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MCAT

Practice Test 9

Purchased by: Kiyumi Heard On: 1/1/0001

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5

Physical SciencesTime: 70 minutes

Questions: 1-52

Most questions in the Physical Sciences test are organized into groups, each containing a descriptive passage.After studying the passage, select the one best answer to each question in the group. Some questions are not

based on a descriptive passage and are also independent of each other. If you are not certain of an answer,

eliminate the alternatives that you know to be incorrect and then select an answer from the remainingalternatives. Indicate your selected answer by marking the corresponding answer on your answer sheet. A

periodic table is provided for your use. You may consult it whenever you wish.


reproduction of materials from the Practice Test in any form (electronic, voice, or other means). If there areany questions about the use of the material in the Practice Test, please contact the MCAT Information Line

(202-828-0690).


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6

1H1.0

Periodic Table of the Elements 2He4.0

3Li6.9

4Be9.0

5B

10.8

6C

12.0

7N

14.0

8O

16.0

9F

19.0

10Ne20.2

11Na23.0

12Mg24.3

13Al27.0

14Si

28.1

15P

31.0

16S

32.1

17Cl35.5

18Ar39.9

19K

39.1

20Ca40.1

21Sc45.0

22Ti

47.9

23V

50.9

24Cr52.0

25Mn54.9

26Fe55.8

27Co58.9

28Ni58.7

29Cu63.5

30Zn65.4

31Ga69.7

32Ge72.6

33As74.9

34Se79.0

35Br79.9

36Kr83.8

37Rb85.5

38Sr87.6

39Y

88.9

40Zr91.2

41Nb92.9

42Mo95.9

43Tc(98)

44Ru

101.1

45Rh

102.9

46Pd

106.4

47Ag

107.9

48Cd

112.4

49In

114.8

50Sn

118.7

51Sb

121.8

52Te

127.6

53I

126.9

54Xe

131.3

55Cs

132.9

56Ba

137.3

57La*138.9

72Hf

178.5

73Ta

180.9

74W

183.9

75Re

186.2

76Os

190.2

77Ir

192.2

78Pt

195.1

79Au

197.0

80Hg

200.6

81Tl

204.4

82Pb

207.2

83Bi

209.0

84Po

(209)

85At

(210)

86Rn(222)

87Fr

(223)

88Ra

(226)

89Ac(227)

104Rf

(261)

105Db(262)

106Sg

(266)

107Bh

(264)

108Hs

(277)

109Mt(268)

110Ds

(281)

111Uuu(272)

112Uub(285)

114

Uuq(289)

116

Uuh(289)

*58Ce

140.1

59Pr

140.9

60Nd

144.2

61Pm(145)

62Sm150.4

63Eu

152.0

64Gd157.3

65Tb

158.9

66Dy

162.5

67Ho

164.9

68Er

167.3

69Tm168.9

70Yb

173.0

71Lu

175.0

90Th

232.0

91Pa

(231)

92U

238.0

93Np(237)

94Pu

(244)

95Am(243)

96Cm(247)

97Bk

(247)

98Cf

(251)

99Es

(252)

100Fm(257)

101Md(258)

102No

(259)

103Lr

(260)


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Sharing or reproducing this material in any form is a violation of the AAMC copyright 7

Passage I

Students constructed the electrical circuit shown

below to study capacitors. A battery with a voltage of

10 V is connected through a switch to a capacitor anda 500-resistor. The capacitor is constructed from

two flat metal plates, each with a surface area of 5.0 105

m2. The plates are separated by 1.0 10

3m, and

the space between the plates is a vacuum. The

connecting wires have no resistance. After the switchis closed and the capacitor is fully charged, a particle

with a charge of 8.0 1019

C and a speed of 1.0 m/s

is injected midway between the capacitor plates.

Figure 1 Circuit

1. Which of the following graphs best illustrates how

charge accumulates on the plates of the capacitor

after the switch is closed?

A )

B )

C )

D )

2. If the speed of the charged particle described in

passage is increased by a factor of 2, the electric

force on the particle will:

A) decrease by a factor of 2.

B) remain the same.

C) increase by a factor of 2.

D) increase by a factor of 4.

3. Making which of the following changes to a circelement will increase the capacitance of the

capacitor described in the passage?

A) Replacing the 500-resistor with a 250-resis

B) Replacing the 10-V battery with a 20-V battery

C) Increasing the separation of the capacitor plates

D) Increasing the area of the capacitor plates

4. A charged particle with a mass of m and a char

of q is injected midway between the plates of a

capacitor that has a uniform electric field of E.What is the acceleration of this particle due to th

electric field?

A) Eq/m

B) Em/q

C) mq/E

D) Emq

5. Another capacitor, identical to the original, is

added in series to the circuit described in thepassage. Compared to the original circuit, the

equivalent capacitance of the new circuit is:

A) 1/2 as great.

B) the same.

C) 2 times as great.

D) 4 times as great.


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6. Which of the following best describes the motion

of a negatively charged particle after it has been

injected between the plates of a charged, parallel-

plate capacitor? (Note: Assume that the areabetween the plates is a vacuum.)

A ) It moves with constant speed toward the positiveplate.

B ) It moves with constant speed toward the negativeplate.

C ) It accelerates toward the positive plate.

D) It accelerates toward the negative plate.


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Passage II

Gasoline is a mixture of nonpolar hydrocarbons

that reacts with oxygen in an automobile engine to

produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water vapor. Ifthe gasoline burns too rapidly, a metal piston can be

slammed against a metallic part, resulting in aknocking sound and a reduction in engineefficiency. The octane ratingof a gasoline is a

measure of its antiknock qualities. The higher theoctane rating of a hydrocarbon mixture, the slower it

burns and the smoother the piston operates.

The octane rating scale derives its name fromisooctane (C8H18), a hydrocarbon with good

antiknock qualities. A 90:10 mixture of isooctane and

heptane (C7H16) has an octane rating of 90.Oxygenates are oxygen-containing compounds that

can be added to a gasoline to increase the octane

rating. Two oxygenates currently in use are MTBEand ETOH. Data for these oxygenates and two other

potential additives are shown in Table 1. A

disadvantage of MTBE is that it has a strong andoffensive odor that humans can smell even at

concentrations below 0.26 ppm in air.

Table 1 Data for Gasoline Additives

Additive Formula

Octane

rating

Vapor

pressure(torr, 25C)

Heat of

formation(kJ/mole)

MTBE C4H9OCH3 110 25 580

ETOH C2H5OH 115 58 278

ETBE C4H9OC2H5 112 20 675

TAME C5H11OCH3 111 15 680

7. What type of intermolecular interaction can ETOH

undergo with water that MTBE can NOT?

A ) van der Waals

B ) Dipoledipole

C ) Hydrogen bonding

D ) Covalent bonding

8. The formation of one mole of which oxygenate

shown in Table 1 releases the most energy?

A) ETOH

B) MTBE

C) ETBE

D) TAME

9. What are the coefficients for oxygen and carbon

dioxide, respectively, if the equation shown belo

is balanced?

1CH3OCH3() + ? O2(g) __ H2O(g) + ? CO2(g)

A) 2 and 1

B) 2 and 2

C) 3 and 1

D) 3 and 2

10. Which of the following nonoxygenated analog

of MTBE is most likely to mimic MTBE in itsantiknock properties?

A) C4H9Si(CH3)3

B) C4H9N(CH3)2

C) C4H9SCH3

D) C4H9P(CH3)2

11. The entropy change for the combustion reactio

of gasoline is always greater than zero becaus

the:

A) number of gaseous molecules in the productsalways exceeds the number of gaseous molecu

in the reactants.

B) enthalpy change is always positive.

C) temperature of the combustion is always more

than 100C.

D) free energy change is always positive.


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12. Which compound shown in Table 1 evaporates

fastest at 30C?

A ) MTBE

B ) ETOH

C ) ETBE

D ) TAME

13. If one mole of each additive shown in Table 1

undergoes complete combustion, which

compound requires the leastamount of oxygen

A) MTBE

B) ETOH

C) ETBE

D) TAME


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These questions are not based on a descriptive

passage and are independent of each other.

14. H2O is liquid at room temperature, whereas H2S,H2Se, and H2Te are all gases. Which of the

following best explains why H2O is liquid at

room temperature?

A ) Hydrogen bonds form between H2O molecules.

B ) Oxygen lacks dorbitals.

C ) H2O has a lower molecular weight.

D ) H2O is more volatile.

15.

How do the pressuresPwandPmcompare,measured at the bottom of two identical

containers filled to the levels shown in the figure

with water and mercury? (Note: Density of

water = 1 g/cm

3

; density of mercury = 14 g/cm

3

.)A )Pm= 2Pw

B )Pm= 7Pw

C )Pm= 14Pw

D )Pm= 28Pw

16. If the second floor and the top floor of a buildi

are separated by a distance of 100 m, what is t

approximate difference between the air pressuof the two levels? (Note: Air density = 1.2

kg/m3and gravitational acceleration = 10 m/s

2

Neglect the compressibility of air.)

A) 600 N/m2

B) 800 N/m2

C) 1000 N/m2

D) 1200 N/m2


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Passage III

The compounds nitric acid (HNO3), nitrous acid

(HNO2), acetic acid (CH3COOH), hypochlorous acid

(HClO), and ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), are allwater soluble and produce acidic solutions. TheKa

values for these compounds are given in Table 1.

Table 1 KaValues

Compound Ka, 25C

HNO3 Large

HNO2 4.5 104

CH3COOH 1.8 105

HClO 3.2 108

NH4NO3 5.6 1010

The titration of these acids with sodium hydroxidecan be done using an indicator to signal the endpoint.Table 2 contains information about some common

acid-base indicators.

Table 2 Indicator Properties

Indicator pH rangeAcidic

color

Basic

color

Methylviolet

0.153.2 yellow violet

Methyl red 4.46.2 red yellow

Phenol red 6.48.2 colorless purple

Nitramine10.813.0

colorless brown

17. Which of the following mixtures, with each

component present at a concentration of 0.1 M,has a pH closest to 7?

A ) HClO(aq) and NaClO(aq)

B ) HNO2(aq) and NaNO2(aq)

C ) CH3COOH(aq) and NaCH3COO(aq)D ) HNO3(aq) and NaNO3(aq)

18. Which of the following equations correctly

represents the dissolution of NH4NO3(s) in

water?H2O

A ) NH4NO3(s) NH4(aq) + NO3(aq)

H2O

B ) NH4NO3(s) NH4

(aq) + NO3+(aq)

H2O

C)NH4NO3(s) NH2+(aq) + NO2

(aq) + H2O

H2O

D ) NH4NO3(s) NH4+(aq) + NO3

(aq)

19. When 2.0 mL of 0.1 M NaOH(aq) is added to100 mL of a solution containing 0.1 M HClO(a

and 0.1 M NaClO(aq), what type of change in

pH of the solution takes place?

A) A slight (1.0 pH unit) decrease

20. What is the best explanation for the fact that a

solution of NaNO2(aq) is basic?

A) NO2is hydrolyzed with the formation of OH

(aq) ions.

B) Na+is hydrolyzed with the formation of OH

(a

ions.

C) NaNO2(aq) decreases theKaof HNO2(aq).

D) NaNO2(aq) increases theKaof HNO2(aq).


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Passage IV

One can sometimes obtain a fairly good

description of a phenomenon by focusing on a few

key characteristics of a system and ignoring thesubtleties. For example, in the flow of a liquid, fairly

decent results can sometimes be obtained by ignoringthe viscosity of the liquid. (Physicist RichardFeynman called the approximation of viscousless

water dry water.)

An approximate expression for the fundamental

frequencyfof liquid sloshing in a tank (as in Figure

1) is given by

f= (3gH)1/2

/L

whereHis the height of the liquid,Lis the length of

the tank, andgdenotes the acceleration due togravity, 10 m/s

2. This equation assumes that the liquid

lacks viscosity and surface tension, and that the liquid

surface is always flat throughout the sloshing cycle.

Calculations using these simplifying assumptionsresult in uncertainties of about 10%.

The sloshing modes are calledseiches. They have

been observed in lakes, bays, and swimming pools.Amplitudes of seiches in Lake Geneva in Switzerland

have been observed as large as 5 ft. A seiche in Lake

Michigan in 1954 had an amplitude of some 10 ft andswept away several people who were fishing from

piers. Such seiches can be caused by seismic

disturbances or sudden changes in the atmosphericpressure above one region of a lake.

Figure 1 The fundamental sloshing mode of a tank

of liquid. The sloshing occurs betweenextremes I and III, while II denotes the

equilibrium level.

21. Suppose that the atmospheric pressure suddenl

dropped at one end of a large lake, inducing a

seiche like that shown in Figure 1. The

atmospheric pressure differential between the tends of a lake is directly proportional to the:

A) frequency of the oscillations.B) period of the oscillations.

C) wave speed.

D) amplitude of the oscillations.

22. The principal restoring force responsible for

maintaining the sloshing oscillations in a body

of dry water for which surface tension is vesmall is the:

A) gravitational force.B) viscosity of the water.

C) atmospheric pressure above the water.

D) hydrostatic pressure at the bottom of the

container.

23. Compute the period of oscillation for the

fundamental mode of a seiche induced in a lak

that averages a depth of 30 m, with a length of6000 m over which the wave propagates.

A) 50s

B) 200s

C) 300s

D) 400s

24. The actual oscillating surface in Figure 1 wou

not remain precisely flat; it would have a half-

sine-wave shape. Use this fact to determine thwavespeed vof the fundamental mode of

oscillation.

A) v= (2gH)1/2

B) v= (3gH)1/2

C) v= (3gH)1/2

/

D) v= 2(3gH)1/2

/


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25. Assume that a pan of dry water ismomentarily disturbed. Which of the following

concepts best explains why the resulting sloshing

oscillations persist for a fairly long time?

A ) Energy conservation

B ) Momentum conservation

C ) Newtons third law

D ) Archimedes principle

26. Regarding Figure 1, which velocity profile

depicted below best shows the variation in

velocities across the airliquid interface of II j

after I has occurred?

A)

B)

C)

D)


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27. In which of the following does sound travel mostrapidly?

A ) Air (0C)B ) Water (10C)

C ) Iron (20C)

D ) Sound travels at approximately the same speed in

all of the above.

28.

A )

B )

C )

D )

29. Which action involves more work: lifting a

weight from A to B or lowering the weight fro

B to A?

A) Lifting from A to B

B) Lowering from B to A

C) Equal work in both actions

D) No work is required using a pulley.

30. What is the standard emf for the galvanic cell i

which the following overall reaction occurs?

2Na(s) + Cl2(g) 2Na+(aq) + 2Cl(aq)

Half-reactionE red

(V)

Na+(aq) + e

Na(s) 2.71

Cl2(g) + 2e2Cl

(aq) +1.36

A) 1.35 V

B) +1.35 V

C) +4.07 V

D) +6.78 V


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31. Which of the following shows the electron

configuration of chlorine in NaCl?

A ) 1s22s

22p

63s

23p

4

B ) 1s22s

22p

63s

23p

5

C ) 1s22s

22p

63s

23p

6

D ) 1s22s

22p

63s

23p

44s

2


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Passage V

Earthquake lights (EQLs) have been reported for

centuries. These lights are seen in association with

seismic activity and have been reported at distanceshundreds of kilometers from the earthquake, and

often at sea or near large bodies of water. EQLs areusually blue or bluish-white, but yellow lights haveoccasionally been reported. The source of EQLs has

not been identified, but it has recently been suggestedthat they are produced by sonoluminescence (SL), the

production of light by sound waves in a liquid.

SL occurs when bubbles form in the liquid duringthe rarefaction phase of a sound wave and are then

rapidly compressed during the compressional phase

of the wave. The rapid compression causes a largeincrease in the temperature of the gas inside the

bubble, causing light to be emitted. Both continuum

emission, with a blackbody spectrum, and lineemission from atoms and molecules have been

observed in the laboratory from SL in water.

SL has been produced in water in the laboratoryby sound waves carrying an energy density of about

10 erg/cm3. Advancing seismic wavefronts carry a

kinetic energy density e, given by

e= 22(A/)

2

in which is the density of the ambient medium,A isthe wave amplitude, and is the wave period.

Estimates of these quantities obtained from ground-

motion records of earthquakes give values for e thatare often consistent with the SL hypothesis.

The SL spectrum of pure water peaks at a

wavelength of 3.10 107

m in the ultraviolet.

Dissolved salts might contribute to the yellow color.

Sodium has, in fact, a particularly strongcharacteristic emission at 5.89 10

7m.

32. Which of the following statements could expla

the frequently bluish color of EQLs?

A) Sodium salts are common in the earths crust, a

sodium emissions can be quite bright.

B) In transparent substances, dispersion effects are

general greater for longer wavelengths.

C) The ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by molecu

that then fluoresce at yet shorter wavelengths.

D) The ultraviolet radiation is absorbed by molecu

that then fluoresce at yet longer wavelengths.

33. During their compression, little heat is lost by

conduction from the hot vapor bubblesresponsible for SL effects because:

A) the process occurs too rapidly for heat loss to bappreciable.

B) the heat is carried on the advancing wavefront.

C) the surrounding liquid is subjected to the same

compressional force.

D) convection predominates over other processes liquids at ordinary temperatures.

34. Heating of the vapor bubbles occurs during thcompression phase of the passing waves in SL

because:

A) the heat of vaporization of water is high andserves as a barrier to the effect.

B) constructive interference in the wave motion is

greater than at other times.

C) work is being done on the vapor bubbles by

forces external to them at that time.

D) energy propagates primarily by means o

transverse waves at that time.


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35. Atomic hydrogen has a characteristic spectral

emission at a wavelength of 6.56 107

m that

might contribute to EQLs. What color is this

characteristic H emission?

A ) Violet

B ) Blue

C ) Green

D ) Red


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Passage VI

Aluminum is obtained commercially by the

electrolysis of Al2O3, which is the major compound in

the ore bauxite. Pure Al2O3is obtained from bauxiteby the Bayer process.

The finely ground ore is treated with concentrated

NaOH (3538%) for 68 hours at a high temperature

and pressure, converting Al2O3into Al(OH)3(aq),which then reacts with NaOH(aq) to produce

Na[Al(OH)4] as shown in Equation 1.

Al(OH)3(aq) + NaOH(aq) Na[Al(OH)4](aq)

Equation 1

The aqueous base converts the major impurity in the

ore, Fe2O3, into the insoluble Fe(OH)3, which is

removed by filtration.

After the impurity is removed, carbon dioxide ispassed through the mixture to precipitate Al(OH)3,

which is collected and dehydrated at 1000C to yield

pure Al2O3(equations 2 and 3).

2Na[Al(OH)4](aq) + CO2(g) Na2CO3(aq) +

2Al(OH)3(s) + H2O()

Equation 2

2Al(OH)3(s) + heat Al2O3(s) + 3H2O(g)Equation 3

The Al2O3is mixed with Na3AlF6, a compound

that lowers the melting point of Al2O3from over

2000C to about 950C, making the electrolysis of themolten salt commercially viable. Pure aluminum is

produced by the reaction shown in Equation 4.

2Al2O3() 4Al(s) + 3O2(g)

Equation 4

36. Aluminum belongs to what block of elements inthe periodic table?

A ) s

B ) p

C ) d

D ) f

37. What is the oxidation number of aluminum in

Na[Al(OH)4](aq)?

A) +1

B) +2

C) +3

D) +4

38. What is the geometry of the hexafluoroalumin

ion (AlF63

)?

A) Octahedral

B) Tetrahedral

C) Trigonal bipyramidal

D) Hexagonal

39. Approximately how much Al2O3 is required to

make 100 kg of Al?

A) 500 kg

B) 200 kg

C) 80 kg

D) 50 kg

40. In the reaction shown in Equation 1, Al(OH)3acts as what kind of acid or base?

A) Lewis acid

B) Lewis base

C) Brnsted acid

D) Brnsted base

41. At which electrode is aluminum produced in a

galvanic cell and in an electrolytic cell?

A) At the anode in both cells

B) At the cathode in both cells

C) At the anode in the galvanic cell and cathode inthe electrolytic cell

D) At the cathode in the galvanic cell and anode in

the electrolytic cell


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42. In the reaction shown in Equation 2, three moles

of Al(OH)3is chemically equivalent to what

volume of CO2(g) measured at 1 atm and 0C?

A ) 11.2 L

B ) 16.8 L

C ) 22.4 L

D ) 33.6 L


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Passage VII

An experimental system is assembled to measure

the focal lengths of lenses and mirrors. The system

consists of objects, lenses, mirrors, and devices forlocating images. It is placed on a metered optical

bench. The system is operated in severalconfigurations.

Converging LensTo measure the focal length of a converging lens,

an object is placed at A, the 0-cm mark of an optical

bench, and a converging lens is placed at B, the 30-

cm mark of the bench. This situation forms an imageat D, the 90-cm mark as shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1Optical bench

Convex MirrorA convex mirror is inserted between the

converging lens (B) and the image position (D).

When the mirror is located at C (50-cm mark), thelight rays are reflected back along the incoming path,

as shown in Figure 2. The dashed lines betweenpoints C and D indicate the path of light rays beforethe convex mirror is inserted.

Figure 2Convex mirror

Diverging Lens

The convex mirror is removed from the setup, anda diverging lens is placed at position C (50-cm mark)

so that the new image is observed at E (110-cm

mark), as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 3 Diverging lens

43. Changing which of the following will change

focal length of the convex mirror in Figure 2?

A) Index of refraction of the mirror

B) Radius of curvature of the mirror

C) Position of the lens at B

D) Focal length of the lens at B

44. As the light passes from the air into the glass, makes an angle ain air and an angle lin thelens material, relative to the normal at the

surface. What equation relates the angles l an

a?

A) a= l

B) 1/a= 1/l

C) nasin a= nlsin l

D) na/sin a= nl/sin l

45. The converging lens in Figure 1 is removed an

the diverging lens is placed in position B, as

shown in the figure below. Which of thefollowing best describes the light rays from th

diverging lens in this configuration?

A) Converging rays

B) Parallel rays in and out

C) Reflected rays diverging

D) Diverging rays


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46. If a very bright light source shines on a mirror,

the mirror may become warm because:

A ) all of the light is reflected, and, by momentum

conservation, the molecules in the mirror move,producing heat energy.

B ) some of the light passes through the mirror, and,by energy conservation, potential energy is

produced.

C ) some of the light is absorbed by the mirror, and,by energy conservation, thermal energy is

produced.

D ) none of the light is reflected, and, by energy

conservation, mass is converted to energy.

47. Visible light travels more slowly through anoptically dense medium than through a vacuum

A possible explanation for this could be that th

light:

A) is absorbed and re-emitted by the atomic structof the optically dense medium.

B) is absorbed and re-emitted by the nucleus of th

material in the optically dense medium.

C) bounces around randomly inside of the opticall

dense medium before emerging.

D) loses amplitude as it passes through the opticaldense medium.


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48. If the magnitude of a positive charge is tripled,what is the ratio of the original value of the

electric field at a point to the new value of the

electric field at that same point?

A ) 1:2

B ) 1:3

C ) 1:6

D ) 1:9

49. A 7-N force and an 11-N force act on an object atthe same time. Which of the following CANNOT

be the magnitude of the sum of these forces?

A ) 2 N

B ) 8 N

C ) 12 N

D ) 18 N

50. A student plans to add HCl to a solution

containing Pb(NO3)2(aq). To determine how

much Pb2+

will precipitate from solution whenthe HCl is added, the student needs to know

which of the following?

A )Kafor HCl

B )Kafor HNO3

C )Kspfor PbCl2

D )Keqfor the reaction Pb2+

+ 2 e

Pb

51.

A block of weight Wis pulled across a rough

floor by a rope that exerts a force T on the bloThe frictional force between the floor and the

block is F. Which of the following expression

equals the frictional force Fwhen the blockmoves with a constant speed?

A) T

B) W T

C) Tsin

D) Tcos

52. When an element undergoes decay, a nucleaneutron is converted to a nuclear proton as the

nucleus emits an electron. What happens to thatomic number and atomic mass of an elementhat undergoes decay?

A) The atomic number increases, but the atomic

mass stays approximately the same.

B) The atomic number stays the same, but the atom

mass decreases.

C) Both the atomic number and the atomic massdecrease.

D) The atomic number decreases, but the atomicmass stays approximately the same.


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24

Verbal ReasoningTime: 60 minutes

Questions: 53-92

There are seven passages in the complete Verbal Reasoning test. Each passage is followed by several

questions. After reading a passage, select the one best answer to each question. If you are not certain of ananswer, eliminate the alternatives that you know to be incorrect and then select an answer from the remainingalternatives. Indicate your selected answer by marking the corresponding answer on your answer sheet.

This document has been encoded to link this download to your member account. The AAMC and its Section

for the MCAT hold the copyrights to the content of this Practice Test. Therefore, there can be no sharing orreproduction of materials from the Practice Test in any form (electronic, voice, or other means). If there are


(202-828-0690).


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Passage I

A phenomenon such as female fiction does not

exist, but in the 1960s there began to appear novels

about the female experience by both male andfemale writers. It is necessary to separate these books

from anything called female fiction, which wouldsuggest that the culture bifurcates into two distinctexperiences, one male and one female. That such

experiences differ, there can be no disagreement; butthat such experiences overlap, there should also be no

disagreement. I concur with Elaine Showalters

statement:

Women writers should not be studied

as a distinct group on the assumption that

they write alike, or even display stylisticresemblances distinctively feminine. But

women do have a special literary history

susceptible to analysis, which includessuch complex considerations as the

economics of their relation to the literary

marketplace, the effects of social andpolitical changes in womens status upon

individuals, and the implications of

stereotypes of the woman writer and

restrictions of her artistic autonomy.

There is by now a sizable body of fiction that

focuses on female experiences or conditions, in whichwomen must find their way personally,

professionally, socially, in what is basically apatriarchy. This term we may define as any society in

which men control authority and determine the roles

women should or should not play.

An example of the female imagination at work

comes in the following way. InJane Eyre, Bertha, the

madwoman in the attic, is presented as the elementthat must be eliminated in order for Rochester and

Jane to complete their destiny together. Imprisoned inthe upper reaches of Thornfield, she is a threat to

foreground order and stability, a principle of chaos, infact. Since Charlotte Bront was writing a romance,

Bertha could become expendable.

In a society more oriented to the overall female

experience, Jean Rhys in Wide Sargasso Seaperceived in Bertha the characteristic victim of a

male-dominated society, a woman moved around as

an object, living out others sense of her experiencenot her own, and becoming mad as the sole way of

breaking through an unyielding situation. In this vi

Berthas plight is more archetypically female thanJanes, by far, since Jane is moving in a fairy tale o

sorts in which elements yield to her, whereas Berth

has moved in the real world of power. There is, I feno male novelist who could have picked up the thre

of Berthas existence and turned it into an emblem,

Jean Rhys did; and here alone we note the way the

female novelist can perceive aspects of experiencethat remain (at least in our era) outside the reach of

the male writer. Reading back from Rhys, we

experienceJane Eyredifferently.

More recently, Virginia Woolf has become apowerful influence in analyses of the female

experience by U.S. writers. Not only her fiction andliterary essays but a book such asA Room of Ones

Own(1929) have served to reinforce what manywomen writers were already saying. Woolf offered

also, something of an aesthetic, in that she asserted

women had to develop a prose of their own. Aftermentioning Newman, Sterne, Dickens, Thackeray,

among others, she says: The weight, the pace, the

stride of a mans mind are too unlike her own. Shequotes a typical early-nineteenth-century sentence

adds: That was a mans sentence; behind it one ca

see Johnson, Gibbon, and the rest. It was unsuited fa womans use. She sums up: There is no reason think that the form of the epic or of the poetic play

suits a woman any more than the sentence suits her

But all the older forms of literature were hardenedand set by the time she became a writer. The novel

alone was young enough to be soft in her hands.

53. The passage discussion of male and female

experience assumes that:

A) female experience is entirely different from ma

experience.

B) there is a degree of similarity between female a

male experience.

C) male experience is inferior to female experienc

D) female experience almost always influences ma

experience.


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54. According to the author, a characteristic of many

novels of female experience is that they:

A ) portray women struggling to achieve identity in a

patriarchy.

B ) display a distinctively feminine prose style.

C ) present female characters from a male point oview.

D ) portray female characters as emblems.

55. In the second to last paragraph, the author assertsthat the novelist Jean Rhys:

A ) reworked the character of Bertha in a way no

male writer could have.

B ) created a new literary form based on adaptations

of older works.

C ) created a distinctively feminine prose style that isdifficult for male writers to imitate.

D ) misunderstood Bronts novelJane Eyre.

56. The author suggests that Berthas imprisonme

in the upper reaches of Thornfield:

I. could have been explored equally well male or female novelists.

II. provided Jean Rhys with an archetypalsymbol of the plight of women.

III. functioned for Charlotte Bront primaras a plot device.

A) I only

B) I and II only

C) I and III only

D) II and III only

57. According to the passage, Virginia Woolf

believed the novel was more suitable to womewriters than was the epic or the poetic play

because the:

A) novel was a more recent and thus more flexible

genre.

B) novel did not depend on a mans sentence forits effect.

C) epic and poetic play were newer genres.

D) epic and poetic play required that women deve

a prose of their own.


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Passage II

What makes clouds turn into rain? More

specifically, the question is: How do the tiny droplets

of a cloud coalesce into water drops big enough to fallas rain?

The beam of a searchlight pointed upward at night

shows that even apparently clear air is actually a

soup of particles. The air may contain anywherefrom 10,000 to 100,000 particles per cubic inch.

When the relative humidity is high, water vapor

condenses on many particles and begins to form

droplets; this condensation accounts for the hazinessof the air on a muggy day and for the poor visibility

you may have noticed while flying in an airplane

below a cloud. An actual cloud materializes when thehumidity reaches a certain critical value which turns

most of the dust particles into water droplets. Under

the right conditions, the cloud droplets combinerapidly into raindrops; a concentration of 10,000

cloud droplets per cubic inch yields one raindrop per

10 cubic inches. There are two general theories aboutthe way this takes place.

One is the ice-crystal theory. In the cold upper

regions of a high cloud, the droplets are supercooled.If ice crystals are present, they evaporate the droplets

and then absorb the vapor, much as crystals of

calcium chloride and other drying agents absorbmoisture. The ice crystals, feeding on the cloud

droplets, may grow to a large size and either fall assnow or melt into rain. But rain can fall from warm

clouds as well as cold. How is it generated in clouds

that lack ice crystals and supercooled droplets?

We must find some other mechanism that can

combine droplets into big drops, bringing us to the

second theory, which suggests that large particlesgrow into raindrops by sweeping up the smaller

droplets. The big particles form comparatively largecloud droplets, which, as they move through the

cloud, pick up the smaller droplets in their path, justas a rolling drop of mercury gathers up any mercury

drops it encounters. Thus the larger dust nuclei in a

cloud can grow to the size of a raindrop. A cloud willproduce rain, according to this theory, when it

contains sufficient moisture and a suitable number of

giant nuclei.

We are therefore led to two interesting questionWhat are the giant nuclei, and where do they come

from? First, there can be no doubt that winds blowi

over the oceans pick up a substantial load of saltparticles. Second, it is equally plain that the winds

transport a great deal of salt from the sea over the

land. Systematic surveys have verified that saltparticles, large and small, are spread through the

atmosphere, from the ground up into high altitudes

Next, there is statistical evidence of a relationsh

between the amount of salt carried inland from the

and the amount of salt in our rainfall. Salt greedilytakes up water from the air, as anyone who has dea

with a salt shaker on a humid morning is well awar

A salt crystal kept in damp air collects enough wateto dissolve completely into a droplet. All of this

certainly seems to indicate that salt particles act asnuclei to produce raindrops and precipitation. The

idea gains further support from the finding that thenumber of drops per unit volume in rain over the se

is about the same as the number of salt particles in

ocean air.

58. In order for the process described in paragraph

3 to occur, the temperature of ice crystals in acloud must be higher than that of:

A) calcium chloride crystals.

B) the upper regions of the cloud.

C) the lower regions of the cloud.

D) the supercooled droplets.

59. On the sole basis of the passage, one could

conclude that it might be possible to reduce th

rainfall in a region by:

A) warming the clouds.

B) decreasing the number of particles in the air.C) cooling the clouds.

D) increasing the amount of salt in the clouds.


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60. The passage assertion that salt is largely

responsible for rainfall from warm clouds is

based on evidence that:

I. salt particles are spread throughout theatmosphere.

II. the amount of salt in rainfall is related tothe amount of salt carried inland from the

sea.

III. the number of drops per unit volume inrain over the sea is similar to that of salt

particles in ocean air.

A ) III only

B ) I and III only

C ) II and III only

D ) I, II, and III

61. Which of the following statements most strong

challenges the authors assertions about the w

raindrops are formed in clouds at subfreezing

temperatures?

A) Humidity in a region must be extremely high in

order to turn most of its dust particles to waterdroplets.

B) A concentration of 10,000 cloud droplets percubic inch yields one raindrop per 100 cubic

inches.

C) No ice crystals are present in the upper regions

clouds at high altitudes.

D) Calcium chloride crystals do not absorb as mucmoisture as do ice crystals.

62. Assume that a particular inland region in a waclimate receives a great deal of rain. Given theinformation in the passage, which of the

following proposed explanations of this

phenomenon is the LEAST plausible?

A) There is very little wind over the region.

B) There is an especially high percentage of salt

particles in the regions atmosphere.

C) The region is located near an ocean.

D) There is an especially high percentage of largeparticles in the clouds over the region.


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Passage III

Americans were raised with a sentimental

attachment to rural living and with a series of notions

about rural people and rural life that I have chosen todesignate as the agrarian myth. The agrarian myth

represents a kind of homage that Americans have paidto the fancied innocence of their origins.

Like any complex of ideas, the agrarian mythcannot be defined in a phrase, but its component

themes form a clear pattern. Its hero was the yeoman

farmer, its central conception the notion that he is the

ideal man and the ideal citizen. Unstinted praise ofthe special virtues of the farmer and the special values

of rural life was coupled with the assertion that

agriculture, as a calling uniquely productive anduniquely important to society, had a special right to

the concern and protection of government. The

yeoman, who owned a small farm and worked it withthe aid of his family, was the incarnation of the

simple, honest, independent, healthy, happy human

being. Because he lived in close communion withbeneficent nature, his life was believed to have a

wholesomeness and integrity impossible for the

depraved populations of cities.

In origin the agrarian myth was not a popular but

a literary idea, a preoccupation of the upper classes,

of those who enjoyed a classical education, readpastoral poetry, experimented with breeding stock,

and owned plantations or country estates. It wasclearly formulated and almost universally accepted in

America during the last half of the eighteenth century.

By the early nineteenth century it had become amass creed, a part of the countrys political folklore

and its nationalist ideology. The roots of this change

may be found as far back as the AmericanRevolution, which, appearing to many Americans as

the victory of a band of embattled farmers over anempire, seemed to confirm the moral and civic

superiority of the yeoman, made the farmer a symbolof the new nation, and wove the agrarian myth into its

patriotic sentiments and republican idealism.

To what extent was the agrarian myth actually

false? When it took form in America during theeighteenth century, its stereotypes did indeed

correspond to many of the realities of American

agricultural life. There were commercial elements icolonial agriculture almost from the earliest days, b

there were also large numbers of the kind of

independent yeomen idealized in the myth.

Between 1815 and 1860, the character of

American agriculture was transformed. Theindependent yeoman, outside of exceptional orisolated areas, almost disappeared before the

relentless advance of commercial agriculture. Thecash crop converted the yeoman into a small

entrepreneur, and the development of horse-drawn

machinery made obsolete the simple old agrariansymbol of the plow. Farmers ceased to be free of w

the early agrarian writers had called the corruption

of trade. They were, to be sure, still independent,the sense that they owned their own land. They wer

hardworking lot in the old tradition. But no longer they grow or manufacture what they needed: They

concentrated on the cash crop and began to buy moand more of their supplies from the country store.

The triumph of commercial agriculture not onlyrendered obsolete the objective conditions that had

given to the agrarian myth so much of its original

force, but also showed that the ideal implicit in the

myth was contesting the ground with another, evenstronger idealthe notion of opportunity, of career

of the self-made man. The same forces in American

life that had given to the equalitarian theme in theagrarian romance its most compelling appeal had al

unleashed in the nation an entrepreneurial zeal

probably without precedent in history, a rage forbusiness, for profits, for opportunity, for

advancement.

63. The central argument of the passage is that the

agrarian myth:

A) has no factual basis in the realities of American

agricultural life.B) is a sentimental representation of the role that

agriculture played in American life.

C) accurately reflects the nature of American

agriculture, both in the past and today.

D) understates the negative aspects of life on the

farm in America.


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64. The passage suggests that the agrarian myth

originated:

A ) in literature.

B ) on country estates in Europe.

C ) on small farms owned and worked by yeoman

farmers.

D ) among the urban elite who romanticized the

virtues of the simple life of the farmer.

65. Based on the passage, the agrarian myth assumesthat:

I. yeoman farmers are wholesome andhonest.

II. yeoman farmers are morally superior tomost citizens.

III. agriculture deserves special treatmentfrom the government.

A ) I only

B ) I and II only

C ) II and III only

D ) I, II, and III

66. Based on the passage, the agrarian myth

became part of a mass creed because:

A ) the countrys nationalist ideology stood in need othe kind of patriotic sentiments that the agrarian

myth could provide.

B ) farmers were credited with having played a major

role in the American victory in the RevolutionaryWar.

C ) most of the American population lived on family

farms during the late eighteenth century.

D ) the yeoman farmer, as an ideal, corresponded tomany of the realities of American life in the lateeighteenth century.

67. According to the passage, the agrarian myth

implied that yeoman farmers were:

A) honest entrepreneurs.

B) classically educated.

C) sentimentally patriotic.

D) happy and industrious.

68. Which of the following assertions, if true,

would most weakenthe main point of thepassage?

A) The contribution made by American farmers to

victory in the Revolutionary War has been grea

exaggerated.

B) The agrarian myth was what might be called anoble lie: it was false but generally beneficial.

C) The agrarian myth played a part in the thinking

only a handful of Americans during the

eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

D) American farmers during the eighteenth andnineteenth centuries had very little in common

with the idealized yeoman farmer of the agraria

myth.

69. What does the passage suggest about whetheror not the agrarian myth was false?

A) It was clearly false, because it bore little

resemblance to actual farm life in America at th

time.

B) Very few people lived the life idealized in themyth.

C) It conformed to reality only in its commercial

elements.

D) Its stereotypes corresponded to many of therealities of early American agricultural life.


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Passage IV

Nature is extraordinarily fertile and ingenious in

devising means, but it has no ends that the human

mind has been able to discover or comprehend.Perhaps, indeed, the very conception of an end or

ultimate purpose is exclusively human; but at least itmust be said that the most characteristically humaneffort is to transform a means into an end.

Sensibility and intelligence arose in the animal in

order to serve animal purposes, for through the first, it

was able to distinguish those things that favor the

survival of it and its race, and through the second, itwas able to go about in a more efficient manner to

secure them. Both were, like all things in nature,

merely means toward the achievement of thathumanly incomprehensible end, mere survival. But

the philosopher-artist has detached both from their

natural places.

When sensibility has been detached from its

animal setting, it may develop into a quest for that

self-justifying beauty which is humanly valuable butbiologically useless. When intelligence is detached, it

not only tends to paralyze natural impulse by

criticizing natural aims but develops certainintellectual virtues which are biological vices. We are,

for example, inclined to regard skepticism, irony, and

above all, the power of dispassionate analysis as themarks of the most distinctly human intelligence. We

admire anyone whose reason is capable of more thanscheming, whose logic is not the mere rationalization

of desires.

But intelligence as detached as this is a vitalliability. It puts its possessor at a disadvantage in

dealing with those whose intelligence faithfully

serves their purpose by enabling them to scheme fortheir ends and to justify to themselves their desires.

Such is the animal function of intelligence, andwhenever it develops beyond this level, it inhibits

rather than aids that effective action in the pursuit ofnatural ends which was the original function of mind.

The same process occurs in every nation that hasdeveloped a national mind capable of detachment and

has passed beyond that stage of invigorating delusionwhich could make it fancy itself master by right of an

inherent superiority. One after another, the great

nations of history have founded on aggression thecivilization that then supported for a time, but for a

time only, great periods of human culture, that

flourished at their height just as the substructurecrumbled. Animals made humans possible, and

conquerors prepared the way for poets and

philosophers, but neither poet nor philosopher cansurvive long after the conquest.

Nor need we be surprised to see nations enfeebby civilization as though by vice. That detachment

of mind from its function which makes philosophy

possible and which encourages dispassionate analyis exactly parallel to the detachment of the sexual

functions from their purposes, which results in the

cult of the senses. Thought for thoughts sake is akind of perversion. Civilizations die from

philosophical calm, irony, and the sense of fair playquite as surely as they die of debauchery.

Nor can it be said that to understand this parado

of humanism helps us in any way to solve it. The

analysis that we perform is, indeed, itself an exampof one of those exercises of the mind that is pervers

because it does not serve as a means toward a natur

end. And when we have admitted that the human

ideal is one that the human animal cannot evenapproach without tending to destroy itself, we have

by that very admission, diminished our biological

fitness.

70. Which of the following statements best

summarizes the central problem addressed by t

passage?

A) Truth and beauty are unattainable illusions.

B) Sensibility and intelligence are biologically

useless.

C) Unbiased thought is inconsistent with human

survival.

D) We are most fully human when we behave likeanimals.


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71. Which of the following statements, if true,would most directly underminethe authors

central argument?

A ) Some highly developed civilizations are

peaceable.

B ) Aggressive people are often much admired.

C ) Nonhuman animals often behave altruistically.

D ) Logic is not always the mere rationalization of

desires.

72. Suppose that persons of average intelligencetend to have higher incomes than those of very

intelligent persons. The author would be most

likely to argue that this difference existsbecause:

A ) competitive success reduces ones interest in art

and philosophy.

B ) intelligence and competitive success are

unrelated.

C ) the more intelligent one is, the more one despisesmaterial success.

D ) a highly developed intelligence inhibits

competitive action.

73. Which of the following passage contentions

might it be possible to refuteby clear

counterexamples?

I. The intelligence of poets tends to paralnatural impulse.

II. Transforming means into ends is the mcharacteristically human effort.

III. The great nations of history were foundon aggression.

A) II only

B) III only

C) I and II only

D) I and III only

74. Some research into unconscious motivation

suggests that even apparently impartial thoughprocesses may be deeply self-serving. What is

the relevance of this consideration to the

authors argument?

A) It weakens the distinction drawn betweenanimal and human uses of intelligence.

B) It challenges the assumption that humans value

dispassionate analysis.

C) It supports the observation that intellectual

detachment is biologically useless.D) It strengthens the contention that some uses o

intelligence are biological vices.


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Passage V

The perception of a color when one hears words is

the most common example of the phenomenon of

synesthesia. Synesthesia can be visual-tactile, visual-gustatory, tactile-visual, or almost any combination of

two senses, but reports are dominated by visuallyrelated synesthesias, and olfactory and gustatorysynesthesias are less common. Two possible reasons

for this difference are the proximity in the cortex ofthe visual areas to the auditory and motor areas, the

areas implicated in taste and olfaction being relatively

distant, and the fact that vision dominates normalbehavior and is therefore more likely to form

associations with the other senses.

The nature of the color-word associations madeby synesthetes is surprising. The link is not between

meaning and color, or sound and color, but between

the visual appearance of the first letter of the wordand color. Thus, a subject reporting the perception of

red on hearing the wordphotographwould also report

perceiving red on hearing the wordpalladiumbut adifferent color on hearing the wordfish. The

experience is described more accurately, then, as a

color-grapheme association than as a color-word

association. This association is not so far removedfrom the normal experience of linking the letters of a

word with its sound. For example, it takes longer to

decide that enoughand boughdo not rhyme than tomake this decision about roughand how.

The finding that the association is graphemic in

color-word synesthesia greatly constrains the possible

explanations of the experience. Grapheme perception

is not present at birth and only begins to developwhen a child is learning to write. This fact opens up

the possibility that color-grapheme synesthesia

emerges during a critical period of maximumplasticity in the visual system, when it is involved in

learning to link letters with sounds and strings ofletters with objects.

Evidence from neuropsychological studies also

points to the visual system. In 1893, Phillipe reported

that 30 out of 150 blind subjects reported coloredhearing after losing the sense of sight, a finding that is

consistent with the remedial plasticity that occurs

following cortical damage. In another case, a seeing

person who had been synesthetic lost that experienafter suffering brain damage that also resulted in co

blindness. These findings suggest that color-

grapheme synesthesia depends on activity within thvisual cortex that is initiated by the responding of

certain cells specialized to integrate such features a

color and shape.

A different view suggests that subcortical limbi

areas are more important for synesthesia. A crucialpart of the reasoning behind this hypothesis lies in

argument that only humans can make cross-modal

associations. This argument is mistaken. It is widelknown that monkeys can make cross-modal

associations, and it is by no means clear that the

cortex is not involved. For example, Haenny recordfrom neurons in cortical visual area V4while

monkeys were performing orientation discriminatiotasks and found that many neurons responded to th

visual orientation of the stimuli, as one might expefrom this visual area, but that many were also

sensitive to the tactile orientation of a grooved plate

its orientation was relevant to the task. Furtherevidence implicating visual areas in cross-modal

transfer comes from a study in which monkeys wer

impaired in the learning of tactile-visual associationfollowing lesions of the cortical area dedicated to th

processing of tactile sensations.

75. Which of the following research findings wou

undermine the argument about the developme

of color-word synesthesia?

A) Left-handed children are especially likely to besynesthetic.

B) Color-word synesthesia can develop in literate

adults.

C) Color-word synesthesia can accompany the

earliest attempts to read.

D) Damage to the visual cortex seldom results in

synesthesia.


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76. According to the authors explanation, one pair

of words that would be likely to evoke the same

synesthetic experience is:

A ) knowand no.

B ) knitand kit.

C ) snuffand enough.

D ) citeandsite.

77. The author implies that visual synesthesia can

occur because certain neurons respond to theco-occurrence of a particular color and shape.

A plausible hypothesis is that such cells

evolved because they increased processingspeed in the identification of:

A ) dangerous predators on the basis of incompletevisual information.

B ) group members by either their appearance or their

vocalizations.

C ) appropriate foods by any combination ocharacteristics.

D ) environmental forms and patterns associated with

the home territory.

78. As the word is used in the passage, agraphem

is best described as:

A) the synesthetic element of a letter.

B) the written representation of a syllable.

C) one of the units of a spoken word.

D) one of the units of a written word.

79. Which of the following phenomena is an exam

of synesthesia?

A) Thinking of the sound of words while silently

reading

B) Hearing a loud note when seeing the word

trumpet

C) Mentally generating a tune while following

written notes

D) Visualizing a scene while listening to adescription


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Passage VI

Poussin had come to Rome one or two years after

Guercino had left it. And a few years later

(presumably about 1630), he produced the earlier ofhis twoEt in Arcadia egocompositions. Being a

classicist, Poussin revised Guercinos composition byadding the Arcadian river god Alpheus and bytransforming the decaying masonry into a classical

sarcophagus.

But in spite of these improvements, Poussins

picture does not conceal its derivation from

Guercinos. In the first place, it retains to some extentthe element of drama and surprise: The shepherds

approach as a group from the left and are

unexpectedly stopped by the tomb. In the secondplace, there is still the actual skull, placed upon the

sarcophagus above the wordArcadia, although it has

become quite small and inconspicuous and fails toattract the attention of the shepherds, who seem to be

more intensely fascinated by the inscription than they

are shocked by the deaths-head.

After another five or six years, however, Poussin

produced a second and final version of theEt in

Arcadia egotheme, the famous picture in the Louvre.And in this painting we can observe a radical break

with the medieval, moralizing tradition. The element

of drama and surprise has disappeared. Instead of twoor three Arcadians approaching from the left in a

group, we have four, symmetrically arranged oneither side of a sepulchral monument. Instead of being

checked in their progress by an unexpected and

terrifying phenomenon, they are absorbed in calm

discussion and pensive contemplation. The form ofthe tomb is simplified into a plain rectangular block,

and the deaths-head is eliminated altogether.

Here, then, we have a basic change in

interpretation. The Arcadians are not so much warnedof an implacable future as they are immersed in

mellow meditation on a beautiful past. In short,Poussins Louvre picture no longer shows a dramatic

encounter with Death but a contemplative absorption

in the idea of mortality. We are confronted with achange from thinly veiled moralism to undisguised

elegiac sentiment.

When read according to the rules of Latingrammar (Even in Arcady, there am I), the phras

had been consistent and easily intelligible as long a

the words could be attributed to a deaths-head andlong as the shepherds were suddenly and

frighteningly interrupted in their walk. These

conditions are manifestly true of Guercinos paintinand they are also true, if in a considerably lesser

degree, of Poussins earlier picture.

When facing the Louvre painting, however, the

beholder finds it difficult to accept the inscription i

its literal, grammatically correct, significance. In thabsence of a deaths-head, the egoin the phrase mi

seem to refer to the tomb itself. But it is infinitely

more natural to ascribe the words to the person buritherein. Such is the case with 99 percent of all

epitaphs.

Thus Poussin himself, while making no verbalchange in the inscription, invites, almost compels, t

beholder to mistranslate it by relating the egoto a

dead person and by connecting the etwith egoinsteof withArcadia. The development of his pictorial

vision had outgrown the significance of the literary

formula, and we may say that those who, under the

influence of the Louvre picture, decided to render tphraseEt in Arcadia egoas I, too, lived in Arcady

rather than as Even in Arcady, there am I, did

violence to Latin grammar but justice to the meaninof Poussins art.

80. As used in the passage, the term elegiac is closin meaning to:

A) piously hopeful.

B) serenely reflective.

C) profoundly grieving.

D) poetically praising.


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81. Suppose that a painting contained words with

no apparent relevance to the scene depicted.

The passage suggests that in discussing this

painting, the passage author would be mostlikely to:

A ) assume that the artist intended to puzzle theviewer.

B ) interpret the scene on the basis of the words.

C ) interpret the words on the basis of the scene.

D ) discuss the scene without reference to the words.

82. By the end of the eighteenth century, the

inscription on Poussins second Arcadiapainting was translated as Even in Arcady,

there am I only in England. In conjunction

with passage information, this fact moststrongly implies that in comparison with otherEuropeans, the English were:

A ) less familiar with Latin grammar.

B ) less receptive to medieval moralizing.

C ) more sophisticated in their response to art.

D ) more influenced by the Guercino painting.

83. Suppose that when Poussins Louvre painting is

cleaned, a skull is discovered on the tomb. Thisdiscovery means that the authors thesis about

this painting:

A ) has been confirmed.

B ) is more plausible.

C ) is less plausible.

D ) has been disproved.

84. According to the author, which details of

Poussins Louvre painting support the belie

that it reveals his decision to reject the

moralizing tradition in art?

I. A classical tombII. A pagan river god

III. A symmetrical compositionA) II only

B) III only

C) I and II only

D) I and III only

85. What is the significance to the passage

argument of the information that the shepherd

are already at the tomb rather than approachinit?

A) It shows that they are not surprised by the

reminder of death.

B) It indicates the classicism of Poussins vision.

C) It ensures that the viewer interprets the inscript

as an epitaph.

D) It emphasizes the simplicity of the tomb.

86. Which of the following statements, if true,would most weakenthe authors reasoning

about the historical significance of the change

introduced in Poussins second Arcadia

painting?

A) Guercinos Arcadia painting contains as many

classical elements as do either of Poussins

versions.

B) The skull in Guercinos Arcadia painting is smand inconspicuous.

C) The painting was completed by one of Poussin

students.

D) Many of Poussins later paintings have strongly

moralistic themes.


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Passage VII

Chemistry and physics began with the observation

of gross phenomena, such as those relevant to

cooking, distillation, medicine, falling bodies, andcelestial movements. These sciences reached the level

of mathematical abstraction only after a long periodof detailed familiarity with concrete phenomena. Thebehavioral and social sciences must now pass through

a phase in which a core of concrete facts relevant tothe mind and to society slowly accrue before they can

arrive at meaningful abstract formulations of their

problems. When that stage has been reached, theymay reexamine their relation to the natural sciences

and perhaps become partly anchored in physiology,

ecology, and other biological sciences.

Science and the technologies derived from it can

best contribute to civilization not through a further

expansion of the mega-machine but by helping in themaintenance of the ecological balance and in the

development of human potentialities. This change

will be made difficult by attitudes inherited from thenineteenth and early twentieth centuries. We have

trained our social reflexes for technological

advances, however trivial their goals and

deleterious their long-range effects. Instead ofconveying a teleological quality, the wordprogress

now means just moving on, even though the forward

motion is on a road that leads to disaster or despair.Worthwhile goals for social progress must be

formulated before planning can provide a desirable

and enjoyable structure for the human effort.

Concern with the future used to be expressed in

the form of literary exercises, or at best of purelysocial utopias, formulated on the basis of certain

theological, political, or economic beliefs, shared by

the members of the utopian group. Utopias are nolonger fashionable today, partly because we lack a

stable ground of generally accepted values to providethe hard foundation on which to construct viablesocial systems. It may be also that the eclipse of

human beings normative functions results from the

acceptance by many scientists and sociologists of theview that the world of science and technology sets its

own arising ends. A tired resignation to the

imperatives of economics and scientific technology

along with the collapse of the old metaphysics may

account for this acceptance. In any case, the tendenduring recent decades has been to limit planning to

the here and now. The future is imagined not as a

really new venture but as a mere extension of the p

To escape from this static and paralyzing view

civilized life, it will be necessary to construct multimodels of possible futures different from the presenstate of affairs and to imagine courses of action tha

would bring such futures into being. Sinceanticipations govern the policies of change, they

paradoxically, but very effectively, become the

causative agents of change. Causative anticipationsdiffer from predictions in that the future they descr

must not only be possible but also embody

considerations of the desirable. They imply valuejudgments as to what is desirable or not, good or ba

and thus inevitably give a direction to the social anscientific enterprise.

Contemporary humanity seems to be poised

between passive acceptance of scientific technolog

for its own sake, violent rejection of it, and consciouse of it for some ultimate concern. The social

ferment that is beginning to agitate the community

scientists gives hope that humanity still has a chanc

to control its destiny by imposing a direction on thescientific endeavor and, in particular, by consciousl

planning the scientific technology that will shape th

modern world.

87. Which of the following statements, if true,would most weakenthe authors argument

about the way society should plan for the

future?

A) Having a goal firmly in mind decreases thechances of achieving that goal.

B) People tend to be less happy living in societies

with planned economies.

C) People tend to be less happy living intechnologically advanced societies.

D) People tend to be happier living in

technologically advanced societies.


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88. Which of the following factors is NOT part o

the authors explanation of the reason that

utopian thinking is now unfashionable?

A ) The lack of consensus about what is desirable

B ) The idea that science will furnish itself with goals

C ) The collapse of the old metaphysics

D ) The failure of utopian social experiments in the

nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

89. Implicit in the authors ideas about the futureand the role of science is the belief that

judgments about what is good or bad are:

A ) best decided democratically.

B ) inappropriate for scientists to make.

C ) best decided by historical research.

D ) an appropriate part of scientific planning.

90. The author expresses hope that society will

impose pressure on the scientific community t

create a better future as a result of:

A) the restructuring of political systems.

B) a greater trust in the ability of the scientific

community.

C) the failure of the behavioral and social sciences

D) greater focus on science as an agent of change.

91. As used in the passage, teleologicalmost nearmeans:

A) religious.

B) purposive.

C) innovative.

D) unorthodox.

92. According to the passage, a precondition foreffective scientific planning is the:

A) formulation of desirable social goals.

B) suspension of value judgments.

C) formulation of a single, unified plan for succes

D) acceptance and trust of the scientific communit

by society.


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Writing SampleTime: 60 minutes

2 Prompts, separately timed:

30 minutes each

This is a test of your writing skills. The test consists of two parts. You will have 30 minutes to complete eachpart. Use your time efficiently. Before you begin writing each of your responses, read the assignment careful

to understand exactly what you are being asked to do. Because this is a test of your writing skills, your

response to each part should be an essay of complete sentences and paragraphs, as well organized and clearlywritten as you can make it in the time allotted.

This document has been encoded to link this download to your member account. The AAMC and its Section

for the MCAT hold the copyrights to the content of this Practice Test. Therefore, there can be no sharing orreproduction of materials from the Practice Test in any form (electronic, voice, or other means). If there are


(202-828-0690).


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Sharing or reproducing this material in any form is a violation of the AAMC copyright

93. Consider this statement:

The primary goal of every business should be to maximize profits.

Write a unified essay in which you perform the following tasks. Explain what you think the above

statement means. Describe a specific situation in which maximizing profits might not be the

primary goal of a business. Discuss what you think determines whether or not the primary goal ofa business should be to maximize profits.


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Sharing or reproducing this material in any form is a violation of the AAMC copyright

94. Consider this statement:

A politicians lifestyle should reflect his or her political views.

Write a unified essay in which you perform the following tasks. Explain what you think the abovestatement means. Describe a specific situation in which a politicians lifestyle might not reflect his or

her political views. Discuss what you think determines whether or not a politicians lifestyle shouldreflect his or her political views


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42

Biological SciencesTime: 70 minutes

Questions: 95 146

Most questions in the Biological Sciences test are organized into groups, each containing a descriptive passag

After studying the passage, select the one best answer to each question in the group. Some questions are notbased on a descriptive passage and are also independent of each other. If you are not certain of an answer,

eliminate the alternatives that you know to be incorrect and then select an answer from the remaining

alternatives. Indicate your selected answer by marking the corresponding answer on your answer sheet. Aperiodic table is provided for your use. You may consult it whenever you wish.


reproduction of materials from the Practice Test in any form (electronic, voice, or other means). If there are


(202-828-0690).


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43

1H1.0

Periodic Table of the Elements 2He4.0

3Li6.9

4Be9.0

5B

10.8

6C

12.0

7N

14.0

8O

16.0

Aamc MCAT Test z

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Transcript of Aamc MCAT Test z