lncludlng $641,000under cost relmbursement contracts with agencies of the Unlted StatesGovernment) to be expended for special purposes withln the next twoyears. It is the Association's practice to lnclude grants in incomewhen they are received and cost reimbursements ln income when the costsare incurred.

As a result of the relocatlon of its natlonal headquarters, theAssociation expects to incur certaln extraordlnary costs lncludlng moving expenses, employee separatlon pay and termlnatlon of lease agreements

'amounting to approximately $105,000. No appropriatlon for these costshas been made out of equity retained for general purposes Slnce the Association's budget for the year endlng June 30, 1970 includes such anappropriatlon out of income available for general purposes.

Note C - Costs of Relocating National Headquarters:

Note E - Grants to be Received and Costs to beReimbursed in Future Periods:


Report of the Director of Business Affairs, J. Trevor Thom.as

Much effort has been expended in planning forthe orderly transfer of business functions fromEvanston to the Washington office. Thistransfer has been made more complex by thedelay in the completion of the new ACE building in which the Association has leased space.Because of this delay and the severe limitationson the present Washington office space, it hasbeen necessary to postpone the complete transfer of business functions. As long as this situation continues, a degree of duplication willexist in the Washington and Evanston officeswith inefficiencies resulting from the split operation.

The lease on the Central Street Annex wasterminated in September and all Evanstonbased operations consolIdated in the RidgeAvenue headquarters.

The lease of space in the Dupont Circle

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provide improved and timely reporting forthe benefit of management.

100

9331945237

186252

2,3971,2112,157

31

1,8861,776

585883592

16,670Total Number of Plates

DatagramsDeans and Vice PresidentsEmeritus MembersFoundationsFree Journal SubscriptionsGroup on Student Affairs (GSA)Individual MembersInstitutional SubscriptionsJournal SubscriptionsLiaison Committee on Medical Educa

tionLiaison Officers-Division of Inter-

national Medical EducationLibraryPremedical AdvisersPublic Relations Press ListSmith Kline & French Press ListWorld Health Organization

1967-68 1968-69

Number of jobs pro- 961 1,187duced

Amount charged $85,474 $60,682Expense 85,611 63,411

($137) ($2,729)

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

REPRODUCTION

A high-speed duplicating machine was leasedto supplement equipment in the Mailing andReproduction Department. This equipmentproved most efficient in reproducing a widevariety of materials. Although its full potentialwas not realized until the last half of the year,this machine considerably increased duplicating speed and capacity.

The following summary shows the printingactivity for the past two years:

PUBLICATIONS

Publications of the Association will behoused in the Washington office. The inventoryof publications is no longer carried as abalance sheet item.

During 1968-69 total paid subscriptions tothe Journal were 6,009. Advertising sales for1968-69 totaled $26,822 as compared with$32,803 during 1967-68. The advertising salescampaign has been carried out without stafforiented to the advertising field.

Arrangements have been made with theWilliams & Wilkins Co. to manage advertis-

25

(122)2

(2)(1)

IncreaseType of Membership 1967-68 1968-69

Affiliate 13 13Contributing 20 21Council of Aca- 29 29

demic SocietiesCouncil of Teach- 332 357

ing HospitalsGraduate Affiliate 2 2Individual 2,509 2,397Institutional 88 90Provisional 13 11Sustaining 22 21

Membership and Subscriptions

Procedures instituted in the last several yearsfor the handling of membership dues andsubscriptions have been maintained withoutmodification. Procedures now being used areas near peak efficiency as can be achieved withthe current equipment. In November, a contract was negotiated with the National Educational Computer Center for the conversion ofthe system to electronic data processing equipment. The system is currently estimated to beoperational by February 1, 1970.

The following summary reflects the changein the number of memberships in the Association between August 1, 1968 and July 31,1969:

MAILING

Categories and numbers of addressographplates the Association maintains are shownbelow:

Mailing, Reproduction, and Publications

Advertising 2,445Bibliography:

Dental Schools 48Medical Societies 65Pharmaceutical Schools 72Universities 199

Bul/etill Subscriptions 38Contributing and Sustaining Members 42Council of Academic Societies (CAS) 58Council of Teaching Hospitals 377

(COTH)COTH Report Subscriptions 54

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AAMC Proceedingsfor 1969

mg promotion and sales. The initial contractwill be on a trial basis for one year commencing January 1, 1970. Williams & Wilkinspublishes many professional journals and maintains a nationwide sales staff of ten persons.With an upward adjustment of advertisingrates and an organized sales campaign, an increase in net advertising revenue, as well asfurther increase in Journal distribution, isanticipated.

Meetings

ANNUAL MEETING

The Division continues to be responsible forall Annual Meeting hotel arrangements, exclusive of housing. This includes planning and

Council of Academic Societies

The Council of Academic Societies (CAS)completed its third year of operation in November, 1969. Its membership now totalstwenty-nine distinguished societies.

Executive Committee

During the year the Executive Committee meton November 2-3, 1968, and on February 24,March 23, June 24, and October 31-November 1, 1969. The Committee felt that a moreelaborate committee structure was indicatedand activated a standing committee on graduate medical education and a steering committee for the project on biomedical communications. A political action committee and acommittee on curriculum, curriculum evaluation, and student evaluation have been suggested but have not been activated. A statement by the Fedemtion of American Societiesfor Experimental Biology deploring the indiscriminate drafting of graduate students wasendorsed and forwarded to the AAMC Executive Council for its support. The ExecutiveCommittee also served as program committeefor planning the CAS 1968-69 Annual Meeting. Fashioning a proper role for a Commission on Medical Education and the relationship of AAMC to such a commission remainsa primary concern of the Executive Committee.

A staff paper defining corporate respon-

345

allocating space for meetings, staffing andopemting registration and work-room, providing special equipment, and Annual Banquetarrangements and special meal functions. ThisDivision has printed and disseminated AnnualMeeting preregistration information and invitations and maintained data processed preregistration counts according to individualsessions.

OTHER MEETINGS

At the request of committees and staff, thisDivision makes arrangements for meetingsthroughout the year. Over the past year theDivision arranged seventy-three such meetingsfor over 2,000 participants.

sibility for graduate medical education hasbeen prepared. Active interrelationships withthe other portions of the Association in working toward equitable administration of medicare/medicaid regulations in teaching hospitalsoccupied much of the committee's attentionduring the fall.

Conference on Graduate MedicalEducation

The report of the conference held October2-5, 1968 on "The Role of the University inGraduate Medical Education" appeared as aspecial issue of the Journal of Medical Education for September, 1969. This report marksthe official termination of Contract RFP No.PH 108-69-16 (P) with the Division of Physician Manpower, Bureau of Health Manpower.However, the Council's support of the conceptsadvanced at the time of the conference continues to be evidenced by its continuing role inthe organization of a Commission on MedicalEducation and the support of institutionwideaccreditation of graduate medical education.

Conference on Biomedical Communications Network

On February 25-26, 1969, a conference washeld at the National Library of MediCine. Areport entitled Potential Educational Servicesfrom a National Biomedical Communications

With respect to the Association's investment and equity in land andbuilding, the following disclosures were made in Note B to the financialstatements:

"Independent appraisals received recently indicate that theAssociation's proportionate share of the estimated proceeds to berealized from the sale of the land and building will range from$130,000 to $170,000. In the opinion of officials of the Association these appraisals are not necessarily indicative of the amountwhich the Association may ultimately realize from the sale of thebuilding and land improvements. Accordingly, the carrying amount($296,856) of land improvements and building as of June 30, 1969,has not been reduced by any allowance for estimate~ loss on disposal.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

September 11, 1969

231 SOUTH LA SALLE STREET

CHICAGO. ILL. 60604

ERNST & ERNST

Gentlemen:

Executive CouncilAssociation of American Medical CollegesEvanston, Illinois

We have examined the financial statements of Association of AmericanMedical Colleges for the year ended June 30, 1969, and have issued our reportthereon dated August 4, 1969. As indicated therein, "it was impracticable toobtain confirmation of accounts receivable from agencies of the United StatesGovernment amounting to $292,954; but we satisfied ourselves as to suchaccounts by means of other auditing procedures." Disclosure of this situation is required of us by the standards set forth by our profession. Althoughwe did not obtain confirmation of the accounts with the United States Government, we were able to satisfy ourselves as to these accounts by examinationof evidence of subsequent collection and other auditing procedures.

"The present national headquarters of the Association is locatedon land donated by Northwestern University. Agreements relating tothe land grant provide that if the land is not used for the Association's national headquarters, title to the land will revert to theUniversity and a trust will be escablished for the purpose of sellingthe land and building. The Association is to receive from the trustthat amount determined to be the proportionate share of the totalselling price allocable to building and land improvements. TheExecutive Council of the Association has approved relocation of theAssociation's national headquarters to Washington, D.C. It is antic~

ipated that the move will be completed prior to December 31, 1969.


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Very truly yours,

The aforementioned report, and the related financial statements havebeen reviewed with Dr. T. Stewart Hamilton, Treasurer. In that connection,we commented to him that the Association's present accounting procedures andsystem of internal control are generally adequate to provide for the reportingof meaningful financial information and for the safeguarding of the Association's assets. We understand, however, that new accounting procedures andinternal controls are being developed for the national headquarters in Washington, D.C., and therefore we have not commented on possible rev1sions tothe present procedures. We would be pleased to be of assistance to the Association in the development and implementation of the new system.

347

"Northwestern University has been notified of the Association'sintent to relocate its national headquarters to Washington, D.C.and, in connection therewith, has indicated that, in its opinion,in addition to the aforementioned proceeds attributable to land, itis entitled to a portion of the value of the building to the extentof a $125,000 cash grant given to the Association at the time ofconstruction. The Association has taken the position that the University's contention is not valid. No provision has been made in thefinancial statements for this possible additional loss."

"In our opinion, subject to the determination of amounts tobe realized from the sale of land improvements and building asdescribed in Note B to the financial statements, the accompanyingbalance sheet and statements of equity and income and expense present fairly the financial position of Association of AmericanMedical Colleges at June 30, 1969, and the results of its operations for the year then ended, in conformity with generally acceptedaccounting principles applied on a basis consistent with that of thepreceding year."

ERNST <5; ERNST

The land improvements and building are carried on the balance sheetof the Association at cost. As indicated in the aforementioned note, it isnot possible to determine the amounts that will be realized upon the disposalof these assets in connection with the relocation of the Association'snational headquarters to Washington, D.C. As a result of the uncertaintyas to realizable value, it was necessary for US to comment upon this in theopinion paragraph of our report as follows:


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Net .....ork describing this conference was issuedin July, 1969. The utility of further developing the contribution of potential consumers ofservices to be offered by the proposed biomedical communications network and theplanning for it was reaffirmed as a result ofthis conference. Consequently, the contractwith the Library is being extended.

The Association is to work in conjunctionwith the staff of the Library in preparation of

Council of Deans

The Council of Deans (COD) was created onNovember 4, 1968 when the AAMC Bylawswere amended to include three primary constituent bodies: the Council of Deans, theCouncil ofAcademic Societies, and the Councilof Teaching Hospitals.

As defined in the Bylaws, the membershipof the Council of Deans consists of the Deanof each Institutional Member and of eachProvisional Institutional Member which hasadmitted its first class. Of the sixteen electedmembers who serve on the AAMC ExecutiveCouncil, one is the Chairman of the Council ofDeans, and eight are other members fromthe COD.

Meetings

The Council of Deans has met three timessince its establishment: February 8, May 9,and October 31, 1969. In addition, the Administrative Committee of the COD metthree times coincident with meetings of theAAMC Executive Council.

The COD also convened in the followingregional meetings: NortheasternGroup on January 14; Western Group on January 27; Midwestern Group on January 29; and SouthernGroup on April 29-30, 1969. Chairmen ofthese groups reported on these meetings in theplenary meetings of the COD.

Bylaws

Bylaws of the COD were drafted by Drs.Robert H. Felix and Warren L. Bostick, reviewed by the COD Administrative Committee, and circulated to the COD for discussion in regional meetings. Bylaws adopted by

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

a definitive report to be used by the Library intheir subsequent planning for a biomedicaleducation network. A steering committee forthis project has been appointed, and it is expected that the report will be ready for submission by September, 1970. It is proposedthat the report be based on experiences in aselected sample of the nation's medical schools.From these, what is needed, wanted, and mostlikely to be consumed, will be decided.

the COD on October 31, 1969 appear at theend of this report.

Health Manpower

MEDICAL SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

In November, 1968 Drs. William G. Anlyanand William N. Hubbard sent a questionnaireon health manpower to all established anddeveloping U.S. medical schools. The questionnaire was designed to determine the interest of medical schools in increasing theirmedical school classes and the extent to whichthis planning had progressed.

Responses were received from eighty-twoof the eighty-nine established medical schoolsand from all developing schools. Almost without exception the schools acknowledged theimportance of expanding enrollments and ofproviding an opportunity for an increase inthe number of students from disadvantagedbackgrounds. The schools projected about aone-third increase in the size of their class bythe mid-1970s, which would bring the enteringclass to approximately 12,000 students.

MEDICAL SCHOOL FACULTY

The following resolution was unanimouslypassed by the Southern Group in its April29-30 meeting: "In view of the problem ofhealth manpower in the nation and the greatdemands placed on medical schools and inview of the marked reduction of research andtraining grants, support and faculty recruitment, and training and in view of the shortage of teachers for new and expanding medicalschools, some ultimate mechanism should be

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developed promptly to support the training ofmedical educators in medical schools."

ACTION: In response to this resolution,on May 9 the COD moved to undertakeconsideration of some ultimate mechanisms for supporting the training ofmedicaleducators in medical schools.

National Service Plans for MedicalGraduates

In its May 9 meeting, the COD discussed arecommendation by the COD AdministrativeCommittee for a national service plan formedical graduates in lieu of military service.This national service could include work insuch areas as urban ghettos or rural healthvacuums. Mechanisms for implementation ofsuch a system and difficulties that might arisewere considered.

ACTION: The COD expressed a majorityinterest in further exploring this matter;the Administrative Committee is to reportback to the Council at each step.

Student Affairs

Student organizations represented in the MayCOD meeting were the Student AmericanMedical Association, the Student NationalMedical Association, and the Student HealthOrganization. Spokesmen from each organization addressed the COD.

ACTION: Subsequent to these presentations, the COD went on record as: (a)indicating that the Council does give highpriority to the need for federal studentassistance programs, both loans and scholarships, (b) urging members ofthe Counciland their faculties to support this needby writing to members ofCongress statingclearly the problem presented by, or whichwould be presented by, a cutback in theseprograms, (c) supporting the efforts ofstudent organizations to obtain information and to develop position papers onthis issue, (d) attempting to enlist the support of other interested organizationsand groups in a campaign to avoid areduction in student aid funds, and (e)making the Council's position on thismatter public record.

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Medical Center Cost StudyDr. Walter G. Rice reported that the sevenmedical centers initially involved in the AAMCprogram cost analysis are continuing thesestudies. Also, negotiations are in the finalstages to involve perhaps another twelveschools.

ACTION: The COD resolved on May 9to encourage the AAMC to continue theirefforts in the program cost analysis study.

Academic Inflation

At the October 31 meeting, the COD expressedgrave concern over the problem of academicinflation, in particular, over the use of federalfunds that contribute to such an inflationaryprocess.

ACTION: As an expression of its concern, after extensive debate and discussion,the COD approved the following:Funds from federal institutional grants and

contracts for education and research may beused to support the salary of any facultymember on the basis of percentage of effortin the approved program up to nationallyaccepted levels for each academic rank anddiscipline. Such levels will represent the median salary level for strict full-time faculty inmedical schools of this country as determinedby the AAMC Faculty Salary Survey for theyear in which this policy is adopted. Theselevels will be adjusted annually thereafter inaccord with changes in the cost-of-living index.Faculty salaries established on this basis maybe supplemented by an institution if so desired. Federal funds may continue to be usedto pay the pro rata share of the cost of fringebenefits of each respective institution. Thisshall be reviewed by the AAMC and possiblyrevised after a period of time of two years.

As a result of discussion subsequent to theOctober 31 COD meeting, it became apparent that the broader issue of academicinflation goes far beyond the federal role andrequires more deliberate attention by an adhoc committee that is representative of thebroader constituency of the AAMC.

ACTION: Therefore, COD Chairman,Dr. William G. Anlyan, recommeded tothe Assembly on November 3, 1969 that

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an ad hoc committee of the Associationbe appointed by the Executive Councilto look into the total problem of academicinflation.

Election of Officers

At its October meeting COD recognized thatDr. John R. Hogness, with his new responsibilities as Executive Vice President at theUniversity of Washington at Seattle, could notbecome the Chairman of the Council ofDeans and, therefore, reluctantly acceptedhis resignation.

The COD also accepted the recommendation of the Nominating Committee, and thefollowing officers were elected: Dr. CharlesC. Sprague, Texas-Southwestern, Chairman;Dr. Merlin K. DuVal, Arizona, Chairmal/Elect; and Dr. Ralph J. Cazort, Meharry, Dr.Wilham F. Maloney, Tufts, Dr. ShermanM. Mellinkolf, California-Los Angeles, andDr. David E. Rogers, Johns Hopkins, AAMCExeclltil'e COlll/cil Represelllatil"es.

Bylaws of the CoucH of Deans of theAssociation of Al11crican :McdicalCoIlcgcs*

The CounCil of Deans wa~ establishedwith the adoption of amended Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Association ofAmerIcan Medical ColJeges by the Institutional Membership on November 4, 1968.

Section I. Namc

The name of the organization shalJ be theCouncli of Deans of the Association ofAmwcan Medical ColJeges

Scction 2. Purposc

As stated in the Bylaws of the Associationof American Medical ColJeges (Section 11),the purpose of this Council shalJ be (a) toproVide for special activities in important areasof medical education; (b) WIth the approvalof the Executive Council to appoint standingcommittees and staff to develop, implement,and sustain program actiVIty; (c) for the purposes of particular emphasIS, need, or timeliness, to appomt ad hoc committees and studygroups; (d) to develop facts and information; (e) to calJ national, regional, and localmeetings for the presentation of papers and

• As adopted October 31, 1969.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

studies, discussion of issues, or decision as to aposition to recommend related to a particulararea of actIVIty; (f) to recommend action tothe Executive Council on matters of interestto the whole Association and concerning whichthe AssociatIon should consider developing aposition; and (g) to report at least annuallyto the Assembly and to the Executive Council.

Scction 3.l\Iemhership

(a) Members of the Council of Deans shallbe the deans of those medical schools andcolleges which are members of the Associationof American Medical Colleges as defined in theAAMC Bylaws: Institutional Members andProvisional Institutional Members For thepurposes of these Bylaws the dean shalJ bethat individual who is charged by the institution with the direct responsibility for theoperation of the school of medicine.

(b) Voting rIghts in the Council of Deansshall be as defined in the AAMC Bylaws: eachdean of a medical school or colJege which isan Institutional Member or a Provisional Institutional Member whIch has admitted itsfirst class shalJ be entitled to each 1 votein the Council of Deans.

(e) If a dean who is entitled to vote in theCouncil of Deans is unable to be present at ameeting, that individual whom he shall designate in writing to the Chairman shallexercise the privilege of voting for that deanat that specific meeting. A designation of asubstitute shall require separate and writtennotificatIon for each such meeting.

Section 4. Officers and AdministrativeBoard

(a) The officers of the Council of Deansshall be a Chairman and a Chairman-Elect.The Chairman shall be, ex-officio, a memberof an committees of the Council of Deans.

(b) The term of office of all officers shall befor one year. An officers shall serve untiltheir successors are elected; provided. however,that the ChaIrman may not succeed himselfuntil after at least one year has elapsed fromthe end of his term of office

(e) Officers will be elected annually at thetIme of the Annual Meeting of the Association of American Medical Coneges.

(d) There shan be an Administrative Boardcomposed of the Chairman, the ChairmanElect, and I other member elected from theCounCil of Deans at the time of the AnnualMeeting. It shan also include those deanswho are elected aL members of the ExecutiveCouncil of the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges.

(e) If the Chairman is absent or unable to

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serve, the Chairman-Elect of the Council ofDeans shall serve in his place and assumehis functions If the Chairman-Elect succeeds the Chairman before the expiration of histerm of office, such service shall not disqualifythe Chairman-Elect from servIng a full termas Chairman.

(j) The Chairman of the Council of Deansshall appoint a Nominating Committee of notless than 5 voting members of the Councilwho shall be chosen with due regard for regIOnal representation. This Committee willsolicit nominations from the voting membersfor elective positions vacant on the ExecutiveCouncil and Administrative Board. Fromthese nominat!ons a slate will be drawn, withdue regard for regional representation, andwill be presented to the voting members ofthe Council of Deans at least two weeks before the Annual Meeting at which the electIonswdl be held. AddItional nominations maybe made at the time of the meeting.

(g) The Admimstrative Board shall be theexecutIve committee to manage the affaIrs ofthe CouncIl of Deans, to perform duties prescribed In the Bylaws, to carry out the policiesestablished by the CouncIl of Deans at Itsmeetings, and to take any necessary interimaction on behalf of the CouncIl that is required. The actions of the AdministratIveBoard shall be subject to ratIfication by theCouncil at its next regular meeting.

The Administrative Board shall also servethe CouncIl ofDeans as a Committee on Committees, WIth the Chairman-Elect serving asIts Chairman when it so functions.

Section 5. Meetings, Quorums. andParliamentary Procedure

(a) Regular meetings of the Council ofDeans shall be held in conjunction with the


The Council of Teaching Hospitals (COTH)completed its third year of operation October,1969. Its membership now totals 363 hospitals.

Meetings

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

The COTH Executive Committee met fourtimes during the year: January 9 and 10,February 8, May 8 and 9, and September 11and 12. The committee continued to reviewcorn programs and committee activity.

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AAMC Annual Meeting and with the AMACongress on Medical Education.

(b) Special meetmgs may be called as setforth in the AAMC Bylaws.

(c) RegIOnal meetmgs will be held at leasttwice annually as set forth In the Bylaws of theAAMC

(d) A simple majority of the voting members shall constItute a quorum.

(e) Formal actions may be taken only atmeetings at which a quorum IS present Atsuch meetings decisIOns wdl be made by amajority of those present and voting.

(j) Where parliamentary procedure IS atissue Robert's Rules of Order shall prevail.

Section 6. Operation and Relationships

(a) The Council of Deans shall report tothe Executive Councd of the AAMC andshall be represented on the Executive Councdof the AAMC by members nommated byvoting members of the Council of Deans.

(b) Creation of standing committees andany major actIons shall be taken only afterrecommendation to and approval from theExecutive Councd of the AAMC.

Section 7. Amendments

These Bylaws may be altered, repealed, oramended, or new Bylaws adopted by a twothirds vote of the voting members present andvotIng at any annual meeting of the membership of the Council of Deans for whichthirty days' pnor written notIce of the Bylaws' change has been gIVen, provided thatthe total number of the votes cast for thechanges constitute a majonty of the Council'smembership

REGIONAL GROUPS

The COTH convened in the followingregional meetings: Northeastern Group onApril 16 in New York; Midwestern/GreatPlains Group on May 1 in Chicago; WesternGroup on April 18 in San Francisco; andSouthern Group on April 29-30 in Atlanta.

Committee on Financial Principlesfor Teaching Hospitals

On March 11, 1969 the AAMC Committee onFederal Health Programs reviewed the issues

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ofmedicare and medicaid. It was the consensusof the Federal Health Programs Committeethat responsibility for these issues should mosteffectively be handled by an enlarged AAMCCommittee on Financial Principles to includerepresentation from the Council of AcademicSocieties, Council of Deans, and Council ofTeaching Hospitals. This committee was dulyconstituted.

At its first meeting on June 27, 1969 theCommittee recommended that Dr. John A. D.Cooper establish a Presidential Ad Hoc Committee on Medicare Reimbursement of Physicians in a Teaching Setting composed ofrepresentatives of the 3 councils to develop aposition on this issue. The committee met onJuly 24 and began drafting the statement.

Committee on Modernization andConstruction Funds for TeachingHospitals

This committee met on June 6, 1969. Included on the agenda was discussion of theAAMC testimony presented before the Subcommittee on Public Health and Welfare ofthe House of Representatives Committee onInterstate and Foreign Commerce in supportof legislation to extend and expand the HillBurton Act and plans for the presentation ofsomewhat similar testimony before the HealthSubcommittee of the Senate Committee onLabor and Public Welfare. Testimony beforethe House Subcommittee was presented byDr. David E. Rogers, Dean, Johns Hopkins,and Richard T. Viguers, Administrator, NewEngland Medical Center Hospital. Testimonybefore the Senate Committee was presented onJune 19, 1969 by Fred J. Hughes, Member,Board of Regents, University of Minnesota;Dr. Robert B. Howard, Chairman-Elect,AAMC; and Ted Bowen, Administrator,Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.

AAMC testimony presented before theHouse of Representatives Subcommittee onAppropriations for Department of Health,Education, and Welfare was reviewed. Amongsupportive statements for authorizations contained in the Health Manpower Act andNIH programs was urgent recommendation

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

for approval of $258 million budgeted for theHill-Burton program.

The position paper entitled, "Meeting Society's Expectations for Excellence in Serviceand Education," approved at the InstitutionalMembership meeting in November, 1968, waspublished and distributed to the membershipand to members of Congress. This statementwas also included in the testimony in supportof Hill-Burton legislation presented before theHouse and Senate Committees.

This committee will continue with its effortsto identify and made more visible to the executive and legislative branches of the federalgovernment, as well as to the public, theunique capital financing needs for modernization and construction of teaching hospitals.

Department of Health, Education,and Welfare Contracts

TEACHING HOSPITAL INFORMATION CENTER

On April 26, 1%8 AAMC entered intoa fourteen-month contract with the NationalCenter for Health Services Research and Development to establish a Teaching HospitalInformation Center. Effective June 27, 1969the contract was renewed for an additionaltwelve months to continue both developmentof the center and survey research efforts. AnAdvisory Committee for this project wasappointed in December, 1968. The committeemet in January and April, 1969. The information center has initiated survey efforts in 4major areas: house staff economics, role ofthe teaching hospital in community services,teaching hospital executive salaries, and sourcesof capital financing for teaching hospitals.The center also has investigated and accumulated information and data on other subjectmatter of particular pertinence to teachinghospitals. Both information and research results will be intended to serve as a documentary resource for teaching hospital directorsand medical school deans.

STUDY TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTS OF P.L.

89-97 ON TEACHING HOSPITALS

On January 2,1%9 AAMC was awarded a$210,327 two-year contract from the Bureau

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of Health Professions Education and Manpower Training, Division of Physician Manpower, to study the influences of P.L. 89-97upon teaching hospitals. The specific focusof this study, referred to as COTHMED, willbe the effect the implementation of TitleXVIII and Title XIX has had upon trainingprograms for medical students and house staff,medical research, and the delivery of healthservices within teaching hospitals. An Advisory

Accreditation

Accreditation ofundergraduate medical education is the responsibility of the Liaison Committee on Medical Education which is a jointcommittee of the AAMC Executive Counciland the AMA Council on Medical Education. This national accrediting agency wasorganized in 1942. Although accrediation remains its major function, the last year hasseen it and subgroups derived from it broadentheir areas of concern.

Dr. John Parks occupied the Chair of thecommittee until December 31, 1968, when itpassed to Dr. William R. Willard. Dr. ChevesMcC. Smythe served as Secretary until June30, 1969, when this position rotated to Dr.Hayden C. Nicholson.

Surveys During 1968-69

During the 1968-69 academic year eitherregularly scheduled or revisit surveys oftwentyone medical schools were completed. The programs in undergraduate medical education ofthe following schools were approved and accredited: Alabama, Alberta, Baylor, California-Irvine, Chicago Medical, Cincinnati,Creighton, Dartmouth, Florida, Georgetown,Marquette, Minnesota, Mississippi, New YorkMedical, New York University, Pittsburgh,Rochester, Saskatchewan, Tennessee, Vermont, Western Ontario, and Yale.

Shorter visits were paid to nine develop109 schools. The provisional accreditationpreviously accorded Arizona, California-SanDiego, Connecticut, Sherbrooke, and TexasSan Antonio were continued until each graduates its first class of students. Brown University had taken a first class through the

353

Committee has been appointed to assist indeveloping and carrying out the study. Todetermine the cost and feasibility of obtainingextensive and precise data on the impact ofmedicare and medicaid upon teaching hospitals, data will be obtained from all COTHmembers by a survey questionnaire and by adetailed study of 9 representative teachinghospitals. Work on these phases of the studyis now in progress.

equivalent of a two-year curriculum. This wasapproved, and its full accreditation was recommended as well as its membership in theAAMC.

Initial or intermediate visits were paid toLouisiana State University-Shreveport, Memorial University, Ohio-Toledo, and South Florida. Provisional accreditation of the first 3 wasrecommended and approved, but it was recommended that the program at South Florida bereevaluated subsequent to further planning.

Letters of reasonable assurance in connection with major expansion of undergraduatemedical school enrollments were provided toAlbany, Cincinnati, Emory, Florida, Minnesota, and Washington-Seattle.

Meetings

During meetings held on July 9, 1968 and onJanuary 7 and May 21, 1969, several significant actions were taken:

1. Guidelines will be formulated with theBureau of Health Professions Education andManpower Training to assist developingschools and expanding schools in establishingtheir accreditation status as well as securingfiscal support for their programs.

2. The Liaison Committee was enlarged tofourteen members, six each from the AMAand AAMC, and one from the staff of eachorganization.

3. The annual financial questionnaire willbe sent directly to medical school businessofficers. The questionnaire has also been enlarged, and data for more than one year'soperation are being sought.

4. A new set of presurvey forms was drafted

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and is to be used on a pilot basis during sixsurveys in the 1969-70 academic year. Theseforms are designed to produce somewhat moredetailed data which are more readily processedelectronically.

5. A subcommittee was appointed to examine Liaison Committee accreditation procedures with the goal of making them moreobjective and more thorough.

Surveys Scheduled, 1969-70

During the 1969-70 academic year, regularvisits are scheduled to the following medicalschools: Boston University, British Columbia,Case Western Reserve, Illinois, Louisiana

Continuing Education

Since the 1968 Annual Meeting the Committeeon Continuing Education met on four occasions. In addition to planning the programfor the Eighth Annual Conference on Continuing Medical Education which was presentedon October 30, 1969, the committee formulatedthe following Resolution and Recommendations which were forwarded to the Association for consideration by the ExecutiveCouncil. The Executive Council consideredthis Resolution and the Recommendations,and its mitial deliberations were reported onOctober 30.

Resolution and Recommendations

It is with a sense of urgency that the Committee on Continuing Education submits thefollowing resolution and recommendations.The members of the committee, long experienced in continuing medical education, findthat there is much evidence, nationwide, ofnew and increased interest in continuingeducation, not only for physicians, but for allmembers of the health care team.

The time has come for the Association tourge its member institutions to assume responsibility for continuing education as one oftheir primary educational activities. We believe the administration of the Associationshould take the initiative in developing mechanisms which will assist its member institutionswith their programs of continuing education.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

State University, North Dakota, Northwestern, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, TexasGalveston, Utah, Medical College of Virginia, Washington-Seattle, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Woman's Medical.

Other scheduled visits include Howard,Lorna Linda, Manitoba, Meharry, New Jersey,Ottawa, Saint Louis, and Stritch.

Visits to developing medical schools include California-Davis, California-San Diego,Hawaii, McMaster, Michigan State, MountSinai, Pennsylvania State, and Texas-SanAntonio. Visits are also scheduled to the developing programs at Nevada and SUNYStony Brook.

Following are the committee's recommendations. These are submitted for approval andadoption by the Association. They are presented as: (a) a resolution, (b) functions of theCommittee on Continuing Education, (c)functions of the proposed Division of Continuing Education, (d) activities of the Committee on Continuing Education, (e) activitiesof the proposed Division of Continuing Education, (f) job description of the Director ofthe proposed Division of Continuing Education, and (g) Division of Continuing Education personnel structure and budget.

A Resolution

WHEREAS the primary duty of Ihe phYSicianis to provide the highest quahty of medicalcare, andWHEREAS medical knowledge is expandingconstantly and it follows that the inescapableduty of every physician in practice is to keephis professional knowledge and skills up-todate, andWHEREAS the universities, being the primary medical education sources, have (a) theteachers, (b) the body of knowledge, (c) theunderstanding of the teaching-learning process, and (d) the experience in organizing theseresources into effective educatIOnal programs,andWHEREAS medical education IS an endlesscontinuum from undergraduate basiC scienceand clinical education, through graduate andcontinumg education, the divisions betweenthe various stages being artificial and oftenvague, and

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WHEREAS the Association of AmericanMedical Colleges is the national organizatIon representing medical colleges and teach109 hospitals, andWHEREAS high quality health care oftenrequires the participatIon of informed healthprofessionals functIoning together,THEREFORE be it resolved that (a) theAssociation of American Medical Collegesassume a leadership role and place among itsprimary concerns the development of continuing medical education, (b) the Associationof AmerIcan Medical Colleges recommend toits member institutions that they recognizecontinuing education as one of their primaryfunctions, and (c) the ASSOCIation ofAmericanMedical Colleges estabhsh a Division of Continumg Education, or other appropriate administrative unit, to assist in these roles ofdevelopment and leadership.

Functions of the COlnmittee onContinuing Education

Functions of the Committee on ContinuingEducation will be: (a) to recommend to theExecutive Council continuing education policy; (b) to provide direction to the efforts ofthe Division of Continuing Education (Toaccomplish this, it is suggested that all majoractivities of the Division be presented to theCommittee for its recommendations.); (c) tostimulate interest in continuing education bythe Association and its membership (See suggested Activities of the Committee on Continuing Education.); (d) to serve as an information resource to the Association in its functions and interrelationships concerned withcontinuing education; (e) to foster the conceptof self-motivated learning for the entire spanof education and training for the medical profession and health sciences; and (j) to assist theAssociation in its search for financial supportof the Division of Continuing Education.

Functions of the Proposed Division ofContinuing Education

Functions of the proposed Division of Continuing Education will be: (a) to foster andcarry out studies and research in continuingeducation (See items fa] and [b] under Activities of the Proposed Division of Continuing Education.); (b) to be prepared to receive

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advice and counsel from institutions, organizations, and governmental agencies involved incontinuing education and to be prepared toprovide advice and counsel to these groups;(c) to provide forums and other means of communication concerning education to the membership of the Association (See item [c] underActivities of the Proposed Division of Continuing Education.); (d) to provide consultation and advice in continuing education to themembership of the Association (See item [d]under Activities of the Proposed DiVIsion ofContinuing Education ); (e) to serve as an information resource on continuing educationfor the staff of the Association; and (f) to carryout such staff functions as may be appropriateto support the activities of the Committee onContinuing Education.

Activities of the Committee onContinuing Education

Proposed activities of the Committee on Continuing Education include: (a) development ofstaff paper to define mutual benefits of continuing education programs to medical educational institutions and their service regionsand (b) improvement of the Annual Meetingon Continuing Education of the ASSOCIatIOnof American Medical Colleges.

Activities of the Proposed Division ofContinuing Education

Activities of the proposed Division of Continuing Education include: (a) e5tabhshmentof an annual data base on continuing education functions and activIties in medical colleges; (b) review of accreditation program activities as they relate to evaluation of medicalschool activities in continuing education, suchas the Liaison Committee on Medical Education and the AMA Continuing EducatIOn Accreditation; (c) establishment of annual regional AAMC meetings for medical schooldirectors of continuing education; and (d)

consultation service for schools wishing toinitiate, augment, or improve their efforts incontinuing medical education.

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Job Description of the Director of theProposed Division of ContinuingEducation

The Director will be responsible to: (a) organize the "Office of the Division of ContinuingEducation"; (b) prepare detailed plans foraccomplishing the mission of the Division;(c) delineate the duties of personnel of theDivision and define the responsibilities andauthority of each; (d) recruit and recommendto the AAMC, with the advice of the Committee on Continuing Education, candidatesfor the position of Assistant Director andAssistant Director for Research; (e) act aschief executive officer to the professional staffof the Division and cause to be kept appropriate minutes and transactions to be submittedto the Committee on Continuing Educationand to his appropriate AAMC superior; (j)prepare an Annual Report of activities of theDivision; (g) act as secretary to the Committeeon Continuing Education; (h) assist the chairman of the Committee on Continuing Education in preparing its Committee agenda; (I)transmit to the Committee on ContinuingEducation all major matters affecting the Division including those originating in the Division office, at other levels of AAMC, andfrom other sources; U) implement decisionsand facilitate activities of the Committee thathave been approved by the Executive Councilor that are otherwise in accord with establishedpolicies of the AAMC; and (k) develop andmaintain liaison with the appropriate staff ofinstitutions, organizations, and governmentalagencies involved in continuing education.

Division of Continuing EducationPersonnel Structure and Budget

The proposed first-year budget is as follows:Director, $35,000; one secretary, $6,000;equipment, $5,000; consumable supplies,$4,000; travel, $8,000; miscellaneous (telephone, mailings, etc.), $8,000; and consultants,$8,000. For the second year the budget provides: $37,000 for a Director, $26,000 for anAssistant Director, $20,000 for an AssistantDirector for Research, $18,000 for 3 secretaries, $12,000 for equipment, $8,000 for con-

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

sumable supplies, $15,000 for travel, $15,000for miscellaneous, and $15,000 for consultants.The total first-year budget has been set at$74,000, and the second year at $166,000.

AAMC ResponseOn August 27, 1969 Dr. John A. D. Cooper,President ofthe AAMC, wrote to Dr. Frank M.Woolsey, Jr., Chairman of the committee, toreport the deliberations and actions of theExecutive Council on the "Resolution andRecommendations." That letter follows:

At the April 9, 1969 Executive Councilmeeting, the "Resolution and Recommendations" formulated by the Committee on Continuing Education were considered. TheCouncil agreed that there was a need for amore vigorous program in this area, and tookthe following ACfION:

"... the Executive Council voted toauthorize and support the President inmoving forward to develop a formal program as recommended, and exploring thepossibilities of external funding to thatend."The Executive Committee of the Executive

Council, at its June 23, 1969 meeting, discussed the subject again when two specialtysocieties applied for AAMC membership. Itwas pointed out that the educational aspects ofthese organizations related to continuingeducation. The suggestion at that time thatanother Council be formed did not receivesupport. Rather, the Executive Committeetook the following ACfION:

"It was recommended that the matter bereferred to the Council of AcademicSocieties for their recommendation."As you may know the Council is also con

sidering participating in the formation of aCommission on Medical Education with theAMA, AHA, and other associations whichwould have as one of its areas of concerncontinuing education.

Though there is strong support in principlefor the development of a program to dealwith continuing medical education we haveneither the staff or financing to undertake thisimmediately. Furthermore the Council feelswe should resolve the matters discussed abovebefore taking any definitive steps within theAssociatIOn.

Your Committee has done a great deal ofwork and we are grateful for the time andeffort they put into the study and report. Continuing education is an important area forthe Association and we have to determinethe most appropriate way for us to proceed

Education Advisory Committee to the Veterans Administration

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in relation to the activities of other organizations.

ConclusionThe Committee on Continuing Medical Education met again on October 29, 1969. It

The committee met on October 18, 1968 inWashington, D.C., on February 3, 1969 inNew Orleans, and on May 17, 1969 in Washington, D.C. Since then, significant changeswere made in the VA: on June 19, Mr. Donald E. Johnson took the oath of office as theAdministrator of Veterans Affairs, and onMay 29, Mr. Fred B. Rhodes became the newDeputy Administrator.

Functions

EXCHANGE OF MEDICAL INFORMATION

The first function of the committee relatesto the responsibilities of the committee underP.L. 89-785. The law specifically provides forthe establishment of an Advisory Subcommittee for Programs for Exchange of MedicalInformation (PEMI) of the Special MedicalAdvisory Group (SMAG). This subcommitteeadvises the Administrator and Chief MedicalDirector (CMD) regarding exchange of medical information. The purpose is 2-fold: (a)to encourage exchange of medical informationand techniques between medical schools,hospitals, research centers, and individualmembers of the medical profession and VAhospitals and (b) to create, to the maximumextent possible, an environment of academicmedicine at each VA hospital. This subcommittee makes recommendations to the Administrator and CMD relative to grants tomedical schools, hospitals, and research centers about the exchange of medical information. The law authorized appropriations not toexceed $3 million for each of four fiscal yearsbeginning in FY-68. Actual appropriationshave amounted to $900,000 in FY-68; $974,000in FY-69; and $2,000,000 in FY-70. Under thisprogram every nonaffiliated and remote VAhospital will be involved. The VA expertise in

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decided to continue, even more forcefully, tourge action by the Association and to reiterateits position to the Executive Council. Plansare to press forward with the "Resolutionand Recommendations."

medical care, education, and research willreach into many communities through arrangements for local practitioners to share inthis dissemination of knowledge.

EDUCATION ADVISORY CO~L\lrrrEE TO VA

As an Education Advisory Committee tothe Department of Medicine and Surgery, thecommittee advises the Director, EducationService, and the CMD about all other aspectsof VA's education and training program notdirectly related to the responsibilities of thecommittee under PEMI. This function of thecommittee is extremely important since theCongress gave the VA a powerful mandate forlarge-scale health manpower training. P.L.89-785 specifies education as a function of theDepartment of Medicine and Surgery of theVA. "In order to more effectively carry out thefunctions imposed on the Department ofMedicine and Surgery ... the Administratorshall carry out a program of training and education of health service personnel, acting incooperation with schools of medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, and nursing; other institutions of higher learning; medical centers,hospitals; and such other public or non-profitagencies, institutions, or organizations as theAdministrator deems appropriate." Althoughthe VA has engaged for a number of years inthe teaching of health personnel, this activityhad never before received statutory recognition.

LIAISON WITH AAMC

The third function of the committee relatesto its liaison activities between the AAMC,the VA, the Deans Committees of the VAhospitals, and the medical schools.

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VA Education and Training LongRange Projection

Fortified by recent legislation encouraging theagency to conduct education and training ofhealth manpower, the VA has planned amarked expansion of existent training and thedevelopment of new programs adapted to therapidly changing demands of American medicine.

The long-range objective of the VA byFY-75 is to expand its current training programof approximately 38,000 (June 30, 1969) professionals and aIlied health personnel to87,000 persons annually. The largest increaseswill be in the training of aIlied health groupswith more modest expansion of physicians,dentists, and nurses. The number of medicalstudents assigned to VA hospitals will be increased as existing affiliations with medicalschools are expanded. Additional trainingprograms will be initiated as new medicalschools are established in affiliation with VAhospitals.

Career Development Program

The purpose of this program is to train increased numbers of physicians and dentists toassume patient care, teaching, and researchresponsibilities in VA hospitals in the future.The program is designed to increase the interchange and intermingling of professional personnel between VA and affiliated medicalcenters, achieve optimal utilization of facilities and resources, and further academic excellence and maturity. All of these programsare administered through peer review. Outstanding consultants and VA personnel comprise the selection committees for these positions. The number of persons trained in thevarious career programs in FY-70 is: 6 seniormedical investigators, 5 medical investigators,60 clinical investigators, 134 research andeducation associates, and 160 research andeducation trainees.

Distinguished Physician Program

The Distinguished Physician Program hasbeen established to bring physicians into theVA system who have made very significant

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

contributions to medical science and have attained exceptional professional stature overlong and distinguished careers.

Dr. William A. Castle, the first Distinguished Physician, appeared before the committee to discuss his experience and to sharehis concepts about the objectives of the program and ideas about selection procedures.Dr. Castle is stationed at VA Hospital, WestRoxbury, Massachusetts, and serves on aVA-wide basis as consultant, lecturer, and inother teaching capacities.

The committee has assumed the responsibility for nominating and recommending physicians for the Distinguished Physician Program.It is anticipated that VA will be able to increase the number of physicians in this program from the current one physician to ten ortwenty by FY-75.

Educational Program

A number of programs that were approved bythe committee and described in detail in lastyear's report, have now been implemented.Among these are (a) closed circuit two-wayTV communication linking the NebraskaPsychiatric Institute and three VA hospitals inNebraska and teleconsultation between theMassachusetts General Hospital and VAHospital in Bedford; (b) coordinated use oflectures and videotapes or 8mm cartridgeloaded films by sixty VA hospitals through arrangements with the University of CaliforniaMedical Television Network; (c) developmentin cooperation with the National MedicalAudiovisual Center in Atlanta of a distribution system for audiovisuals through the useof fifty-three VA hospitals in the Eastern U.S.,(d) continuation of an extended educationalleave system using the VA Hospital, Washington, D.C., as a base; and (e) affiliation of theVA Hospital in Muskogee with the Universityof Oklahoma Medical Center.

The utl1ization of computerized informationhas been incorporated into the following exchange of medical information pilot programs'

1. At the 1969 Annual Meeting of theAmerican Gastroenterological Association, aseries of four self·administered examinationswere presented by means of computer-linked

Educational MeasureInent and Research

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teaching machines. Development of this project was funded by the VA through the exchange of medical information program. Itsprincipal objective was to demonstrate thecapability of a self-administered examinationto attract, challenge, and satisfy participantsand accurately measure their knowledge of arestricted area in twenty minutes.

2. The University of Alabama, under agrant from the Veterans Administration, is inthe process of establishing a complete andfully operational tumor registry encompassingthe patient populations of the University ofAlabama Hospital and the four VA hospitalsin the state. The project will include automatmg and computerizing the registry mechanismsto achieve integration of all records and tocarry out additional follow-up of patients.This project will be made available as a teaching demonstration and for structured trainingprograms to practicing physicians as well asinterns, residents, and undergraduate medicalstudents.

Residents and Interns

The committee would like to emphasize to themembers the status of several major concerns.

Continuing activities in educational measurement and research are the Medical CollegeAdmission Test (MCAT) program, the biochemistry placement examination project, andthe Annual Conference on Research in MedicalEducation (RIME). Two special studies thatwere initiated during the year in connectionwith the MCAT program were on the educational background and career plans of allMCAT examinees and on the possibility ofminority-group bias in the MCAT. Also, theuse of personality measurement in the selection and evaluation of medical students wasexplored.

1\1CAT Progralll

The MCAT program is conducted under theaegis of the MCAT Advisory Committee. Thiscommittee deals primarily with operational aspects of the program.

Because of the relocation of the AAMC

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More than a year ago, the committee indicatedits great concern about the free movement ofresidents and interns in integrated programs.This had led to a series of steps beginning withthe index hospital concept of establishing ratesof pay for VA interns and residents. Threeadditional related matters are now in development: (a) establishment of a position of ChiefResident within the VA; (b) publication ofguidelines for residents' involvement in suchareas as teaching and community healthservices as part of their training and for whichadditional compensation might be allowable;(c) simplification of scheduling, bookkeeping,leave practices, and other administrative procedures. H.R. 11427 and S. 2363 have beenintroduced to provide legislative authority forthe Administrator of Veterans Affairs to enterinto agreements with hospitals, medicalschools, and medical installations for thecentral administration of training programs forinterns and residents. Such central administration would eliminate the problems mentioned.

The committee believes these arc meaningful, constructive steps toward implementmgtheir resolutions reported last year.

offices from Evanston, Illinois to Washington r

D.C., the existing contract with The Psychological Corporation was extended through December 31, 1969, instead of being terminatedon June 30, 1969. Beginning with the May,1970 MCAT administration, AAMC will beresponsible for reporting MCAT scores tomedical schools and to MCAT exammees,while test administration and scoring will continue to be performed by extramural contract.At the same time, the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) will become fully operational with applications forthe 1971 entering classes and will begin tofurnish the data required for a major evaluation of the MCAT program.

A questionnaire to provide data concerningthe educational background and career plansof all MCAT examinees was first administeredin May, 1968. The same questionnaire wasadministered with the MCAT again in Oc-

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tober, 1968, and a revised version was administered at the May, 1969 testing. This revised version added three questions regardingsocioeconomic status to an existing questionconcerning racial background to elicit data onthe qualifications of minority-group applicants. These questions were included as optional items.

Biochemistry Placement Examination ProjectDuring the last year steady progress has beenmade in the development of a biochemistry

Federal Health Prograllls*It must by now be apparent to everyone thatthe traditional charge to the Federal HealthPrograms Committee-which is to assurefavorable consideration of the needs of medical education and research by the Congresshas this year been grievously difficult to carryout. Nor do we yet know what the results ofour activities will prove to be. In this extraordinary fiscal year, now nearly half gone,there is still no appropriation, no definiteknowledge as to when Congress will finallytake action, no knowledge whatever as towhat the action will be when it is taken. Ishould like nevertheless to report on the activities of the Federal Health Programs Committee, past and continuing, and to show youthat the Association's case, whatever the budget turns out to be, has been clearly stated toboth Congress and the Administration and isin process of being placed before the public,something which, at this particular time, is allimportant.

Policy 011 Appropriations

Our first task was to evolve a stand to betaken on our needs in this particular fiscalyear, and we began, in a series of meetings, towork on this, well before we knew what thenew Administration would recommend. Youwill recall that the Johnson Administration

* Presented by the Chairman, Dr. Carleton B.Chapman, before the Second Annual Assembly ofthe Association of Amencan Medical Colleges,November 3,1969, Cincmnati, Ohio.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

placement examination. In March a preliminary test outline was circulated to biochemistry department chairmen at medical schoolsacross the country for differential weightingand suggested revisions. Limited testing of incoming medical students was done in the fallof 1969 in a number of schools. In mid-1970,students who are completing their first andsecond years at selected schools will be testedin order to obtain some normative data. Theproject will be fully operational in the summerand fall of 1970.

submitted a budget just before it went out ofoffice and that the incoming Administrationthen modified the Johnson budget. The neteffect was a dangerous reduction in manycategories.

Working with all the information and counsel we could assemble, we finally came up withrecommendations that some of the cuts inappropriations for Health Manpower not onlybe restored but that funds be voted to thelimits authorized in the original legislation.This included the basic and special improvement grant categories, teaching construction,and the much-discussed student aid provision.I winced a bit when I listened two days ago toa student speaker who said that, to his knowledge, student groups were the only ones thathad pressed for restoration of funds for studentaid. His knowledge was, to say the least, incomplete. Actually, the incoming Administration, by what seemed to us to be a disturbinglyarbitrary process, cut the sum to the levelsmentioned earlier today. Our own recommendation was for the full amount for which themedical schools had earlier shownjustification.We placed this recommendation, by a numberof methods, before key Congressmen, members of the Administration, and various educational groups and are still hard at it. It wasand is not merely a matter of putting such arecommendation in formal testimony; and thewhole process of seeing that the real need isfully understood is taking an appalling amountof time especially on the part of our President.

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Student efforts to remedy the matter have beenmost impressive. But they have not laboredalone, and the battle is not yet over.

As for the NIH appropriation, we focused,for good reason, on bringing the appropriationfor training grants, which had been the subjectof recommendations for very significant reductions, up to a workable level. We alsourged the restoration of funds for researchconstruction at least to the degree that theprogram is kept alive.

And there were other recommendations.The total stand was painfully and carefullyworked out in consultation with our ownCouncils of Academic Societies and TeachingHospitals, as well as with other groups.

We delivered these recommendations astestimony before the House Subcommitteewhich gave every evidence of having alreadymade up its mind to support the present Administration's budgetary cuts. In fact, onlythe Chairman, Mr. Flood of Pennsylvania, waspresent; and he gave us a hearing that can bestbe described as disinterested.

The House action was, as you know, tosupport all the cuts recommended by thepresent Administration.

At present, the Senate Subcommittee hearings are in progress and, in due course, we willstate our case before them. But meantime, wehave spent a great deal of time working withkey Committee members and have some assurance that they understand the prodigiousdifficulties that will face the medical schools ifthe House action is not modified. We havealso obtained full support for our stand fromthe Association of American Universities andother groups. Most of our package is also supported fully by the AMA and the Federationof Associated Schools of the Health Professions. We have, in addition, worked veryclosely with the Ad Hoc Committee on FullFunding, which accepts fully our point ofview.

There are many other items which would betoo tedious to list in detail. But as to the allimportant approach to the public, a great dealis in process mostly as a result ofJohn Cooper'slabors. In my opinion, the Association's greatest weakness in the past has been in failing to

361

develop a vigorous and active mechanism forstating its case to the public. This is rapidlybeing remedied but cannot be set right overnight. Already, however, certain of the nation's most prominent newspapers are conveying our message in news stories and editorials, and prominent weeklies and monthliesare doing the same.

What Now?

But what happens next? First, the Senate mustact and, unless it agrees with the House action,differences must be settled in conference. Wecannot yet know what the Senate action willbe, but we have some reason for a hopefuloutlook. The conference process, if it occurs,will be difficult; yet at each of these stages it ispossible for us to work toward a reasonableoutcome. The final problem \vill, of course, beto induce the Bureau of the Budget to spendthe money once it is appropriated. This is alsoa point at which we hope some leverage can beexerted, and we will miss no opportunity to doso.

But what, in addition to all this, should nowbe done? The Federal Health Programs Committee can claim no exclusive knowledge in thisgeneral area and welcomes any suggestionsany of our constituents may have. The proposed march on Washington might be oneway, still open to us, to influence events. I ambound to say, however, that there are moreeffective ways. We are not, numerically orqualitatively, a major political force and, whileI am sure some members of Congress wouldreceive our members cordially, I do not believea march would help much.

The grass roots technique, however, stillneeds to be applied and this can be done intwo ways. First, each of us should reread thetestimony that represents the Association'sstand. Then each of us should, if we have notalready done so, demonstrate by specific example what the cuts will do to our own medicalschools and centers. This information shouldthen be conveyed to the local press and to ourown Congressional delegations. It is particularly important for deans who have, or candevelop, access to key Congressmen-members of the Senate Appropriations Committee

International 1\'ledical Education

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and of the Conference Committee when itsmembership becomes known-to do soquickly. And the problems should be statedvery strongly in terms of the effects the proposed cuts will have on institutions within theareas from which these men are elected. Whatit amounts to is that our Committee and thenational office can state the case in terrns of thegeneral effect the cuts will have in the nation;individual deans and faculties must do so interms of the expected effects on their own institutions, and no national committee can do thisas effectively as the man on the spot. We maybe able, of course, to help individual institutions develop their own stories, but, in anycase, this needs to be done quickly.

As to the future, we wil\ obviously be involved in budget battles for a long time tocome. There wil\ also, at some point, be newlegislation to cope with. There are many overlap areas in which the committee is involved,such as the problems with payments to teaching hospitals under Title XIX, questions concerning the Doctor's Draft, and the work ofvarious task forces in and out of the government.

And now, there is the matter of universalhealth insurance. Despite Roger Egeberg's"go slow" attitude toward compulsory healthinsurance, legislation of this sort is certain tosurface in the near future. What would its effect be on medical schools and teaching hospitals? The question is sufficiently serious thatour Association now needs to begin to put itself in a position to react when a compulsoryhealth insurance proposal comes under debate.I do not mean to convey the impression thatthe Association should oppose such legislation.On the contrary, we may well, if we keep our-

During the year, activities in internationalmedical education have been expanded. Thisprogram is under the aegis of the Committeeon International Relations in Medical Education.

Progl'ams and Projects Under AIDIAAl\lC ContractUnder the AID/AAMC contract of 1966,which was renewed for a nine-month extension

VOL, 45, MAY 1970

selves informed and prepared, be able to workfor better legislation. With this in mind, ourCommittee has asked that a task force be setup to study the matter and to keep the Association fully informed as the situation develops. Such a task force will require specialexpertise and will have to put in a lot of timeto cope with this complex problem. But ourCommittee feels very strongly that such a taskforce should be set up without delay.

Finally, I should like to point out thatunder John Cooper's leadership, the nationaloffice is developing a staff that is already making our Committee's work much simpler andmore effective. In fact, with a more effectivenational office, it may well be appropriate tostreamline the Federal Health Programs Committee and to turn over the whole process ofwriting and delivering testimony to Dr. Cooperand his staff. The Committee would then devote all its attention to developing policy andto giving Dr. Cooper the backing he needs inplacing the Association's views before thevarious segments of the federal government.

All this is currently under consideration. Wehope, of course, that there will be some relieffrom the budgetary strictures of the present,and we wish that there were some way to reassure you today about the outcome of Congressional action on the current budget. Iwould be irresponsible if I offered such reassurance. All I can say is that we are readyto do anything we can, over and above whathas already been done, to produce a favorableoutcome. And I remind you again that individual institutions are, at the moment, in apowerful position with regard to influencingtheir own communities and their own Congressmen in our favor.

beginning in June, 1969, AAMC is undertaking the following specific projects.

THE INSTITUTE ON MEDICAL EDUCATION AND

FAMILY PLANNING

This project was planned in order to bringoutstanding U.S. and Canadian medical educators together with leaders in family planningmovements abroad in order to deepen theirunderstanding of world population problems

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and increase the sense of urgency of medicalschools' commitments to educating medicalstudents in all the aspects of the world's population problem and the role of physicians andmedical schools in solving it. A total of 272persons participated in the Institute. The proceedings of the Institute were published asPart 2 of the November, 1969 issue of theJournal ofMedical Education and will be pubhshed in the February, 1970 issue of the IndianJournal of Medical Education.

STUDY OF INfERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF u.s.MEDICAL SCHOOLS

AAMC continued its project begun in Juneof] 968 and designed to determine the attitudesand interests of U.S. medical schools in international medical education, the commitmentof each school, and the nature of its involvement with the intention of ascertaining theavailability and types of U.S. resources potentially available to support international medIcaleducation. To this end, twenty site visitorssurveyed seven medical schools in the West,ten in the Midwest, sixteen in the South, andeighteen in the Northeast. The summary findmgs were discussed at the Annual Conferenceon International Medical Education onNovember 1 and will be published in early1970.

Support to Regional Associations ofMedical Schools

PAN AMERICAN FEDERATION OF ASSOCIATIONS

OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS (PAFAMS)

The Second Annual Conference on MedicalEducation in the Americas was held September22-24, 1969, convened by PAFAMS in conJunction with the Mexican Association ofMedical Schools, the School of Medicine ofthe National University, and the Institute ofSocial Security. The theme for the conferencewas "The Integration of Education in theHealth Professions."

ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN AFRICA

(AMSA)

The Eighth Annual Conference of theAMSA was held in Abidjan, Ivory Coast,April 15-]9, 1969. The Director of DIME

363

attended this conference in which fourteenAfrican medical schools represented elevencountries.

It is contemplated that the African Bureauof AID and AAMC will also cooperate in aproject involving an AMSA sponsoredConference on Family Health and MedicalEducation. This meeting is tentatively scheduled to be held in April, 1970 in Kampala,Uganda.

MIDDLE EAST ASSOCIATION OF MEDICAL

SCHOOLS (MEA~IS)

The Director of DIME participated In

preparatory meetings and in meetings of thedeans of 31 medical schools from ten countriesin the Middle East which culminated in theirsigning the constitution of the Association ofMedical Schools in the Middle East. The ceremony was held on December 12, 1968 in thePresidential Palace in Khartoum in the presence of the President of Sudan.

MissionsAn AAMC consultant group visited Liberiafrom September 30 through November 14,1969, at the request of AID, to advise AIDand Liberia regarding problems of staffingand management of the John F. KennedyMemorial Hospital. Specifically, the groupwas asked to: (a) analyze factors recognized incurrent historical review, (b) make a fieldevaluation of the Medical Center status withparticular reference to government's commitments, (c) discuss proposed recommendationswith the ambassador and mission director, and(d) present to the government recommendations following discussions with the ambassador and the mission director.

In August, Dr. Thomas H. Hunter, Chancellor for Medical Affairs of the University ofVirginia, made a fact-finding mission for AIDto Yaounde, the Cameroons. His purpose wasto obtain on-site information concerning theplans and development of the UniversityCenter for Health Sciences and to report hisfindings to AID.

AAMC/Public Health Service Fellowship ProgramIn July, 1967 the AAMC entered into a contract with the Public Health Service to ad-

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nllnlqer a program of international fellow~hlp, In medIcine, ,It the stuc!l:nt and youngfdlUlty !l:yel, to be earned out under U S.owned exec" forclgn currenCIC\ a\ allable Incertain countries The program I~ now entering It\ third )ear, follO\\lng t\VO )ears of concentrdtl:d planmng ,md mtenSI\e negotlatlOm

In the fir~t )ear, a pilot project for t\ventyU S ,tlllknb at the Gowrnment Ho,pltal,Tel Ha,homer, Israel, paved the \\,1)' for aprogr,1Il1 In 1969 that proVided for 70 studentfello,,- ships at three I,raell InstltullOn, theTel II:hhonwr GO\ ernment Ho,plt,l1, theHada,>,>.th \!fedl..:al Center, ami the RambamGoyernll1,'nt HChplt,11 In 1'169 there \\ereeIght) -nine applicant'> for the ~eYent) fellowship, avalldble at the three Israeli in,titutlOnsAltogether ~mce ItS inceptIOn the AAMC/PHS I cll0\\'>h1r Program hdS sent eight)mneFellow, from fort) -eight LT S schools to"rdel

De,lgm:d for student'> who have completeda major chmwl Clel I"Ship, the projects proVidefor rc'earch trammg In mechcal care tcchmque, \\ Ith empha'I' on problem, reldtmg topubhl he,l1th, dhlgnosl' ami treatment of dISease problem, ul1lque to Isrdel, ,md thestructure of medIcme m "r,lel. The proJecb al e"f three month,' duration, and the fellowshIpprOVides ,111 travel e',\wn,es and a ,upend foreach pd rtlupatmg U S stUllent

The three propo,ah \Ublllltted to the ProjectOlliler for pn'gr,lm, 111 Yug,),I,I\ 1,1 \vere negollated 111 1\la), cal h for a period of thre:e: ) car,The: progr,lm, arl' to be under the dllClllon ofthe ·\ndnJa Stdmpar School of Puhllc He,l1th.

Cm\e:r'lt) of 7agrcb, the Facult) of :\1cdlc1l1e.L:11I\er'lt) of Bclgrade, and the In,tltute ofPublic I Ie,lIth. Rcpuhllc of ~e:rbl,1 In Iklgr,lde

The: 146'1 progrdms \\ III be earned outSe:ptcmber I5-~o\ cmbcr 22 The ,1\ mlablllt)of thl' 'lugosl,l\ I ellem ,hlp, \\ a, ,lllnounce:d to

thl' U ~ SChllllb of 1lll'lhc1ne: on Apnl 29

Ihlft) Felll1\\' \\l'll' ,dected ,,,tecn 1<1 p,lrtlclp,ttc In the pmgr,llll .It thc Andnp ~t,lmpar

~chc'()1 of Puhllc He,lIth In Z,lgrcb; ten for the

pillgram under the dircctIon of the Facult) of\lelll~lIll', L'nl\e:r'lI) of Bclgrade:; ami fl1m for

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

study at the Institute of Public Health. Republic of Serbia.

NegotiatIOns continue at ,;anous le\ cis withregard to future fellowship program, III Indiaand Pakistan.

Smith hIine & French FellowshipP"ol!ranl

For ten years the AAMC has admlllhte:re:d ,I

fell'J\\shlp program for the ~mlth Klme cl\.French Laboratones 15K & Fi The pnmaryobjectives of these fellO\vship~ ,Ire hl prO\ Idestudent'> With the opportumty tn bcndlt fromunu,ual chmcal experiences and to allow thcmto farmltanze themselves With medlc,iI. cliltur,iI. and SOCIal problems that often dltTerradIcally from those prevallmg m the U ~

These fellow~ are usually asslgnl'd to ml\'>wnho,pllals or outpost mecllcal faclbtle,

On M,lrch 20, 1969 the: ~dectll)n C,lll1mIlteefor the ~K & f Fellowship Progr,\I11 met andre\lt:wed clght)-seven appltcatlolh llf thlf(land fourth-year U.s medICal ~tudent'> Ita\\drded thlfty-one fellowshIps, twent) -sevenof \\ hlch went to men and four lL) \\ omenEleven of the men receIved aW,lrch thdt rermitted theIr WIyeS, who \\ere nm,c." medIC,:!students, or laboratory teehlllLl,llls, to ,l('

compan) them. The Fellows \\ III ,pcnd at Ic.!'lten \\ee:ks With their ~ponsors .n de\dopln:,:.Irea, of the world

:\ Ii,.,ccIlaneoll<,

III September of 1968 a stud) to be u,cd tn

future suneys that \\ould a~~e,s the rel,ltlOn ,1'health planmng to the mer,1l1 economic dl\ e!npment pl,IIl' III selected de\ eloplllg cOlintne, \\as Imttated. StudIes of (;h,ln.1 anJKen)a \\ere completed dunng 1l)(,K 6(), .1I1d anan,d) ,h of I3r:17I115 currentl) belllg nMde

T"e 13th Annual Conference for forclgn!'vIedlCd' SchoLtrs met from Junc 10-12, 1%)

III T,IIl-T.lr-A, Lake of the Ozark" :\1!SSOUfl

The: l-lth Annual Confere:nce \\111 be held tn

CIe\eland umlel the ausplccs of the: CI'"

\\'c,tern Rese:ne: School of 1\1e:lllClllC-The Director of DIl\IE WdS an ad\ ber to the

US Deleg,ltlon to the \\ orld He.llth .\,

sembi) which met III Boston. .luI) :-'25, 1%<1

Operalional Sludic~ and :\Ianagcnwnl

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~ ute Proceedings for 1969

I here \\ere 122 countnes represented at this\"emb\~ which was meetmg for the second

\ -'I. \lC analyzes and dl~~emlnates dJt,t eolkd.:d from the medical schools with rderenceIII financial management, facult~ chdractenzdI1l1n, and facllltles planning and deSign ThiS~'rllgram I~ conducted und.:r the .1.:g1'> of the-'l.d\ I'or~ Committee for 0p':i'ational StudiesJnd :\fan.tgement \\hose membership Includesrepr.:~.:ntatlOnfrom the three AAMC CounCilsmd frolll the BU~lness Officers Section

rin<lnci.1I Infonnation

\11 DlC \L SCHOOL

I Illd"lld] data are obtained annually fromthe medical 'Lhool" through the AMA.\ '\ \ lC jomt Iiatson questIOnnaire ThiSljlle,lionll.lIfe \\<lS revl,ed to make the data1l111re l urr.:l1t ami more rclC\ant and to refineIh.: que'lion,> 111 response to changing patterns01 fin,melal ~upport. management, and ae':lluntll1g ~~,tem, The AAMC annuall) ,umIll,IfILeS and publishes these data In the [du,.Ilion NumhlT of the J A AI A

F \ll LT\ S \L \RY STUDY

:\ tol.1! of nlnet) -five medICal school, \\ereIlllllllkd m AAI'vtC\ 1968 F.lculty ~.I!ar~

\Iud~ \ h:dlan ,alary ranges for ,eklled.lIllIL.1! d"clphl'e~ and for the baSIC ~clences

\\l'IC published m a "D.ltagram" The ,tudy\\,1'> bruJdened to include adrlllnJ,tratl\e .IS\\dl .I' deduelll'c .lppOlntments. Requesh II1dl"Ill Ihl' need for more accurate data \\ Jlhrcferenll' 10 supplementary or ,ld(litlOn.1! 111

,ume'> dad 1'1 mge b.:nefhs that Jr.: den\.:d frllmpfI\ate pracllce Abo, a prehmmary 'Uf\.:) ofpn\ate rralllLe plan" was made

PROC,R \ \1 COST ALLOe\ 110'1

fhh -,cdr hd' seen the publILdtlOn of 1\\0program Lo,t .l!lacJtlon ,tudl':'> The fir,t ofthe,e. pubh,hed pa~thumou,I~. Wd~ th.: \\elll.nown Carroll Stud~ of Yak-Ne\\ H,l\en .The ,,,"cand 'Iud~. Pro,ram emt "I!ltlcutwl! II!

~C\(,I! \!cdl(,t! Centers: A Pilot 5tll<!I b~

.'65

time \\Ith the Umted State, .1' th.: ho,1 gll\.:rnment

ThonJ.l~ J CampbdI. \\dS JOintly spon,or.:db~ the A.\ :\lC ,md th.: Dep.lrtment of He.l1lh,Education, .lnd \Vdfdr.: PI,ln, \\a.: 1.lId forcontll1u.:J lefinelll.:nt of thl' progr,lIll In th.:ongln.117 lll.:dlCdl c.:nt.:r, and for .:,I.:n'lon ofthe progr.llll to .tddllton.tI 'L hoo).., A n.:wcontr,lCt \\.l~ n.:gntl.ll.:d With the fed.:ral governm.:nl dunng th.: 1.11l.:r pdrt of Ih.: ~c.tr. anllth.: progr.Ul1 \\111 COllllnu,:

Faculty Ho.... lt,l·

During Ih.: p.l,t ~l"lr th.: dL\dopllll'nl. rdin.:m.:nt, .lnd Input of d.tt.1 for th.: F,h':UIt~ Ro,lerwer.: r':\I,cd A ,uhconll.tll fikd With theTcchndll' Corp~lr.tllon ,uppl,lllted lh.: pr.:\ Il)U, arrangelll.:nh In Ihe lundltng of the Infarlllalion rdnn.tI .tnd an,tI~ 'I' ,~,tl'lll Asenes of appro'lmat.:l) 200 t.tbul.lllon, \\a,Ir.In'lllllled to th.: feder,tI gm ernmenl a I Iheend of th.: ~.:.tr

'\.n .tdvl,or~ .:omlllillee flll the lo,tcr,con,,,tlllg of .lll ':lju.1! nlll1lhl'1 of l1Icdll.t1,chool repre,enLlll\':,> ,lnd NIII replc,.:nt.ltl\e,. \\a, Inlll.tkd T\\o llleeUIl~~' of th" COl1l11lI1l.:e \\ ere held to forl1lul.tk OhjCcll\c' .t ndde'lgn future tallie, II1III.t1 ,Il'p' w.:r.: 1,1\...:n10 l'\~tllIat.: ohjeLlI\c, of thl' InH'nlory off.tcult) A 11I,IJor ohjelll\': h .I Lk,lr ulllkr,Iandlllg of Ihe '<lUrLe,. 1ll0\ ,'me'nt, alld ,'-1111 orla" of falUlt~ l-ulUr.: OhjClll\':' \\tli lon",tof .In .1Il.tI\'I' of p.trt tune PdrtlL!p.lnh IJ1 th.:funlll'm, of thc lllerl'c.tI 'chool

BII .... i ne....... () lIicl"l .... ~cl't ion

The BU'llle''>'> Ollll.:r, C,.:llilln . BO\ ,1,'f1lldllyorg.lnl/,:d on '\:cl\l'l1Ihcr I 1')(1~ h,I' 'ULle'>'>fully compkled It'> Ilr'l ~L.lr of Opeldlllll],> Tofdel!ll.lle pl.ll1l11ng of lhl' 1l0..., .llll\ IltL'. thefollo\\lllg COllllllllll'e' \\cre n.rl1lul Plo~r.IJll,

Il~ 1.1\\'>. NOIllIll.tIIll~. dllel l{e'l.llIon,hrrs \\llhIh.: l\.ttlon,1! A'>'>OL!,lllon of Colkge .,nel Unl\.:r'll~ Ihl,lIle'>'> Ollru:r, ''''i t\CUBO,

Rl<.IlJ" \L 'III I I ....G~

Dunn;! the yedr, th·: four ret'l.lIl,d ort',llll/dtlon, l'.llh held t\\O lll'. .:tlnL" \\hleh Wefl' (k-

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voted to workshops on problems of mutual interest and concern. Each region elected a coordinator to be responsible in liaison betweenthe region and the national BOS organization.Elected as regional coordinators were: Northeastern Region, David A. Sinclair, SUNYSyracuse; Southern Region, Hugh E. Hilliard, Emory; Midwestern Region, Gerald H.Gillman, Minnesota; and Western Region,William A. Zimmerman, Oregon.

WORKSHOPS

A two-year commitment of $121,600 fromthe W. K. Kellogg Foundation to assist theAAMC in the development of an educationalprogram for medical school business officerswill provide the support necessary to developregional workshops for the BOS membershipover the next few years. These workshops willprovide a forum in which medical school business and fiscal officers can meet to discuss indepth subjects of greatest concern to them.The subjects for these workshops were selectedthrough survey questionnaires.

Four topics were selected to be developed in1969 under this program. Workshop topicsand those who served as chairmen of the committees to develop them were: RelationsWithin the Medical Center and the Role of theBusiness Officer, Warren H. Kennedy, Vanderbilt; Relations with the Federal Government,

Student Affairs

The AAMC student affairs program is conducted under the aegis of the Committee onStudent Affairs and the Group on StudentAffairs (GSA). During 1968-69 the GSA consisted of over 250 medical school admissionsand student affairs officers in the United Statesand Canada.

Applicant and Student Records

As a basic service to medical schools, AAMCmamtains complete and accurate records of allmedical school applicants and students. Forthe 1968-69 entering class, a total of 21,118individuals filed 112,195 applications. Ofthese, 9,740 persons were enrolled for the firsttime. Repeaters and other special students

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

Gerald H. Gillman, Minnesota; Fiscal andAdministrative Relationships with the ParentUniversity, Erick K. Erickson, California-SanFrancisco; and Medical Service Plans, Bernard Siegel, Albany.

FUTURE ACTIVITIES

During the next two years, an attempt willbe made to develop a more extensive file of information for medical center administrators onsuch topics as departmental programs andbudgets, clerical staffing needs, including newand developing programs, computer services,and animal quarters.

Facilities

The proposal to study the planning, design,and construction of health education facilitieswhich was approved by the Executive Councilin the previous year was initiated. Permissionwas received to use unexpended funds provided by the Commonwealth Fund, and aworkshop conference was held in Chicago inJanuary. Attending the conference were representatives of governmental agencies, theAmerican Institute of Architects, and facultyand administrators concerned with planning inrepresentative medical centers. The conferenceconcluded that such studies were indeed overdue and that the AAMC was the logical agencyto carry out and lead such a program.

brought the total first-year enrollment up to9,863. The total enrollment during 1968-69was 35,828.

Based on these central records, AAMCcontinues to provide a substantial informationexchange with all U.S. medical schools andover 1,000 undergraduate colleges annually.Major effort during the year was also given toincreasing computerization of the basic recordsystem.

Centralized Application Service

During 1968-69 approximately twenty percent of the applicants to Duke, SUNYBrooklyn, Tennessee, Missouri, Iowa, Northwestern, and California-San Diego partici-

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pated in the American Medical College Application Service (AMCAS) pilot study and developmental portion of the AMCAS program.Twenty other schools adopted the uniformapplication blank. During 1969-70 Stanfordreplaced Duke in the pilot study, and all sevenschools carried out their entire admissionsprograms through AMCAS. In addition,thirty-nine other institutions adopted the uniform application blank. It is hoped that allmedical schools will elect to participate inAMCAS for their classes entering in September, 1971.

Conferences

AAMC either sponsored or played a significant role in a number of conferences during theyear.

In February, 1969 the Student AmericanMedical Association (SAMA) conducted aStudent Conference on Medical Education inChicago. AAMC supported this SAMA effortby allocating $2,500 from MCAT fees for thispurpose and also by participation in the planning and program activities.

In March, 1969 AAMC cosponsored withthe Josiah Macy, Jr. Foundation a BorderStates Conference on "Liberal Arts Educationand Admission to Medical School." Participants were primarily premedical advisors fromtraditionally Negro colleges and admissionsofficers from the medical schools of the region.

Also in March, 1969, in conjunction withthe GSA Western Region meeting, AAMCsponsored a regional conference on "Increasing Representation in Medical Schools ofAfro-Americans, Mexican Americans, andAmerican Indians."

In June, 1969 a related regional meeting on"Articulation Between Medical and Premedical Education" was held under the auspices of the Western Region medical schoolswith financing from the USPHS Division ofPhysician Manpower.

The Northeast Association of Advisors forthe Health Professions, which grew out of the1968 Buck Hill Falls Conference, held its firstmeeting in June, 1969 on Martha's Vineyard,Massachusetts in conjunction with the Northeast GSA.

367

Also activated at Cincinnati in May, 1969was a Midwest Advisors Association developedby a number of premedical advisors who metjointly with the Midwest and Great PlainsGSA regional groups. Advisors in the WesternRegion have also indicated an interest informing an association affiliated with theAAMC.

Other Projects and Activities

A number of special projects or continuingactivities worthy of note are summarized asfollows:

COMMUNICATION WITH STUDENT ORGANIZA

TIONS

AAMC worked closely with SAMA, theStudent Health Organizations (SHO), and theStudent National Medical Association(SNMA) throughout the year. In addition toparticipation in the Student Conference onMedical Education, the Association focused onstudent participation in the AAMC and establishment of a student membership category intheAAMC.

FINANCIAL PROBLEMS OF MEDICAL STUDENTS.

Liaison with the federal government in relation to the health professions scholarship andloan programs was maintained. All schoolswere encouraged to contact their legislatorsconcerning reduction in the health professionsstudent loan program. Potential uses of theCollege Scholarship Service in developing afinancial need analysis for medical studentswas explored, and the advisability of usingprivate loan collection agencies was reviewed.

MEDICAL EDUCATION OF MINORITY GROUP

STUDENTS

A $324,213 grant was obtained from theU.S. Office of Economic Opportunity. Inaddition to funding projects at the nationallevel, the grant will provide $103,000 for subcontracted programs at local and regionallevels to encourage the preparation, selection,education, and graduation of minority groupmedical and osteopathic students. The grantalso stipulates that the AAMC serve as aconduit for providing $100,000 for similar

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purposes to dentistry and $60,000 to specifiedallied health professions. Over seventy applications for approximately $1.4 million werereceived from almost 100 organizations, sincecooperative projects were encouraged. In conjunction with the SAMA Committee onMinority Group Students, a Medical MinorityApplicant Registry (MED-MAR) has beeninitiated. Also, a publication describingminority student opportunities in U.S. medicalschools was compiled.

MEDICAL SfUDENf HEALTH

The survey of medical student health policiesand practices in U.S. medical schools waspublished during the year. Uniform proceduresboth for health screening of applicants andestablishment of acceptable medical schoolstudent health practices have been recommended.

RELATIONS WITH COLLEGES AND SECONDARY

SCHOOLS

The January 15 deadline for nonrefundableadmissions deposits was moved to March 1 in

Publications

Journal of .Medical Education

During 1969 the Journal published 1,191pages of editorial material. This included aspecial issue for September. In addition, asupplement to the November issue, containing246 pages, was published.

Of the 365 manuscripts received by theJournal for consideration during 1969, 91 wereaccepted, 154 were rejected, 116 are still outstanding, and four were withdrawn. The totalnumber of manuscripts published during 1969was 137, of which forty-six had been acceptedprior to January 1, 1969.

An eight-year contract with Service Printers,Inc. of Chicago, Illinois was terminated withthe December, 1968 issue. Publication withThe Johnson Press, Inc. of Pontiac, Illinois,began with the January, 1969 issue and endedwith the August publication. The WaverlyPress, Inc. of Baltimore, Maryland beganpublication of the Journal with the September,1969 issue.

VOL. 45, MAY 1970

order to allow both the medical schools andtheir applicants more time to reach final admissions decisions.

RESEARCH ON srUDENf AFFAIRS

The following studies were sponsored during the year: (a) a characteristics study of admissions and student affairs officers, (b) anMCAT minority-group bias study, (c) amedical student-medical school legal relationship survey, and (d) a SAMA survey onmedical school use of National Board examinations.

srUDENf ASPECTS OF INfERNATIONAL MED

ICAL EDUCATION

The AAMC consulted with representativesfrom the AMA Council on Medical Education and with the National Board of MedicalExaminers in planning methods which mightfacilitate the application procedure for American students applying for transfer from foreignmedical schools.

Present monthly circulation of the Journalis 6,900, of which 6,224 are paid subscriptionsand 786 are for free distribution.

Books

Books published by the Association and itsstaff during 1969 were:AAMC Directory, 1968-69

CO'l1piled by Suellen Muldoon. Publishedby AAMC. 394 pp. Paper. $5.00

Directory of Premedical Advisors, 1969-70(5th ed.)

Compiled by Group on Student AffairsCommittee on Liaison with Colleges andSecondary Schools. Published by AAMC.83 pp. Paper. $1.50.

Extramural Summer and Elective Opportunities(1969 ed.)

Compiled by Suellen Muldoon. Publishedby AAMC. 48 pp. Paper, $1.00

Family Planning and Medical EducationEdited by Henry van Zile Hyde and Lucille S.

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Bloch. Published as Part 2 of the Journal ofMedical Education for November, 1969.246 pp. Paper. $2.50. Cloth. $4.50

Foreign Medical Graduates in the United StatesBy Harold Margulies and Lucille S. Bloch.Published by Harvard University Press.169 pp. Cloth. $5.75

Medical School AdmIssion Requirements,U.S.A. and Canada, 1969-70 (20th ed.)

Compiled by Suellen Muldoon. Publishedby AAMC. 319 pp. Paper. $4.00

Minority Student Opportunities in United StatesMedical Schools, 1969-1970

Edited by Davis G. Johnson. Published byAAMC. 98 pp. Paper. $2.00

The Population ProblemFrom the Orientation Book for the Institute on Medical Education and FamilyPlanning. By the Division of InternationalMedical Education. Published by AAMC.33 pp. Paper. $.50

Potential Educational Services from a NationalBiomedical Communications Network

Edited by Cheves McC. Smythe. Publishedby AAMC. 108 pp. Paper. Free

Preparation for the Study ofMedicineEdited by Robert G. Page and Mary H.Littlemeyer. Published by the University ofChicago Press. 287 pp. Cloth. $4.95

369

Program Cost Allocation in Sel'en MedicalCenters: A Pilot Study

By Thomas J. Campbell. Published byAAMC. 99 pp. Paper. $1.50

Program Cost Estimating in a TeachingHospital: A Pilot Study

By Augustus J. Carroll. Edited by Thomas J.Campbell and Mary H. Littlemeyer. Published by AAMC. 149 pp. Paper. $4.00

The Role ofthe Unil'ersity in Graduate MedicalEducation

Edited by Cheves McC. Smythe, Thomas D.Kinney, and Mary H. Littlemeyer. Published as a special issue of the Journal ofMedical Education for September. 174 pp.Paper. $2.00. 179 pp. (with Index). Cloth.$4.00

Selected Papers in American Medical Education for Foreign Scholars, 1957-1968

Edited by John T. Logue. Published by theUniversity of Missouri for the AAMC. 121pp. Paper. $3.00

Newsletters and Special Publications

The Association continues to publish severalnewsletters and special communications. Foremost among these are the AAMC Bulletin,The Advisor, COTH Report and memorandaseries, Datagrams, and DIME Dialogue.

Staff of the Association, 1969-70One Dupont Circle, KW., Washington, D.C. 20036

OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT

.Meharry Medical College.......Dartmouth College

. University of Virginia. . . .. .University of Arizona

. ....Saint Louis University. . . . . . . . . . ....•.....Duke University

. . . . Tufts University. .. University of California-Los Angeles

. . . . . . . .. . Johns Hopkins Hospital. . . .University of Washington Hospital

. .. . . . ..... University of Pennsylvania... Johns Hopkins University

. . . . . .. Ohio State University

370

........ " JOHN A. D. CooPER· . . . ROBERT C. BERSON· BARBARA E. BUCCI

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. GRACE W. BEIRNE

. .....University of Minnesota" Duke University

. AAMC. Hartford Hospital

............ Duke University· . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ., . .. University of Texas

. . . . . . . . .. .. . . . .. . Dartmouth College

PresidelltSenior Staff Associate .Administratil'e Assistant . ..Editor, AAMC Bulletin

Chairman: ROBERT B. HOWARD. . . . . .University of MinnesotaChairman-Elect: WILLIAM G. ANLYAN Duke UniversityPresident: JOHN A. D. COOPER. . AAMCSecretary-Treasurer: T. STEWART HAMILTON Hartford HospitalChairman, Council ofAcademic Societies: DANIEL C. TOSTESON Duke UniversityChairman, Council ofDeans: CHARLES C. SPRAGUE . . .. University of TexasChairman, Council of Teaching Hospitals: T. STEWART HAMILTON Hartford HospitalExecutive Council Members:

RALPH J. CAZORT.. .. .CARLETON B. CHAPMAN.KENNETH R. CRISPELLMERLIN K. DuVAL ...ROBERT H. FELIX..THOMAS D. KINNEY.. .WILLIAM F. MALONEY ...SHERMAN M. MELLINKOFF .. " ..RUSSELL A. NELSON. .Roy S. RAMBECK .

JONATHAN E. RHOADS. .DAVID E. ROGERS .JAMES V. WARREN .

Executive Committee Members:ROBERT B. HOWARD, Chairman .WILLIAM G. ANLYAN . . . . .JOHN A. D. CooPER .....T. STEWART HAMILTONDANIEL C. TOSTESONCHARLES C. SPRAGUE .CARLETON B. CHAPMAN .

Officers of the Association, Members of theExecutive Council and Members of the ExecutiveCommittee, 1969-70

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Division of Educational l\leasurcment and Research

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH SERVICES AND TEACHING HOSPITALS

. . . . . . .. . DALE E. MATfSON

. . .. .., JACK G. HUITON, JR., PH.D.

DAVIS G. JOHNSON

FRANK T. STRITrER

WALTRAlIT F. DUBE

.JOHN F. WALTERS

DENNIS B. DOVE

371

..... CHEVES McC. SMYfHE

. MARY H. LITfLEMEYER

JOHN M. DANIELSON

. . . . . . . .. FLETCHER H. BINGHAM

RICHARD M. KNAPP

CLARA J. WlLLIAMS

HOWARD R. VEIT

GRACE W. BEIRNE, ARMAND CHECKER

Director .Assistant Director.. .. .

Director .Senior Staff Associate. .. .

Division of Student Affairs

Director . .Assistant Director . .. . . .., .Student Records Program Director. . . . .. .. . .AMCAS-Program Director. . . . . . . . .Minority Student Affairs-Administrative Assistant .

Director .Associate Director. .. . . .. . . . . . . .. .Assistant Director.. . . .Project Director ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..Assistant Project Director. . . . . . .. .StaffAssociates . . ..

DEPARTMENT OF ACADEMIC AFFAIRS


DIVISION OF OPERATIONAL STUDIESDirector............. .WALTER G. RICE

Assistant Director THOMAS J. CAMPBELL

StaffAssociate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. WlLLIAM C. HlLLES

Director . . .. . HENRY VAN ZlLE HYDE

Fellowship Officer. . .. . . . .RUSSELL C. MlLLS

Research Assistants.. . . . LUClLLE S. BLOCH, JACK W. SWARTWOOD

Training Officers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . HAZEL B. DAVIS, SHARON C. OUZTS

J. TREVOR THOMAS

DARLEAN HOISINGTON

Director , .Administrative Assistant .. , . .

DIVISION OF BUSINESS AFFAIRS

DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL EDUCATION

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL EDUCATION

Editor JOHN A. D. CooPER

Managing Editor ROSEMARIE D. HENSEL

Acting Managing Editor.............................. .LUClLLE S. BLOCH

Assistant Editor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . RHEADA MICHELE BLACK

Staff Editor ROSALIND MORRIS

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372

EDITORIAL

a considerable amount of attention was alsofocused on the plight of the many u.s. studentswho obtained their medical degrees abroad andsubsequently failed to pass their licensureexaminations for practice in the U. S.

In the decade of the 1940's the Journal became a bimonthly publication. Williard C.Rappleye, the President of the AAMC in 1940and then Dean of the Columbia College ofPhysicians and Surgeons, stated in his Presidential address: "In these days of rapid change ineconomic, social, professional, and educationalfields we must be particularly alert to recognize the widening obligation of medicine in thesociety of which we are an integral part, without impairing those elements which the experience of the past and sound principles ofeducation have proven to be fundamental."The war effort and its effects upon U.S. medical education were, of course, prime subjectsduring this period; but other relevant matterssuch as "The Teaching of Contraceptive Measures," "The Accelerated Program in MedicalEducation," and "What Medical StudentsThink about the Medical School" received theJournal's attention.

In 1950, the official publication of theAAMC was once more re-named, becomingThe Journal ofMedical Education. It was alsocommonly referred to as the "blue book,"since its color had remained a constant babyblue during the previous decade. In the 1950'scontributors to the Journal wrote on "TheCosts of Attending Medical School," "WhatHave Radio and Television to Contribute toMedical Education," "Total Health-A Conceptual Visual Aid," and "Prepaid MedicalCare Plans in Relation to Medical Education."The national emergency precipitated by theKorean War also aroused considerable attention and some reassessment of the international role of U. S. medical educators. In 1955the Journal assumed the style and format thatwas to remain more or less uniform until 1970.

On Changing Style

Beginning with the January, 1970 issue, theJournal of Medical Education adopted a newstyle. Its format has been altered, its type faceschanged, and its cover redesigned. A great dealof thought and not a little hard work on thepart of the Editorial Board went in to thesemodificatIons. Evolution and change, however, are not unknown in the annals of thehistory of the Journal.

On July 1, 1926, Volume 1, No.1 of theBulletlll of the Association of American MedicalColleges began publication. At that time theeditor stated that there had never been a publication "of any sort that was devoted wholly tofurthering medical education or to serve as amedium for disseminating views on medicalpedagogy." Thus, the Bulletin was establishedto serve these twin goals, and literary contributions-not necessarily limited to medicaleducators-were invited. It was publishedquarterly by the AAMC, and the yearly subscriptIOn price was a mere two dollars. Between 1926 and 1929, the Bulletin containedarticles such as: "Women Graduates in Medicine," "Cost of Medical Education," "Combined Baccalaureate Courses," "The Studentvs. the Faculty," and "Disposition of Applicants for Amisssion to Schools of Medicine."

In 1929, the Bulletin became the Journal ofthe Association of American Medical Colleges.During the ensuing twenty-one years, theJournal appeared as a quarterly publication, itscolors changing from grey to yellow to greento blue to orange and back again several times.SubSCrIption rates rose steadily, and it was notuncommon to find advertisements on thecover page.

Contributors to the Journal in the 1930'sdiscussed such leading issues as "Applicationfor Matriculation in Schools of Medicine,""Science and Service in a Teaching Hospital,"and "The Over-Crowding of the MedicalProfession." In the depression years ofl932-33

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AAMC proceedings for 1969

Documents

Transcript of AAMC proceedings for 1969