AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. -...
Transcript of AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. -...
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD.
CRZ Clearance for Bitumen Storage & Handling Project at Kandla, Taluka Gandhidham, District Kachchh, State Gujarat
MARCH 2018
Kadam Environmental Consultants www. k ad am en v i r o . c om
E n v i r o n m e n t f o r D e v e l o p m e n t
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM QUALITY CONTROL
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 2
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD.
CRZ Clearance for Bitumen Storage & Handling Project at Kandla, Taluka Gandhidham, District Kachchh, State Gujarat © Kadam Environmental Consultants (‘Kadam’), March, 2018
This report is released for the use of Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd., Regulators and relevant stakeholders solely as part of
the subject project’s Environmental Clearance process. Information provided, unless attributed to referenced third
parties, is copyrighted and shall not be used for any other purpose without the written consent of Kadam.
QUALITY CONTROL
Name of Publication CRZ Clearance for Bitumen Storage & Handling Project at Kandla, Taluka Gandhidham, District
Kachchh, State Gujarat
Project Number 1731618112 Issue No. 1 Revision No. 0 Released March, 2018
Image descriptions:
1. Site 2. Meteorological Data Collection Station
3. Marine Water Sampling 4. Air Quality Monitoring near Site
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 21
1.1 Purpose of the Report...............................................................................................................21
1.2 Identification of project proponent ..............................................................................................21
1.3 Brief Description of the Project ...................................................................................................22
1.3.1 Nature of Project & its Significance ........................................................................................22
1.3.2 Location ...........................................................................................................................22
1.4 Scope of study ........................................................................................................................22
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................. 23
2.1 Type of Project ........................................................................................................................23
2.2 Need for the project .................................................................................................................23
2.3 Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout) ........23
2.3.1 General Location of the Site .................................................................................................23
2.3.2 Specific Location of the Project Site and Pipeline ......................................................................25
2.3.3 Approach and Connectivity to the site ....................................................................................27
2.4 Size or magnitude of operation (including associated activities required by or for the project) ................27
2.4.1 Land Distribution at Site ......................................................................................................27
2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation .....................................................................30
2.6 Technology and Process Description ............................................................................................30
2.6.1 Process Description.............................................................................................................30
2.7 Project Description ...................................................................................................................34
2.7.1 Storage Details ..................................................................................................................34
2.7.2 Pipeline Details ..................................................................................................................34
2.7.3 Power Requirement ............................................................................................................35
2.7.4 Rainwater Harvesting Details ................................................................................................35
2.7.5 Details of Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation ........................................................35
2.7.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant Details ......................................................................................36
2.7.7 Quantification, Classification, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid / Hazardous Waste .....38
2.8 Transportation Details ..............................................................................................................39
2.9 Employment Generation ............................................................................................................39
2.10 Cost of the Project ..............................................................................................................39
3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ....................................................................................... 40
3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................40
3.2 Study Area .............................................................................................................................40
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF ANNEXURES
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3.3 Monitoring Period ....................................................................................................................40
3.4 Methodology ...........................................................................................................................40
3.4.1 Primary Data Collection .......................................................................................................40
3.4.2 Secondary Data Collection....................................................................................................43
3.5 Land use / Land cover ..............................................................................................................43
3.5.1 Classification of Land Use and Land Cover ..............................................................................43
3.5.2 General Study methodology .................................................................................................44
3.5.3 Secondary Data Collection and Review ...................................................................................44
3.5.4 Primary Data Collection and Review .......................................................................................45
3.5.5 Key Findings ......................................................................................................................46
3.6 Meteorology and Air Quality Modelling .........................................................................................50
3.6.1 General Study Methodology..................................................................................................50
3.6.2 Meteorology ......................................................................................................................50
3.7 Ambient Air Quality ..................................................................................................................57
3.7.1 Traffic Survey ....................................................................................................................63
3.8 Surface Water Quality ...............................................................................................................68
3.9 Noise Environment ...................................................................................................................68
3.9.1 General Study Methodology..................................................................................................68
3.9.2 Primary Data Collection .......................................................................................................68
3.9.3 Key Findings ......................................................................................................................69
3.10 Geology & Hydrogeology .....................................................................................................70
3.10.1 General Study Methodology ..............................................................................................70
3.10.2 Primary Data Collection ....................................................................................................70
3.10.3 Secondary Data Collection ................................................................................................70
3.10.4 Key Findings ..................................................................................................................72
3.11 Soil Conservation................................................................................................................72
3.12 Ecology and Biodiversity ......................................................................................................75
3.12.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................75
3.12.2 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment ................................................................................75
3.12.3 Biological Diversity ..........................................................................................................76
3.12.4 Period of the Study and Study Area ....................................................................................76
3.12.5 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment ................................................................................77
3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMICS ............................................................................................................81
3.13.1 Methodology ..................................................................................................................81
3.13.2 Social Profile ..................................................................................................................81
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3.13.3 Economic Profile .............................................................................................................84
3.13.4 Cultural Profile ...............................................................................................................86
3.14 Marine Environment ............................................................................................................87
3.14.1 Water ...........................................................................................................................87
3.14.2 Sediment.......................................................................................................................92
3.14.3 Biodiversity of Marine Environment ....................................................................................96
4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES ..................................... 105
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 105
4.2 Impact Assessment Methodology .............................................................................................. 105
4.2.1 Key Definitions ................................................................................................................. 105
4.2.2 Identification of Impacts .................................................................................................... 105
4.2.3 Component Wise Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation ........................................... 106
4.3 Identification of Impacting Activities for the Proposed Project ........................................................ 112
4.4 Terrestrial Environment........................................................................................................... 117
4.4.1 Land Use and Land Cover .................................................................................................. 117
4.4.2 Air Pollution and Air Quality ................................................................................................ 117
4.4.3 Noise and Vibration .......................................................................................................... 141
4.4.4 Solid and Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................ 148
4.4.5 Geology and Hydrogeology ................................................................................................ 149
4.4.6 Soil Conservation.............................................................................................................. 149
4.4.7 Occupational Health & Safety ............................................................................................. 150
4.4.8 Socio-Economics .............................................................................................................. 151
4.5 Marine Environment ............................................................................................................... 151
4.5.1 Water............................................................................................................................. 151
4.5.2 Flora Fauna ..................................................................................................................... 152
4.5.3 Noise and vibration ........................................................................................................... 153
5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM ............................................................................. 154
5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 154
5.2 Objective of Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 154
5.3 Environmental Monitoring Program ........................................................................................... 154
5.3.1 Occupational Health Management Plan ................................................................................. 158
6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES ............................................................................................................. 159
6.1 Numerical Modelling of Flow .................................................................................................... 159
6.1.1 Description of the Flow Model ............................................................................................. 159
6.1.2 Numerical model setup and Calibration ................................................................................. 160
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KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 6
6.1.3 Hydrodynamics ................................................................................................................ 167
6.1.4 Bitumen Spill ................................................................................................................... 174
6.2 Health, Safety and Environment of Bitumen ................................................................................ 186
6.2.1 General Issues ................................................................................................................. 186
6.2.2 Hazards Associated with Hot Bitumen .................................................................................. 186
6.2.3 Health Awareness ............................................................................................................. 186
6.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN ................................................................................................ 190
6.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 190
6.3.2 Emergency Preparedness Plan ............................................................................................ 190
7 PROJECT BENEFITS ................................................................................................................. 193
7.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure ............................................................................... 193
7.2 Improvements in the social infrastructure ................................................................................... 193
7.3 Employment potential – skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled ............................................................. 193
8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP) ......................................................................... 194
8.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 194
8.2 Purpose of EMP ..................................................................................................................... 194
8.3 Environmental Management Plans............................................................................................. 195
8.3.1 Air Quality ....................................................................................................................... 195
8.3.2 Land and Soil................................................................................................................... 197
8.3.3 Biological Environment ...................................................................................................... 197
Budget ....................................................................................................................................... 199
8.3.4 Water Environment ........................................................................................................... 200
8.3.5 Solid & Hazardous Waste ................................................................................................... 200
8.3.6 Socio-Economic ................................................................................................................ 202
9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................ 203
9.1 Project Description ................................................................................................................. 203
9.1.1 About Project Proponent .................................................................................................... 203
9.1.2 Proposed Project .............................................................................................................. 203
9.1.3 Location of the Project ...................................................................................................... 203
9.1.4 Project Cost .................................................................................................................... 203
9.1.5 Utilities ........................................................................................................................... 203
9.1.6 Process Description........................................................................................................... 203
9.1.7 Storage Details ................................................................................................................ 206
9.1.8 Pipeline Details ................................................................................................................ 206
9.1.9 Power Requirement & Stack Details ..................................................................................... 207
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF ANNEXURES
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9.1.10 Rainwater Harvesting Details .......................................................................................... 207
9.1.11 Water Consumption....................................................................................................... 207
9.1.12 Wastewater Generation.................................................................................................. 208
9.1.13 Wastewater Treatment Plant Details ................................................................................. 208
9.1.14 Hazardous and Other Solid Waste .................................................................................... 208
9.2 Description of Environment ...................................................................................................... 209
9.2.1 Study Area & Period.......................................................................................................... 209
9.2.2 Terrestrial Environment ..................................................................................................... 209
9.2.3 Marine Environment .......................................................................................................... 213
9.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Suggested Mitigation Measures .............................................. 214
9.3.1 Terrestrial Environment ..................................................................................................... 214
9.4 Environment Monitoring Program .............................................................................................. 217
9.5 Additional Studies .................................................................................................................. 221
9.5.1 Numerical Flow Model & Bitumen Spill .................................................................................. 221
9.5.2 Disaster Management Plan ................................................................................................. 221
9.6 Project Benefits ..................................................................................................................... 221
9.7 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 221
10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS .............................................................................................. 223
10.1 Brief Resume and Nature of Consultancy (Kadam) .................................................................. 223
10.2 EIA Team Members .......................................................................................................... 224
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 8
LIST OF ANNEXURES
Annexure 1: CRZ Map of Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. Project (1:4000 Scale) ....................................................... 227
Annexure 2: Possession Note from Kandla Port Trust ................................................................................ 228
Annexure 3: Assurance letter for Water.................................................................................................. 229
Annexure 4: Provisional Certificate of SEPPL ........................................................................................... 230
Annexure 5: Material Safety Data Sheet for Bitumen ................................................................................ 232
Annexure 6: Land Use Land Cover Classification ...................................................................................... 236
Annexure 7: Long-term Climatological Tables (1981-2010) published by IMD: Station New Kandla ................... 240
Annexure 8: Windrose Diagram – Post-monsoon Period, New Kandla, IMD ................................................... 242
Annexure 9: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Published by CPCB....................................................... 243
Annexure 10: Calibration Certificate for Field Equipment ........................................................................... 244
Annexure 11: Calibration Certificate for Laboratory Equipment ................................................................... 248
Annexure 12: AAQM Analysis Results ..................................................................................................... 251
Annexure 13: Traffic Survey Results ...................................................................................................... 264
Annexure 14: Fish Production Data of Kandla (2014-2016) ........................................................................ 268
Annexure 15: NABET Certificate ............................................................................................................ 270
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF TABLES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 9
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1: Permitted Activities falling under CRZ area .................................................................................21
Table 2-1: Storage Details and Throughput...............................................................................................23
Table 2-2: Coordinates of the Project Boundary .........................................................................................25
Table 2-3: Coordinates of the Pipeline route .............................................................................................25
Table 2-4: Area Statement .....................................................................................................................27
Table 2-5: Air Stack Details ....................................................................................................................35
Table 2-6: Land Area Breakup and Estimation of Runoff ..............................................................................35
Table 2-7: Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details ..............................................................36
Table 2-8: List of ETP cum STP units with capacity.....................................................................................37
Table 2-9: Hazardous Waste Generation Details ........................................................................................38
Table 3-1: Synopsis of Land use/ Land cover Classification in General............................................................43
Table 3-2: GPS Readings within Study Area ..............................................................................................46
Table 3-3: Synopsis of Land use/ Land cover Classification in the Study Area ..................................................46
Table 3-4: Area Statistics for Land Use / Land Cover Categories in the Study Area ...........................................47
Table 3-5: Site and its Sensitivity ............................................................................................................48
Table 3-6: Monitoring Methodology of Meteorological Data ..........................................................................51
Table 3-7: Wind regime as per IMD Long-Term Data - New Kandla station .....................................................52
Table 3-8: Meteorological Data Station Details...........................................................................................53
Table 3-9: Summary micrometeorological data for study Period Oct’17 to Jan’18 (Mainly covers Post-monsoon
season) ..............................................................................................................................................54
Table 3-10: Site specific Meteorological Data during Monitoring Period ..........................................................54
Table 3-11: Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring ........................................................................58
Table 3-12: Ambient air quality monitoring locations ..................................................................................59
Table 3-13: Summary Air Quality Data for Monitoring Period ........................................................................61
Table 3-14: Truck Movement Details for proposed project ...........................................................................63
Table 3-15: Road Details .......................................................................................................................64
Table 3-16: Traffic survey (up & down) ....................................................................................................64
Table 3-17: Traffic survey (up & down) – PCU Calculation ...........................................................................64
Table 3-18: Traffic survey (up & down) – PCU Calculation ...........................................................................65
Table 3-19: Incremental Traffic due to Proposed Project .............................................................................65
Table 3-20: Estimation of Dust due to Vehicular Movement-Paved Road ........................................................67
Table 3-21: Estimation of Dust due to Vehicular Movement-Engine exhaust ....................................................67
Table 3-22: Methodology of Sample Analysis and Testing ............................................................................68
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KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF TABLES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 10
Table 3-23: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise for Different Areas/Zones ...................................68
Table 3-24: Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Locations .............................................................................68
Table 3-25: Average Ambient Noise Monitoring Results ...............................................................................69
Table 3-26: General lithology found in the Kachchh District .........................................................................71
Table 3-27: Analysis Methodology ...........................................................................................................73
Table 3-28: Soil Sampling Locations ........................................................................................................73
Table 3-29: Soil Analysis Results .............................................................................................................74
Table 3-30: Sensitivity/Habitats of the Study Area ......................................................................................76
Table 3-31: Details of Water Bodies in the Buffer Zone ...............................................................................77
Table 3-32: List of Floral species in Study Area ..........................................................................................78
Table 3-33: List of Birds in Study Area .....................................................................................................79
Table 3-34: List of Reptiles in Study Area .................................................................................................80
Table 3-35: List of Mammals in study area................................................................................................80
Table 3-36: List of Villages, Population and Households in the Study Area ......................................................81
Table 3-37: Male – Female Population and Households in the Study Area .......................................................82
Table 3-38: SC/ ST Population in the Study Area .......................................................................................82
Table 3-39: Literacy rates in the Study Area .............................................................................................83
Table 3-40: Occupational Pattern of the Study area ....................................................................................85
Table 3-41: Analysis Methods Adopted for Water Samples ...........................................................................87
Table 3-42: Details of Marine Water Sampling Locations .............................................................................88
Table 3-43: Marine Water Results – During High Tide .................................................................................89
Table 3-44: Marine Water Results – During Low Tide ..................................................................................90
Table 3-45: Analysis Methods for Sediment Parameters ..............................................................................92
Table 3-46: Sediment Quality Results ......................................................................................................93
Table 3-47: Values for Chlorophyll and Phaeophytin ...................................................................................97
Table 3-48: Cell count (No x 103/Lit) of phytoplankton ................................................................................98
Table 3-49: Phytoplankton species abundance during December, 2017 ..........................................................99
Table 3-50: Zooplankton species abundance during December, 2017 .......................................................... 101
Table 3-51: Standing Stock of Zooplankton ............................................................................................. 102
Table 3-52: Standing Stock of sub tidal Macro benthos ............................................................................. 102
Table 3-53: Standing Stock of inter tidal Macro benthos ............................................................................ 103
Table 3-54: Mangrove vegetation characteristics in study area ................................................................... 104
Table 3-55: Regeneration and Recruitment Density and their ratio with mature trees in study area ................... 104
Table 4-1: Overall Impact Scoring System due to proposed project – Severity Assessment .............................. 107
Table 4-2: Likelihood of Occurrence ...................................................................................................... 111
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF TABLES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 11
Table 4-3: Environmental Impact Significance Criteria............................................................................... 111
Table 4-4: Categorization of Impact Significance...................................................................................... 112
Table 4-5: Environmental Impact .......................................................................................................... 113
Table 4-6: Impact Scoring - Land Use Land Cover .................................................................................... 117
Table 4-7: Stack Details ...................................................................................................................... 119
Table 4-8: Stack Emission Estimation Details ........................................................................................... 119
Table 4-9: Incremental GLC of PM10 for monitoring period ......................................................................... 121
Table 4-10: Incremental GLC of SO2 Monitoring Period ............................................................................. 124
Table 4-11: Incremental GLC of NOx for Monitoring Period ......................................................................... 127
Table 4-12: Incremental GLC for PM, Paved Road .................................................................................... 130
Table 4-13: Incremental GLC or PM from Engine Exhaust .......................................................................... 133
Table 4-14 Incremental GCL for NOx from Engine Exhaust ......................................................................... 136
Table 4-15: Average Incremental Increase in GLC (Point Source) ................................................................ 139
Table 4-16: Average Incremental Increase in GLC (Line Source) ................................................................. 140
Table 4-17: Impact Scoring – Air Environment ........................................................................................ 140
Table 4-18: Environmental Impact Scoring – Noise Environment ................................................................. 142
Table 4-19: Sources of noise with their sound pressure levels .................................................................... 144
Table 4-20: Noise level at receptor locations ........................................................................................... 147
Table 4-21: Impact Scoring – Solid & Hazardous Waste ............................................................................ 148
Table 4-22: Impact Scoring for Soil ....................................................................................................... 149
Table 4-23: Impact Scoring of Occupational Health, Community Health and Safety ........................................ 150
Table 4-24: Impact Scoring for Surface Water ......................................................................................... 152
Table 4-25: Impact Scoring – Ecology & Biodiversity ................................................................................ 152
Table 4-26: Suggested Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................ 153
Table 5-1: Environmental Monitoring Program ......................................................................................... 155
Table 8-1: Environment Management Plan – Air Environment .................................................................... 195
Table 8-2: Environment Management Plan for Land use and Land cover ...................................................... 197
Table 8-3: Environment Management Plan for Biological Environment ......................................................... 197
Table 8-4: Recommended species for Greenbelt Development .................................................................... 198
Table 8-5: Recommended species for road side plantation ......................................................................... 199
Table 8-6: Costing for green belt development ........................................................................................ 199
Table 8-7: Environment Management Plan for Water ................................................................................ 200
Table 8-8: Environment Management Plan for Solid & Hazardous Waste ...................................................... 201
Table 8-9: Environment Management Plan for Socio-Economic ................................................................... 202
Table 9-1: List of Utilities..................................................................................................................... 203
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF TABLES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 12
Table 9-2: Land Area Breakup and Estimation of Runoff ............................................................................ 207
Table 9-2: Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details ............................................................ 207
Table 9-3: List of ETP cum STP units with capacity................................................................................... 208
Table 9-4: Hazardous Waste Generation Details ...................................................................................... 208
Table 9-5: Summary micrometeorological data for study Period Oct’17 to Jan’18 (Mainly covers Post-monsoon
season) ............................................................................................................................................ 209
Table 9-6: Ambient Air Quality Results ................................................................................................... 210
Table 9-7: Average Ambient Noise Monitoring Results .............................................................................. 211
Table 9-8: Soil Analysis Results ............................................................................................................ 212
Table 9-9: Classification of Coastal/Marine Waters for Designated Best Uses ................................................. 213
Table 9-10: Environmental Monitoring Program ....................................................................................... 218
Table 10-1: EIA Team Member ............................................................................................................. 224
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF FIGURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 13
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2-1: General Location Map of the Project Site ..................................................................................24
Figure 2-2: Satellite Image for Coordinates of Site Boundary and Pipeline Route .............................................25
Figure 2-3: Specific Site Location on Satellite Image ...................................................................................26
Figure 2-4: Key Plan of the Site ..............................................................................................................28
Figure 2-5: Process Flow Diagram ...........................................................................................................33
Figure 2-6: Water Balance Diagram .........................................................................................................36
Figure 2-7: Process Block Diagram for ETP cum STP (5 KLD) .......................................................................38
Figure 3-1: Sampling Location Map – Terrestrial Environment ......................................................................42
Figure 3-2: Pie Chart of Level 1 Classification in the study area ....................................................................48
Figure 3-3: Wind rose diagram for monitoring period ..................................................................................56
Figure 3-4: Seismic Map of Gujarat .........................................................................................................72
Figure 3-5: Sampling Location Map – Marine Environment ...........................................................................95
Figure 4-1: ISOPLETH of PM10 for Monitoring Period ................................................................................. 123
Figure 4-2: ISOPLETH of SO2 for Monitoring Period .................................................................................. 126
Figure 4-3: ISOPLETH of NOx for Monitoring Period .................................................................................. 129
Figure 4-4: Isopleth for PM .................................................................................................................. 132
Figure 4-5 Isopleth for PM from Engine Exhaust ...................................................................................... 135
Figure 4-6 Isopleth NOx from Engine Exhaust .......................................................................................... 138
Figure 4-7: Isopleths for incremental noise generated during daytime ......................................................... 145
Figure 4-8: Isopleths for incremental noise generated during night-time ...................................................... 146
Figure 6-1: Nested grids used in the study.............................................................................................. 161
Figure 6-2: Bathymetry of the large scale model ...................................................................................... 162
Figure 6-3: Comparison of observed and measured tides at Okha ............................................................... 163
Figure 6-4: Comparison of observed and measured tides at Sikka ............................................................... 164
Figure 6-5: Currents during flood tide in Gulf of Kachchh .......................................................................... 165
Figure 6-6: Currents during ebb tide in Gulf of Kachchh ............................................................................ 166
Figure 6-7: Bathymetry used for small scale model .................................................................................. 168
Figure 6-8: Comparison between published and model predicted tidal levels in Kandla creek ........................... 169
Figure 6-9: Variation of current magnitude near the area of interest in Kandla creek ...................................... 170
Figure 6-10: Currents during flood tide in Kandla creek ............................................................................. 171
Figure 6-11: Currents during ebb tide in Kandla creek .............................................................................. 172
Figure 6-12: Currents during high tide in Kandla creek .............................................................................. 173
Figure 6-13: Bitumen oil concentrations just after the spill event (15 mins) .................................................. 175
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF FIGURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 14
Figure 6-14: Bitumen oil concentrations one hour after the spill event ......................................................... 176
Figure 6-15: Bitumen oil concentrations 5 hours after the spill event ........................................................... 177
Figure 6-16: Bitumen oil concentrations 10 hours after the spill event ......................................................... 178
Figure 6-17: Bitumen oil concentrations 24 hours after the spill event ......................................................... 179
Figure 6-18: Variation of temperature at the end of the spill event .............................................................. 181
Figure 6-19: Temperature change 15 minutes after the end of spill event..................................................... 182
Figure 6-20: Variation of temperature one hour after the event .................................................................. 183
Figure 6-21: Variation in temperature two hours after the spill ................................................................... 184
Figure 6-22: Variation in temperature seven hours after the spill ................................................................ 185
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF MAPS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 15
LIST OF MAP
Map 2-1: Layout Map of Site ..................................................................................................................29
Map 3-1: Land Use and Land Cover Map ..................................................................................................49
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 16
LIST OF PHOTOGRAPHS
Photograph 1: Site Photographs .............................................................................................................22
Photograph 2: Land Use ........................................................................................................................45
Photograph 3: Meteorological Station Set up Photographs ...........................................................................53
Photograph 4: Ambient Air Sampling Photographs .....................................................................................60
Photograph 5: Ambient Noise Monitoring..................................................................................................69
Photograph 6: Soil Sampling Photographs ................................................................................................74
Photograph 7: Industries in the study area ...............................................................................................84
Photograph 8: Animal Husbandry in the study area ....................................................................................85
Photograph 9 : Place of Religious Importance in the study area ....................................................................86
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 17
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
AAQM Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
ABPL Aadesh Brine Private Limited
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BSI Botanical Survey of India
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CO Carbon Monoxide
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
CPCB Central Pollution Control Board
CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone
CZMA Coastal Zone Management Authority
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ERC Emergency Release Coupling
ETP Effluent Treatment Plant
FAE Functional Area Expert
FSWAI Friends Salt Works & Allied Industries
GOI Government of India
GPS Global positioning system
HLA High Level Alarm
IUCN International Union for Conservation
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
KEC Kadam Environmental Consultants
KLD Kilo Liters per Day
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
LU Land use
LULC Land use and Land cover
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
NOC No Objection Certificate
PM Particulate Matter
PPEs Personnel Protective Equipment
SOx Oxides of Sulphur
SPL Sound Pressure Level
SS Suspended Solid
STP Sewage Treatment Plant
TDS Total Dissolved Solid
TFH Thermic Fluid Heater
WHC Water Holding Capacity
ZSI Zoological Survey of India
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 18
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED
ACCIDENT: An accident may be defined as “an undesirable and unplanned event with or without or major or
minor damage consequence to life and/or property.”
AMBIENT: Ambient temperature is temperature of the surrounding area.
AN INCIDENT: An incident is emergent situation of any critical deviation in the process control or otherwise that
may lead to a major accident / potential emergency and disaster.
ANEMOMETER: A device used to measure speed of wind or any other moving gas.
ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY: Atmospheric Stability is defined in terms of vertical temperature gradient in the
atmosphere. It is usually described using the system of categories developed by Pasquill. The categories of stability
class are identified by the letter A to F (or sometimes A-G)
Neutral stability occurs typically, when there is total cloud cover and is designed by category D (The temperature
gradient = adiabatic lapse rate) Unstable conditions occur when the sun is shining. The unstable conditions are
designated by the letters A-C with A is the least stable condition stable conditions occur on clear, calm nights, when
the air near the ground is stratified and free from turbulence and are designated by the letter E &F. Sometimes an
additional category G is used for exceptionally stable conditions. Neutral conditions correspond to a rate of decrease
in temperature with height of about 1°C per meters, vertically. For the dispersion study D & C stability class has
been considered.
BUND/DYKE: Raised ground or a wall built near creek water, to retain water comes inside the dry dock.
COASTAL ZONE: A spatial zone where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs.
CRZ I:
A. The areas that are ecologically sensitive and the geo-morphical features which play a role in the maintaining in
the integrity of the coast.
B. The area between Low Tide Line and High Tide Line.
CRZ II: The areas that have been developed up to or close to the shoreline.
CRZ III: Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those do not belong to either CRZ-I or II which include coastal
zone in the rural areas (developed and undeveloped) and also areas within municipal limits or in other legally
designated urban areas; which are not substantially built up.
CRZ IV:
A. The water area from the Low Tide Line to twelve nautical miles on the seaward side;
B. shall include the water area of the tidal influenced water body from the mouth of the water body at the sea up
to the influence of tide which is measured as five parts per thousand during the driest season of the year.
COASTLINE: Where the land meets the sea or ocean.
CREEK: A stream or channel in a coastal marsh.
CHRONIC: Of long duration or having frequent recurrence. Chronic health effects are those that become apparent
or continue for some time after exposure to hazardous chemicals.
CONTAMINANT: A harmful, irritating or moisture material that is foreign to the normal atmosphere.
DENSITY: The mass of Unit Volume of a substance e.g. kg/m3
DISASTER: A disaster is catastrophic consequence of a major emergency / accident that leads to, not only
extensive damage to life and property but also disrupts all normal human activity for a pretty long time and
requires a major national and international effort for rescue and rehabilitation of those affected.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 19
ESTUARY: The part of the wide lower course of a river where it’s current is met by the tides.
EMERGENCY: Emergency means a situation leading to a circumstance or set of circumstances in which there is
danger to the life or health of persons or which could result in big fire or explosion or pollution to the work and
outside environment, affecting the workers or neighbourhood in a serious manner, demanding immediate action.
HAZARD: Hazard may be defined as “the potential of an accident.” Hazard exists in man and the system of
materials and machines.
HAZARD LINE: The land area falling between the hazard line and 500 mts from HTL on the landward sides, in
case of seafront and between the hazard line and 100 mts line in case of tidal influenced water body the word
‘hazard line’ denotes the line demarcated by Ministry of Environment and Forests (hereinafter referred to as the
MoEF) through the Survey of India (hereinafter referred to as the SoI) taking into account tides, waves, sea level
rise and shoreline changes.
HIGH TIDE LINE: The High Tide Line means the line on the land up to which the highest water line reaches
during the spring tide The High Tide Line shall be demarcated uniformly in all parts of the country by the
demarcating authority or authorities so authorised by the Central Government.
INTERTIDAL ZONE: Land area between HTL and Low Tide Line (hereinafter referred to as the LTL) which will be
termed as the intertidal zone.
ON SITE EMERGENCY PLAN: On Site Emergency Plan is to be prepared by occupier of industrial Units as per
Schedule 8A under Rule 68(J) (12) of Gujarat Factories Rules 1963(2004).
RISK: Risk of an accident may be defined as “the chance or probability or likelihood of an accident being caused in
a given man-material-machine system.
SENSITIVE POPULATIONS: Groups of people that may be more susceptible than the general population to the
toxic effects of the release due to pre-existing health condition (patients in hospitals, pregnant women etc.) or age
(elderly people infants, handicaps).
SPILL: Spill is large liquid releases from a bulk storage tank/process vessel.
VULNERABILITY: It can be defined as “the zone of influence of an emergency in and around the facility
concerned.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM LIST OF PERSONS MET INSTITUTIONS VISITED
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 20
LIST OF PERSONS MET AND INSTITUTIONS VISITED
Sr. No Name of Person Designation Institution
1 Dr E. Velappan Associate Professor Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University,
Chennai
2 Mr Satish - Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University,
Chennai
3 Ms Sandhya - Saurashtra Enviro Projects Pvt. Ltd.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM INTRODUCTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 21
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Purpose of the Report
The purpose of this EIA report is:
To identify environmental aspects and impacts arising from the Bitumen storage and handling project (by the
project proponent mentioned in the next Section). Project site at Kandla falls in Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ)
areas1
Propose mitigation measures and an Environment Management Plan for the project, and
Thereafter seek Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ) clearance for the same, following the due process of law laid
down in the CRZ Notification 2011 as amended till date.
The High Tide Line marking of the study area has to be demarcated by the institutions authorized by the Central
Government in accordance with the guide lines issued in this regard. For High tide line marking in the study area,
Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University, Chennai (a MoEF authorized agency) had been engaged to
demarcate the High Tide Line (HTL) and Low Tide Line (LTL) in and around the proposed development of Bitumen
Storage and handling unit, along the Gulf of Kachchh so far as the CRZ Notification, 2011 and as per the
subsequent corrigendum is concerned. CRZ maps (1:4000 scale) showing the High tide Line demarcated by the
authorized agency has been attached as Annexure 1. Permitting activities falling under CRZ area is given in Table
1-1.
Table 1-1: Permitted Activities falling under CRZ area
S. No. Activity CRZ category Clause permitting activity (CRZ notification 2011)
1. Pipeline CRZ I A 3 (i) (a); 8 I (i) (b)
2. Bitumen Tanks CRZ III 8 III B (iv)
This report is prepared based on ‘General Structure of EIA’ given in Appendix III and IIIA of EIA Notification, 2006
as amended till date.
1.2 Identification of project proponent
Aadesh Brine Private Limited is a Private company incorporated on 31st December 2012. It is classified as Non-
government Company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Ahmedabad.
Aadesh Brine Pvt Ltd is setting up a Bitumen Storage Terminal in Kandla. Bitumen is a binder material for Asphalt mix. India Govt. and State Govt. of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan has many proposals to improve & construct Road Network. Most of ongoing and upcoming road projects are of bituminous road which cause huge demand of Bitumen and demand is higher than its supply. Based on local demand, strategic location and land availability Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. taking opportunity to construct Bitumen Storage & Handling Terminal at Kandla Port. In the year 2016, Kandla Port Trust allotted a piece of plot to Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd by E-Tender Notice for the purpose of “Storage & Handling of Bitumen”.
1 As per the CRZ Notification 2011, as amended till date, storage of non-hazardous cargo within Notified ports are
requiring CRZ Clearance from the competent authority (in this case the MoEF&CC, Delhi).
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM INTRODUCTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 22
1.3 Brief Description of the Project
1.3.1 Nature of Project & its Significance
It is a Greenfield project, Site has existing storage tank which was previously used for Ballast water and now is
unused, and same will be dismantled. The plot area is 2795 sqm. The plot has been given on Lease by Kandla Port
Trust. Land possession Note for the same from Kandla Port is given in Annexure 2.
Existing Tank owner is Kandla Port Trust. Tank was built by KPT during 1989-90 for the purpose of receiving dirty
ballast from oil tankers. Initial 5 years Tank was not allotted to any company. Year 1995 KPT allotted Tank to M/s
Jaishu Shipping. Capacity of Tank is 4000 MT and was allotted for providing Shore facilities for receiving Dirty
Ballast from Oil Tankers at Old Kandla. Then Jaishu Shipping loading from Storage tank to Lorrie and sending out
side KPT area for disposing at KPT designated place. This operation continue till 2004 and later stopped. Before
Aadesh Brine, KPT not allotted plot to any other company or not even used for other purpose.
1.3.2 Location
The site is located near Oil jetty 1 of Kandla Port Trust at approximate Latitude 23° 01' 39.77" N and Longitude 70°
13' 10.08" E in Gandhidham Taluka, Kachchh District, Gujarat.
Photograph 1: Site Photographs
Proposed Site Meteorological Data Collection
1.4 Scope of study
The scope of work for this EIA included collection of baseline data with respect to major environmental
components, viz. air, noise, water, land, biological and socio-economic components for 12 weeks.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 23
2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This chapter provides a condensed description of those aspects of the project likely to cause environmental effects.
Details are described in following sections with regards to type, need, location, size or magnitude of project
operations, technology and other related activities.
2.1 Type of Project
The proposed project is of Bitumen Storage & Handling unit at Kandla Port near Oil Jetty 1. Bitumen is a non-
hazardous product and MSDS for Bitumen is attached as Annexure 5. Storage capacity and throughput is as
mentioned in Table 2-1.
Table 2-1: Storage Details and Throughput
S. No. Product No. of Tanks Total Storage capacity (KL) Throughput per Annum
1. Bitumen 5 Nos. 15,379 200,000 MT
2.2 Need for the project
Bitumen is a binder material for Asphalt mix. India Govt. and State Govt. of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan
has many proposals to improve & construct Road Network. Most of ongoing and upcoming road projects are of
bituminous road which cause huge demand of Bitumen and demand is higher than its supply. Based on local
demand, strategic location and land availability Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. taking opportunity to construct Bitumen
Storage & Handling Terminal at Kandla Port.
2.3 Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site
layout)
2.3.1 General Location of the Site
The site is located at Kandla Port at approximate Latitude 23° 01' 39.77" N and Longitude 70° 13' 10.08" E in
Gandhidham Taluka, Kachchh District, Gujarat. The total site area of the project is 2795 sqm.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 24
Figure 2-1: General Location Map of the Project Site
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 25
2.3.2 Specific Location of the Project Site and Pipeline
Project site is located at Plot admeasuring 2795 sq.mt. Coordinates for the project site boundary is given in below
Table 2-2 and pipeline coordinates are given in Table 2-3.
Table 2-2: Coordinates of the Project Boundary
Sr. No. Latitude Longitude
1 23° 01' 40.35" N 70° 13' 11.25" E
2 23° 01' 40.81" N 70° 13' 09.12" E
3 23° 01' 39.45" N 70° 13' 08.76" E
4 23° 01' 39.01" N 70° 13' 10.90" E
Table 2-3: Coordinates of the Pipeline route
Sr. No. Latitude Longitude
1. 23° 01' 39.46" N 70° 13' 10.40" E
2. 23° 01' 39.47" N 70° 13' 10.40" E
3. 23° 01' 39.49" N 70° 13' 10.34" E
4. 23° 01' 40.43" N 70° 13' 10.64" E
5. 23° 01' 40.46" N 70° 13' 10.66" E
6. 23° 01' 40.49" N 70° 13' 10.71" E
7. 23° 01' 40.31" N 70° 13' 11.38" E
8. 23° 01' 40.38" N 70° 13' 11.40" E
9. 23° 01' 40.14" N 70° 13' 12.28" E
10. 23° 01' 39.88" N 70° 13' 12.20" E
11. 23° 01' 37.25" N 70° 13' 22.17" E
Figure 2-2: Satellite Image for Coordinates of Site Boundary and Pipeline Route
Site Boundary Pipeline Route
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 26
Figure 2-3: Specific Site Location on Satellite Image
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 27
2.3.3 Approach and Connectivity to the site
By Road
Kandla Port is well connected from Gandhidham by NH-8A. From Khari-Rohar, Kandla Port is connected by K.K.
Road. There is a connecting road between NH-8A and K.K. Road near IOC LPG. From K.K. Road, site is accessible
by internal road network.
By Rail
The nearest railway station is Gandhidham, at a distance of ~10 km in NW direction on Western Railway’s.
Gandhidham, is a broad gauge (BG) railway station.
By Air
Kandla Airport is located 15 kms in NW direction. Also, Bhuj airport is at a distance of ~60 km in NW direction from
the project site. Bhuj is connected to Mumbai by air. Nearest International airport is at Ahmedabad.
2.4 Size or magnitude of operation (including associated activities required by or for the
project)
2.4.1 Land Distribution at Site
Table 2-4: Area Statement
Sr. No. Description Area (Sq. Mt.)
1. Tanks 808.95
2. H.T. Yard 80.00
3. Electrical Panel Room 22.00
4. D.G. Shed 22.00
5. Weigh Bridge Platform 72.00
6. Porta Cabins 33.00
7. Admin Building 27.00
8. U/G tank, security cabin, rest shed, fire-fighting pump shed, collection tank 74.34
9. Bitumen Pump house 40.00
10. Heater Service area 64.00
11. Coal Storage 16.00
12. Heater Area 56.00
13. Green Belt 225.00
14. Paved Area 1254.71
Total 2795.00
The key plan and Site Layout map are shown in Figure 2-4 & Map 2-1 respectively.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 28
Figure 2-4: Key Plan of the Site
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 29
Map 2-1: Layout Map of Site
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 30
2.5 Proposed Schedule for Approval and Implementation
Activities Start Finish
Conceptual engineering April,2017 June,2017
Feasibility study April,2017 July,2017
Basic engineering July,2017 October,2017
Coastal Regulation Zone clearance 16.10.2017 31.08.2018
Land 05.09.2016 13.01.2017
Detailed engineering to commence February,2018 April,2018
Construction to commence September,2018 April,2019
Terminal to be commissioned May,2019 May,2019
2.6 Technology and Process Description
Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. (ABPL) will import Bitumen which will be received by Ship at oil Jetty 1. From Jetty it will be
transferred to storage tanks through pipeline. ABPL will transfer Bitumen through Jetty and by road tankers in India
as per market demand. Aadesh Brine will not carry out any manufacturing activity.
2.6.1 Process Description
Inside Terminal, facility proposed Storage Tanks, Pipelines, Thermic Fluid (TF) Heater, Pumps, Electrical Power
Plant, Truck Loading Platform, Air Compressor and Weigh Bridge. Outside terminal facility proposed 300 mm dia
Pipeline from Jetty.
Philosophy of Terminal is:
A. Receiving of Bitumen from Ship to Terminal through Jetty Pipeline
B. Heating Jetty Pipeline just before receiving of Bitumen from ship
C. Storing of Bitumen in Main Storage Tank
D. Transfer Bitumen from Main Storage Tank to Day Tank
E. Heating of Bitumen in Storage Tank
F. Heating of Internal Pipeline
G. Delivery of Bitumen from Day Tank to Truck & Main Tank to Ships.
Details
1. Vertical MS Tank of 18 m dia. & 20 m height (1 No.), 17 m dia. & 20 m height (2 nos), 8 m dia. & 12 m height
(2 nos) with Insulation.
Total capacity = 1 x 5091 + 2 x 4541 + 2 x 603 = 15,379 MT
2. 120 cum/hr cap. Pump for delivery Bitumen from Tank to Truck Loading Platform x 2 Nos.
3. 500 cum/hr cap. Pump for delivery Bitumen from Tank to Ship x 1 No.
4. 300 mm dia Pipeline with Insulation from Jetty to Terminal for receiving Bitumen from Ship, 500 m long.
5. 200 mm dia. Pipeline with Insulation from Tank to Pump & then pump to Truck Loading Platform, 250 m long.
6. Both Jetty Pipeline & Terminal Pipeline, all Pumps, Tank bottom shall be heated by heater by TF Heating coil.
7. Bitumen receiving Temperature from ships shall be 110-120 deg. C.
8. Bitumen delivery Temperature from Tanks shall be 140-150 deg. C.
9. 2 Nos Tank of 603 MT cap. shall be handle for day loading, once day Tanks are empty, Bitumen shall be
circulate from main Tank to day Tank. That means day Tank (2 nos 603 MT cap. Tank) Temperature shall
maintained at 140-150 deg. C all time. Other 3 nos main Tank Temperature shall be maintained at 120 deg. C.
10. While Bitumen Receiving from Ships or Delivery to Ships, Jetty Pipeline shall also be heated 2 days before ships
arrival.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 31
11. Terminal Pipeline heating shall maintain all time.
12. Imported Coal is available locally. Based on imported coal, a Coal Fired Thermic Fluid Heater proposed to
maintain Bitumen Temperature and Pipeline Temperature. A flow diagram is shown below to understand
complete philosophy of operation.
A flow diagram is shown below to understand complete philosophy of operation.
Proposed facilities are like below mention:
Tank Capacity
The proposed storage capacity of 15379 KL with 5 tanks. Details are provided in Section 2.7.1.
Bitumen Transfer from Jetty
Bitumen is received by ship (estimated maximum shipment of 25000 MT per month). Bitumen would
be pumped by the ship at min. 110 ºC to 120 ºC, as it has its own heating arrangement.
The transfer of bitumen from ship to the storage tanks is through heat traced, Polyisocyanurate insulated seamless
pipeline of 300 mm dia.
Storage Tanks Instrumentation
The storage tanks would have simple float type level measurement and with averaging temperature measurement
along the tank height. Temperature and pressure gauges at tank bottom and as required also providing with
Bitumen & TF Pipelines.
Storage Tanks and Pipe Heating / Insulation
Storage tanks would have heating coils with thermic fluid circulation and external Rockwool insulation. Storage
tanks would be maintained at min.110-120 ºC. Two day tank of capacity 603 MT each needs to heat and deliver at
140-150 ºC so that Bitumen Truck reach the end user with at least 130 ºC.
The tanks are currently proposed to be insulated with minimum 100 mm rock-wool insulation at side and top and
the tank bottom with refractory insulating castable with efficient insulation property above Bitumen carpet on tank
foundation.
All lines used for bitumen transfer within and outside terminal facility would be Polyisocyanurate insulated and have
heat tracing.
Positive displacement (PD) Screw pumps used for bitumen transfer would have jacket provision for heating using
thermic fluid.
Bitumen Pumping System
2 no’s loading pumps are proposed for normal operations and one loading pump is proposed for vessel. Loading
pumps cater to tanker loading as well as transfer from one tank to other tank. The capacity of pumps is propose at
the rate of 120 m3/hr and the motor rating of 55 KW is proposed.
The capacity of vessel delivery pump is proposed at the rate of 500 m3/hr and the motor rating of 275 kw is
proposed.
Road Tanker and Vessel Loading
The road tankers get loaded at the structural built gantry and exit the terminal after weighing at the weigh-bridge.
Sufficient turning radius for trucks would be provided. 2 nos. of road tanker loading bays are proposed.
Vessel will get loaded through pipeline at Jetty from storage tank terminal.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 32
Thermic Fluid Heater
The storage facility will have a 2.0 m kcal/hour thermic fluid heater which is coal fired with chimney for the flue
gases as per CPCB norms. Based on space availability provision has been made to store and use the coal. It is
proposed that the feeding system to be vertical to save space.
Storage & Handling Details for Coal
Coal storage area will be one 4m x 4m size room with all 4 sides block. A Rolling Shutter shall fix at front side for
entry. Roof clearance shall be 5 m from floor. Exhaust fan shall fix on roof top for air circulation.
One Coal Crusher unit will install below floor level of coal storage room. Coal shall be push & pour inside coal
crushing hopper. Crushed Coal sizing should be between 2 to 8 mm and shall be transfer from crusher to Bunker
through Conveying system for fuel store. Coal can be store for 10 hrs consumption inside Bunker.
Coal feeder mounted with Furnace from Bunker and can be feed over furnace bed by auto mode comprising of
Rotary type feeder.
Fire Fighting System
The storage facility will have fire water hydrants facility for general fire protection. UG FW tanks considered.
Electrical and Instrumentation Facilities
All electrical connections could be industrial type
Electricals: Transformer, Circuit Breaker, Change Over, APFC panel, PD board, Cables, Cable Trays, Lighting, Earthing and Earth relays for safe operation.
Instrumentations: Temperature, Level and Pressure Indicators, Cable, Cable Trays, Joint Boxes for safe operation.
Utilities: Other than Heater & Pump also necessary Diesel Generator of 1 no 600 KVA and 1 no 60 KVA, 2 nos. 60 MT capacity Elevated Weigh Bridge and Quality Control Laboratory.
A flow diagram to understand complete philosophy of operation is given in Figure 2-5.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 33
Figure 2-5: Process Flow Diagram
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 34
2.7 Project Description
2.7.1 Storage Details
S. No. Type of Tank Chemicals to
be Stored Tanks
Storage Capacity in
KL
Maximum Quantity to be stored in
KL
Tank Height
( m)
Tank Dia (m)
Temperature (°C)
Pressure (bar)
Dyke/Bund area (m2)
Dyke/Bund Height (m)
1. Vertical MS Cylindrical
Welded Fixed Roof Tank
Bitumen
Tank No.1 4541 4500 20 17 120 2 NA 1.2
Tank No.2 4541 4500 20 17 120 2 NA 1.2
Tank No.3 5091 5000 20 18 120 2 NA 1.2
Tank No.4 603 600 12 8 160 1.2 NA 1.2
Tank No.5 603 600 12 8 160 1.2 NA 1.2
Total 15379 15200 - - - - - -
2.7.2 Pipeline Details
S. No.
Route of Pipeline Numbers Capacity / Volume of Pipeline
Remark
Operating Condition (pipeline)
Pipe Internal Dia. Area Covered
Length of Pipeline
(m)
Pump inflow
(kg/sec) Press bar Temp ºC inch mm
1 KPT Oil Jetty no. 1 to Aadesh Brine
Terminal 1 35 Cum
Transfer from Vessel to Vessel
12 Kg/Cm2 120 11.811 300 212 Sqm 500 140
2 Aadesh Brine
Terminal inside 2 12 Cum
Internal circulation & Truck loading
purpose 7 Kg/Cm2 160 9.84 250 98 Sqm 250 34
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM PROJECT DESCRIPTION
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 35
2.7.3 Power Requirement
The required power shall be sourced from Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited (PGVCL), which is 475 KV. Two
Diesel Generator sets will be provided of 600 KVA & 60 KVA at site for back-up.
Stack Details
Table 2-5: Air Stack Details
Sr. No.
Stack Attached
to Capacity
Stack Nos.
Stack Diameter in
mm
Stack Height in m
Type of Fuel used
Fuel consumption
Location
1 D.G. Set 600 KVA 1 200 5.50 HSD 101 Lit/hr At Site
2 D.G. Set 60 KVA 1 100 5.50 HSD 14 Lit/hr At Site
3 Thermic
Fluid Heater 2 m
Kcal/hr 1 700 30.50 Coal 479 Kg/hr At Site
2.7.4 Rainwater Harvesting Details
As per IMD data average rainfall of New Kandla is 407.4 mm/annum (0.407 m) and no. rainy days is 17.3 annually.
The estimated runoff quantum using different run off coefficient applicable for roof top, green belt and paved area
is given below:
Table 2-6: Land Area Breakup and Estimation of Runoff
S. No. Title Area, m2 Rainfall intensity (m) Runoff coefficient Runoff generated (m3)
1
Roof top
(Porta cabin admin building & security
buildings)
138 0.407 0.8 44.93
2 Paved 1251.05 0.407 0.5 254.58
3 Greenbelt 225 0.407 0.2 18.31
Total 317.82
From the above it is inferred that ~318 m3 effective run off water may likely to be available that can be stored in
the proposed tank for reuse.
Average rainwater available per day = 318 m3/17.3 rainy days/annum =18.38 m3/day
The likely storing capacity of proposed pond/tank will be 3 m×3 m×2 m i.e. to store 18 m3/day
2.7.5 Details of Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation
Source of Supply Water
Water will be supplied from Tanker. Permission Letter for Tanker has been attached herewith as Annexure 3.
Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details
At site area, water will be mainly used for following areas:
Washings
Domestic Usage
Total water consumption is estimated to 5.2 KLD and the total wastewater generation from the proposed unit will
be 5.0 KLD including domestic sewage and washing effluent. Washing will generate oily wash water.
One time water requirement for Fire water will be 59 KL and it will be sourced from Tanker.
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The breakup of water consumption and wastewater generation from the proposed unit is described in Table 2-7
and water balance diagram is presented in Figure 2-6.
Table 2-7: Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details
Sr. No. Area Water Consumption
in KLD
Wastewater Generation in KLD
Treatment / Disposal Mode
1 Domestic 2.2 2 Wastewater will be treated in ETP at site and treated
water will be sent to SEPPL for further treatment.
Certificate for the same has been attached as
Annexure 4.
2 Oily wash water 3.0 3.0
Total 5.2 5.0
Figure 2-6: Water Balance Diagram
2.7.6 Wastewater Treatment Plant Details
Total wastewater generated from the entire unit will be about 5 KLD including domestic and industrial effluent
which will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP and treated water will be sent to Saurashtra Enviro Projects Private
Limited (SEPPL) at Samkhiyali plant for further treatment. Provisional Certificate for the same has been attached
herewith as Annexure 4.
Wastewater Treatment System
Wastewater generated from the washing and domestic activities will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP. The
capacity of proposed wastewater treatment plant will be installed for 5 KLD capacity.
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List of ETP cum STP units with capacity is given in Table 2-8.
Table 2-8: List of ETP cum STP units with capacity
Sr. No. Unit Volume (m3)
1 Septic Tank 4.5
2 Collection cum Oil & Grease Trap 3.6
3 Aeration Tank 6.0
4 Final Collection Tank 1000 lit
5 Sludge Drying Beds 0.9 m2
Process Description of ETP
Septic Tank
Domestic sewage is collected into septic tank. Septic tank is provided for pre-treatment of sewage. The overflow of
septic tank will further transfer to aeration tank for biological treatment.
Collection cum Oil & Grease Tank
The industrial effluent like oily wash water will be collected into collection cum Oil & Grease Tank. Oil & Grease
Tank is provided to remove the floating oil & grease from the effluent and is provided with the baffle system. In
this tank effluent will pass through the Inlet baffle and continuously overflows to the Aeration Tank. During this
process Oil & Grease will be separated and floated on the surface and then after it will be removed manually. The
floating oil content separated from top of the tank will be collected separately in drums. This waste oil will be
disposed off as per SPCB norms. The treated effluent will be taken to Aeration Tank for further treatment
Aeration Tank - MBR
The combined wastewater i.e. primary treated effluent and sewage water will be subjected to MBR bio-reactor in an
aeration tank in MS Epoxy painted Construction. MBR module is fitted with necessary components like air diffuser
and filtration membrane with a pore size ranging from 0.1 micron to 0.01 micron. Diffused aerators will be
provided in the tank for air supply.
The backwash tank with backwash pump will be provided for cleaning of membranes. The MBR system will be
operated in AUTO MODE.
Final Collection Tank
Outlet from aeration tank will be collected in a Final Collection Tanks, where the treated effluent will be stored.
From this tank the treated effluent will be sent to SEPPL for further treatment.
Sludge Drying Beds
The Sludge from the wastewater treatment system is pumped by sludge recirculation pump to the Sludge Drying
Beds. The Beds consist of Gravel, stones, sands to filter the water sludge. The sludge to be dried under the sun and
dried sludge will be suitably disposed as per SPCB norms.
Process block diagram of proposed ETP cum STP is given in below:
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Figure 2-7: Process Block Diagram for ETP cum STP (5 KLD)
2.7.7 Quantification, Classification, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid / Hazardous
Waste
The solid / Hazardous Waste will be collected and temporarily stored in Hazardous Waste Storage Area as per
hazardous waste rules within the plant premises. The details of the hazardous waste generation, quantification,
classification, collection, transportation and disposal facility as per Hazardous Waste Rules 2008 and its amendment
are mentioned in Table 2-9.
Table 2-9: Hazardous Waste Generation Details
S. No.
Type of Waste
Hazardous Waste
Category
Generation Quantity
Unit Source Collection, Treatment /
Disposal
1 Used Oil 5.1 2 KL per year DG Set Sold to Authorized recyclers
2 Pig waste 3.3 8 Nos. per year Pipeline Send to SEPPL for incinerate
3 ETP Sludge 35.3 3.6 Ton per year Wastewater Treatment
Plant
Send to SEPPL
4 Waste Oil 35.4 486 Litre per year Send to SEPPL for incinerate
Waste oil generation is 1.5 lit/day. (Consider Viscosity of oil is 0.9 & Working days is 360 days)
Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility
For disposal of Hazardous/Incinerable waste, Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. has taken provisional certificate from
SEPPL, Kachchh for disposal of hazardous waste which is presented in Annexure 4.
The other hazardous waste like used oil will be sold to authorized venders.
The non-hazardous waste like paper, plastic, metal and wooden waste will be handed over to authorized re-
processors.
Storage and Handling of Solid/Hazardous Waste
All solid and hazardous waste with be handled with proper PPEs ensuring safety of the individuals working with the
solid and hazardous waste handling.
The wastes will be handed in drums and HDPE Bags and further transferred at the Disposal site.
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Three months storage with impervious flooring will be provided for hazardous waste storage to avoid leakage
problem.
Other Solids Wastes
Bio-medical Wastes
First aid centre is available at site. Very small quantity of waste comprises of discarded medicines, soiled waste
such as dressing, bandages and material contaminated with blood will be generated. The generated waste will be
periodically handed over to authorized vendors as per SPCB regulations and biomedical waste management rules
1998.
2.8 Transportation Details
Transportation of Bitumen will be done from oil Jetty 1 to storage terminal through designated pipeline. Bitumen
will be transferred through tankers from the terminal. Tanker size will range between 20 to 25 MT.
2.9 Employment Generation
Approx. 20 nos. of workers will get employment at site during operation phase and approx. 15-20 nos. of workers
will get temporary employment during construction phase.
2.10 Cost of the Project
Total estimated cost of Project is INR Rs. ~15 Crores.
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3 DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
3.1 Introduction
The baseline status of environmental quality in the vicinity of project site serves as the basis for establishment of
prevailing environment status and identification, prediction and evaluation of impacts. This chapter describes
existing environmental baseline data of the study area pertaining to the project activity.
3.2 Study Area
Study area is of Radius 7 km from Project site boundary. Study area map of proposed project on Google image
shown in Figure 2-3. Sampling location map within the study area is shown in Figure 3-1.
3.3 Monitoring Period
The baseline environmental quality was assessed for 12 weeks (From October, 2017 to January, 2018) by Kadam
Environmental Consultants. These 12 weeks period mainly covers Post-monsoon season. The environmental
baseline of the study area with respect to these parameters is discussed in subsequent sections.
3.4 Methodology
The baseline environmental quality was assessed through field studies within the impact zone for various
components of the environment viz. land, air, noise, water, ecological environment and socio-economic
environment with specific reference to environmental aspects, which may have a bearing on the impacts of the
project. This information is based on secondary information sources and constitutes remaining part of the baseline
environmental studies.
The guidelines given in the EIA Manual of the MoEF&CC and methodologies mentioned in Technical EIA Guidelines
Manual for Ship breaking & all yards by IL&FS Eco smart Ltd., approved by MoEF&CC is followed for conducting the
baseline environmental survey.
The entire data has been collected through actual physical surveys and observations, literature surveys, interaction
with locals, government agencies and departments.
3.4.1 Primary Data Collection
The following primary data was collected with respect to the environmental baseline:
Terrestrial Environment
Land use and Land cover
Meteorology and ambient air quality
Surface water quality
Ambient noise quality
Geology & Hydrogeology
Soil quality
Ecology & Biodiversity
Socio-economics
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Marine Environment
Water
Sediment
Ecology & Biodiversity
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Figure 3-1: Sampling Location Map – Terrestrial Environment
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3.4.2 Secondary Data Collection
Secondary data plays an important role in proper assessment of the baseline condition and gives an idea before the
primary data collection is started about the historical and present conditions of the area. Secondary data are
collected from already published and reliable sources.
3.5 Land use / Land cover
3.5.1 Classification of Land Use and Land Cover
The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA), Government of India, conducted a land use survey using Remote
Sensing Techniques in the year 1988-89 at the behest of the Planning Commission for classifying land by visual
interpretation techniques and digital techniques. NRSA’s output resulted in a two-level system of classification,
comprising seven primary land use / land cover categories. Some of these primary categories required further
delineation, leading to a second level of classification that resulted in further sub-categories.
This system of classification has been the basis for Kadam’s land use / land cover studies. Whilst these categories
are generally found relevant with respect to describing land use and land cover classes in the Indian context,
sometimes modifications are required, and made, to include additional sub-categories, which are more relevant in
describing the land use and land cover for a particular study. Such sub-categories are defined, in any case.
The definitions for the primary and secondary categories are provided in Annexure 5.
A synopsis of above discussion is summarized and presented in Table 3-1.
Table 3-1: Synopsis of Land use/ Land cover Classification in General
S. No. First Level Classification Second Level Classification
1. Built-up Land or Habitation Residential / Commercial
Industrial
2. Agricultural Land
Crop Land
Fallow Land
Plantations
3. Forests
Evergreen / Semi-Evergreen Forests
Deciduous Forests
Degraded Forest
Scrub (Forest)
Open Forest
Dense or Close Forest
Forest Blank
Forest Plantations
Mangroves
4. Wastelands
Salt encrustation
Waterlogged Land
Marshy / Swampy Land / Mud Land Area
Gullied / Ravenous Land
Land without Scrub
Sandy Area (Coastal and Desertic)
Barren Rocky / Stony Waste / Sheet Rock Area
5. Water Bodies
Reservoir / Lakes / Ponds / Tanks
River Beds
Creek
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S. No. First Level Classification Second Level Classification
Sea
6. Others
Shifting Cultivation
Salt pan
Grassland / Grazing Land/ Grass cover
Snow Covered / Glacial Area
Mining Area
7. Vegetation Cover
Scrub
Open vegetation
Close vegetation
Mangroves
3.5.2 General Study methodology
The study area covers a distance equal to 7 km from the project site boundary. The study methodology involved
the following steps:
Data Collection
Interpretation of satellite data
Ground truth Study
Final map preparation
Data Collection
This covers:
Downloading of remote sensing data using the licensed software, Google Earth Pro having high resolution
(<1.0 m) imagery
Open Source Map from Survey of India as base map
Quick reconnaissance survey of the study area by Kadam staff to get a general feel of the entire ground area
which can aid in the preliminary interpretation of the data.
Interpretation of Satellite Data
The downloaded satellite imagery was interpreted considering the basic elements of interpretation such as size,
shape, texture, pattern, location, association, shadow, aspect and resolution along with ground truth and ancillary
information collected during the preliminary reconnaissance survey the interpretation was accomplished. The
classification scheme followed in the project has been described earlier in Section 3.5.1.
Ground Truth Study
The aim of ground truth studies is to confirm whether the interpreted land uses are correct thus improving the
quality of the output. It also allows interaction with local parties and stakeholders, thereby giving background
information on the land use.
Ground truth study is carried out to check the discrepancy of the interpreted data. The survey consisted of
traversing the study area, crosschecking of identified features with those represented on the map. Field notes are
kept in the form of log sheets that recorded information pertaining to co-ordinates, photographs and identified land
uses. Additional features identified or remarks made against existing interpretation are also recorded.
3.5.3 Secondary Data Collection and Review
Survey of India Maps (Toposheet/Open Series Map)
Administrative Atlas by Census of India
District planning Map by National Atlas and thematic Mapping Organization
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List of National parks, Wildlife Sanctuary, Biodiversity Hotspot
3.5.4 Primary Data Collection and Review
The field survey was carried out around radial distance of 7 km from the project boundary.
Ground truth survey for Land Use has been done on dated 15th November 2017 by Land Use Land Cover expert.
GPS readings were taken during the survey wherever it was felt that additional confirmation in interpretation of the
data and also observations of land features were noted. Additionally, spot checks were also done to confirm the
land use / land cover interpretation even where confidence of interpretation was high.
Photograph 2: Land Use
Mangroves at Nakti creek Scrub near Khari Rohar
At site Kandla Colony
Salt Pan near Nakti Creek Kandla Creek
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Table 3-2 enumerates the land features and its corresponding GPS readings of all the ground truthing locations
selected.
Table 3-2: GPS Readings within Study Area
S. No. Location Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Classes / Remarks
1 NH 8A (Kandla port Road) 23° 01' 58.76" 70° 09' 31.94" Mangroves
2 NH 8A (Kandla port Road) 23° 01' 59.83" 70° 09' 32.97" Nakti Creek
3 Near friends salt works 23° 01' 38.16" 70° 11' 30.02" Mudflat
4 Khari Rohar 23° 04' 22.25" 70° 09' 52.83" Scrub
5 Bridge (K.K.Raod) 23° 03' 33.83" 70° 10' 20.87" Nakti Creek
6 Towards Kandla port 23° 02' 19.02" 70° 11' 17.72" Salt Pans
7 At Old Kandla Colony 23° 02' 0.54" 70° 12' 37.98" Residential
8 At IFFCO 23° 01’ 56.95" 70° 13' 2.20" Industry
9 At New Kandla Colony 23° 01' 21.78" 70° 12' 49.33" Residential
10 At Site 23° 01' 40.31" 70° 13' 10.27" Scrub
3.5.5 Key Findings
Land use and Land cover Pattern of Study Area
The land use and land cover of the above mentioned study area comprises of following categories:
Table 3-3: Synopsis of Land use/ Land cover Classification in the Study Area
S. No. First Level Classification Second Level Classification
1. Built-up Land or Habitation Residential / Commercial
Industrial
2. Wastelands
Land without Scrub
Muddy area
Mud Flat
3. Water Bodies Reservoir / Lakes / Ponds / Tanks
Creek
4. Others Salt Pan
5. Vegetation Cover
Scrub
Open vegetation
Mangroves
The images classified into the above-mentioned classes for different regions of interest are given in Map 3-1.
All land uses are discussed in the subsequent sub-sections.
Built-up Land
Residential / Commercial
This class covers only ~ 0.3 % of the study area. Fishermen colony and Kandla Colony is also present in the study
area.
Industrial Area
The Industrial Class covered as 5.5 % of the study area and defined by the major Industries like IFFCO, IOC LPG,
IOC Terminal, FSWAI etc. Major imports entering the Port of Kandla are petroleum, chemicals, steel and
iron machinery, but it also handles salt, textiles and grain. So considerable part within study area has been
occupied by terminals and ware houses. Fisheries is also one of the industrial activity in study area.
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Wastelands
Muddy area
It covers 0.6% of the study area
Mud Flats
Most observed class covered ~38 % of the study area. Entire eastern side of Kandla Creek is intertidal in nature
and vast expanses of mudflats present here.
Water Bodies
Creek
Two major creeks namely Nakti Creek and Kandla creek, initiated from the Gulf of Kutch are present within the
study area. The Nakti creek runs along the south-western side of study area while the Kandla creek goes along
north-south.
Others
Salt Pan
Second dominant category covering ~19 % of study area.
Vegetation Cover
Scrub and open vegetation
This class is dominated with Prosopis Juliflora and only ~0.15% of study area is covered with this category.
Mangroves
This class Covers 20% of the study area. Mangrove trees especially Avicennia Alba are present.
Class Wise Area Statistics
The area statistics of these classes in the study area is presented in Table 3-4.
Table 3-4: Area Statistics for Land Use / Land Cover Categories in the Study Area
S. No.
Level 1
classification
Level 2
classification
Area, Level 2 classes Area, Level 1 classes
Ha. ~km2 ~% Ha. ~km2 ~%
1. Built-up Land or Habitation
Residential / Commercial
33.4 0.33 0.215 1010.0 10.10 6.514
Industrial 976.6 9.77 6.299
2. Wastelands
Land without scrub 62.7 0.63 0.404
5965.9 59.66 38.477 Muddy area 104.8 1.05 0.676
Mud flats 5798.5 57.98 37.397
3. Water Bodies
Reservoir / Lakes / Ponds / Tanks
41.9 0.42 0.270 2387.0 23.87 15.395
Creek 2345.1 23.45 15.124
4. Others Salt pans 2971.0 29.71 19.161 2971.0 29.71 19.161
5. Vegetation
Cover
Scrub 19.0 0.19 0.123
3171.3 31.71 20.453 Open Vegetation 4.5 0.04 0.029
Mangroves 3147.8 31.48 20.302
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Note: Roads, Railways and canals are not calculated separately in area statistics
Pie Chart of Level 1 classification in the study area is shown in Figure 3-2.
Figure 3-2: Pie Chart of Level 1 Classification in the study area
Final Map Preparation
The proportional presence of different land uses and land cover in terms of statistical percentages was derived for
the study area. Appropriate legends were used to represent the various categories of land use and land cover, and
were then presented in the prepared land use and land cover map. The map is attached as Error! Reference source
not found.. Site and its sensitivity is given in Table 3-5. This concluded the land use land cover identification and
description component of the study area.
Table 3-5: Site and its Sensitivity
S. No. Sensitive Ecological Features Name of feature /
Location Distance
(km) Direction
1 Inland, Coastal, marine waters Kandla Creek ~0.1 E
Khari Creek ~3.5 SW
2 National Highway NH-8A ~1.3 SSW
3 State Highway SH-46 ~9.4 WNW
4 Airport Kandla ~15 NW
5 Railway station Gandhidham ~10 NW
This concluded the land use land cover identification and description component of the study area.
Built-up Land or Habitation Wastelands
Water Bodies Others
Vegetation Cover
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Map 3-1: Land Use and Land Cover Map
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3.6 Meteorology and Air Quality Modelling
3.6.1 General Study Methodology
The general approach and methodology for meteorology and air pollution monitoring, assessment and management
is provided in Table 3-6 &Table 3-11.
3.6.2 Meteorology
Site specific meteorological data was collected at Ahir Salt Premises, Kandla. The general approach and
methodology for meteorology data collection is provided in Table 3-6.
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Table 3-6: Monitoring Methodology of Meteorological Data
S. No.
Env. Component Sampling location
Total Sampling
Period
Sampling Frequency
Sample Collection & Analysis
Method Parameters
Field Instrument
Analytical Instrument
Sensitivity Detection
Limit
1 Micro-
Meteorological Data
01
Location
12 weeks (Oct’17 – Jan’18)
24-hour data collection with hourly reading
recording
Temperature Thermometer Data Logger 1oC -40 to +60 oC USEPA 421
Relative Humidity Hygrometer Data Logger 1% 0-100% “
Wind Speed Wind
Anemometer Data Logger 0.1 km/hr
0 to 200 km/hr
“
Wind Direction Wind Vane Data Logger 3 degrees 0 to 359 degrees
“
Rainfall Rain Gauge Data Logger - 1mm “
Cloud Cover Visual - - -
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Secondary Data Collection & Review
Secondary data for weather conditions in the region is available from Long-term Climatological Tables attached as
an Annexure 7 for 30 years i.e. from 1981-2010, published by Indian Meteorological Department. New
Kandla_42639 is the nearest IMD Station from proposed project site located at an aerial distance of ~2.00 km
towards south direction.
Long-term climatological data analysed / reviewed for important parameters like Temperature, Humidity, wind
speed, wind direction, cloud cover and Rainfall. The findings are:
Temperature
In post monsoon season mean daily maximum temperature was recorded between 27.6 – 34.9 oC. The extreme
highest 41.4 oC was recorded on 9th October’ 2002. Mean daily minimum temperature was recorded between 16.0-
24.6 oC. The extreme lowest 7.2 oC was recorded on 27th December 1989.
Humidity
In post monsoon season humidity in morning hours ranges between 62-74 % while in evening hours it was
between 41-46%.
Cloud Cover
Cloud cover variation was observed in each season. In post monsoon season during morning hours cloud cover
range was 0.9 Oktas and in evening hours it was ranges between 0.8 - 1.0 Oktas.
Rainfall
Annual total rainfall was recorded 407.3 mm. season wise distribution include, 0.2 mm in winter (Jan-Feb), while
4.0 mm in summer(Mar-May), 384.4 mm in monsoon (Jun-Sep) and 18.7 mm in post monsoon (Oct-Dec). It was
observed that, 94% rainfall was in monsoon season.
Wind Speed
High to Moderate wind speed is normal phenomenon in the region because area is coastal belt. Throughout the
year wind speed remains between 1-19 Kmph. It was observed between 20 - 41 Kmph occasionally during post
monsoon period. The calm condition was mostly not observed.
Wind Direction
Details of wind regime is shown in Table 3-7.
Table 3-7: Wind regime as per IMD Long-Term Data - New Kandla station
Season Month Hours Wind blow from
I Predominant II Predominant III Predominant
Winter
January I N NW NE
II N NE SW/NW
February I N NW NE/W
II N/SW S NE
Summer
March I W NW N/SW
II SW S N
April I SW W NW
II SW S W
May I SW W S
II SW W S
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Season Month Hours Wind blow from
I Predominant II Predominant III Predominant
Monsoon
June I SW W S
II SW W S
July I SW W S
II SW W S
August I SW W S
II SW W S
September I W SW NW
II SW W S
Post Monsoon
October I N NW W
II SW S N
November I N NW NE
II N NE SW
December I N NW NE
II N NE NW
Annual I SW W N
II SW W S
I Morning hours
II Evening hours
Primary Data Collection & Review
Micrometeorological data collected at administrative office of Ahir Salt at Kandla Port about 2.00 km from project
site within study area.
These location is selected due to safety reason and uninterrupted power supply. Technically also the Wind speed
and wind direction sensors fitted at 10 mtr height above surface land and the exposure is good.
Table 3-8: Meteorological Data Station Details
S.
No.
Station Code
AAQM Station Coordinates
(Lat. & Long.) Direction
Distance Km
Rationale
1 M001 At Ahir Salt Premises
23° 02' 12.31" N
70° 12' 32.98" E NW 2.00
To collect Micro-meteorological Data within study area
Refer for Table 3-6 methodology, selected parameters and frequency of data collection.
Photograph 3: Meteorological Station Set up Photographs
Meteorological Station at Ahir Salt Meteorological Station at Ahir Salt
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Key Findings
Data Analysis and Observations
Summary of micrometeorological data collected within study area during study period shown in Table 3-9.
Table 3-9: Summary micrometeorological data for study Period Oct’17 to Jan’18 (Mainly covers Post-
monsoon season)
Parameter Unit Max Min Average
Temperature °C 35.6 11.7 24.7
Humidity % 82.4 17.4 41.0
Wind Speed Kmph 30.2 0.0 10.0
Wind Direction From NNE - -
Cloud Cover Oktas 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rainfall mm 0.0 0.0 0.0
The data obtained has been compiled to obtain average data. Compiled mean meteorological data for 24 hours
period is shown in Table 3-9.
Specific observations observed during study period are as follows:
Temperature
Mean average temperature was recorded 25.3 oC. The extreme maximum temperature was recorded 35.7 oC and
extreme minimum temperature was recorded 11.7 oC.
Humidity
Mean daily humidity was recorded 40.2% respectively. The extreme maximum humidity was recorded 82.4% and
extreme minimum humidity was 17% during monitoring period.
Wind speed
Mean average wind speed was recorded 10.8 Kmph. The extreme maximum was recorded 30.2 Kmph and extreme
minimum was 0.0 Kmph for the monitoring period.
Rainfall
Rainfall was not recorded during monitoring period.
Cloud Cover
Sky was clear throughout the monitoring period.
Table 3-10: Site specific Meteorological Data during Monitoring Period
Time Temp. R.H WS Wind Direction Cloud cover Rainfall
(Hrs.) °C % m/s k/h (Degree) (From) % Octas (mm)
0.00 23.7 42.2 2.9 9.8 337 NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0
1.00 23.6 42.8 2.7 9.3 315 NW 0.0 0.0 0.0
2.00 23.4 42.9 2.8 9.6 22 / 337 NNE/NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0
3.00 23.1 43.8 2.8 9.5 337 NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0
4.00 23.0 44.5 3.0 10.1 315 NW 0.0 0.0 0.0
5.00 22.7 46.1 2.9 10.0 45 / 22 NE/NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
6.00 22.6 47.4 3.1 10.4 337 NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0
7.00 22.6 47.0 3.0 10.1 22 / 337 NNE/NNW 0.0 0.0 0.0
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Time Temp. R.H WS Wind Direction Cloud cover Rainfall
(Hrs.) °C % m/s k/h (Degree) (From) % Octas (mm)
8.00 23.1 46.7 2.8 9.5 315 NW 0.0 0.0 0.0
9.00 23.9 44.5 2.8 9.7 0 N 0.0 0.0 0.0
10.00 24.9 41.0 2.9 10.0 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
11.00 25.9 38.4 3.3 11.0 45 / 22 NE/NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
12.00 26.6 36.4 3.1 10.6 45 / 22 NE/NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
13.00 27.1 35.4 3.1 10.4 45 NE 0.0 0.0 0.0
14.00 27.4 34.6 3.2 10.7 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
15.00 27.6 33.6 3.2 10.9 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
16.00 27.3 34.2 3.1 10.5 45 / 22 NE/NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
17.00 26.9 35.4 3.1 10.4 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
18.00 26.1 38.0 3.2 10.9 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
19.00 25.2 39.8 2.9 9.9 45 NE 0.0 0.0 0.0
20.00 24.6 41.2 2.8 9.6 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
21.00 23.9 42.4 2.7 9.2 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
22.00 23.7 43.1 2.7 9.1 315 NW 0.0 0.0 0.0
23.00 23.6 42.6 2.8 9.5 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
Average 24.7 41.0 2.9 10.0 22 NNE 0.0 0.0 0.0
Overall during monitoring period compiled mean average daily temperature remains below 30 oC, humidity remains
below 50%, wind speed was, 10.0 Kmph mostly from NNE direction. There was low cloud cover and rainfall was not
recorded in the monitoring period.
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Figure 3-3: Wind rose diagram for monitoring period
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3.7 Ambient Air Quality
The atmosphere acts as the natural sink, which comprises of a dynamic system that absorbs various pollutants from
natural as well as man-made sources. Gases such as CO, CO2, SO2 and NOX as well as particulate matter (PM2.5
and PM10) such as sand and dust, are continuously released into the atmosphere through natural as well as man-
made pollutants. The pollutants travel through the air, disperse and may interact with other substances in the
atmosphere before they reach a sink, such as a water body, vegetation or a human receptor. If the pollutants enter
the atmosphere before they are absorbed by natural sinks then they are accumulated in the air. Such a disturbance
in a dynamic equilibrium in the atmosphere by the air pollutants released by anthropogenic activities resulting in
considerable accumulation in the atmosphere may affect the adversely life on earth and its environment. Further,
the dilution and dispersion of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere depend upon the meteorological conditions
prevailing at a given place. As the ABPL is a storage terminal and activity is material loading via gentry from tank
to tankers. This condition is expected not to release any air pollutants in the existing area atmosphere.
General Study Methodology
The methodology for the air pollution and air quality management has been presented in conjunction with the same
already presented for meteorology in Section 3.6.
Parameters Monitored and Methods
It is development of vessel repairing terminal mainly for maintenance of a single vessel at a time. There is a point
source - DG set from which pollution will be occur during proposed project operation. The major pollutants
monitored are Particulate matter, SO2, NOx, CO and VOC.
AAQM monitoring was finalised as per IS 5182 methods mainly for selection of sampling locations. The sampling
methodology is given in Table 3-11 and detailed monitoring locations are in Table 3-12.
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Table 3-11: Methodology for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
S. No.
Env. Component
Sampling location
Total Sampling Period
Sampling Frequency
Sample Collection & Analysis
Method Parameters Field Instrument
Analytical Instrument
Sensitivity Detection
Limit
1
Ambient Air Quality
8
Locations
12 weeks (October, 2017 to January,
2018)
24 -hour sample
collection twice a week
at each station
PM10 Respirable Dust
Sampler
Electronic
balance
0.01 mg 10.0 µg/m3
IS: 5182:
Part 23 (2006)
2 PM2.5 Respirable Dust
Sampler
Electronic
balance 0.01 mg 2.0 µg/m3
CPCB Guideline volume -1
(Gravimetric method)
3 SO2 Impinger Module with control valve & Flow
Meter
Spectro-photometer
0.001 nm 3.75 µg/m3 IS: 5182:
Part 2 (2001)
4 NOx Impinger Module with control valve & Flow
Meter
Spectro-photometer
0.001 nm 6 µg/m3 IS: 5182:
Part 6 (2006)
5 CO CO Meter / Tedler Bags / Detection
Tubes
Gas Chromatograph
- 0.571 mg/m3 IS 5182:
Part 10 (1999)
6 VOCs Detection Tubes /
Charcoal Adsorption Gas
Chromatograph -
IS 5182:
Part 11 (2006)
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Secondary Data Collection and Review
Secondary data for the area was checked. Kandla Port Trust has checked AAQM on regular basis for the KPT area.
Windrose made based on long-term meteorological data for deciding the air sampling locations is given in
Annexure 8.
Primary Data Collection and Review
Selection of Monitoring Locations with Rationale
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations were selected on the basis of local climate conditions mainly wind direction
patterns, land use pattern, sensitivity and approach. Eight AAQM stations selected which include base station,
upwind stations, downwind stations and crosswind stations as per wind regime. These stations were located within
rural settlements as well as in consideration of other important features of the study area.
Details of monitoring locations and rationale is given in Table 3-23.
Table 3-12: Ambient air quality monitoring locations
S.
No.
Station Code
AAQM Station
Area designated
as per NAAQS-
CPCB
Coordinates
(Lat. & Long.)
Dist. Km
Direction Rationale
1 AQ01 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty)
Other 23° 01' 44.49" N 70° 13' 11.60" E
0.15 N Base station
2 AQ02
350m SW from
project boundary
Rural 23° 01' 34.32" N 70° 12' 58.85" E
0.35 SW Crosswind station (Annual 1st predominant upwind)
3 AQ03 New KPT Colony
Rural 23° 01' 16.32" N 70° 12' 48.46" E
0.90 SSW Downwind station
4 AQ04 Kandla Rural 23° 01' 6.71" N
70° 12' 36.03" E 1.37 SW
Crosswind station (Annual 1st predominant upwind)
5 AQ05 Nr ASAPPL terminal
Rural 23° 02' 11.64" N 70° 12' 33.15" E
1.39 WNW Crosswind station
6 AQ06 Ahir salt
(Salt Pan) Other
23° 02' 58.48" N 70° 12' 33.29" E
2.62 NW 2nd predominant upwind
station
7 AQ07
700m south from
project boundary
Rural 23° 01' 14.27" N 70° 13' 08.38" E
0.70 S 1st predominant
downwind station
8 AQ08 Khari Rohar
Rural 23° 04' 26.90" N 70° 10' 26.09" E
6.93 NW 2nd predominant upwind
station
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Photograph 4: Ambient Air Sampling Photographs
Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) 350m SW From project boundary
Nr ASAPPL Terminal Ahir Salt (Salt Pan)
Key Findings
The proposed site is located within Kandla Port Trust area. The area is coastal with high wind velocity.
As per the study area which is considered as 10 km radius from proposed project site, it is observed that study area
has 50:50 ratio of land and water (sea). Further in landward study area, there are industries, storage terminals, salt
pans and human settlements. Industrial pollution, Domestic pollution and Vehicular pollution are the major sources
of pollution within study area.
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations were selected on the basis of local climate conditions mainly wind direction
patterns, land use pattern, sensitivity and approach. Eight AAQM stations selected which include base station,
upwind stations, downwind stations and crosswind stations as per wind regime. These stations were located within
rural settlements as well as in consideration of other important features of the study area.
Sampling parameters including Particulate matter (PM10 & PM2.5), SOx, NOx, CO and VOC which are important
pollutants. The 24 hours, time weighted average results for particulate matter mainly PM10 at all locations observed
above specified NAAQS notification of 18th Nov’2009, published by CPCB. Gaseous parameters like SOx, NOx, CO are
within the specified limits of NAAQS notification of 18th Nov’2009, published by CPCB.
Summary of results shown in Table 3-24 and detailed analysis results attached as an Annexure 12.
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Table 3-13: Summary Air Quality Data for Monitoring Period
Station Code Sampling Location
NAAQM Standards
[CPCB]
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO VOCs
[24 Hours] [24 Hours] [24 Hours] [24 Hours] [8 Hours] [4 Hours]
100 60 80 80 2 NS*
AQ01 Temple- Nr Oil
Jetty
Maximum 182 76 37.1 36.2 0.65 <17.4
Minimum 74 24 8.7 14.8 0.57 <17.4
Average 124 43 13.2 20.3 0.60 <17.4
98%tile 181 69 34.2 35.7 0.65 <17.4
AQ02 350 m SW from Project boundary
Maximum 155 57 27.9 38.8 1.04 <17.4
Minimum 52 24 9.5 22.3 0.59 <17.4
Average 96 43 17.9 32.8 0.82 <17.4
98%tile 150 57 27.7 38.4 1.02 <17.4
AQ03 New KPT colony
Maximum 180 57 24.3 20.3 0.97 <17.4
Minimum 74 24 7.8 13.9 0.68 <17.4
Average 134 43 12.8 17.0 0.80 <17.4
98%tile 179 57 21.2 20.0 0.97 <17.4
AQ04 Kandla
Maximum 193 56 16.5 25.2 0.84 <17.4
Minimum 98 22 7.8 14.5 0.61 <17.4
Average 145 41 11.3 19.0 0.74 <17.4
98%tile 193 55 16.5 25.1 0.83 <17.4
AQ05 Nr. ASAPPL
terminal
Maximum 175 59 16.5 25.2 0.80 <17.4
Minimum 81 28 7.8 14.5 0.51 <17.4
Average 119 43 11.5 19.1 0.68 <17.4
98%tile 171 58 16.5 25.2 0.79 <17.4
AQ06 Ahir Salt (Salt
Pan)
Maximum 170 56 37.6 45.6 0.94 <17.4
Minimum 30 23 5.4 13.9 0.58 <17.4
Average 113 45 14.6 23.0 0.76 <17.4
98%tile 167 55 32.3 44.8 0.93 <17.4
AQ07 Maximum 178 59 10.1 17.9 0.74 <17.4
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Station Code Sampling Location
NAAQM Standards
[CPCB]
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO VOCs
[24 Hours] [24 Hours] [24 Hours] [24 Hours] [8 Hours] [4 Hours]
100 60 80 80 2 NS*
700 m South from project boundary
Minimum 101 29 4.4 9.2 0.58 <17.4
Average 150 49 7.4 13.6 0.64 <17.4
98%tile 177 59 10.0 17.5 0.73 <17.4
AQ08 Khari Rohar
Village
Maximum 184 60 14.2 27.7 0.83 <17.4
Minimum 92 0 9.4 12.9 0.58 <17.4
Average 124 26 11.0 17.2 0.69 <17.4
98%tile 182 59 14.0 25.9 0.83 <17.4
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3.7.1 Traffic Survey
Traffic survey is very important parameter to assess the impact due to proposed project activities on local existing
infrastructure due to transportation. There are two types of effects,
Effect on existing road infrastructure due to increase in number of vehicles
Effect on environment due to road side dust & emission from exhaust of moving vehicles
Effect on Infrastructure
Study on effect of infrastructure is based on actual traffic survey of important Arterial, sub-arterial and collector
roads. In traffic survey study the type of vehicles and their number is counted. Road width and road length are
other important parameters of consideration. The calculated volume of the actual study is compared with
recommended design service volumes (PCUs per Hour) given in “Guidelines for capacity of Urban roads in Plain
Areas” published by The Indian Road Congress, New Delhi.
Effect on Environment
Study on effect on environment is based on pollution due to running vehicles. It is described as line source
monitoring. The road side dust is suspended due to moving vehicles can cause pollution of particulate matter. The
emissions from exhaust of moving vehicles can cause particulate as well as gaseous pollution. This will be
calculated and make modelling of the increment in pollution for the proposed project.
Effect on Road Infrastructure
ABPL will be going to develop storage facility and transport handling activities. The goods/commodity from ABPL
storage tanks carried to various clients. The road transportation therefor is very important factor. There will be
possibilities of impact on road as well as other infrastructure due to vehicular movement. Because of this, it is
important to find out existing road infrastructure, site approach through various roads and traffic movement on that
roads. On the basis of existing situation it is easy to find proposed scenario of the traffic movement with additional
vehicles due to proposed project development.
The total number of trucks to be handled per day (incoming and outgoing) within peaking factor per day will be 80,
approximately 2000 trucks (incoming & outgoing) per month. The assessment on the truck movement has been
made assuming 330 effective working days for the truck handling. The average payload / capacity of each truck are
based on the type of cargo handled.
While preparing land use plan the extent and limits of surrounding development, limitation/ development needs of
infrastructural facilities, ease of access, cargo handling requirements, environmental and safety requirements have
been given due consideration.
Initial Parking of Bitumen Tanker at designated Parking area of KPT, which is 5 Km away from plot.
Plot approach road is minimum 6m wide & maximum 15m wide with 90o one bend.
GA drawing showing Entry & Exit Gate separate of Terminal.
Two no’s Truck will call each time for simultaneous loading inside Terminal & it will take 15 minutes to reach Truck
from KPT Parking area to Terminal.
During loading of 2 trucks another 2 Trucks will call from KPT Parking area and this arrangement will continue with
proper supervision
Table 3-14: Truck Movement Details for proposed project
Commodity Transport No of Trucks
Total Incoming trucks per day 40
Total trucks to be handled per day (incoming and outgoing) with peaking factor per day 80
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Road Identification
Traffic survey was carried out on important connective/approach road to ABPL project. Plot approach road is
minimum 6m wide & maximum 15m wide with 90o one bend and same will be developed into paved road. The
details of existing road selected for Traffic Survey is given below.
Table 3-15: Road Details
Sr. No.
Road Identity
Count Point Latitude/Longitude Approach Road from
(Rationale for selection) Width (mtr)
TS01 Kandla to Oil
Jetty Nr Oil Jetty 23001’45.87” N, 70013’06.08” E
Kandla to Oil Jetty 9.0
Oil Jetty to Kandla
Methodology
Traffic survey was carried out on both sides (up & down) of the road. Vehicles classified into two types. Mechanized
and Non-mechanized. Mechanized vehicles including two wheelers (bikes/Mopeds/Scooters), three wheelers
(rickshaw/small 3W tempos), four wheelers (Cars/Jeeps/Trucks/Buses/tractors etc.)
Non-mechanized vehicles including two wheelers (Cycles) three wheelers (Tricycles) four wheelers (Carts)
Vehicles are observed and count was recorded at every 15 min interval for 24 hours. The table below represents
the total no. of vehicles over 24 hour duration.
Table 3-16: Traffic survey (up & down)
Road
Mechanized Vehicle Non -Mechanized Vehicle
All Category
2W 3W 4W >4W 2W 3W 4W
Bike/
Moped Auto
Car/Jeep/Auto
Bus Truck Tractor Cycle Tri-cycle Cart
Oil Jetty to Kandla
272 136 165 26 192 26 11 0 0 828
Kandla to Oil Jetty
214 68 260 33 381 41 11 0 0 1008
Detailed Traffic survey Results are given in Annexure 13.
On the basis of traffic survey count the existing road infrastructure capacity is find out. *PCU is calculated with
**Equivalent factor recommended for Various Types and numbers of Vehicles on Urban roads, page no. 10,
Guidelines for capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas, The Indian Road Congress, 1990.The details of existing traffic
movement in study period, with calculated PCU is given in Table 3-17.
Table 3-17: Traffic survey (up & down) – PCU Calculation
Existing movement
Traffic Movement Up & Down
Types of Vehicle No. of Vehicles % Composition Equivalent factor** PCU*
Mechanized
2-Wheelers 486 26 0.75 365
3-Wheelers 204 11 2.0 408
4-Wheelers
Cars, Jeeps 425 23 1.0 425
Trucks 573 31 3.7 2120
Buses 59 3 2.2 130
Tractors 67 4 4.0 268
Non Mechanized
Cycles 22 1 0.5 11
Carts 0 0 1.5 0
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Existing movement
Traffic Movement Up & Down
Types of Vehicle No. of Vehicles % Composition Equivalent factor** PCU*
Cycle Rickshaw 0 0 1.5 0
Total 1836 100 -- 3726
Table 3-18: Traffic survey (up & down) – PCU Calculation
With Proposed Truck movement
Traffic Movement Up & Down
Types of Vehicle No. of Vehicles % Composition Equivalent factor** PCU*
Mechanized
2-Wheelers 486 25 0.75 365
3-Wheelers 204 11 2.0 408
4-Wheelers
Cars, Jeeps 425 22 1.0 425
Trucks 653 34 3.7 2416
Buses 59 3 2.2 130
Tractors 67 3 4.0 268
Non Mechanized
Cycles 22 1 0.5 11
Carts 0 0 1.5 0
Cycle Rickshaw 0 0 1.5 0
Total 1916 100 -- 4022
*PCU: Passenger Car Unit, Reference Indian Road Congress Guidelines
**Equivalent factor: recommended PCU factors for Various Types of Vehicles on Urban roads, page no. 10,
Guidelines for capacity of Urban Roads in Plain Areas, The Indian Road Congress, 1990.
The design service volumes for different categories of urban roads as per IRC guidelines it was observed that the
existing PCUs per Hour are observed well within total design service volume of the road.
Table 3-19: Incremental Traffic due to Proposed Project
Existing PCU
Sr No.
All Vehicle Count
(24 Hours)
All Vehicles (PCU/ 24
Hrs)
Calculated (PCU/Hour)
Type of Carriage Way
Total design Service Volume
(PCU/Hour)
Remarks
1 1836 3726 155 2 Lane two way 1200 well within designed
capacity of the carriage way
Proposed PCU with additional truck Movement
Sr No.
All Vehicle Count
(24 Hours)
All Vehicles (PCU/ 24
Hrs)
Calculated (PCU/Hour)
Type of Carriage Way
Total design Service Volume
(PCU/Hour)
Remarks
1 1916 4022 168 2 Lane two way 1200 well within designed
capacity of the carriage way
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Effect on Environment
Line Source Modelling
Line source modelling is estimation of increment in baseline level results of pollution parameters due to movement
of vehicles of proposed activities. There are two types of sources of pollution increment due to vehicular
movement.
Increase in particulate matter: It is due to movement of heavy vehicles on paved & unpaved roads.
Increase in particulate as well as gaseous pollution level: It is due to emission from exhaust of moving vehicles.
Average incremental values for PM, SOx, NOx, HCs and CO for both Phases are calculated and reported, for
Particulate Matter (PM),
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Incremental Estimation due to Movement of heavy vehicles
Particulate matter is important parameter of Ambient Air Quality study. Specially, PM10 and PM2.5 particulate matters
are Respirable dust and cause health problems. To find out actual increment in dust level in ambient air, First
important step is monitoring of baseline data and second step is estimation of possible increase in results which are
calculated on the basis of vehicular movement on paved and unpaved roads within study area.
Paved Road
This version of the paved road emission factor equation only estimates particulate emissions from resuspended
road surface material.
Particulate emissions occur whenever vehicles travel over a paved surface such as a road or parking lot. Particulate
emissions from paved roads are due to direct emissions from vehicles in the form of exhaust, brake wear and tire
wear emissions and resuspension of loose material on the road surface. In general terms, suspended particulate
emissions from paved roads originate from, and result in the depletion of, the loose material present on the surface
(i.e., the surface loading). In turn, that surface loading is continuously replenished by other sources. At industrial
sites, surface loading is replenished by spillage of material and track out from unpaved roads and
staging areas.
Unpaved Roads
This version of the unpaved public road emission factor equation only estimates particulate emissions from re-
suspended road surface material.
When a vehicle travels an unpaved road, the force of the wheels on the road surface causes pulverization of
surface material. Particles are lifted and dropped from the rolling wheels, and the road surface is exposed to strong
air currents in turbulent shear with the surface. The turbulent wake behind the vehicle continues to act on the road
surface after the vehicle has passed.
Emission from vehicular exhaust
The emission from vehicular exhaust is calculated based on vehicle engine capacity, type of fuel and fuel standards.
It is calculated for proposed number of vehicles moving on main site approach as well as connecting routes within
study area. The estimated pollution level from moving vehicles is being used to run line source model. This line
source model helps to find out possible increment in the pollution level due to increase number of vehicles.
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Table 3-20: Estimation of Dust due to Vehicular Movement-Paved Road
Parameter PM2.5 R
ou
te
No
. o
f V
eh
icle
s
Re
turn
Tri
ps
on
Str
etc
h
To
tal
Tim
e
for
Ve
hic
ula
r
mo
ve
me
nt,
Hr
Nu
mb
er
of
Ve
hic
le p
er
Ho
ur
Le
ng
th o
f R
oa
d w
ith
in
stu
dy
are
a
Wid
th o
f R
oa
d,
m
Are
a o
f T
ruck
Mo
ve
me
nt
Sp
ee
d o
f V
eh
icle
Pa
rtic
le S
ize
M
ult
ipli
er
Ro
ad
S
urf
ace
Sil
t
Lo
ad
ing
(sL)
We
igh
t o
f T
ruck
(W
)
(s L
)^0
.91
(w)^
1.0
2
PM
Em
i.
Fa
cto
r (
E)
Em
issio
n f
or
to
tal
km
tra
ve
led
Em
issio
n f
or
To
tal
Ve
hic
les
Em
issio
n f
or
To
tal
Ve
hic
les
Em
issio
n f
or
To
tal
Ve
hic
les
Em
issio
n f
or
To
tal
Ve
hic
les
Nos. Hourly Veh/Hr (km) (mtr) (mtr) (m2) (km/hr) (g/VKT) (g/m2) (Tons) (g/VKT) (g/Vtravel) gms/day gms/m2day gms/m2hr gms/m2s
80 20 4 5.0 5000 7.5 1125000 30 0.15 120 22 77.993 23.4 273.7 1368.9 109515.9 0.09 0.004 1.352E-06
Parameter PM10
Ro
ute
No
. o
f V
eh
icle
s
Re
turn
Tri
ps
on
Str
etc
h
To
tal
Tim
e
for
Ve
hic
ula
r
mo
ve
me
nt,
Hr
Nu
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80 20 4 5.0 5000 7.5 1125000 30 0.62 120 22 77.993 23.4 1131.6 5658.3 452665.8 0.40 0.020 5.588E-06
Table 3-21: Estimation of Dust due to Vehicular Movement-Engine exhaust
Parameter PM
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80 20 4 5.0 5000 6 900000 30 25 220 0.02 4.4 17.6 1.95556E-05 5.4321E-09
CO
80 20 4 5.0 5000 6 900000 30 25 220 1.5 330 1320 0.001466667 4.07407E-07
HC
80 20 4 5.0 5000 6 900000 30 25 220 0.46 101.2 404.8 0.000449778 1.24938E-07
NOx
80 20 4 5.0 5000 6 900000 30 25 220 3.5 770 3080 0.003422222 9.50617E-07
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3.8 Surface Water Quality
There is no surface water available within 7 Km radius from the project site.
3.9 Noise Environment
This section presents the baseline condition of ambient noise quality to monitor the noise level at a particular site
for future assessment of noise quality during the various development activities.
3.9.1 General Study Methodology
The methodology for the assessment of the baseline noise quality includes identification of locations for monitoring
after field survey, monitoring of noise levels in the locations for particular time period and frequency and analysis of
results. The method for sampling analysis and testing is given in Table 3-22. Ambient air quality standards in
respect of noise for different area/zones is given in Table 3-23.
Table 3-22: Methodology of Sample Analysis and Testing
Env. Component
Sampling location
Sampling Frequency
Methodology
Sample collection Sampling
Parameter Sampling equipment
Detection Limit
Ambient Noise 4
Locations
Once during the study (Hourly
reading for 24 hours at each
location)
IS 9989 : 1981 Noise Level
Meter 0.1 dB (A)
Decibels –
dB (A)
Table 3-23: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise for Different Areas/Zones
Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of NOISE
Area Code
Category Limits in dB(A) Leq*
Day Time Night Time
The Noise Pollution (Regulation And Control) Rules, 2000
A Industrial 75.0 70.0
B Commercial 65.0 55.0
C Residential 55.0 45.0
D Silence 50.0 45.0
Note: Day Time: 6:00 AM to 10:00 PM; Night Time: 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM
dB(A) Leq*: denotes the time weighted average of the level of sound in decibels on scale A which is relatable to human hearing.
3.9.2 Primary Data Collection
The locations selected for ambient noise quality monitoring are presented in Table 3-24 and shown in Figure
3-1.
Table 3-24: Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring Locations
Station Code
Noise Monitoring Locations
Category of Area / Zone
Distance between Nearest Boundaries w.r.t. Project Site in
Km
Direction w.r.t. Project Site
Lat/Long of noise monitoring location
NL01 Near Rishi Shipping Industrial 0.7 S 23° 1'14.27"N
70°13'8.38"E
NL02 South side from proposed project
boundary Industrial 0.3 S
23° 1'34.32"N
70°12'58.85"E
NL03 Near Oil Jetty Industrial 0.3 N 23° 1'52.69"N
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Station Code
Noise Monitoring Locations
Category of Area / Zone
Distance between Nearest Boundaries w.r.t. Project Site in
Km
Direction w.r.t. Project Site
Lat/Long of noise monitoring location
70°13'13.14"E
NL04 New KPT Colony Residential 0.9 SW 23° 1'16.32"N
70°12'48.46"E
Photograph 5: Ambient Noise Monitoring
At Rishi Shipping South side from proposed project boundary
3.9.3 Key Findings
Locations for noise monitoring were identify by desktop study and fix the location during field survey at 1 km
maximum from the source of noise generation and at sensitive locations ambient noise monitoring i.e. industrial
area. The average noise level are presented in Table 3-25.
Table 3-25: Average Ambient Noise Monitoring Results
Location Code
Location Date Category
CPCB Limits in dB (A)
Average Noise levels in dB (A)
Day Time
Night Time
Day Time
Night Time
NL01 Near Rishi Shipping 28.12.17 Industrial 75.0 70.0 57.1 50.6
NL02 South side from proposed
project boundary 02.01.18 Industrial 75.0 70.0 55.1 45.1
NL03 Near Oil Jetty 21.12.17 Industrial 75.0 70.0 69.2 59.9
NL04 New KPT Colony 30.12.18 Residential 55.0 45.0 54.8 46.7
Site Observations and Inference
Based on the noise monitoring carried out at 4 monitoring locations, following observations are made:
NL01 & NL02 - Near Rishi Shipping & South side from proposed project boundary: The site is
adjacent to Kandla Creek and surrounded by creek water and mud flat. Noise level results were observed
within the CPCB standards for Industrial area.
NL03 - Near Oil Jetty: This location is about 0.3 km north from project boundary and it is an Industrial area.
Noise level observed at this location were within the specified CPCB standards.
NL04 - Kandla Port Colony: This location is 0.9 Km in south-west direction from project site. It falls under
Residential Area where Noise results during Day time were observed within the CPCB standards and during
night time, it was slightly higher than the CPCB standards which are due to vehicular movements at Kandla
Port.
The ambient noise levels at all the locations are within the permissible limits for Industrial area but is slightly higher
during night in Residential area which is just due to the sound of sea waves and wind blowing through open areas.
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3.10 Geology & Hydrogeology
3.10.1 General Study Methodology
The objective of work is as mentioned below:
Marking of tentative sampling location on Satellite Imagery within study area.
Field visit and identification, marking of actual sampling location points on Land Use Map
Collection of ground water samples
Well inventory
Analysis of the collected samples
Based on these objectives, filed visits and observations points, sampling locations have to be decided. But as per
the geological condition of the site, there is no groundwater available within 7 Km radius from the project and as
site is located very nearer to Kandla creek, water table is up.
3.10.2 Primary Data Collection
Topography
The entire area is alluvial, with overall flat topography. This being the coastal area , the slope is gentle towards sea
i.e. SE. Due to proximity of the sea, despite the arid landscape, the temperature does not rise above 40º C or fall to
very low level. Scarce rainfall, poor soil conditions do not promote good vegetation.
3.10.3 Secondary Data Collection
Collection of maps and data
District Resource Map, (Survey of India)
CGWB reports
State Groundwater report
IMD data
Land-use maps
Google Earth and/or Topographic maps (drainage patterns, water bodies, topography, morphology and
vegetation cover)
The integrated study of above maps leads to identification of specific issues related to geology and its effect on
topography, morphology, drainage pattern and groundwater. It further gives an idea about water quality i.e.
soluble salts. It further explains relation between surface and ground water.
Based on these inferences field visit, observation points and sampling locations are decided and acted upon. In
some cases, non-invasive geophysical techniques are selected and data is correlated with surface features as well
as with project requirement.
Regional Geology of Kachchh District:
The region of Kutch in the north-eastern part of Gujarat State forms an independent geographical and geological
unit. The mainland of Kutch is isolated by the Great Rann on the north and east, Little Rann on the SE, Gulf of
Kutch on the south and rest by the Arabian Sea. The central portion of Kutch forms a table-land sloping on all
sides, the shape of the region is like a tortoise and hence the name. In general, there are three hill ranges, trending
almost east-west. North-flowing rivers disappear in the Rann; others join the sea. The trend of hill ranges in the
east-west direction with steep slopes in the north and gentle slopes to south owe their origin to faults running in
the east-west direction.
A general geology of the Kachchh District is provided in Table 3-26.
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Table 3-26: General lithology found in the Kachchh District
Lithology Formation/Group Geological Age
Younger tidal flat and marsh deposits Mahuva formation
Holocene
Older tidal flats and marsh deposits Rann clay formation
Rann clay and mud deposits Rann formation
Younger flood plain, channel-fill and deltaic deposits Varahi formation
Older flood plain and channel-fill and deltaic deposits Katpur formation
Unstabilized sand sheet and sand dune deposits Jantral formation
Miliolite limestone, shell limestone, calcareous sandstone, pebbly limestone ad conglomerate
Miliolite formation/Porbander Group Lower Pleistocene
Pebbly Sanstone, conglomerate gravel and sand Kothara formation
Micaceous sanstone, mottled clay, siltstone, conglomerate and calcareous clay with marl
Sandhan formation Pliocene
Shale interbedded with fossiliferous marl Gaj formation Lower to Middle Miocene
Variegated siltstone and Gypseous claystone Khari Nadi formation Upper Oligocene to Lower
Miocene
Calcareous and Gypseous, claystone/siltstone, clay, coral limestone and sanstone
Maniyara formation Middle to Upper Oligocene
foraminiferal limestone, Glauconitic shale and clay Fulra formation Middle Eocene
Gypseous, lignite-bearing shale, fossiliferous nodular limestone and clay, ferruginous shale and clay with
intercalated marl Kakdi formation Lower Eocene
Laterite, sandstone, conglomerate and bentonitic and kaolinitic clay
Matonomadh formation Palaeocene
Andesitic trachyte
Deccan Volcanics Upper Cretaceous to Eocene
Olivine Gabbro
Basalt and dolerite dyke, plug and sill
Basalt flow with intertrappean sediments
Alkali gabbro, Alkali basalt
Glauconitic and Burrowed sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone, marl, conglomerate, ironstone and clay with
marine and plant fossil Bhuj formation Cretaceous
Shale, fossiliferous sandstone, marl and conglomerate Katrol formation Upper Jurassic to Lower
Cretaceous
Gypseous shale, siltstone and conglomerate with Phosphatic nodule, oolitic Limestone
Chari formation Middle to upper Jurassic
Gypseous shale, siltstone, limestone, sandstone and conglomerate
Pachchham formation Middle Jurassic
Source: District Resource Map of Kutch District published by Geological Society of India
Seismicity in the Study Area
This area falls under seismic zone V and thus this area is active. The seismic coefficient need to be incorporated in
design. The project will be founded in mudflats which is likely to behave akin to liquefaction when subjected to
seismic wave. Seismic Zonation shown in Figure 3-4.
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Figure 3-4: Seismic Map of Gujarat
Source: Seismic Map of Gujarat (Institute of Seismological Research, Govt. of Gujarat)
Zone II: Low Damage Zone, Zone III: Moderate Zone, Zone IV: High Risk Zone, Zone V: Very High Risk Zone
3.10.4 Key Findings
Field Observations
Geologically the area is covered by recent younger mud flat deposits of marine origin of Holocene age composed of
clay, silt and very fine sand. Study area is predominantly covered with fine to medium grained calcareous sandy
loam as top soil with underlying compacted dense sand and clay with strong salinity.
The Groundwater is occurring under perched, unconfined and semi confined condition with low yield and having
poor hydraulic characteristics. Permeability of the aquifer is also poor. The Groundwater quality is highly saline and
is mainly used for salt pan purposes.
3.11 Soil Conservation
General Study Methodology
The project area falls under North West Agro-climatic Zone (GJ-5) and Agro-ecological region-3.The annual average
rain fall is 353 mm. The soils are black (53.8 %), sandy loam (41.6 %), hydromorphic (4.5 %). The soils belongs to
the greater group Ustipsamments and in the sub group Typic Ustifluvents of order Entisols. The soils are having
sandy loam to clay loam texture, poor in organic carbon, available phosphorous, but rich in available potassium.
The soils are saline (EC > 2 dS/m). The soil depth is > 100 cm, having high porosity, permeability and water
holding capacity in coarser texture soils, but reverse is true for finer texture soils. The main source of irrigation is
open wells (56.9 %) and bore wells (4.4 %) as well as estimated area under Narmada command would be 38.7 %.
The cropping intensity of the area is 107%. However, in the project area availability of ground water is practically
nil as ground waters are saline & alkaline, hence farmers use harvested rain water in ponds or rivers and grow
cluster bean, moong, sorghum etc.
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Sample/Analysis Methodology
Sampling Methodology
The locations for soil sample collection were selected covering the project site as well as from the surrounding
areas namely Soil-01 to Soil-03 during monitoring period. The soil samples from 0-15 cm depth were collected by
using spade and pawada. The samples were homogenized and about 1 Kg soil sample was collected in the
polyethylene bag, labelled with sample ID which includes site numbers and project name. The samples were
brought to the laboratory for analysis of physical (porosity, water holding capacity, permeability and particle size
distribution) and chemical properties (cation exchange, electrical conductivity, sodium adsorption ratio, pH, Ca, Mg,
Na, K).
Table 3-27: Analysis Methodology
Sampling Parameters
Sample Collection
Analytical Equipment Methodology Remarks
Porosity
Manual sample collection using hammer and
container tube for collecting
undisturbed top soil.
- IS: 2720 Part 7
Trial pit method for topsoil sample
collection; disturbed samples
Water holding capacity Keen Apparatus HMSO, UK
Permeability - IS: 2720 Part 17
Moisture content Electronic Balance IS: 2720 Part 2
Texture - IS: 2720 Part 4
Particle size Distribution
Glass wares IS: 2720 Part 4
- Cation Exchange
Capacity Centrifuge IS: 2720 Part 24 (1976)
SAR F. Photometer (Na, K), Titration ( Ca & Mg)
Calculation
pH pH Meter 4500 H+B 5% Leachate to be made and analyzed as per APHA, “Standard
Methods”. All method numbers
are as per APHA “Standard Methods” (23rd edition, 2017)
Electrical Conductivity Conductivity Meter As per IS 14767 -2000
Calcium Glass wares 3500 Ca B
Magnesium Glass Wares 3500 Mg B
Sodium (Na) F. Photometer 3500 Na B
Potassium F. Photometer 3500 K B
Organic Carbon Volumetric method IS: 2720-22 (1972) Jackson (1973)
Available Phosphorus Spectro photometric
method Extraction with 0.5M
NaHCO3 pH 8.5 Olson et al (1954)
Available potassium F. Photometric method
Neutral Normal Ammonium Acetate
(NH4OAc)
Jackson (1973)
Secondary Data Collection
Soil analysis results reviewed from other EIA reports prepared for Kandla port Trust.
Primary Data Collection
Table 3-28: Soil Sampling Locations
Sr. No.
Sampling location Coordinates Distance from Project
Site in Km Direction w.r.t.
Project Site
ST1 Nr. Ahir Salt 23° 02' 11.34" N
70° 12' 37.29" E 1.3 NW
ST2 At Site 23° 01' 39.46" N
70° 13' 10.83" E 0.0 Base
ST3 New KPT Colony 23° 01' 20.66" N 0.9 SW
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Sr. No.
Sampling location Coordinates Distance from Project
Site in Km Direction w.r.t.
Project Site
70° 12' 41.74" E
ST4 Rishi Shipping 23° 01' 15.04" N
70° 13' 8.74" E 0.7 S
Sampling Photographs are given in Photograph 6
Photograph 6: Soil Sampling Photographs
At Site Kandla Port Colony
Key Findings
Analysis Results are given in Table 3-29.
Table 3-29: Soil Analysis Results
Sr. No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4
1 porosity % 48 49 50 51
2 Water Holding Capacity % 30.20 20.80 42.50 36.80
3 Permeability mm/hr 26.6 25.3 23.9 21.9
4 Particle Size Distribution -
a Sand % 72.8 59.8 56.8 55.8
b Silt % 13.7 20.7 16.7 20.7
c Clay % 13.4 19.4 26.4 23.4
6 Texture - Sandy loam Sandy clay loam Sandy clay loam Sandy clay loam
7 Cation Exchange
Capacity meq/100gm 13.20 18.60 22.20 21.50
8 Electrical Conductivity dS/m 4.200 0.789 36.200 8.100
9 Exchangeable Sodium % 1.14 <0.01 0.84 1.01
10 pH 7.15 7.13 6.54 7.03
11 Calcium gm/kg 1.57 1.11 4.23 1.64
12 Magnesium gm/kg <0.04 0.54 4.77 1.83
13 Sodium gm/kg 1.04 0.26 2.56 1.72
14 Potassium gm/kg 0.20 0.34 0.52 0.60
Soil Analysis Results
The soil samples collected from the project site and surrounding areas were assessed for physico-chemical
properties. The porosity ranged from 48 - 51 % and WHC varied 20.80 – 42.50 %, while permeability was in the
range of 21.9 – 26.6 mm/hr mainly due sandy loam to sandy clay loam texture of soils. The soil salinity varied from
0.789 - 36.200 dS/m, indicating that soils are non-saline (EC<0.8 dS/m) to highly saline (EC >4.0 dS/m mainly due
to proximity of sea and flooding of the area during high tide. The ESP varied from <0.01 – 161.4, which also
indicate that soils are non-sodic as ESP>15. The soil pH ranged from 6.54 –7.15, which is indicative of normal (pH
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> 8.5) soils mainly due to predominance of Ca (1.11 – 4.23 gm/kg) followed by Mg (0.04 – 4.77 gm/kg), sodium
(0.26 –2.56 gm/kg) and K (0.0.20 – 0.60 gm/kg).
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Port Based Multiproduct SEZ at Kandla Port,
Kutch District, Gujarat By Kandla Port Trust Part-I Terrestrial EIA & EMP Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Bhuj ,
Gujarat Submitted in March 2015 showed that pH values of the study area in post- and pre-monsoon periods
during 2010 were found to be in the range of 7.8 to 9.21 and 7.92 to 9.12, respectively, showing alkaline nature of
soil. There was no marked change in pH from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon period. The electrical conductivity in
post- and pre-monsoon periods was in the range of 0.06 to 41 and 2.66 to 16.22dS/m, respectively, showing an
increase in soil salinity in pre-monsoon period. The soil texture was sandy in majority of the area. Total soil organic
carbon values in post- and pre-monsoon period were in the range of 0.03 to 0.11 and 0.2 to 4.5%, respectively.
Indicating very low organic carbon in post monsoon and soils were very rich in carbon status in pre-monsoon.
(Report of NIO Regional Centre, Mumbai, Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, March 2015.
Interpretation
The overall soil quality indicates that soils are saline due to proximity of sea, but non sodic as ESP was < 15 mainly
due to predominance of calcium followed by magnesium cations. For successful raising of landscape/greenbelt,
application of liberal quantity of organic manure (> 50 tons/ha is recommended, besides normal dose of fertilizers
for green belt. To control the salinity, drainage should be provided in the area where green belt is to be developed.
3.12 Ecology and Biodiversity
3.12.1 Introduction
Natural flora and fauna are important features of the environment. They are organized into natural communities
and are sensitive to outside influences. Integrating ecological thinking into the planning process is urgent need in
the context of deterioration of natural environments, which is unwanted but direct consequence of development.
Biological communities, being dependent on the condition and resources of its location may change if there is
change in the environment. Hence change in the status of flora fauna are an elementary requirement of
Environment Impact Assessment Studies, in view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and
biodiversity. Information on flora fauna was collected within the study area.
Study of biological environment is one of the most important components for Environmental Impact Assessment, in
view of the need for conservation of environmental quality and biodiversity. Ecological systems show complex inter-
relationships between biotic and abiotic components including dependence, competition and mutualism. Biotic
components comprise of both plant and animal communities which interact not only within and between themselves
but also with the abiotic components viz. Physical and chemical components of the environment.
3.12.2 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment
Conference of parties to the Convention on Biological diversity (CBD) held at Curitiba, Brazil on March 20th - 31st,
2006 suggested biodiversity to be considered in impact assessment by providing voluntary guidelines on
biodiversity inclusive Environmental Impact Assessment. CBD provides a strong international platform for applying
impact assessment techniques to biodiversity conservation. It specifically calls for impact assessment measures to
ensure that biodiversity is addressed in projects, plan and policy decision. An underlying justification for the
application of impact assessment is also given in Article - 8 which is for promoting the protection of ecosystems,
natural habitats, promoting environmentally sound and sustainable development in areas next to the protected
areas.
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3.12.3 Biological Diversity
The variety and variability of organisms and ecosystems is referred to as biological diversity or Bio diversity.
Biodiversity is a term which has gained enormous importance in the past few years. Technically, it is a contraction
of 'biological diversity'. For the purposes of the CBD (Article 2. Use of Terms), 'Biological Diversity' is "the variability
among living organisms from all sources including, inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and
the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of
ecosystems".
The biodiversity, we see today is the result of billions of years of evolution, shaped by natural processes. The vast
array of interactions among the various components of biodiversity makes the planet habitable for all species,
including humans. There is a growing recognition that, biological diversity is a global asset of tremendous value to
present and future generations. At the same time, the threat to species and ecosystems has never been as great as
it is today. Species extinction caused by human activities continues at an alarming rate. Protecting biodiversity is
for our self-interest and also for the future generation.
3.12.4 Period of the Study and Study Area
The baseline study was conducted for the evaluation of floral and faunal biodiversity of the terrestrial and marine
environment and mangrove environment within 7 Km radius from the proposed project in the Kandla, Kachchh
district during 7th December to 9th December 2017.
Delineation of the Study Area
Project Site / Core Zone and Buffer Zone
Project site as a core zone and surrounding 7 km. radius considered as a buffer zone for study.
Sensitivity / Habitats of the Study Area
Table 3-30: Sensitivity/Habitats of the Study Area
S. No.
Sensitive Ecological Features
Name of feature / Location
Distance (km)
Direction Reason of Significance
1 Ramsar wetland (Ramsar
Convention) No -- -- --
2 Wetlands as per National
Wetlands Atlas No -- -- --
3 National park No -- -- --
4 Wildlife sanctuary No -- -- --
5 Tiger reserve No -- -- --
6 Biosphere reserve No -- -- --
7 Elephant reserve No -- -- --
8 Important Bird Areas
(IBAs) No -- -- --
9 Eco-sensitive zone (EP
Act) No -- -- --
10
Forest (Forest Conservation Act)
(including protected forests and reserved
forests)
No -- -- --
11 Wildlife corridor No -- -- --
12 Coastal zones Yes Adjacent to
Site
Kandla creek is adjacent to site and CRZ, 2011 is applicable
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13
Areas used by protected, important or sensitive
species of flora or fauna for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, over wintering, migration
No -- -- --
14 Endemic species, if any No -- -- --
15 Mangroves Yes ~ .19 km. S
Sparse mangrove species, dominated by Avicenia marina were planted by Kandla Port Trust. Other mangroves swamp are
present in and around Kandla creek within 7 km radius. Detailed mangrove survey is
explained in report.
Rivers/ Water Bodies
Table 3-31: Details of Water Bodies in the Buffer Zone
River/Bandhara Distance from Project Site Direction
Sonu Creek 9.60 NNE
Sara Creek 8.60 NNE
Phang Creek 7.40 NE
Methodology
The primary objective of survey was to describe the floristic and faunal communities within the study area. The
sampling plots for floral inventory were selected randomly in the suitable habitats within the 10 km radius from
the project location. The methodology adopted for faunal survey involve; faunal habitat assessment, random
intensive survey, opportunistic observations, diurnal bird observation, active search for reptiles, active search for
scats and foot prints and review of previous studies. The aim was to set baselines in order to monitor and identify
trends after the commencement of expansion activity. Emphasis has been placed on presence of rare, endemic,
migratory and threatened species, if any present in the study area. Desktop literature review was conducted to
identify the representative spectrum of threatened species, population and ecological communities as listed by
IUCN, ZSI, BSI and in Indian wild Life Protection act, 1972. The status of individual species was assessed using the
revised IUCN category system.
3.12.5 Biodiversity of Terrestrial Environment
Floral Diversity of the Study Area
Structure in the study area for formulating effective management and conservation measures. The climatic, edaphic
and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and composition of species, which are adapted to these
variations, have resulted in different vegetation cover, characteristic of each region. The following account of floral
inventory is based on the field survey conducted for a short duration in the December 2017, is not very
comprehensive and is aimed only to give a general pattern of vegetation of this region during the study period as a
baseline data. Listing of the endangered, threatened and endemic species of flora in a locality and drawing the
attention to the occurrence of such species, would aid in creating awareness amongst the local people as a whole
to protect such species from extinction, and to take necessary measures for their conservation. This type of floristic
study is an inventory for such purpose and hence a necessity. The dominant tree species, herbs, shrubs and major
crops, were documented during this base line study.
The study area comes under Biogeographic zone 3 - The Indian desert and in biotic province - 3B 1 Kachchh
plateau. Topography of the region was characterized by dominating barren land covered with dense scrub
dominated by Prosopis juliflora, fallow land and very few agricultural fields. Tree cover was very less restricted to
road side plantation and along the boundary of the agricultural fields. Terrain is almost plain without much
undulation.
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One non- perennial river, “Khari Nadi” is joining the Gulf of Kachchh near Bhadresar village. During the study period
river bank was almost dry with limited pools of water resulted due to the tidal incursion. A vast scrub jungle of
Prosopis Juliflora was observed along the both banks of Khari Nadi.
Along the coastline also vast Prosopis sp. dominated thick patch of scrub land was observed. Other dominant land
use was saltpans and monsoon depended agriculture fields, habitations are scattered and distinctly placed, with
agriculture land and barren lands.
The list of floral species is prepared based on visual observation during site visit and through review of site
literatures and secondary data available with various government offices is referred for identifying rare or
endangered species in the region.
The vegetation mostly comprises of open scrub vegetation. Prosopis juliflora (Jangali Babul) is observed to be
dominant in the study area. No forest land comes under study area. The vegetation type is subtropical coastal
thorny scrub jungles with trees predominantly moist deciduous type but rarely evergreen. The natural vegetation is
scarce, scattered and open. In all other areas, the trees are dominated by Acacia nilotica and Prosopis juliflora
along with wide variety of herb and shrub species. It is being used by villagers as firewood.
The coastal bed confined to seashores has mangrove ecosystem where mangrove forest with Avicenia and
Rhizophora species found on the seaward side. Density in these areas varies from open forest to dense.
A total of 30 plant species are observed in the study area comprising of which 18 species of trees and shrubs, 4
species of Climbers, 6 species of grasses and 2 species of mangroves. Details pertaining to flora observed in the
study area have been collected from District Forest Department, District Gazetteer and Field Observation is
presented in Table 3-32.
Table 3-32: List of Floral species in Study Area
Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name Status
TREES AND SHRUBS
1. Tamarindus indica Amli C
2. Cassia auriculata Aval C
3. Acacia nilotica Baval C
4. Zizyphus sp. Bor C
5. Acacia planifrons Chatri Baval C
6. Prosopis juliflora Gando Baval
7. Cordia dichotoma Gundi C
8. Balanites aegyptica Ingori C
9. Euphorbia nivulia Kanthoro Thor C
10. Capparis aphylla Kerdo
11. Prosopis cineraria Khijado C
12. Azadirachta indica Limdo C
13. Calotropis gigantia Moto Akdo C
14 Moringa oleifera Sargawo C
15. Ficus benghalensis Vad C
16. Sygygium cumunii Jambu C
17. Cassia fistula Garmalo C
18. Cocos nucifera Coconut C
CLIMBER
1. Bongainvillea spectabilis Bougainvel C
2. Cuscuta reflexa Amarvel C
3. Tinospora cordifolia Galo C
4. Celastrus paniculata Malkankan C
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Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name Status
GRASSES
1. Sorghum halepense Baru C
2. Cynodon dactylon Daro C
3. Cymbopogon jwarancusa Gandharu C
4. Dichanthium annulatum Jinjavo C
5. Apluda mutica Bhangoru C
6. Themeda cymbaria Ratad C
MANGROVES
1. Avicennia marina Cher C
2. Rhizophora mucronata Karod C
C: Common
Cultivated Plants in the Study Area
The agricultural practices are very less in and around study area. Major crops in the study area are cotton and
vegetables.
Rare and Endangered Flora in the Study Area
Among the enumerated flora in the study area, no endangered or rare flora was observed.
Endemic flora in the Study Area
There is no endemic plant observed in the study area.
Status of Forest and their category in the Study Area
There is no notified/protected ecologically sensitive area including national park, sanctuary, Elephant/Tiger reserves
existing in the study area covering 7 km radial distance.
Faunal Diversity in Study Area
For the documentation of the faunal diversity of the study area with respect to birds, reptiles and mammals species,
a baseline survey was conducted in December, 2017. A faunal enlisting of mammals, reptiles and birds with their
scientific names, common names and the schedule (As per Wild Life Protection Act, 1972) to which they belong is
presented in below table.
During the study period, faunal species except birds were not observed. However, bird species were visually
observed and recorded. Cattle Egret, Red wattled lapwings, Sandpiper were common in most habitats. Migratory
birds such as flamingo, pelican etc. are known to use the area. Common peafowl was reported by people.
Birds of the Study Area
List of bird species in the study area with the status of occurrence is given in Table 3-33.
Table 3-33: List of Birds in Study Area
Sr. No. Scientific Name Common Name Conservation Status as
per IWPA -1972 (Schedule I -VI)
Conservation Status as per IUCN
1. Pondiceps ruficolis Little Grebe Schedule -IV Least Concern
2. Ardeola grayii Pond Heron Schedule -IV Least Concern
3. Bulbulcus ibis Cattle Egret Schedule -IV Least Concern
4. Platalea leucorodia Spoonbill Schedule -IV Least Concern
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5. Anas crecca Common Teal Schedule -IV Least Concern
6. Haliastur indus Brahminy Kite Schedule -IV Least Concern
7. Francolinus pondicerianus Grey Partridge Schedule -IV Least Concern
8. Vanellus indicus Red wattled Lapwing Schedule -IV Least Concern
9. Tringa hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Schedule -IV Least Concern
10. Columba livia Blue Rock Pigeon Schedule -IV Least Concern
11. Stroptopelia senegalensis Little Brown Dove Schedule -IV Least Concern
12. Eudymamys scolopacea Koel Schedule -IV Least Concern
13. Psittacula krameri Rose ringed
parakeet Schedule - V Least Concern
14. Caprimulgus asiaticus Common Indian
Nightjar Schedule -IV Least Concern
15. Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher Schedule -IV Least Concern
16. Coracias benghalensis Indian Roller Schedule -IV Least Concern
17. Lanius excubitor Grey Shrike Schedule -IV Least Concern
18. Upupa epops Hoopoe Schedule -IV Least Concern
19. Dicrurus adsimmlis Black Drongo Schedule -IV Least Concern
20. Acridotheres ginginianus Common Myna Schedule -IV Least Concern
21. Pycnonotus cafer Red Vented Bulbul Schedule -IV Least Concern
22. Orthotomus sutorius Tailor Bird Schedule -IV Least Concern
23. Turdoides sp. Bulbul Schedule -IV Least Concern
24. Lonchura sp. Munia Schedule -IV Least Concern
25. Passer domesticus House Sparrow Schedule -IV Least Concern
Reptiles
Documented reptiles in this region are given in Table 3-34.
Table 3-34: List of Reptiles in Study Area
S. No.
Name of Species Conservation Status
Common Name Scientific name IWPA -1972
(Schedule I - VI) IUCN
1 Indian Cobra Naja naja* II Least Concerned
2 Common garden lizard Calotes versicolor (Daudin) IV Least Concerned
3 File Snake Acrochordus granulates IV Least Concerned
4 Indian Chameleon Champacuon zeylanicus IV Least Concerned
5 Cheakered keelback Natrix piscator IV Least Concerned
= Not sighted but included as per the information provided by villagers, during the interaction with them with pictorial presentation
Mammals
The wild mammals observed other than domesticated ones, in the study area are documented in Table 3-35.
Table 3-35: List of Mammals in study area
S. No Common Name Scientific name Local Status IWPA -1972 (Schedule I -
VI)
1 Indian field mouse Mus booduga (Gray) Abundant V
2 Wild Boar Sus Scrofa Abundant III
3 Five striped Palm
squirrel
Funambulus pennanti
(Wroughton) Common IV
4 Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas) Abundant III
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5 Common Mongoose Herpestes edwardsi (Geoffroy) Common II
6 Jackal Canis aureus (Linnaeus) Common II
Endemic Fauna of the Study area
None of the sighted animal species can be assigned endemic species category of the study area.
Scheduled Fauna of the study area
Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972, amended on 17th January 2003, is an Act to provide for the protection of wild
animals, birds and plants and for matters connected therewith or ancillary or incidental thereto with a view to
ensuring the ecological and environmental security of the country.
Some of the sighted fauna was given protection by the Indian Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 by including them in
different schedules.
None of the reported animals are fall in Schedule I. Among reptile only Indian Cobra (Naja naja) are provided
protection as per Schedule-II of Wild life protection act, (1972) which was reported in the study area.
Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) and Jackal (Canis aureus) are schedule - II animals.
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is protected as Schedule-III animal as per Wild Life Protection act 1972.
3.13 SOCIO-ECONOMICS
3.13.1 Methodology
The study was conducted for various socio-economic components in respect of demographic structure,
infrastructure, health & economic status, religious/cultural attributes and awareness or opinion of the people about
the Project. This field survey was carried out within the aerial distance of 7 KM from the proposed site. The Primary
data was generated through site observation and focus group discussion in villages in accordance with Census
records, Official Documents, Socio-economic Review 2010-2011 reports etc.
The basic amenities have been abstracted from Census 2011 of Gujarat State, obtained from Office of Registrar
General India, New Delhi. The field survey was conducted in the villages coming under the study area to make
people aware about the upcoming of project. The opinion was collected from the village Sarpanch/Mukhia/ elderly
of each village. For an elaborate study in this area, various interview techniques and focused group discussions
were conducted for the socio-economic survey. The Key informants were identified from the villages in the study
area and relevant information about the village, the project and project proponent were gathered.
3.13.2 Social Profile
Population Distribution
The statistics regarding the human population and the number of dwelling units of villages in the study area as
given in Error! Reference source not found. indicates that there are only 2 habitation/settlements/villages in
the study area and the rest of the area salt waste land. This information is used from the Census of India, 2011.
But on site survey, it was found that there are many illegally constructed houses in and around the proposed site in
a scattered way. These houses belong to people of the Maachhi (fisherman) community who earn their livelihood
by fishing. There are also people who have settled here due to the availability of employment opportunities in the
nearby salt pans and other allied factories.
Table 3-36: List of Villages, Population and Households in the Study Area
Sr. No. District Sub- district Distance (Kms) Habitation HH Population
1 Kutch Gandhidham 0 - 7 kms Kandla (CT) 3,574 15,782
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Sr. No. District Sub- district Distance (Kms) Habitation HH Population
2 Kutch Gandhidham 0 - 7 kms Khari Rohar - -
Sub Total 3,574 15,782
Grand Total 3,574 15,782
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2011
As per 2011 India census, Kandla (CT) had a population of 15,782 with households of 3,574 in the demarcated
study area i.e. 0-7 kms. The Kutch district had total population of 2,090,313 of which male and female are
1,096,343 and 993,970 respectively. With regards to Sex Ratio in Kutch, it stood at 942 per 1000 male. The
average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per latest reports of Census 2011.
Table 3-37: Male – Female Population and Households in the Study Area
Distance 2011
Sex Ratio Male Female
0 - 7 kms 9,028 6,754 748
Total 9,028 6,754 748
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2011
The above information has been derived from the Primary Census Abstract, 2011, which shows that the total
population in the study area was 15,782 of which males were 9.028 and females were 6,754 with sex ratio of 748
per 1000 males.
Table 3-38: SC/ ST Population in the Study Area
Distance
2011
% SC % ST
Total Male Female Total Male Female
0 - 3 kms 2.71 63.55 57.35 2.63 56.87 43.13
Total 2.71 63.55 57.35 2.63 56.87 43.13
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2011
According to the Census of India 2011, the study area has 2.71% SC population and 2.63% ST population. Male SC
population is 63.55% and female SC population is 57.35%. Male ST Population is 56.87% and female ST population
is 43.13% in the study area.
Social Characteristics
Kachchh, located on the western-most tip of India, is the geographically largest district in India. The district has 10
talukas, of which the major ones are Bhuj (district headquarter), Anjar, Mandvi, Mundra and Gandhidham. The
entire district is inhabited by various groups and communities. Many of these have reached this region after
centuries of migration from neighbouring regions of Marwar, Sindh, Afghanistan. Gandhidham is a Taluka in the
Kachchh District of Gujarat State of India. The town was created in the early 1950s for the resettlement of the
refugees from Sindh of Pakistan in the aftermath of the partition of India. In recent history Gandhidham is a fast
developing city in Gujarat state. Even today, one can find various nomadic, semi nomadic and artisan groups living
in Kachchh. The various caste of people residing in the study area are Ahir, Rabari, Gadhvi, Harijan, etc. The area is
also partly dominated by Muslims.
Educational Facilities
The entire study area has only 1 Government Primary School. There is a school on the Kandla Port Trust Land
named ‘Shree United Salt Prathmik Shaala’ which is not included in the Census Data.
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Shree United Salt Prathmik Shaala
Anganwadis and Primary schools are present outside of the study area. Gandhidham city has several schools
providing high school education. The first English Medium School in the city is Modern School. The Schools in the
area include D.A.V. Public School,"Bachpan Pre-School", P.N. Amersey High School, Small Wonder School, Delhi
Public School, Ananda Marga Primary school in Sector-7 and Ananda Marga High School in DC-2, Rambaug road
(English Medium),the other schools are Mount Carmel High School,Kakubhai Parikh School(K.P.S), Saint Xaviers at
Adipur, Kendriya Vidyalaya at IFFCO colony, Kendriya Vidyalaya at Railway colony, Aum Vidiya Mandir at IFFCO
colony, Sadhu Vaswani International School and Amarchand Singhvi School and "Hindi Medium" Schools are Dr.
C.G. High School and Adarsh Mahavidhyalaya situated in the heart of the city.
The colleges for graduation and higher studies are Tolani College of Science & Arts, Tolani Commerce College and
Diploma in Engineering, Management Institute situated nearby in Adipur.
The percentage of literacy rate in the study area is enumerated in the undermentioned table.
Table 3-39: Literacy rates in the Study Area
Distance
2011
% Literacy
Total Male Female
0 - 7 kms 43.57 52.85 31.18
Total 43.57 52.85 31.18
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2011
According to the Primary Census Abstract 2011, the study area has an average literacy of 43.57% of which male
literacy is 52.85% and female literacy is 31.18%. According to the census data 2011, the entire district had an
average literacy rate of 71.58%; male literacy was 80.60% and female literacy was 61.62%.
Health Facilities
The average Life Expectancy of the people in Gandhidham Taluka is 70-80 years. The morbidity rate is low and
people don’t fall sick quite often. The most common disease spread in the entire study area is Malaria affecting a
large number of people. Some other diseases predominantly found in the area are Cancer, Skin Diseases, Typhoid
and Problem of Stones in stomach/ kidney, etc.
Most of the households in the study area lack proper sanitation facilities. Only few houses in the villages have
privately constructed toilet blocks. Others do not have such facility. There is a dearth of a collective toilet blocks
(Sulabh Shauchalaya) in the villages which causes a threat to the hygiene conditions of the people.
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Drinking Water Facilities
Most of the human settlements/habitation/villages are provided with water through the Private Water Tankers.
These tankers are brought from Anjar or Bhuj. Few villages outside the study area get water from the Narmada
Canal.
Social Welfare
Anganwadi Workers (AWWs) and Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are present in all the villages and work
actively for Women and Child development. While the Anganwadi Workers work in the areas of pre-natal and
neonatal care, immunization and vaccination of children up to 6 years, and implementing the Integrated Child
Development Scheme (ICDS); the Accredited Social Health Activists work specifically in the areas of female health,
maternal mortality and promotion of institutional deliveries, encouraging for “family planning”, improving village
sanitation, maintaining demographic records of the village etc.
3.13.3 Economic Profile
Agriculture and allied sectors
Major Crops being produced in the outside the study area are Oil seed, Bajra, Jowar, Cotton, Pulses, Date Palms
and Egg-Plant. Among various Oilseeds groundnut, castor seeds, rape and mustard seeds are the most important
crops. Kachchh is an important producer of psyllium (Isabgul), cumin and coriander. The main market for selling
the crops is Anjar.
Industries/Factories
Kachchh has re-emerged from the ruins of one of the most disastrous earthquakes in the history that took place in
January 2001 and today has become a major industrial hub. Over 60% of total salt production is contributed by the
district. The district also has large reserves of limestone, bauxite, lignite and bentonite, and is one of the preferred
destinations for most of the mineral based industries. It boasts of being the world’s largest manufacturer of
Submerged Arc Welded (SAW) pipes. A good number of medium /large scale industries are supported by a sizeable
number of small scale industries. Due to presence of two important ports, Kandla and Mundra, the district accounts
for a very high cargo movement. Kachchh is also known for handicrafts. Out of total 136 industrial cooperative
societies, 71 belong to handicrafts. Palaces, temples, fairs and festivals of Kachchh attracts a large number of
tourists in the district.
Photograph 7: Industries in the study area
Indian Farmers fertilizers Corporation Ltd. Friends Salt & Allied Products Pvt. Ltd.
Madhapar village in Kachchh which is outside of the study area is considered to be Asia's richest village due to
foreign remittances by NRIs in Africa, the Gulf countries, UK and the USA.
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Animal Husbandry
The most common animals found for livestock rearing are cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep.
Photograph 8: Animal Husbandry in the study area
Animal Husbandry in the study area
Employment Generation
People residing in the study area mostly depend on the various factories for their livelihood. Many people of the
study area are employed into private sector firms established in the vicinity of their residence. They work mostly at
the shop floor level where actual manpower is required. Some people also work as daily wage labourers in skilled
and unskilled sectors.
Table 3-40: Occupational Pattern of the Study area
Distance
% Occupational Status (2011)
Total Working Population
Cultivators Agricultural
Labor Household Workers
Others Marginal Workers
0- 7 kms 39.73 0.10 0.24 0.33 92.63 6.70
Total 39.73 0.10 0.24 0.33 92.63 6.70
Source: Primary Census Abstract, 2011
Infrastructure and Accessibility of Roads and Means of Transportation
The National Highway 8A connects Kachchh with Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Rajkot and Surat. Bhuj is connected with
Kandla by a State Highway via Anjar. The Gandhidham Railway Station is the only railway service in the study area.
It is not depicted in the Primary Census Abstract because Gandhidham falls under the urban city limits and so is not
considered in rural amenities.
Mumbai is connected with Bhuj by broad gauge stations. Mundra and Kandla ports are linked by broad gauge rail to
the Delhi-Mumbai Industrial Corridor. Bhuj-Gandhidham-Kandla-Ahmedabad broad gauge line provide direct
connectivity from Kachchh to other parts of country.
Bhuj has the only operational airport in Kachchh. Kandla, Mandvi Mundra air strips are under development.
Mundra Port Project has just established the longest non - government railway line, between Adipur and Mundra,
covering a distance of 57 km. This port is connected to Gandhidham by National Highway and a broad gauge
railway line. Other ports in the district include Kandla and Mandvi.
Availability of Power Supply
The Government Power supply (PGVCL) is easily available to all the houses of all the villages of the study area. The
district owns also Lignite Power Stations located in Panandhro city. It also has 42 sub stations installed with a
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capacity of 215 Mega Watt (MW). Wind power has a great potential in the district. A few of the wind power projects
proposed in Kachchh are:
250 MW project by NEG Micon
500 MW project by Suzlon Energy (to manufacture tubular tower in the region)
Means of Communication
The study area is well equipped with the communication facilities. There is 1 Post Office in the study area. And
many Telephonic Connections, however, with the latest technology is on the rise, the most common medium of
communication is the mobile phone. It is owned by almost the entire population of the study area. The fixed land-
lines have almost come to the threshold of extinction. Apart from mobile phones, television sets are also an
important part of the lives of the people in the study area.
Availability of Banking Facilities
There are branches of many nationalized banks like State Bank of India, Bank of Baroda, Dena Bank etc. present in
and outside study area which is an advantage to the people. Other players in the banking service with their facilities
in the study area are ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, HDFC, etc. Easily accessible Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) of
these banks are also located here which benefits the locals and outsiders too.
3.13.4 Cultural Profile
Lifestyle
Gandhidham is inhabited by various groups and communities. Many of these have reached this region after
centuries of migration from neighbouring regions of Marwar, Sindh, Afghanistan and further. Even today, one can
find various nomadic, semi nomadic and artisan groups living in Kachchh. The language spoken in Kachchh
predominantly is Kachchhi language, to a lesser extent Gujarati, Sindhi, and Hindi. The district's population mostly
follows Hinduism. The remaining population adhere mostly to Jainism and Islam. There are also some Sikhs and
a Gurudwara situated in Kachchh at Lakhpat. The Swaminarayan Sampraday has a huge followers in this region.
The main temple in this district is Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Bhuj.
Photograph 9 : Place of Religious Importance in the study area
Hindu Temple, Mithi Rohar Hanuman Temple, Gandhidham
The majority of the population is vegetarian. Jains and some other caste practice strict vegetarianism. Jains also
refrain from eating kandmool food grown below the ground such as potatoes, garlic, onion, suran,
etc. Hindus practice various degree of vegetarianism but certainly do not eat beef.
In the villages, staple foods include bajra and milk; bajara na rotla with curd and butter milk is very common food
for all the Gujarati people. Bajra was introduced by a brave king of this region named Lakho Fulani. During his
period of exile, he came to know about this grain in some tribal regions. They also extensively
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drink buttermilk during lunch. Milk is considered to be sacred food and offering it to somebody is considered a
gesture of friendship and welcoming.
Tea is the most popular drink in this region and is enjoyed irrespective of sex, caste, religion or social status. Tea
Stalls where groups of people chat over tea are invariable sights of every village or town entrance from early
morning to late evening.
3.14 Marine Environment
3.14.1 Water
Methodology Adopted
Kadam Environmental Consultants has collected marine water samples and carried out their analysis in KEC
laboratory to assess quality of water within 7 km radius of the project site. Marine water for all parameters was
collected using a clean bucket and for bottom water a Niskin sub sampler (Partex model-2.5 litre capacity) with self-
closing mechanism was used.
Analysis Method Adopted
The samples were further analysed as per the APHA Standard Methods (23rd Edition). Table 3-41 below describes
analytical methodology for parameters to be analysed and with minimum detection limit of the instruments
available at KEC laboratory.
Table 3-41: Analysis Methods Adopted for Water Samples
S. No. Parameters Methodology
1. pH APHA: 4500-H+ B (23rd Edition), Electrometric method
2. Temperature APHA: 2550 B (23rd Edition), Standard Thermometer
3. Turbidity APHA: 2130 B (23rd Edition), Nephelometric Method
4. Salinity APHA: 2520 B (23rd Edition), Electrical Conductivity method
5. SS APHA: 2540 D (23rd Edition)
6. Dissolved Oxygen APHA: 4500 O-C (23rd Edition), Iodometric method
7. BOD IS: 3025 (part-44):1993 (RA 2014) Iodometric
8. Nitrate IS:3025 (part-34) 1988 (RA 2014), 3.3 colorimetric method
9. Ammonical Nitrogen IS:3025 (part-34), 1988 (RA 2014), Distillation & colorimetric
10. Nitrite IS:3025 (part-34), 1988 (RA 2014),
11. Dissolved Phosphate APHA:4500 P -C (23rd Edition)
12. Phenol APHA: 5530-D (23rd Edition), Direct photometric Method
13. Lead (as Pb) APHA: 3111-B (23rd Edition) AAS
14. Cadmium (as Cd) APHA: 3111-B (23rd Edition) AAS
15. Iron (as Fe) APHA: 3500-Fe-B (23rd Edition), Phenanthroline method/APHA: 3111-B (23rd
Edition) AAS
16. Manganese (as Mn) APHA: 3500-Mn-B (23rd Edition) Persulphate method/ APHA: 3111-B
(23rd Edition) AAS
17. Copper (as Cu) APHA: 3111- B (23rd Edition) AAS
18. Zinc (as Zn) APHA: 3111-B (23rd Edition) AAS
Primary Data Collection
Estuary water samples were collected during the Baseline study period. The details of water sampling, analysis
results and observations of baseline water quality is given in further details.
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Details of Water Sampling Locations
Estuary water sampling locations are selected based on review of land use plan and nearby site habitation village
/locations in 7 km radius of project.
The details of Estuary/Marine water sampling locations are presented in below table:
Table 3-42: Details of Marine Water Sampling Locations
Quality of Marine Water
Analytical results of the Marine water samples are presented in Table 3-43 & Table 3-44.
Code Source Date of Sampling Latitude Longitude
SW 1 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 02' 52.92" N 70° 13' 6.61" E
SW 2 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 02' 52.57" N 70° 13' 5.99" E
SW 3 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 04' 40.47" N 70° 13' 38.74" E
SW 4 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 04' 39.84" N 70° 12' 46.64" E
SW 5 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 04' 2.72" N 70° 13' 12.15" E
SW 6 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 02' 39.65" N 70° 13' 34.69" E
SW 7 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 02' 15.73" N 70° 13' 45.60" E
SW 8 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 01' 23.25" N 70° 13' 55.18" E
SW 9 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 23° 00' 21.58" N 70° 13' 58.13" E
SW 10 Marine/ Estuary Water 07.12.2017 22° 59' 1.23" N 70° 14' 0.56" E
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Table 3-43: Marine Water Results – During High Tide
S. No.
Parameters Unit
Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters Marine Outfalls
Surface Water Quality
Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Station 6 Station 7 Station 8 Station 9 Station 10
SW 1 BW 1 SW 2 BW 2 SW3 BW3 SW 4 BW 4 SW 5 BW 5 SW 6 BW 6 SW 7
BW 7 SW 8 BW 8 SW 9 BW 9 SW 10
BW 10
SW-I SW-II
SW-III
SW-IV
SW-V
7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17
1 pH - 6.5 to 8.5 6.5 to 8.5
6.5 to 8.5
6.0 to 9.0
6.0 to 9.0
8.1 8.06 7.99 8.0 8.05 8.25 7.92 8.08 7.89 7.98 7.96 8.13 7.5 7.8 8.10 8.19 8.16 8.27 7.8 7.5
2 Temperature °C - - - - - 26.5 26.5 27.9 27.1 27.5 26.9 27.1 26.5 27.5 26.6 27.3 26.5 27 27 26.9 26.9 27.2 26.3 26.5 26.8
3 Turbidity NTU NS 30 30 NS NS - 1.7 0.9 1.1 0.6 1.9 1.2 2.7 1.6 2.5 1.4 2.6 2.5 1.9 0.8 1.8 1.2 1.9 1.5 1.7
4 Salinity Ppt - - - - - 36 36.3 37.1 38.9 35.2 36.0 35.3 36.2 33.2 36.5 34.5 35.9 35.2 36 33.9 35.6 34.2 36.3 35.5 33.5
5 Suspended
Solids mg/l
None from
Sewage or
Industrial waste Origin
NS NS NS NS 35 37 38 33 35 41 39 44 27 45 30 41 33 37 38 53 37 44 35 33
6 DO mg/L 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2 1.5 1.7 1.6 2.3 1.0 2.0 1.2 2 1.0 2.1 1.3 2.2 2.7 2.0 1.2 1.9 1.6 1.8 2.2
7 BOD mg/l NS 3 NS 5 NS 4.5 6 6 5 <4 6 5 <4 4 4 <4 <4 5.2 4.9 <4 4 <4 4 5 4
8 Nitrate µmol/L - - - - - 5.2 4.84 3.23 3.71 3.30 3.55 3.23 4.03 3.55 3.39 4.68 4.03 4.8 5.1 3.71 3.55 4.19 4.35 3.5 4.21
9 Ammonical Nitrogen
µmol/L - - - - - 5.6 <5.54 <5.54 6.04 5.82 <5.54 <5.54 5.99 <5.54 6.10 5.65 <5.54 5.2 5.7 <5.54 5.77 5.93 5.71 5.6 5.7
10 Nitrite µmol/L - - - - - 2.89 3.26 <2.17 <2.17 2.43 3.70 3.91 <2.17 3.04 2.43 <2.17 3.04 2.5 2.7 3.26 <2.17 2.74 <2.17 2.17 2.3
11 Dissolved Phosphate
µmol/L - - - - - 11.0 <10.53 10.74 <10.53 <10.53 11.37 10.63 11.58 10.74 11.37 <10.53 11.16 11.7 <10.53 10.95 10.95 10.84 11.48 10.9 <10.53
12 Phenol µg/L - - - - - <1 <1 <1 3.2 <1 5.1 <1 <1 1.5 3.1 2.5 3.6 1.2 <1 <1 4.1 4.1 <1 <1 <1
13 Lead mg/L 0.001 NS NS NS NS 0.70 0.90 0.60 0.47 0.39 0.53 0.49 0.53 0.30 0.47 0.32 0.37 0.2 0.5 0.46 0.34 0.33 0.24 0.25 0.30
14 Cadmium mg/L 0.01 NS NS NS NS 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.05 <0.003 0.02 <0.003 0.02 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.07
15 Iron mg/L NS NS 0.5 NS NS 0.35 0.60 0.63 0.40 0.44 0.53 0.55 0.44 0.42 0.39 0.51 0.71 0.50 0.68 0.57 0.45 0.33 0.78 0.50 0.52
16 Manganese mg/L NS NS 0.5 NS NS 0.05 <0.02 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 <0.02 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 0.13 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.03
17 Copper mg/L - - - - - 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.05
18 Zinc mg/L - - - - - <0.03 0.04 0.06 <0.03 0.04 0.04 <0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 <0.03 <0.03 0.02 <0.03 0.04 <0.03 0.04 <0.03 0.05 <0.03
Note: Ns- Not Specified; SW: Surface Water of creek; BW: Bottom Water of creek
Classification of Coastal/Marine Waters for Designated Best Uses
Class Designated Best Use
SW-I Salt
SW-II Bathing, Contact Water Sports and Commercial Fishing
SW-III Industrial Cooling, Recreation (Non-contact) and Aesthetics
SW-IV Harbor
SW-V Navigation and Controlled Waste Disposal
Observation of Marine Water Quality during High Tide
The baseline quality of water based on the results of the surface water quality monitoring within the study area, it is observed that the quality of marine (SW1 & SW2) can be compared with class SW-IV and Quality of estuary (SW3, SW4, SW5,
SW7, SW8, and SW10) is matching with class SW-III & SW- IV as per costal water marine standards. Whereas the quality of Estuary SW6 & SW9 is matching with class SW – IV & SW V as per coastal marine standards.
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Table 3-44: Marine Water Results – During Low Tide
S. No.
Parameters Unit
Water Quality Standards for Coastal Waters Marine Outfalls
Surface water Quality
Station 1 Station 2 Station 3 Station 4 Station 5 Station 6 Station 7 Station 8 Station 9 Station 10
SW 1 BW 1 SW 2 BW 2 SW3 BW3 SW 4 BW 4 SW 5 BW 5 SW 6 BW 6 SW 7 BW 7 SW 8 BW 8 SW 9 BW 9 SW 10
BW 10
SW-I SW-II
SW-III
SW-IV
SW-V 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17 7.12.17
1 pH - 6.5 to 8.5
6.5 to 8.5
6.5 to 8.5
6.0 to 9.0
6.0 to 9.0
7.71 7.81 7.73 8.02 7.78 7.99 7.48 7.82 7.72 8.01 7.48 7.88 7.77 8.10 7.59 7.96 7.63 7.68 7.86 8.04
2 Temperature °C - - - - - 27.3 26.2 27.5 26.5 27.2 26.1 27.5 26.3 27.6 26.6 27.2 26.5 27.5 26.9 27.3 26.7 27.5 26.3 27.6 26.5
3 Turbidity NTU NS 30 30 NS NS 0.9 3.2 1.6 2.4 1.4 3.2 1.3 2.3 2.7 2.7 1.5 2.5 2.2 3.2 1.1 2.8 1.4 1.5 1.4 2.3
4 Salinity Ppt - - - - - 34.2 35.2 35.6 35.9 35.1 36.1 35.5 35.9 35.5 36.2 35.5 36.4 34.9 35.9 33.5 36.3 33.9 36.2 35.6 36.1
5 Suspended
Solids mg/l
None from
Sewage or
Industrial waste Origin
NS NS NS NS 28 32 23 38 25 36 20 22 38 41 26 33 27 24 21 39 29 39 28 34
6 DO mg/L 5.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.5 1.9 1.8 1.4 2.1 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.6 1.4 1.7 1.5
7 BOD mg/l NS 3 NS 5 NS <4 <4 5 <4 <4 4 <4 4 4 4 <4 5 5 <4 5 <4 4 <4 5 4
8 Nitrate µmol/L - - - - - 3.71 3.55 3.55 4.35 3.23 4.52 3.39 3.39 4.35 4.84 5.16 4.52 3.71 4.03 3.39 3.71 4.84 3.23 4.35 3.39
9 Ammonical Nitrogen
µmol/L - - - - - 6.10 <5.54 <5.54 5.93 5.60 5.77 <5.54 5.88 5.71 5.65 <5.54 <5.54 <5.54 5.93 <5.54 <5.54 6.04 6.10 5.82 <5.54
10 Nitrite µmol/L - - - - - <2.17 3.91 2.74 4.67 2.61 4.13 2.39 2.83 2.56 4.35 <2.17 3.26 3.26 2.67 <2.17 2.61 3.26 <2.17 7.39 2.74
11 Dissolved Phosphate
µmol/L - - - - - <10.53 11.06 <10.53 10.95 10.74 11.37 <10.53 10.53 10.63 11.06 10.63 10.74 <10.53 <10.53 <10.53 10.63 10.74 11.06 10.95 11.16
12 Phenol µg/L - - - - - 3.1 4.5 3.3 2.3 5.6 2.5 7.2 2.9 6.6 4.1 7.7 3.6 6.2 3.2 3.2 6.6 3.3 5.6 2.2 5.2
13 Lead mg/L 0.001 NS NS NS NS 0.46 0.57 0.27 0.15 0.60 0.54 0.63 0.66 0.17 0.14 0.50 0.33 0.06 0.19 0.57 0.45 0.38 0.23 0.44 0.28
14 Cadmium mg/L 0.01 NS NS NS NS 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.09
15 Iron mg/L NS NS 0.5 NS NS 0.35 0.46 0.36 0.29 0.53 0.39 0.63 0.48 0.47 0.28 0.51 0.58 0.45 0.47 0.51 0.52 0.34 0.32 0.36 0.44
16 Manganese mg/L NS NS 0.5 NS NS 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 <0.02 <0.02 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 <0.02 0.03 0.04 <0.02 0.03 0.06
17 Copper mg/L - - - - - 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.06
18 Zinc mg/L - - - - - <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.04 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 <0.03 0.06 0.04 0.04 <0.03 0.06 0.06
Note: Ns- Not Specified; SW: Surface Water of creek; BW: Bottom Water of creek
Observation of Marine Water Quality during Low Tide
The baseline quality of water based on the results of the surface water quality monitoring within the study area, it is observed that Marine Water during Low Tide: The Quality of estuary (SW1 and SW9) is matching with class SW-II & SW- III as per
costal water marine standards. Whereas the quality of Estuary (SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, SW8 & SW10) is matching with class SW – III & SW IV as per coastal marine standards
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Results and Discussion
pH
Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH) is a very sensitive and important parameter of an environmental study. Variations
in pH due to chemical and other industrial discharges can render a water column unsuitable for aquatic life.
Identifying pH for acidic or alkaline disturbances enables one to locate zones of pollution and other quality
conditions for the use of seawater. During the present study, the pH of the water samples varied from 7.4 to 8.2.
The values show the normal trend for creek water.
Temperature
Vertical and horizontal temperature gradients of seawater temperature bear direct impact on the productivity and
animal population of the region. In surface and bottom waters of ten stations, temperature varied between 26.1°C
and 27.9°C. The variation of temperature at surface and bottom during high tide and low tide was insignificant,
indicating absence of thermal stratification.
Turbidity
Turbidity variations were observed among stations. Turbidity range were observed 0.6 to 3.2 NTU among ten water
samples.
Salinity
Assessment of salinity variation and the consequent stratification is extremely important. The estimated salinity in
ten stations varied between 33.2 to 38.9 ppt during high and low tide. Kandla creek is a negative water body where
evapo-transpiration exceeds precipitation.
Suspended Solids
Suspended solids in creek water originate either from autochthonous (biological) or allochthonus (derived from
terrestrial matter) sources. In general, the suspended solids concentration of all the ten water samples of Kandla
Creek ranged between 20 - 53 mg/L representing very much higher side than the prescribed limit of ≤ 25 mg/l.
Total Dissolved Oxygen
Of all the dissolved gases in water, oxygen is the most important one for the survival of aquatic biota. Generally,
the coastal waters are saturated with DO. This was also evident in the study area. DO values varied from 1.2 to 2.9
mg/L. The present study shows that the water of the study area is aerated and no signs of stress could be
discerned.
BOD
Rate of aerobic utilization of DO is a useful tool to evaluate the intensity of deterioration in an aquatic medium. The
Oxygen taken up for the breakup of organic matter leads to a reducing environment or in the event of release of
excess nutrients, it may cause eutrophication. In the present study maximum BOD was observed 6 mg/l during high
tide and in maximum stations were <4 mg/l during both tides.
Phenol
Higher concentrations of phenol in seawater can occur in areas receiving industrial wastewaters. Phenols can be
toxic to marine organisms and can accumulate in certain cellular components. The concentration of phenol during
the study period varied between 2.2 to 7.7 µg/l.
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Heavy Metals
In all ten stations Heavy metals (lead, Cadmium, Iron, Manganese, Copper and Zinc) are negligible except lead
concentration. During study maximum lead concentration was 0.66 mg/l.
Nitrate
Nitrate concentration in coastal waters is generally <4 mg/l (Zingde et al., 1989) whereas the nitrate values
registered in the present study varied from 3.23 - 5.2 µmol/L which might be due to elevated nutrient enrichment
from coastal runoff and Kandla port activity.
Nitrite
Nitrite is an important element, which occurs in seawater as an intermediate compound in the microbial reduction
of nitrate or in the oxidation of ammonia and a major source of nutrients to coastal waters being terrestrial run-off.
The values of nitrite ranged from 2.39 to 7.39 mg/l during the study.
Phosphate
Inorganic phosphate is also an important nutrient like nitrogen compound in the primary production of the sea and
its concentration especially in the coastal waters is influenced by the land run off and domestic sewage. In the
present study, the maximum phosphate value was reported 11.16 mg/l
3.14.2 Sediment
Heavy metals released into marine environment rapidly bind to particulates and sink to the sea floor. Marine
sediments, consequently act as an ultimate sink for heavy metals input into the aquatic environment.
Methodology Adopted
Table 3-45: Analysis Methods for Sediment Parameters
Sr. No. Specific Test Performed Test Method specification against which tests are performed
1 Texture LAB-SOP-086, Hydrometer method
2 Organic Carbon IS 2720 (Part 22):1972 RA-2015
3 Phosphorous IS 10158 (Part 2): 1973 RA-2010
4 Nickle EPA-3050 B, AAS
5 Copper EPA-3050 B, AAS
6 Zinc EPA-3050 B, AAS
7 Cadmium EPA-3050 B, AAS
8 Lead EPA-3050 B, AAS
9 Mercury APHA 23rd Edition 3112-B, Cold Vapour AAS method
10 Phenol APHA 23rd Edition 5530 D
11 Potassium LAB-SOP-128, Flame emission Photometric method
12 Sodium LAB-SOP-117, Flame emission Photometric method
13 Magnesium LAB-SOP-130, EDTA Titrimetric & calculation method
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Primary Data Collection
Table 3-46: Sediment Quality Results
Sr. No. Parameter Unit Station 1
(LT) Station 2
(HT) Station 2
(LT) Station 3
(HT) Station 3
(LT) Station 4
(LT) Station 5
(LT) Station 6
(HT) Station 6
(LT) Station 7
(LT) Station 8
(HT) Station 8
(LT) Station 9
(HT) Station 9
(LT) Station 10
(LT)
1 pH - 7.20 6.80 7.08 7.13 7.81 7.79 8.10 7.70 7.44 7.70 7.32 7.99 7.50 7.92 7.91
2 Particle size Distribution
3 Sand % 95 97 93 92 93 88 95 91 87 92 95 92 47 47 45
4 Clay % 4 2 5 7 5 8 4 8 8 6 3 6 13 14 18
5 Silt % 1 1 2 1 2 4 1 1 5 2 2 2 40 39 37
6 Texture Sand Sand Sand Sand Sand Loamy Sand Sand Sand Loamy Sand Sand Sand Sand Loam Loam Loam
7 TOC % 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.26 0.34 0.09 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.21 0.06 0.07 0.26 0.27 0.51
8 Phosphorous mg/kg <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20
9 Magnesium gm/kg 0.28 0.47 0.08 0.42 0.41 0.27 0.21 0.89 0.65 0.53 0.65 0.46 0.68 0.59 0.47
10 Sodium gm/kg 1.55 2.01 3.22 15.10 8.51 2.41 1.00 13.45 11.72 1.84 2.56 4.10 6.13 12.92 0.16
11 Potassium gm/kg 0.20 0.14 0.21 1.05 0.42 0.37 0.11 1.08 1.03 0.17 0.20 0.42 0.71 0.99 0.01
12 Zinc mg/kg <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6
13 Copper mg/kg <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6 <0.6
14 Lead mg/kg <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2 <0.2
15 Cadmium mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06 <0.06
16 Nickel mg/kg <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4 <0.4
17 Mercury mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
18 Phenol mg/kg <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02
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Observations
Heavy metals released into marine environment rapidly bind to particulates and sink to the sea floor. Marine
sediments, consequently act as an ultimate sink for heavy metals input into the aquatic environment. The sediment
had sandy to loam texture having very high percentage of sand (45-95 %) as usually is the case with river bed
soils. The pH varied from 6.80 – 8.10 indicting that the predominance of neutral salt (NaCl) has helped in
maintaining pH below 8.5, which is an alkaline range. Total organic carbon varied from 0.06 – 0.51 %, which shows
that organic debris are not predominant. Among alkaline earth metals, there was predominance of sodium (0.15 –
15.10 gm/kg) followed by Mg (0.08 – 0.89 gm/kg) and potassium (0.01 – 1.08 gm/kg). The heavy metals were well
within the safe (Zinc- 60 mg/kg; Copper- 70 mg/kg; Lead- 25 mg/kg; Cd- 0.15 mg/kg; Nickel- 35 mg/kg and Hg-
(0.2 mg/kg) limits prescribed by Hilton et al. (1985) and EU regulations. The results of earlier studies reported do
not indicate increase in the loading of pollutants in sea as observed in the present study.
Ref: - Hilton,J, Davison, W, Ochsenaein, U. (1985). A mathematical model for analysis of sediment coke data. Chemical Geology, 48:
281-2912
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Figure 3-5: Sampling Location Map – Marine Environment
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3.14.3 Biodiversity of Marine Environment
Any kind of developmental projects in any given region must learn to respect the ecological integrity and
biodiversity values of concern region as these are going to be the determinants of environment quality as well as
the sustainability of the development interventions.
This represents existing biodiversity status of the project site / core zone and its surrounding environ / buffer zone
(7 km. radius) of the project study area. In addition, present work predicts likely impacts of proposed activity /
project and its associated activities, and suggests mitigation measures to reduce impacts on various biological
components of the project study area.
Phytoplankton is the essential component in the marine/estuarine ecosystem as primary producers at the very
beginning of food web. Phytoplankton as a group is largely made up of diatoms, dinoflagellates, cocolithophores,
cryptomonads, chrysomonads, green algae and cynobacteria (blue-green algae). Diatoms and dinoflagellates are
the most important members of the marine phytoplankton.
Zooplanktons inhabit all depth of the water column and constitute the largest ecological group of organism in the
sea and play an important role in marine food chain (Goswami, et al. 1999). They include a wide variety of
passively drifting organisms of different shape, size belonging to various animal phyla viz., Protozoa, Coelenterates,
Chaetognatha, Annelids, Arthropoda, Mollusca, etc. Abundance of zooplankton practically acts as an ideal index to
assess the fertility of water mass. Zooplankton may be classified according to their habitats, depth distribution, size
and duration of planktonic life.
Macrobenthos such as polychaeta, decapoda and mollusca are important sea-bed fauna. Some species of this group
are considered to be useful biological indicators for aquatic ecosystems. The benthos are mostly non-migrant
inhabitants, and can be used as indices of ecological changes in the benthic and pelagic environment.
Methodology
Phytoplankton
Water samples for Chlorophyll a were collected in near surface using a clean plastic bucket and bottom water using
a Niskin water sub sampler and transferred to amber bottle (500ml) and transported to laboratory in Ice box at a
temperature of 5°C. Water sample were filtered immediately after collection using 0.45 µm pore size millipore filter
paper laced with a few drops of MgCO3. The filter paper with the filtrate was crushed with 90% acetone and stored
in dark condition for 24 hrs. This sample was crushed again, centrifuged at 3000 RPM and the absorbance of the
supernatant was measured at taken at 665 and 750 nm in spectrophotometer. Samples were acidified and again
measured at the same wavelength for the assessment of phaeophytin.
Phytoplankton samples were collected at ten stations where data on in situ water quality parameters were also
collected for comparison. Samples were collected from the surface using standard plankton net with a mesh size of
51µM and a mouth area of 0.1256 m2 (20cm radius). The net fitted with a flowmeter (Hydrobios) was towed from a
motorized boat. Bottom samples were collected using Niskin bottom sampler. Plankton adhering to the net was
concentrated in the net bucket transferred to a pre-cleaned and rinsed container and preserved with 5%
neutralized formaldehyde. The containers were appropriately labelled indicating the details of collection and were
transferred to laboratory for further analysis. The initial and final flow meter reading was noted down for calculating
the amount of water filtered.
Quantitative analysis of phytoplankton (cell count) was carried out using Sedgewick-Rafter counting chamber. 1 ml
of soup added to a Sedgwick counting chamber was observed under an inverted compound microscope. Number of
cells present in individual cells of the counting chambers (1/1000) were noted and identified up to generic level.
Number of observations was fixed so as to represent the entire quantity of the soup (generally more than 30 times)
and the recorded data were used for further calculations with which density of phytoplankton in 1 liter of the
seawater was calculated using the following formula:
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N=n×v/V (where N is the total no/l; n is average no of cells in 1 ml; v is volume of concentrate; V is total volume of
water filtered).
Zooplankton
Samples were collected at the same sites where samples for phytoplankton and other water quality parameters
were collected. Zooplankton samples were collected using standard Heron Trenton net with a mouth area of 0.25
m2 (0.5 x 0.5m) fitted with a flow meter. The net was pulled for a unit time and the initial and final reading in the
flow meter was noted down and the sample collected in the plankton bucket was transferred to appropriately
labelled container and preserved with 5% neutralized formaldehyde. In order to counter-check the zooplankton
density values obtained one ml of the zooplankton sample was added to a Sedgwick counting chamber and was
observed under a compound microscope. The major group/taxa were identified using standard identification keys
and their number was counted. Random cells in the counting chamber were taken for consideration and the
number of zooplankton were noted down along with their binomial name. This was repeated for five 1 ml samples
and the average value was considered for final calculation. For greater accuracy, the final density values were
counter-checked and compared with the data collected by settlement method. Zooplankton biomass (wet weight)
was estimated by filtering the plankton samples with a piece of net fabric and removing the excess water by a
blotting paper. Plankton thus obtained was measured by displacement method.
Benthos
Sediment samples for macro benthos were collected using Van Veen grab sampler with a covering area of 0.1 m2 at
8 locations. In addition, two intertidal benthic samples were also collected near proposed Jetty by using quadrat of
different sizes. Immediately after collection, the benthic organisms were separated by sieving through 500 micron
mesh sieve and preserved using 5% formaldehyde with Rose Bengal stain. Back in the laboratory, the samples
were sorted and identified up to group/Genera level using stereo zoom microscope. The wet weight was taken to
calculate the biomass of benthic organisms in all the four stations.
Results
Chlrophyll “a”
In the present study area concentration of chlorophyll ‘a’ ranged from of 0.5 mg/m3 to 2.4 mg/m3. The lower
chlorophyll concentration recorded at BMS 10 and maximum were recorded in BMS 7.
In the present study area Phaeophytin ranged from 0.2 mg/m3 to 0.8 mg/m3. Lower values of phaeophytin was
recorded at BMS 10 and maximum were recorded at BMS 2.
Table 3-47: Values for Chlorophyll and Phaeophytin
Station Tide Chlorophyll a (mg/m3) Phaeophytin a (mg/m3)
Surface Bottom Surface Bottom
BMS 1 High Tide 1.5 0.8 1.1 1.4
BMS 1 Low Tide 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.4
BMS 2 High Tide 0.7 1.2 0.7 0.8
BMS 2 Low Tide 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.2
BMS 3 High Tide 1.5 1.3 0.7 0.5
BMS 3 Low Tide 2.1 1.2 1.0 0.5
BMS 4 High Tide 1.1 0.8 0.4 0.2
BMS 4 Low Tide 1.2 0.7 0.8 0.4
BMS 5 High Tide 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.3
BMS 5 Low Tide 1.5 1.2 0.7 0.5
BMS 6 High Tide 2.2 1.8 0.9 0.5
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Station Tide Chlorophyll a (mg/m3) Phaeophytin a (mg/m3)
Surface Bottom Surface Bottom
BMS 6 Low Tide 1.3 1.1 0.5 0.4
BMS 7 High Tide 2.4 1.1 0.7 0.5
BMS 7 Low Tide 1.7 1.2 0.5 0.5
BMS 8 High Tide 1.5 1.3 0.2 0.4
BMS 8 Low Tide 1.2 1.3 0.4 0.7
BMS 9 High Tide 1.4 1.0 0.6 0.3
BMS 9 Low Tide 1.5 1.0 0.7 0.3
BMS 10 High Tide 1.8 1.5 0.6 0.4
BMS 10 Low Tide 1.0 0.5 0.3 0.2
Phytoplankton
A total of 33 species were recorded during this entire collection during December, 2017. Maximum cell count were
observed in BMS 10 during low tide whereas lowest were observed in BMS 4 during low tide.
Table 3-48: Cell count (No x 103/Lit) of phytoplankton
Station Tide Cell Count (No x 103/Lit) Total Genera (No.)
Surface Water Bottom Water Surface Water Bottom Water
BMS 1 High Tide 10 8 4 3
BMS 1 Low Tide 21 17 5 4
BMS 2 High Tide 19 19 6 5
BMS 2 Low Tide 21 17 5 7
BMS 3 High Tide 23 10 6 5
BMS 3 Low Tide 21 11 4 4
BMS 4 High Tide 12 10 4 6
BMS 4 Low Tide 16 5 5 7
BMS 5 High Tide 24 17 6 5
BMS 5 Low Tide 11 9 5 5
BMS 6 High Tide 22 14 5 6
BMS 6 Low Tide 19 11 4 5
BMS 7 High Tide 17 15 7 5
BMS 7 Low Tide 22 14 8 7
BMS 8 High Tide 18 20 3 4
BMS 8 Low Tide 21 25 6 3
BMS 9 High Tide 19 15 7 7
BMS 9 Low Tide 19 14 8 5
BMS 10 High Tide 21 17 6 5
BMS 10 Low Tide 25 21 5 6
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Table 3-49: Phytoplankton species abundance during December, 2017
Species BMS 1 BMS 2 BMS 3 BMS 4 BMS 5 BMS 6 BMS 7 BMS 8 BMS 9 BMS 10
Achnanthes sp. 10 16 0 10 14 15 14 20 14 16
Biddulphia biddulphiana 14 12 4 0 14 14 17 11 12 13
Biddulphia favus 12 18 8 12 0 21 12 12 10 16
Biddulphia artica 10 8 15 0 21 28 12 17 18 22
Biddulphia mobiliensis 13 11 4 15 0 24 10 20 12 12
Bacillaria paradoxa 12 0 0 11 0 25 2 0 0 4
Ceratium furca 16 0 0 12 0 20 0 0 8 15
Chaetoceros sp 13 8 0 0 0 12 14 17 14 15
Chaetoceros peruvianus 14 12 21 0 0 17 0 0 2 0
Chaetoceros pseudocrinitum 8 4 10 25 0 0 6 0 8 0
Coscinodiscus sp 0 12 0 12 14 0 23 0 6 13
Coscinodiscus radiatus 0 6 11 0 25 0 18 0 0 13
Coscinodiscus nitidus 14 14 0 0 15 0 8 4 16 54
Coscinodiscus gigas 4 24 0 17 17 0 7 7 23 12
Dinophysis miles 4 11 0 11 0 0 0 5 10 8
Ditylum brightwelli 10 5 14 10 14 25 14 12 4 6
Fragillaria sp 11 23 18 14 20 18 12 18 15 13
Leptocylindrus minimus 36 0 23 0 15 17 14 12 4 2
Lauderia annulata 42 13 10 0 0 18 11 13 0 22
Melosira boreri 8 17 14 20 0 15 12 22 0 12
Navicula longa 14 14 14 0 0 13 23 15 0 0
Nitzschia closterium 11 2 0 0 21 18 12 2 0 0
Nitzschia obtusa 14 14 18 0 27 17 15 12 16 0
Pleurosigma elongatum 8 0 19 21 0 18 10 22 12 0
Rhizosolenia robusta 12 7 6 12 0 0 0 2 17 12
Rhizosolenia shrubsolei 8 7 17 0 0 0 6 5 0 0
Rhizosolenia castracanei 17 11 9 0 19 0 0 4 15 0
Rhizosolenia elongata 18 0 0 14 13 22 10 0 8 0
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Rhizosolenia setigera 12 0 16 15 15 12 12 10 7 5
Trichodesmium erythareum 6 0 0 17 14 0 14 0 11 10
Thalassiothrix longissima 5 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 14 8
Thalassiothrix nitzsoides 8 0 0 25 0 14 21 0 8 7
Tintinnopsis sp 22 11 0 12 18 21 0 0 17 0
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Table 3-50: Zooplankton species abundance during December, 2017
Species BMS 1 BMS 2 BMS 3 BMS 4 BMS 5 BMS 6 BMS 7 BMS 8 BMS 9 BMS 10
Bivalve larvae 56 48 67 48 63 3 1 2 12 10
Brachyuran larvae 13 15 18 16 12 4 8 0 10 0
Calanus finmarchius 0 0 4 8 12 16 18 14 5 0
Canthocalanus sp 0 0 0 5 8 10 12 10 12 14
Copepod nauplius 23 42 28 46 52 12 21 18 14 0
Creseis larvae 21 14 16 18 12 4 0 0 10 0
Eucalanus spp. 12 16 8 9 10 14 21 0 0 17
Euchaeta sp 14 16 11 9 12 11 14 0 0 15
Foraminifera 0 3 9 2 3 12 5 6 6 0
Lucifer sp 4 6 8 12 4 4 0 0 8 0
Euterpina acutiforns 4 6 8 12 4 22 14 5 10 0
Favella sp. 5 0 2 14 4 8 10 5 14 0
Oithona spp. 12 13 3 14 16 14 16 13 11 0
Okiopleura sp 2 4 3 6 2 13 22 14 10 11
Paracalanus parvus 12 14 16 8 4 5 12 0 5 12
Parapontella bervicorins 2 8 4 0 2 12 14 16 8 17
Sagitta hispida 5 8 0 3 7 8 4 2 6 22
Sagitta sp 14 12 8 14 22 0 5 7 8 12
Tintinnopsis acuminata 10 14 12 14 20 0 5 8 10 10
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Zooplankton
A total of 19 species were recorded during this season. Maximum biomass were observed in BMS 2 during low tide
and minimum were found in BMS 4 during high tide.
Table 3-51: Standing Stock of Zooplankton
Station Tide Population (no.x103/100ml) Total Group (No.)
BMS 1 High Tide 3 5
BMS 1 Low Tide 2.2 4
BMS 2 High Tide 5.6 4
BMS 2 Low Tide 8.5 5
BMS 3 High Tide 4.2 4
BMS 3 Low Tide 4.1 5
BMS 4 High Tide 2.7 4
BMS 4 Low Tide 3.2 5
BMS 5 High Tide 3 3
BMS 5 Low Tide 2.8 4
BMS 6 High Tide 2.5 4
BMS 6 Low Tide 4 2
BMS 7 High Tide 7 5
BMS 7 Low Tide 4.2 3
BMS 8 High Tide 4.2 4
BMS 8 Low Tide 4.8 4
BMS 9 High Tide 2.7 4
BMS 9 Low Tide 2.5 5
BMS 10 High Tide 2.7 4
BMS 10 Low Tide 3.5 3
Benthos
Population density in all the stations varied from 70 to 315/m2. In Intertidal, the density of benthic organisms
varied between 55 and 155 organism/m2.
Table 3-52: Standing Stock of sub tidal Macro benthos
Station Biomass (gm/m2) Population (no./m2)
Total Group (No.)
Major Groups
BMS 1 1.5 - 2.5
(2)
100 - 275
(125) 3 Polychaetes, Cumecians, Isopods
BMS 2 1.7 - 2.5
(1.9)
115 - 315
(210) 2
Polychaetes, Bivalves, Amphipods
BMS 3 1.2 - 2.4
(1.7)
215 - 250
(220) 3 Crabs, Gastropods
BMS 4 1.5 - 2.2
(1.9)
70 - 145
(91) 4 Polychaetes, Tanaidaceans, Crabs
BMS 5 1.8 - 2.8
(2)
120 - 175
(115) 6
Gastropods, Polychaetes, Isopods, Tanaidaceans
BMS 6 1.9 - 2.9
(2.2)
125 - 275
(155) 5 Bivalves, crabs, amphipods
BMS 7 1.5 - 3.5
(2.5)
125 - 250
(175) 4 Bivalves, Polychaetes, Tanaidaceans
BMS 8 3 - 3.5 155 - 255 4 Gastropods, Bivalve, Polychaetes
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Station Biomass (gm/m2) Population (no./m2)
Total Group (No.)
Major Groups
(2.2) (215)
BMS 9 2.8 - 3.5
(3)
145 - 245
(175) 3 Gastropods, Polychaetes, Isopods
BMS 10 2.5 - 3.8
(2.8)
150 - 185
(155) 5
Gastropods, Bivalve, Polychaetes Isopods
Table 3-53: Standing Stock of inter tidal Macro benthos
Station Biomass (gm/m2)
Population (no./m2)
Total Group (No.) Major Groups
BMI 1 4.5 - 6.5
(3.3) 55 - 140 (110) 3 Crabs, Gastropods
BMI 2 2.7 - 4.2
(3.8)
75 - 102
(85) 5
Gastropods, Polychaetes, Amphipods, Crabs
BMI 3 3.5 - 4.5
(2.8) 85 - 115 (100) 4 Crabs, Polychaetes, Bivalves
BMI 4 2.5 - 4
(2.9) 125 - 155 (130) 3 Gastropods, Polychaetes
Mangrove Environment
Site visit was included by boat through of the site during high tide. Total 5 sites have been observed where entire
stretches were covered by mangroves. Mangrove population represents in sparse to dense.
Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. both were present but Avicennia sp. were dominant in this area. Both mature and
regeneration phase of mangroves has been observed near creek and intertidal belt. Only one dominant species
(Avicennia sp.) in regeneration phase has been observed. Mature trees were more near junction of creek.
Important mangrove vegetation attributes like stand density, Girth at Breast Height (GBH), Canopy cover were
studied. In general, mangrove stand at Kandla creek is structurally better and dense. Average mature tree density
>1800 trees/ha (approx.) was recorded. Tree height showed perceptible variation and ranged from 1.2 m to 4.5 m
with an overall average mature tree height of 1.8 m. In general mangrove formations at Kandla had the best
structural attributes as the mature forest with higher vegetation structure.
Mangroves
Vegetation studies were carried out in and around (7 km) the proposed developmental site in order to glean the
vegetation structure and present status of site mangroves. Figure 3-5 shows the sampling locations (M1 - M5) in
the 7 km. radius of project site in Kandla region. Sampling was carried out during December, 2017. The proceeding
sections present the results of the mangrove vegetation study.
Table 3-54 and Table 3-55 shows the overall structural characters of the mangroves in studied stands such as
density, height, GBH, canopy index (CI) and the ratio of the regeneration, recruitment and mature tree classes.
Tree Density
An overall average mature tree density of 3080 trees/ha was recorded in proposed 7 km peripheral of proposed
site. Maximum density was recorded 3900 trees/ha whereas minimum density was recorded 2500 trees/ha.
Tree Height
Mangroves height ranged from 1.2 meter to 4.5 meter among all stations with an overall average height of 2.34
meter (Table 3-54). Trees were considerably taller opposite to Kandla jetty.
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Tree Girth (Girth at Breast Height-GBH)
Station-wise, minimum GBH recorded was 5 cm and maximum average was 27 cm with an overall stand average of
12.6 cm. (Table 3-54).
Canopy index
Minimum and maximum canopy index values at Kandla creek mangrove stand varied from 2.5 to 18 meter with an
overall average of 9.56. Detailed canopy list is explained in Table 3-54.
Regeneration class
Average mature tree density was recorded 3080/ha. Highest regeneration density was recorded 4700 plants/ha
which indicates moderate regeneration potential. Mature tree and regeneration class at this stand showing
minimum entrance of regeneration class into mature tree class.
Recruitment class
Average density of recruitment class was recorded 1450 plants/ha. Lower recruitment density is apparently due to
higher mature tree density. Please refer Table 3-55.
Table 3-54: Mangrove vegetation characteristics in study area
S. No GPS Co-Ordinate Height-m GBH-cm Canopy Cover -m
Min Max Avg Min Max Avg Min Max Avg
1 23°4'21.51"N; 70°13'1.31"E 1.2 3.5 1.6 8 19 14 2.5 5 3.8
2 23°3'11.32"N; 70°13'35.57"E 1.7 2.8 2.1 5 15 11 6 18 12
3 23°2'37.00"N; 70°13'43.12"E 2 3 2.7 7 18 13 5 14 9
4 23°1'12.97"N; 70°14'2.46"E 1.5 4.2 2.1 7 23 10 4.5 17 12
5 23°0'10.05"N; 70°14'2.01"E 1.8 4.5 3.2 10 27 15 4.5 16 11
Table 3-55: Regeneration and Recruitment Density and their ratio with mature trees in study area
S. No. Co-Ordinates Mature Tree Density
- No/ha (1)
Recruitment Density-
No/ha- (2)
Regeneration Density-
No/ha- (3)
1 23°4'21.51"N; 70°13'1.31"E 2500 1850 3700
2 23°3'11.32"N; 70°13'35.57"E 3900 1500 1700
3 23°2'37.00"N; 70°13'43.12"E 2500 1200 1500
4 23°1'12.97"N; 70°14'2.46"E 3500 1500 4700
5 23°0'10.05"N; 70°14'2.01"E 3000 1200 2500
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4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION
MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
In this chapter, we:
Identify project activities that could beneficially or adversely impact the environment
Predict and assess the environmental impacts of such activities
Examine each environmental aspect-impact relationship in detail and identify its degree of significance.
Identify possible mitigation measures for these project activities and select the most appropriate mitigation
measure, based on the reduction in significance achieved and practicality in implementation.
4.2 Impact Assessment Methodology
4.2.1 Key Definitions
Environmental Aspects
These are elements of an organization’s activities or products or services that can interact with the environment.
Environmental aspects could include activities that occur during normal and emergency operations.
Environmental aspects selected for further study should large enough for meaningful examination and small enough
to be easily understood.
Environmental Impacts
Environmental impacts are defined as any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or
partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects.
Environmental Components
The environment includes surroundings in which an organization operates such as air, water, land, natural
resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation.
The environmental components (or parts of the receiving environment on which impacts are being assessed)
include: Land use/land cover, air quality, noise quality, surface water environment, ground water environment, soil,
ecology and bio diversity, socio economics, occupational health, community health and safety.
After the identification of impacting activities, impacts require to be assessed based on subjective / objective criteria
to assess the impacting activities. This is done in the following steps.
4.2.2 Identification of Impacts
This entails employing a simple checklist method requiring:
Listing of environmental aspects (i.e. activities or parts thereof that can cause environmental impacts)
Identifying applicable components of the environment on which the environmental aspects can cause an
environmental impact
Making notes of the reason / possible inter-relationships that lead to environmental impact creation
Listing the environmental components likely to receive impacts, along with the key impacting activities on each
component
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4.2.3 Component Wise Environmental Impact Assessment and Mitigation
A component wise approach to environmental impact assessment and mitigation is now applied. For each
environmental component this is carried through a series of steps as follows.
Step 1: Review and Assessment of the Specific Aspects Generating Environmental Impacts
Several scientific techniques and methodologies are also used to predict impacts on the environment. Mathematical
models are useful tools (where applicable) to quantitatively describe the cause and effect relationships between
sources of pollution and different components of environment. In cases where it is not possible to identify and
validate a model for a particular situation, predictions have been arrived at based on logical reasoning /
consultation / extrapolation or overlay methods. In any case, for each component of the environment, the methods
used to arrive at the likely impacts require to be described.
Step 2: Quantifying the Environmental impacts, Identifying Aspects Causing Significant Impacts and
Prioritizing Aspects Requiring Mitigation Measures except Land Use Land Cover Component
Once a general understanding of the impacts has been studied and understood, efforts are made to compare
different impacts so as to prioritize mitigation measures, focusing on those impacting activities (i.e. aspects) that
require urgent mitigation. For ease of comparison across different activities, a summary environmental impact
significance is calculated. Two key elements are taken into consideration based on standard environmental impact
assessment methodologies:
Severity: the resultant effect of an activity and its interaction with the physical, biological and/or socio-economic
environments
Likelihood of Occurrence: the likelihood that an impact may occur due to the project activity/aspect
A combination of severity with likelihood gives a reasonable measure of environmental impact significance, which
aids in decision making. It must always be kept in mind that any scoring methodology howsoever well-defined is
subjective and different persons can arrive at different impact significance based on their understanding / opinion.
Therefore end results should be evaluated against past experience, professional judgment as well as project and
activity specific conditions to ensure adequacy and equity. The steps in identifying environmental significance
follow.
Step 2: Quantifying the Environmental impacts, Identifying Aspects Causing Significant Impacts and
Prioritizing Aspects Requiring Mitigation Measures for Land Use Land cover Component
Impact Assessment is generally done considering two factors: Likelihood of Occurrence and Severity. In the
functional area of Land Use / Land Cover, it is observed that the likelihood of occurrence of impacts on Land Use /
Land Cover is not a variable; the impact either happens or does not happen. Since we will only consider the impacts
which are likely to occur, the conventional methodology will rank the likelihood at highest, in our case 5, on a scale
of 1 to 5. This fact artificially increases the significance Number (Likelihood X Severity) of all impacts on Land Use /
Land Cover. It has therefore been decided to dispense with the ranking on the basis of likelihood of occurrence and
rank only severity of impacts in such a way that the significance number can span the full range, i.e. 1 to 25, as in
the case of conventional assessment.
Severity Analysis
The severity of impacts on various environmental components has been categorised into 5 categories ranging from
insignificant to extreme as given in Table 4-1.
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Table 4-1: Overall Impact Scoring System due to proposed project – Severity Assessment
S. No.
Environmental Component Impacted
Impact and Score2
Insignificant
(+/-) 1 point
Minor
(+/-) 2 points
Moderate
(+/-) 3 points
Major
(+/-) 4 points
Extreme
(+/-) 5 points
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
1
Land Use / Land Cover
Duration
Very short term
(upto 1 year)
Short term
(>1 - 3 years) Medium term (>3 - 5 years)
Long term
(> 5-10 years) Very long term (>10 years)
Extent (Area Affected)
Very Limited (Within core zone)
Limited
(<1 km around core zone)
Medium Range
(>1 – 3.0 km around core zone)
Long Range
(>3 – 7 kms around core zone)
Extensive (>7.0 kms around core zone)
Change in land Use/Cover (conversion to Industrial/ Residential from)
Non-agricultural land, Land without Scrub, Industrial area with scrub land/ Reversible
Scrub Land/ Change in Topography
Water Body Agricultural land, Open and Close vegetation/ Change in
Drainage pattern Forest Area/ Irreversible
Topography
Low (Fat) up to 5 m - Medium (Undulating) up to 10
m - High (Hilly) More than 10 m
Reversible/ Irreversible
Reversible - - - Irreversible
Air Quality
Temporary nuisance due to controlled / uncontrolled release of air emissions,
odour / dust or greenhouse gases
Minor environmental impact due to controlled /
uncontrolled release of air emissions, odour / dust or greenhouse gases with no lasting detrimental effects
Moderate environmental impact due to controlled / uncontrolled release of air emissions, odour / dust or
greenhouse gases leading to visual impacts, at significant
nuisance levels
Significant environmental impact due to release of air emissions, odour / dust or
greenhouse gases leading to exceedance of limits specified
in EP Rules’
Unacceptable environmental impact due to release of air
emissions, odour / dust leading to possibility of
chronic / acute health issues, injuries or fatalities
3
Ambient Noise - give the mean score from the
three categories,
Background Noise Levels, with respect to Applicable Limits as per The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000, as Measured at Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit
<10% or more Between <10 to <5% Between <5% or the limit Upto 5% above the limit >5% above the limit
Incremental Noise Levels, as Predicted at Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit
2 In case none of the impacts are applicable, then Not Applicable (NA) is written in the appropriate cell.
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S. No.
Environmental Component Impacted
Impact and Score2
Insignificant
(+/-) 1 point
Minor
(+/-) 2 points
Moderate
(+/-) 3 points
Major
(+/-) 4 points
Extreme
(+/-) 5 points
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
rounded to the nearest decimal
1 dB(A) or less 1 dB(A) – 2 dB(A) 2 dB(A) – 3 dB(A) 3 dB(A) – 4 dB(A) 4 dB(A) or more
Incremental Noise Levels, as Predicted at Boundary of Nearest Human Settlement / Sensitive Receptor from Boundary of Relevant Noise Generating Unit
0.5 dB(A) or less 0.5 dB(A) – 1 dB(A) 1 dB(A) – 1.5 dB(A) 1.5 dB(A) – 2 dB(A) 2 dB(A) or more
4
Surface Water - give the mean score from the
three categories, rounded to the nearest decimal
Water Consumption (KL/D)
<25000 <25000 <25000 <25000 <25000
Water Consumption, Duration
< 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 5 years 5 – 10 years 10 years or more
Wastewater Disposal with Discharge Quality
No wastewater generation Discharge for onland irrigation
within limits specified by CPCB/IS standards
Other discharge within limits specified by the CPCB/IS
standards
Discharge into Septic tank and Soak pit.
Other discharge outside limits specified by CPCB/IS
standards
5
Ground Water - give the mean score from the
three categories, rounded to the nearest decimal
Location of Drawl, as per CGWA / CGWB Regulations
Safe Semi-critical Critical Over-exploited Notified
Water Drawl (KL/D)
< 50 51 – 100 101 - 250 250 – 500 501 and more
Water Drawl, Duration
< 1 year 1 – 3 years 3 – 5 years 5 – 10 years 10 years or more
Wastewater Discharge Quality
No wastewater generation Zero Discharge Discharge to an authorized,
functional CETP Other discharge within limits
specified by the EP Rules Other discharge, outside limits
specified by the EP Rules
6 Soil Quality
Loss of upto 20% topsoil, or minor contamination of soil that can be easily restored
close to original condition for volume <10 m3
Loss of upto 40% topsoil, or actual or possible
contamination of soil volume <25 m3 but below Dutch
Intervention Values
Loss of upto 60% topsoil, or actual or possible
contamination of soil volume <25 m3 but above Dutch
Intervention Values
Loss of upto 80% topsoil, or actual or possible
contamination of soil volume >25 m3 and above Dutch
Intervention Values, but not deemed to require urgent
remediation
Loss of upto 100% topsoil, or actual or possible
contamination of soil volume >25 m3 and above Dutch Intervention Values3, and deemed to require urgent
remediation
3 Source: Ministry of Housing Spatial Planning and the Environment, Netherlands; Soil Remediation Circular 2009, Annex A.
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S. No.
Environmental Component Impacted
Impact and Score2
Insignificant
(+/-) 1 point
Minor
(+/-) 2 points
Moderate
(+/-) 3 points
Major
(+/-) 4 points
Extreme
(+/-) 5 points
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
7
Flora /
Fauna
Habitat / Ecosystem
Site specific loss (removal) of common floral species (but
not any tree or trees).
Vegetation composition does not form a habitat character
for any species of conservation significance. No
short term or long term impacts are likely to adversely
affect the habitat / ecosystem.
Site specific disturbance to common / generalist faunal
species (e.g. movement pattern, temporary displacement etc.).
No negative impacts on ecosystem functioning or
habitat ecology.
Site specific loss (removal) of some saplings of trees.
Minor temporary impacts on ecosystem functioning or
habitat ecology of common / generalist species.
Minor short term / long term impacts on surrounding /
immediate / adjacent habitats and are resilient to changes in habitat structure or condition.
Site specific loss (removal) of some common well grown
tree / trees species.
Site specific loss of nesting / breeding habitat of common /
generalist species of flora-fauna but will not result in permanent loss of habitat.
Short term or long term impacts are likely to adversely affect the habitat character or
functioning of ecosystem.
Impact on surrounding agro-ecosystem / agriculture
Site specific impact on threatened species but
impacted species is widely distributed outside the project site. Short term impacts may lead to loss of abundance or extent, but unlikely to cause local population extinction.
Site specific habitat loss of fauna listed in IUCN, WCMC, Birdlife International, or any
other international literature - secondary information.
Impacts on habitats / ecosystems of international
importance.
Impact on threatened species listed in as a
endemic/Schedule-I as per IWPA 1972, BSI, Red Data Book, ZSI, BSI or literature
published by any State Govt. Institute, University and
Collage etc.
Loss of habitat of above said flora-fauna.
Impact on genetic diversity
Impact on threatened / endemic / Schedule-I fauna.
Impact on endemic fauna, species listed in ZSI or
literature published by any State Govt. Institute,
University and Collage etc.
The project activity within 10km of NP/WS/RF/PF and other eco-sensitive area).
Impact on NP /PF /WLS /ESZ /IBA / tiger reserve / elephant
corridor / corridor
Impact on ecosystem like river, forest etc.
8.1
Socio-economic Environment:
Social Aspects - give the mean score from the
categories, rounded to the nearest decimal
Possible Temporary or Permanent Migration, Persons as a % of Population of Study Area
<0.5% <1% <1.5% <2% 2.5%
Possible Change in Ethnicity, vis-à-vis Major Existing Ethnicities Present in Study Area
Not Likely Possible Limited Significant Severe
Gender Imbalance, as a Proportion to Existing Sex-Ratio
Not Likely Possible Limited Significant Severe
Possibility of Return to Original Status in Terms of Any or All of the Above Changes
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S. No.
Environmental Component Impacted
Impact and Score2
Insignificant
(+/-) 1 point
Minor
(+/-) 2 points
Moderate
(+/-) 3 points
Major
(+/-) 4 points
Extreme
(+/-) 5 points
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7
<1 year <2 years <3 years <5 years Permanent Change
8.2
Socio-economic Environment:
Economic Aspects - give the mean score from the
categories, rounded to the nearest decimal
No of Jobs Gained or Lost
<50 Up to 75 Up to 100 Up to 250 Up to 500 or more
Persons Having Loss or Gain in Income
<50 100 250 500 1000 or more
Land Losers
<10 <20 <50 <100 >100
Losers of Homesteads
<5 <10 <25 <50 >50
8.3 Socio-economic Aspects: Cultural
Minor repairable damage to commonplace structures
Minor repairable damage to structures / items of cultural
significance, or minor infringements of cultural
values
Moderate damage to structures/ items of cultural significance, or significant,
infringement of cultural values/ sacred location
Major damage to structures / items of cultural significance,
or major infringement of cultural values / sacred
locations
Irreparable damage to highly valued structures / items /
locations of cultural significance or sacred value
9.1
Occupational / Community Health and
Safety: Community
Health and Safety
Insignificant impact on surrounding communities
Minor complaints or exposure to community. Maximum occurrence limited to two
times per year
Ongoing complaints from community. Significant
emission or discharge that impacts on surrounding
population
Major ongoing long term health effects likely to
surrounding communities and workers
Extreme health risk- potential for death in community
9.2
Occupational / Community Health and
Safety: Occupational
Health and Safety
Near miss incident or trivial injuries, which may require self-administered first aid.
Injured personnel can continue to perform normal
duties
Injuries requiring onsite treatment by medical
practitioner. Personnel unable to continue to perform duties
Serious injuries requiring off site treatment by medical practitioner or immediate evacuation to hospital. Potential long term or
permanent disabling effect
Single Fatality Multiple Fatality
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Quantifying the Likelihood of Occurrence of the Impact
After identifying the severity as shown in Table 4-1 the likelihood of occurrence also needs to be estimated to
arrive at a complete picture of environmental impact significance. Table 4-2 provides probability / likelihood
ratings on a scale of 1-5. These ratings are used for estimating the likelihood of each occurrence.
Table 4-2: Likelihood of Occurrence
Description Environment/Health and Safety Probability
Frequent Continuous occurrence or each day during the project life cycle 5
Regular Occurs several times each year during the project life cycle 4
Periodic Might occur annually during the project life cycle 3
Occasional Might happen few times during the project life cycle 2
Rare One time or one-off event during the project life cycle 1
Quantifying Environmental Impact significance except for Land use land Cover Component
The level of environmental impact significance is calculated by multiplying the consequence score and the
probability of occurrence together. Thus,
Significance of Impact = Severity Score × Likelihood of Occurrence
The final score is in relative point score, rather than actual impact. The impact estimation is carried out assuming
operations of LPG terminal facility with standard safety measures.
Quantifying Environmental Impact Significance for Land Use Land Cover Component
The Significance of Environmental Impact is calculated by adding the severity score of all five components. Thus,
Significance of Impact = Addition of all five severity scores
Table 4-3 below assigns significance criteria, based on the scale of 1-25, used for prioritizing mitigation measures
for reducing the environmental impact significance and thereafter, formulating and implementing Environmental
Management Plans (EMPs).
To do this, environmental impact significance levels are first scored and identified as mentioned earlier and then
evaluated on the evaluation scale that follows in Table 4-3.
Table 4-3: Environmental Impact Significance Criteria
Probability Impact Significance
Insignificant (1) Minor (2) Moderate (3) Major (4) Catastrophic (5)
Rare (1) 1 2 3 4 5
Possible (2) 2 4 6 8 10
Likely (3) 3 6 9 12 15
Often (4) 4 8 12 16 20
Certain (5) 5 10 15 20 25
Categorising Environmental Impact Significance
Environmental impacts are now categorised into five categories from extreme significance to low significance.
Activities resulting into extremely significant impacts are unacceptable and therefore need to be either stopped or
modified such that they are brought to a lower level of environmental impact significance.
Activities resulting into High and moderately severe impacts, although acceptable, require being evaluated and
mitigated in a manner that significance of their impacts is lowered. Activities resulting into Low severe significant
impacts do not require further mitigation. This is summarized in Table 4-4.
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Table 4-4: Categorization of Impact Significance
Scoring Negative Impacts (-) Scoring Positive Impacts (+)
Colour Code and Score Range
Type of Risk Inference Colour Code and
Score Range Inference
21 - 25 Extremely Significant Activity should not proceed in current
form 21 - 25
Activity has Extensive Positive Benefits
15 - 20 Highly Significant
Activity should be modified to include
remedial planning and actions and be subject to detailed ecological
assessment
15 - 20 Activity has Major
Benefits
9 - 14 Moderately Significant
Activity can operate subject to
management and / or modification
9 - 14 Activity has Moderate
Benefits
4 - 8 Less Significant No action required unless escalation of
risk is possible 4 - 8
Activity has Minor Benefits
1 - 3 Minor / Negligible Negligible Risk of
activity 1 - 3
Activity has mildly positive impacts
Mitigation Measures
Mitigation measures require being formulated and implemented for all ‘Highly Significant’ and ‘Moderately
Significant’ impact activities. Programmes to implement all mitigation measures are then prepared and presented as
an Environmental Management Programme.
4.3 Identification of Impacting Activities for the Proposed Project
As discussed earlier, environmental impacts have been identified based on an assessment of environmental aspects
associated with the project. The symbol ‘●’ indicates a negative impact and ‘o’ indicates a beneficial (positive)
impact.
The environmental impacts on the terrestrial environment has been covered in this report. However the
environmental impacts due to the proposed projects on the marine environment is covered in the marine EIA
report. Identified environmental impacts have been listed in Table 4-5.
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Table 4-5: Environmental Impact
S.
No.
Project Activities
Impact
(Type: O, N, A, E;
Duration: T, L)
Potential Environmental Impacts
Remarks LU/LC AQ NV W GW S EB SE RH SHW
OH/ CH&S
A Pre-Construction Phase
1 Preparation of Site
1.1 Dismantling of
existing structure (O, L) ● ● ● ● ●
AQ: Dust emission due to vehicular movement; NV: Noise generation; S: Soil erosion; RH: Accidents;
SHW: Generation of Solid waste
1.2 Removal of vegetation
(O&N) ● ● ● ● ● ● ●
LU: Change in land cover
AQ: Dust emission due to clearance and movement of
vehicles for existing vegetation clearance; NV:
Noise due to vehicle movement; S:Soil loss due to erosion; EB: Removal of shrubs, herbs and grasses; OH/CH&S: Injury to workers
B Construction Phase
1.3
Vehicle movement for transportation of materials and
equipment
(O&N,T) ● ● ●
AQ: Generation of dust; NV: Noise due to vehicular
movement; SE: Wear and tear of roads and risk of accident due to vehicle
movement
1.4 Levelling /Filling of the earth material
(O, L) ● AQ: Dust generation due to leveling and filling of earth
material
1 Installation of Bitumen Storage Tanks and related activities
1.5 Excavation work (O&N,T) ● ● o ● AQ: Generation of dust; NV:
Noise and vibration due excavation operations; SE:
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S.
No.
Project Activities
Impact
(Type: O, N, A, E;
Duration: T, L)
Potential Environmental Impacts
Remarks LU/LC AQ NV W GW S EB SE RH SHW
OH/ CH&S
Temporary skilled labors will be employed.
1.6 Civil Construction
work (O&N,T) ● ● ● o ●
LU: Change in Land use / Land cover;AQ: Generation
of dust; NV: Noise and vibration during foundation; SE: Temporary labors will be
employed.
1.7
Heavy fabrication work including
metal cutting, Gas cutting, welding
for tank, pipeline, other steel structure
(O&N,T) ● ● o ● ●
AQ: Generation of dust; NV: Noise and vibration during fabrication; SE: Temporary job creation; SHW: Solid waste generation from
fabrication work & metal waste; OHS: Due to hot
work
1.8
Installation of all instruments like Thermic Fluid
Heater, Pumps, etc.
(O&N,T) ● o NV: Noise and vibration during construction; SE: Temporary job creation
1.9
Installation of Tank, Pipeline, Truck loading platform, etc.
(O&N,T) ● NV: Noise and vibration
during construction;
2.0 Painting &
Insulation of Tanks (O&N,T) ● o ●
AQ: emission of VOCs due to painting; SE: Temporary
job creation; SHW: Generation of paint
containers
2.1 Hydro-testing (O&N,T) ● W: Waste water generated
during hydro testing is stored in fire water reservoir
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S.
No.
Project Activities
Impact
(Type: O, N, A, E;
Duration: T, L)
Potential Environmental Impacts
Remarks LU/LC AQ NV W GW S EB SE RH SHW
OH/ CH&S
2.2 Final cleaning of
site (O&N,T) ● o ●
AQ: Generation of dust; SE: Employment generation and hence forth gain in income.
2.3
Laying of insulated pipelines from
Jetty to Terminal and Internal
Pipeline from Tank to Truck Loading
Platform
(O&N,T) ● ● o
AQ: Generation of dust; NV: Noise and vibration during
laying pipeline; SE: Employment generation and hence forth gain in income.
C Operational Phase
2.4
Unloading and Loading of
products to/from ship
(N,L) ● ● ● AQ: Fugitive emission NV: Due to increase in traffic;
RH: Due to Leakage
2.5
Unloading and Loading of
products to/from ship
(A,L) ● ●
W: Due to spillage of Bitumen; EB: Adverse impact on marine bio-
diversity
2.6
Loading of products from
Storage tanks to Road tankers
(N,L) ● ● o ●
AQ: Possibility of leak or spillage of chemicals/ materials; S: Due to
leakage; SE: Employment will be generated; RH: Due
to leakage
2.7 Pumping / transfer
of products through pipelines
(N,L) ● ● ● AQ, S, & RH: Due to leakage
2.8 Pumping / transfer
of products through pipelines
(A,L) ● ●
W: Due to spillage of Bitumen; EB: Adverse impact on marine bio-
diversity
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S.
No.
Project Activities
Impact
(Type: O, N, A, E;
Duration: T, L)
Potential Environmental Impacts
Remarks LU/LC AQ NV W GW S EB SE RH SHW
OH/ CH&S
2.9
Importing of local coal for thermic fluid (TF) heater
operation
(N,T) ● ● AQ: Due to generation of
Coal Ash; EB: Deposition of Dust on plants
3.0
Cleaning and removing of Coal
Ash from TF heater
(N,L) ●
3.1 Pipeline cleaning (i.e. Pigging of
pipeline) (A,T) ● ● ●
AQ: While depressurizing the pipeline; NV: While
depressurizing the pipeline; SHW: Solid & hazardous
waste generation
3.2
Leakage or spillage of Bitumen (at
hose connection & loading arm and
sampling
(A,T) ● ● ● ●
AQ: Due to fugitive emission; W, S & EB:
Leakage and spillage of chemicals.
3.3 Storage of products (Bitumen)
(A,T) ● o ●
AQ: Fugitive Emission from storage tanks; SE:
Generation of employment; RH: Due to Fire
3.4
Start up and shut down of activities like operation of Thermic Fluid
Heater, D.G. set
(A, N, T) ● ● ● ●
AQ: Due to Fugitive emission; NV: Due to start
up and shut down; RH: Due to Fire ; OH/CH&S: Injuries
to Workers
Impact Type: O – One Time; N – Normal; A – Abnormal; E – Emergency; Impact Duration: T – Temporary, L – Long-Term/Permanent
LU/LC: Land us e/ Land cover; AQ: Air Quality; NV: Noise and Vibration; W: Water; GW: Ground Water; S: Soil; EB: Ecology & Bio-diversity: SE: Socio-Economic; RH: Risk & Hazard; SHW: Solid & Hazardous waste generation; OH/CH&S: Occupational Health, Community Health & Safety
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Based on this above identification of impacts, environmental components that are likely to be impacted due to the
project are:
Terrestrial Environment:
Land use/Land cover: Civil construction work
Air quality: Dismantling of existing structure, removal of vegetation, vehicular movement, levelling/filling of
earth material, excavation work, civil construction work, etc.
Noise & Vibration: Dismantling of existing structure, removal of vegetation, vehicular movement, installation of
pipeline, heart, D.G. set, etc.
Soil: Dismantling of existing structure, removal of vegetation, loading of product from storage tank to road
tanker, Leakage/spillage of Bitumen
Socio – Economic: Employment generation
Occupational health, Community Health and Safety: Possibility of accidents, Injuries to workers
Marine Environment:
Water: Hydro-testing, Unloading/Loading of products to/from ship, pumping of products through pipelines,
leakage/spillage of Bitumen
Sediment: Leakage/spillage of Bitumen, loading/unloading of products to/from ship by pipeline
Flora Fauna: Leakage/spillage of Bitumen
4.4 Terrestrial Environment
4.4.1 Land Use and Land Cover
Removal of vegetation
This will lead to change in land cover from scrub land to land without scrub.
Civil construction work
This will lead to change in land use from unused scrub land to built up land.
Impact scores on land use land cover are mentioned in Table 4-6.
Table 4-6: Impact Scoring - Land Use Land Cover
Code Impacting Activity Impact Score Remarks
C1 C2 C3 C4
1 Removal of vegetation -10 Land is given on lease by Kandla Port Trust
2 Civil construction work -12
4.4.2 Air Pollution and Air Quality
Construction Phase
A number of sources in construction phase that cause potential impacts on air quality, which include:
Dust particularly due to the excavation, construction of bund facility resulting in air pollution.
Dust and other exhaust atmospheric emissions generated by painting and other activities during renovation of
the barge.
Particulate emission due to machinery and instrument operation for cleaning and construction works.
Fumes and gases near the work area due to welding activities.
Emission due to excavation, cutting, heating, welding.
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Dust emission due to removal of scrap materials, remaining and waste construction materials, construction
machinery, dismantling and removal of temporary structures, site cleaning and disposal of these materials.
For the purpose of impact predictions on air environment, emission sources can be classified into point source.
Whilst no area sources have been identified as part of the project programme, point sources have been identified
and these include diesel engines / generator sets at project site.
Source of Emissions
Point source emissions from 1 flue gas stack (DG Sets) is envisaged from the project. Details of the stack is
provided in Table 4-7. It is estimated that DG sets will operate for ~4 hours a day. The emission rate for these
stack is provided in Table 4-8.
Assumptions
The dispersion modelling assumptions considered are as follows:
The emission rate for SO2 was calculated based on sulphur content in the fuel
The emission rate of NOx was calculated based on EPA rule no. 95; NOx emission limits was considered as,
<4.7g/Kw-hr for DG of 50 KVA capacity.
Stability class was evaluated based on solar insulation and cloud cover.
The mathematical equations used for the dispersion modelling assumes that the earth surface acts as a perfect
reflector of plume and physic-chemical processes such as dry and wet deposition and chemical transformation
of pollutants are negligible.
The stack emission concentrations used for dispersion modelling were taken as per CPCB guidelines issued for
conducting air quality modelling. The site meteorological data collected for monitoring period were used for
dispersion modelling.
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Table 4-7: Stack Details
Sr. No. Stack Attached to Capacity Stack Nos.
Stack Diameter in mm
Stack Height in m
Type of Fuel used
Fuel consumption Location
1 D.G. Set 600 KVA 1 200 5.5 HSD 101 Lit/hr At Site
2 D.G. Set 60 KVA 1 100 5.5 HSD 14 Lit/hr At Site
3 Thermic Fluid
Heater 2 m Kcal/hr 1 700 30.5 Coal 479 Kg/hr At Site
Table 4-8: Stack Emission Estimation Details
Stack No.
Stack Attached
to Capacity
Stack Height
(m)
Stack Diameter(m)
Stack Gas Exit
Velocity, (m/s)
Stack Gas Exit Temp,
oK
Type of Fuel Used
Fuel Consumption
(Kg/Hr)
SO2
Emitted, (gm/sec)
PM Emitted, (gm/sec)
NOx Emitted, (gm/sec)
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12
1 D. G. Set 600 KVA 5.5 0.2 10 423 HSD 0.86 0.0001 0.00 0.0206
2 D. G. Set 60 KVA 5.5 0.1 10 423 HSD 0.86 0.0001 0.00 0.0051
3 Thermic
Fluid Heater 2 m Kcal/hr 30.5 0.7 10 388 Coal 479 0.13 0.29 0.2749
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Air Quality Modelling
Air Quality Modelling for Stationary Source
The results of incremental GLCs for the above mentioned emission from the stack is provided for monitoring period.
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Table 4-9: Incremental GLC of PM10 for monitoring period
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 7000
10 0.04977 0.03392 0.01813 0.0072 0.00452 0.00338 0.00232 0.0018 0.00148 0.0011
20 0.04795 0.03306 0.018 0.00708 0.0042 0.00298 0.00192 0.00144 0.00117 0.00085
30 0.0465 0.03244 0.01808 0.00774 0.00522 0.00396 0.00253 0.00181 0.00139 0.00095
40 0.04529 0.03186 0.01812 0.00755 0.0046 0.00335 0.00227 0.00176 0.00144 0.00105
50 0.0443 0.03125 0.01796 0.00762 0.00465 0.00336 0.00228 0.00189 0.00175 0.00163
60 0.04361 0.03073 0.01766 0.00748 0.00455 0.00327 0.00215 0.00165 0.00136 0.001
70 0.04336 0.0305 0.01749 0.00737 0.0047 0.00382 0.00335 0.00311 0.00291 0.00255
80 0.04371 0.03083 0.01779 0.00759 0.0047 0.00342 0.00226 0.00172 0.00139 0.001
90 0.04489 0.03208 0.0194 0.00993 0.00714 0.00568 0.00407 0.00321 0.00266 0.002
100 0.04724 0.03512 0.02312 0.01221 0.00807 0.00588 0.00383 0.00306 0.00272 0.00232
110 0.05128 0.03979 0.02533 0.01183 0.00732 0.00513 0.00312 0.00227 0.00183 0.00136
120 0.05693 0.04425 0.02809 0.0129 0.00785 0.00561 0.00366 0.00282 0.0024 0.00205
130 0.06351 0.05027 0.03394 0.01677 0.01097 0.00821 0.00608 0.0052 0.00455 0.00372
140 0.07157 0.06023 0.04383 0.02354 0.01424 0.00986 0.00654 0.00563 0.00517 0.00452
150 0.0826 0.07496 0.06 0.02892 0.01586 0.01038 0.00623 0.00464 0.00382 0.00292
160 0.09741 0.09596 0.08027 0.03271 0.01692 0.01178 0.00821 0.00687 0.00601 0.00477
170 0.11579 0.12501 0.10376 0.03384 0.0199 0.01404 0.00811 0.00585 0.00493 0.00403
180 0.13659 0.16124 0.12483 0.04065 0.02349 0.01771 0.01198 0.00918 0.00765 0.00583
190 0.15651 0.19935 0.14115 0.0655 0.04404 0.03245 0.01984 0.0139 0.01065 0.00694
200 0.16902 0.22717 0.19169 0.11889 0.06934 0.04491 0.02608 0.01989 0.01687 0.0129
210 0.16833 0.22271 0.33138 0.17053 0.08445 0.05355 0.03069 0.02118 0.01593 0.01031
220 0.15836 0.18937 0.49234 0.1497 0.0616 0.03554 0.01849 0.01248 0.00954 0.00656
230 0.14696 0.14299 0.38563 0.13433 0.06459 0.04315 0.02964 0.02448 0.0214 0.01731
240 0.14038 0.06098 0.25312 0.10428 0.05217 0.03245 0.01766 0.01201 0.00894 0.00554
250 0.14537 0.12246 0.15344 0.077 0.04921 0.03402 0.02186 0.01765 0.01492 0.01078
260 0.15029 0.15037 0.1019 0.04218 0.02842 0.01962 0.01128 0.00768 0.00573 0.00354
270 0.14812 0.15142 0.08691 0.025 0.01712 0.0125 0.00857 0.00763 0.00733 0.00651
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 122
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 200 300 500 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 5000 7000
280 0.13595 0.1293 0.0815 0.02243 0.01269 0.0091 0.00586 0.00411 0.00311 0.00204
290 0.11859 0.10236 0.0729 0.023 0.01181 0.00786 0.00482 0.00347 0.0027 0.00187
300 0.10126 0.08086 0.05913 0.03044 0.01497 0.00877 0.00441 0.00288 0.00215 0.00145
310 0.08666 0.06546 0.04502 0.03207 0.02242 0.01558 0.00952 0.00685 0.00514 0.00324
320 0.07518 0.05479 0.0339 0.0221 0.01799 0.0152 0.01158 0.00961 0.00819 0.00621
330 0.06656 0.04703 0.02687 0.01617 0.01164 0.0089 0.00599 0.00452 0.0036 0.00251
340 0.06018 0.04142 0.02321 0.01184 0.00872 0.00685 0.00502 0.00412 0.00339 0.00237
350 0.05554 0.03767 0.02059 0.00985 0.00659 0.00487 0.00318 0.00236 0.00188 0.00133
360 0.0522 0.03533 0.01885 0.00846 0.00597 0.00464 0.00314 0.00233 0.00184 0.00127
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 123
Figure 4-1: ISOPLETH of PM10 for Monitoring Period
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 124
Table 4-10: Incremental GLC of SO2 Monitoring Period
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 200 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 7000
10 0.25069 0.0731 0.0351 0.02166 0.01538 0.00882 0.00622 0.00411 0.00331 0.00267
20 0.24744 0.06903 0.03168 0.01857 0.01257 0.00665 0.00448 0.00278 0.00211 0.00149
30 0.2602 0.07447 0.03529 0.02108 0.01439 0.00756 0.00498 0.00296 0.00216 0.00142
40 0.2788 0.08335 0.04172 0.02627 0.01874 0.01044 0.00698 0.00407 0.00288 0.00175
50 0.28998 0.08499 0.04152 0.02773 0.02239 0.01771 0.01501 0.01145 0.00937 0.00715
60 0.28725 0.0825 0.03802 0.02245 0.01551 0.00855 0.00597 0.00396 0.00326 0.00281
70 0.2809 0.0955 0.06167 0.04928 0.04287 0.0342 0.02933 0.02246 0.01858 0.01449
80 0.28301 0.08289 0.04 0.02474 0.01736 0.00945 0.00629 0.00369 0.00267 0.00178
90 0.30786 0.09454 0.0476 0.03067 0.02243 0.01352 0.00989 0.00668 0.00523 0.00364
100 0.32516 0.0964 0.04802 0.03165 0.02438 0.01726 0.01427 0.01161 0.01079 0.01021
110 0.37412 0.10887 0.05156 0.0307 0.02072 0.01116 0.00806 0.00625 0.00625 0.00843
120 0.45918 0.14167 0.07041 0.04346 0.03031 0.01799 0.01422 0.01199 0.01203 0.01459
130 0.55712 0.18574 0.10189 0.07034 0.05475 0.03898 0.0319 0.02508 0.02258 0.02184
140 0.63467 0.21239 0.11304 0.07757 0.06043 0.04356 0.03696 0.03079 0.02941 0.03215
150 0.66042 0.20966 0.10127 0.06269 0.04474 0.02739 0.02096 0.0154 0.01376 0.0148
160 0.69196 0.22134 0.11078 0.0717 0.05356 0.03603 0.03064 0.02719 0.02807 0.03496
170 0.76596 0.2508 0.13155 0.08844 0.06778 0.04551 0.03554 0.02579 0.02174 0.01942
180 0.91733 0.33615 0.18681 0.12614 0.09476 0.05876 0.04251 0.02764 0.02067 0.01335
190 1.10998 0.41734 0.22218 0.14241 0.10222 0.05873 0.03958 0.02309 0.01582 0.00746
200 1.35993 0.5956 0.36774 0.26745 0.21073 0.14047 0.10672 0.07582 0.06337 0.0462
210 1.39024 0.57725 0.32537 0.2181 0.1607 0.09412 0.06585 0.04289 0.03489 0.02529
220 1.3251 0.51525 0.27123 0.17276 0.12345 0.06968 0.04767 0.02897 0.02124 0.01297
230 1.40923 0.66226 0.41982 0.31298 0.25355 0.17707 0.14044 0.1092 0.09794 0.07884
240 1.05158 0.4412 0.24533 0.16332 0.12089 0.06862 0.0452 0.02531 0.01762 0.01071
250 0.76923 0.33332 0.19824 0.14442 0.11783 0.08028 0.06051 0.03965 0.02906 0.01573
260 0.59781 0.25561 0.14656 0.10002 0.07632 0.04582 0.03131 0.01793 0.01171 0.00506
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 125
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 200 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 7000
270 0.46949 0.19051 0.11105 0.08093 0.06721 0.05129 0.04367 0.03207 0.02418 0.01273
280 0.38086 0.14169 0.07782 0.05267 0.03997 0.02602 0.02018 0.0129 0.0088 0.004
290 0.34616 0.11855 0.06268 0.04124 0.03021 0.01847 0.014 0.00986 0.00805 0.00598
300 0.35769 0.1191 0.05993 0.03719 0.02593 0.01418 0.00978 0.00575 0.00394 0.00208
310 0.39146 0.14523 0.08003 0.055 0.04321 0.02932 0.02314 0.01539 0.01105 0.0056
320 0.41769 0.17615 0.10979 0.0844 0.07185 0.05292 0.04229 0.02878 0.02114 0.011
330 0.39115 0.16003 0.09327 0.06497 0.04978 0.03008 0.02066 0.01195 0.00814 0.0041
340 0.33463 0.12233 0.06633 0.04412 0.03296 0.01973 0.01393 0.00914 0.00733 0.00536
350 0.28863 0.09566 0.04972 0.03235 0.02401 0.01442 0.01026 0.00686 0.00562 0.00433
360 0.26238 0.08052 0.03962 0.02455 0.01731 0.00956 0.00642 0.00382 0.00275 0.00174
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 126
Figure 4-2: ISOPLETH of SO2 for Monitoring Period
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 127
Table 4-11: Incremental GLC of NOx for Monitoring Period
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 200 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 7000
10 0.25069 0.0731 0.0351 0.02166 0.01538 0.00882 0.00622 0.00411 0.00331 0.00267
20 0.24744 0.06903 0.03168 0.01857 0.01257 0.00665 0.00448 0.00278 0.00211 0.00149
30 0.2602 0.07447 0.03529 0.02108 0.01439 0.00756 0.00498 0.00296 0.00216 0.00142
40 0.2788 0.08335 0.04172 0.02627 0.01874 0.01044 0.00698 0.00407 0.00288 0.00175
50 0.28998 0.08499 0.04152 0.02773 0.02239 0.01771 0.01501 0.01145 0.00937 0.00715
60 0.28725 0.0825 0.03802 0.02245 0.01551 0.00855 0.00597 0.00396 0.00326 0.00281
70 0.2809 0.0955 0.06167 0.04928 0.04287 0.0342 0.02933 0.02246 0.01858 0.01449
80 0.28301 0.08289 0.04 0.02474 0.01736 0.00945 0.00629 0.00369 0.00267 0.00178
90 0.30786 0.09454 0.0476 0.03067 0.02243 0.01352 0.00989 0.00668 0.00523 0.00364
100 0.32516 0.0964 0.04802 0.03165 0.02438 0.01726 0.01427 0.01161 0.01079 0.01021
110 0.37412 0.10887 0.05156 0.0307 0.02072 0.01116 0.00806 0.00625 0.00625 0.00843
120 0.45918 0.14167 0.07041 0.04346 0.03031 0.01799 0.01422 0.01199 0.01203 0.01459
130 0.55712 0.18574 0.10189 0.07034 0.05475 0.03898 0.0319 0.02508 0.02258 0.02184
140 0.63467 0.21239 0.11304 0.07757 0.06043 0.04356 0.03696 0.03079 0.02941 0.03215
150 0.66042 0.20966 0.10127 0.06269 0.04474 0.02739 0.02096 0.0154 0.01376 0.0148
160 0.69196 0.22134 0.11078 0.0717 0.05356 0.03603 0.03064 0.02719 0.02807 0.03496
170 0.76596 0.2508 0.13155 0.08844 0.06778 0.04551 0.03554 0.02579 0.02174 0.01942
180 0.91733 0.33615 0.18681 0.12614 0.09476 0.05876 0.04251 0.02764 0.02067 0.01335
190 1.10998 0.41734 0.22218 0.14241 0.10222 0.05873 0.03958 0.02309 0.01582 0.00746
200 1.35993 0.5956 0.36774 0.26745 0.21073 0.14047 0.10672 0.07582 0.06337 0.0462
210 1.39024 0.57725 0.32537 0.2181 0.1607 0.09412 0.06585 0.04289 0.03489 0.02529
220 1.3251 0.51525 0.27123 0.17276 0.12345 0.06968 0.04767 0.02897 0.02124 0.01297
230 1.40923 0.66226 0.41982 0.31298 0.25355 0.17707 0.14044 0.1092 0.09794 0.07884
240 1.05158 0.4412 0.24533 0.16332 0.12089 0.06862 0.0452 0.02531 0.01762 0.01071
250 0.76923 0.33332 0.19824 0.14442 0.11783 0.08028 0.06051 0.03965 0.02906 0.01573
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 128
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 200 400 600 800 1000 1500 2000 3000 4000 7000
260 0.59781 0.25561 0.14656 0.10002 0.07632 0.04582 0.03131 0.01793 0.01171 0.00506
270 0.46949 0.19051 0.11105 0.08093 0.06721 0.05129 0.04367 0.03207 0.02418 0.01273
280 0.38086 0.14169 0.07782 0.05267 0.03997 0.02602 0.02018 0.0129 0.0088 0.004
290 0.34616 0.11855 0.06268 0.04124 0.03021 0.01847 0.014 0.00986 0.00805 0.00598
300 0.35769 0.1191 0.05993 0.03719 0.02593 0.01418 0.00978 0.00575 0.00394 0.00208
310 0.39146 0.14523 0.08003 0.055 0.04321 0.02932 0.02314 0.01539 0.01105 0.0056
320 0.41769 0.17615 0.10979 0.0844 0.07185 0.05292 0.04229 0.02878 0.02114 0.011
330 0.39115 0.16003 0.09327 0.06497 0.04978 0.03008 0.02066 0.01195 0.00814 0.0041
340 0.33463 0.12233 0.06633 0.04412 0.03296 0.01973 0.01393 0.00914 0.00733 0.00536
350 0.28863 0.09566 0.04972 0.03235 0.02401 0.01442 0.01026 0.00686 0.00562 0.00433
360 0.26238 0.08052 0.03962 0.02455 0.01731 0.00956 0.00642 0.00382 0.00275 0.00174
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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Figure 4-3: ISOPLETH of NOx for Monitoring Period
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Air Quality Modelling for Line Source
The results of incremental GLCs for the line sources (road traffic) is provided for paved road and emission from the exhaust of the vehicles.
Table 4-12: Incremental GLC for PM, Paved Road
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
DEGREES 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
10 2.7732 3.51715 3.41897 3.0651 2.67502 1.31676 0.43058 0.1882 0.097 0.05544
20 4.75694 2.77267 2.02529 1.86729 1.70113 1.01287 0.32527 0.11959 0.05249 0.02653
30 3.71391 3.2577 2.67525 1.87969 1.30181 0.49526 0.088 0.01079 0.00158 0.00036
40 3.23635 2.54339 1.46719 1.27016 0.94781 0.39945 0.25999 0.1541 0.08032 0.0403
50 3.486 1.87348 1.40722 0.85362 0.72108 0.30194 0.21461 0.17281 0.14594 0.12501
60 3.46697 2.13418 1.27558 1.09167 0.79112 0.57403 0.42398 0.333 0.24394 0.1651
70 3.11196 1.69961 1.5366 1.4217 1.31733 0.9797 0.32052 0.23847 0.19168 0.16292
80 2.6963 1.6666 1.52013 1.39765 1.33009 1.06199 0.73339 0.37696 0.2393 0.16817
90 2.56551 1.64562 1.82406 1.83115 1.77723 1.23557 0.87048 0.459 0.24704 0.18688
100 2.6967 2.60565 2.49715 2.51099 2.43794 1.89866 0.52979 0.44141 0.37901 0.3227
110 2.66769 3.09639 3.2855 3.29782 3.19421 1.41372 0.59764 0.41574 0.22152 0.14611
120 3.8623 5.29246 5.32775 4.74487 4.62549 2.13758 1.32833 1.02566 0.75123 0.54638
130 5.28969 7.61113 7.68619 6.00557 5.71316 3.48457 1.36702 0.83213 0.54704 0.39342
140 5.75458 8.87292 8.93532 7.49713 7.06012 2.76077 0.80428 0.60587 0.43417 0.30753
150 5.70537 10.38553 10.98698 9.91424 8.32266 2.87479 1.14972 0.61015 0.31906 0.18982
160 3.65957 9.27262 11.21265 10.17306 7.79035 4.26917 1.78545 0.72167 0.36621 0.21984
170 4.1628 5.8483 8.9862 10.68554 9.73307 3.29709 0.46259 0.20975 0.12793 0.09128
180 4.23877 6.59041 7.63615 7.104 5.24376 2.16463 0.96089 0.5668 0.38679 0.28702
190 8.67604 7.17984 5.26248 4.05466 2.64571 0.09114 0.01716 0.01098 0.00785 0.00604
200 6.88489 5.43084 4.4079 3.91908 3.71748 1.4468 0.40707 0.2349 0.15636 0.11218
210 5.64989 3.83356 2.04017 1.63915 1.5145 0.90112 0.44517 0.26061 0.17264 0.12378
220 4.80816 2.8678 1.61608 1.39245 1.23263 0.79341 0.11087 0.06356 0.04039 0.03123
230 4.15862 2.22464 1.23171 1.02768 0.88737 0.58739 0.32188 0.23467 0.15683 0.10375
240 3.64676 1.83126 0.98584 0.83055 0.68884 0.39516 0.26184 0.17989 0.11521 0.07419
250 3.06802 1.43061 0.64848 0.53334 0.4628 0.24813 0.07851 0.05274 0.03884 0.02959
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 131
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
DEGREES 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
260 2.66155 1.2521 0.46555 0.3522 0.30092 0.15712 0.08174 0.03715 0.01708 0.00838
270 2.33112 1.17931 0.39739 0.29311 0.22738 0.13772 0.07905 0.0473 0.02841 0.01771
280 2.05347 1.1146 0.3916 0.30013 0.25604 0.08649 0.0437 0.02561 0.01986 0.01599
290 1.86982 1.08522 0.50386 0.30088 0.26171 0.14888 0.0247 0.0135 0.01024 0.00813
300 1.89086 1.16951 0.7406 0.39002 0.22259 0.11807 0.07452 0.05184 0.03781 0.02866
310 1.96399 1.27055 0.93427 0.67584 0.46527 0.09728 0.03546 0.01468 0.00701 0.00514
320 1.87387 1.26352 0.98677 0.8134 0.68135 0.28785 0.10209 0.05042 0.02795 0.01684
330 1.41862 0.87751 0.60096 0.49427 0.42396 0.24906 0.12604 0.07746 0.05293 0.03862
340 1.80986 0.83718 0.642 0.51978 0.43322 0.21353 0.08224 0.04234 0.02525 0.0165
350 3.47573 1.64399 0.72312 0.35501 0.21054 0.07508 0.03254 0.01937 0.01326 0.00984
360 2.75727 2.32882 1.87388 1.52817 1.27239 0.6369 0.2742 0.15822 0.10463 0.07501
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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Figure 4-4: Isopleth for PM
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Table 4-13: Incremental GLC or PM from Engine Exhaust
DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
10 0.0075 0.0095 0.0092 0.0083 0.0072 0.0036 0.0012 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002
20 0.0128 0.0075 0.0055 0.0050 0.0046 0.0027 0.0009 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001
30 0.0100 0.0088 0.0072 0.0051 0.0035 0.0013 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
40 0.0087 0.0069 0.0040 0.0034 0.0026 0.0011 0.0007 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001
50 0.0094 0.0051 0.0038 0.0023 0.0020 0.0008 0.0006 0.0005 0.0004 0.0003
60 0.0094 0.0058 0.0034 0.0030 0.0021 0.0016 0.0011 0.0009 0.0007 0.0005
70 0.0084 0.0046 0.0042 0.0038 0.0036 0.0027 0.0009 0.0006 0.0005 0.0004
80 0.0073 0.0045 0.0041 0.0038 0.0036 0.0029 0.0020 0.0010 0.0007 0.0005
90 0.0069 0.0044 0.0049 0.0049 0.0048 0.0033 0.0024 0.0012 0.0007 0.0005
100 0.0073 0.0070 0.0067 0.0068 0.0066 0.0051 0.0014 0.0012 0.0010 0.0009
110 0.0072 0.0084 0.0089 0.0089 0.0086 0.0038 0.0016 0.0011 0.0006 0.0004
120 0.0104 0.0143 0.0144 0.0128 0.0125 0.0058 0.0036 0.0028 0.0020 0.0015
130 0.0143 0.0206 0.0208 0.0162 0.0154 0.0094 0.0037 0.0023 0.0015 0.0011
140 0.0155 0.0240 0.0241 0.0202 0.0191 0.0075 0.0022 0.0016 0.0012 0.0008
150 0.0154 0.0280 0.0297 0.0268 0.0225 0.0078 0.0031 0.0017 0.0009 0.0005
160 0.0099 0.0250 0.0303 0.0275 0.0210 0.0115 0.0048 0.0020 0.0010 0.0006
170 0.0112 0.0158 0.0243 0.0289 0.0263 0.0089 0.0013 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003
180 0.0114 0.0178 0.0206 0.0192 0.0142 0.0058 0.0026 0.0015 0.0010 0.0008
190 0.0234 0.0194 0.0142 0.0110 0.0071 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
200 0.0186 0.0147 0.0119 0.0106 0.0100 0.0039 0.0011 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003
210 0.0153 0.0104 0.0055 0.0044 0.0041 0.0024 0.0012 0.0007 0.0005 0.0003
220 0.0130 0.0077 0.0044 0.0038 0.0033 0.0021 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001
230 0.0112 0.0060 0.0033 0.0028 0.0024 0.0016 0.0009 0.0006 0.0004 0.0003
240 0.0099 0.0049 0.0027 0.0022 0.0019 0.0011 0.0007 0.0005 0.0003 0.0002
250 0.0083 0.0039 0.0018 0.0014 0.0013 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
260 0.0072 0.0034 0.0013 0.0010 0.0008 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
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DIRECTION DISTANCE (METERS)
(DEGREES) 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
270 0.0063 0.0032 0.0011 0.0008 0.0006 0.0004 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
280 0.0055 0.0030 0.0011 0.0008 0.0007 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
290 0.0051 0.0029 0.0014 0.0008 0.0007 0.0004 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
300 0.0051 0.0032 0.0020 0.0011 0.0006 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
310 0.0053 0.0034 0.0025 0.0018 0.0013 0.0003 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000
320 0.0051 0.0034 0.0027 0.0022 0.0018 0.0008 0.0003 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001
330 0.0038 0.0024 0.0016 0.0013 0.0011 0.0007 0.0003 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001
340 0.0049 0.0023 0.0017 0.0014 0.0012 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000
350 0.0094 0.0044 0.0020 0.0010 0.0006 0.0002 0.0001 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000
360 0.0074 0.0063 0.0051 0.0041 0.0034 0.0017 0.0007 0.0004 0.0003 0.0002
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Figure 4-5 Isopleth for PM from Engine Exhaust
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Table 4-14 Incremental GCL for NOx from Engine Exhaust
DIRECTION DISTANCE(METERS)
(DEGREES) 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
10 1.25 1.58 1.54 1.38 1.20 0.59 0.19 0.08 0.04 0.02
20 2.14 1.25 0.91 0.84 0.77 0.46 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.01
30 1.67 1.47 1.20 0.85 0.59 0.22 0.04 0.0049 0.0007 0.0002
40 1.46 1.14 0.66 0.57 0.43 0.18 0.12 0.07 0.04 0.02
50 1.57 0.84 0.63 0.38 0.32 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06
60 1.56 0.96 0.57 0.49 0.36 0.26 0.19 0.15 0.11 0.07
70 1.40 0.76 0.69 0.64 0.59 0.44 0.14 0.11 0.09 0.07
80 1.21 0.75 0.68 0.63 0.60 0.48 0.33 0.17 0.11 0.08
90 1.15 0.74 0.82 0.82 0.80 0.56 0.39 0.21 0.11 0.08
100 1.21 1.17 1.12 1.13 1.10 0.85 0.24 0.20 0.17 0.15
110 1.20 1.39 1.48 1.48 1.44 0.64 0.27 0.19 0.10 0.07
120 1.74 2.38 2.40 2.14 2.08 0.96 0.60 0.46 0.34 0.25
130 2.38 3.43 3.46 2.70 2.57 1.57 0.62 0.37 0.25 0.18
140 2.59 3.99 4.02 3.37 3.18 1.24 0.36 0.27 0.20 0.14
150 2.57 4.67 4.94 4.46 3.75 1.29 0.52 0.27 0.14 0.09
160 1.65 4.17 5.05 4.58 3.51 1.92 0.80 0.32 0.16 0.10
170 1.87 2.63 4.04 4.81 4.38 1.48 0.21 0.09 0.06 0.04
180 1.91 2.97 3.44 3.20 2.36 0.97 0.43 0.26 0.17 0.13
190 3.90 3.23 2.37 1.82 1.19 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00
200 3.10 2.44 1.98 1.76 1.67 0.65 0.18 0.11 0.07 0.05
210 2.54 1.73 0.92 0.74 0.68 0.41 0.20 0.12 0.08 0.06
220 2.16 1.29 0.73 0.63 0.55 0.36 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.01
230 1.87 1.00 0.55 0.46 0.40 0.26 0.14 0.11 0.07 0.05
240 1.64 0.82 0.44 0.37 0.31 0.18 0.12 0.08 0.05 0.03
250 1.38 0.64 0.29 0.24 0.21 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01
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DIRECTION DISTANCE(METERS)
(DEGREES) 100 200 300 400 500 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
260 1.20 0.56 0.21 0.16 0.14 0.07 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00
270 1.05 0.53 0.18 0.13 0.10 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01
280 0.92 0.50 0.18 0.14 0.12 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01
290 0.84 0.49 0.23 0.14 0.12 0.07 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00
300 0.85 0.53 0.33 0.18 0.10 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01
310 0.88 0.57 0.42 0.30 0.21 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00
320 0.84 0.57 0.44 0.37 0.31 0.13 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01
330 0.64 0.39 0.27 0.22 0.19 0.11 0.06 0.03 0.02 0.02
340 0.81 0.38 0.29 0.23 0.19 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01
350 1.56 0.74 0.33 0.16 0.09 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00
360 1.24 1.05 0.84 0.69 0.57 0.29 0.12 0.07 0.05 0.03
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Figure 4-6 Isopleth NOx from Engine Exhaust
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Results
Point Source
The incremental increase in GLC of SOx, NOx & PM due to consumption HSD for proposed stack is presented in
Table 4-9, Table 4-10 and Table 4-11 for point source. The worst combined environmental situation is
predicted as the sum of maximum monitored value of a parameter and the incremental GLC at the monitoring
location. This is a conservative estimate and probability of such occurrence is unlikely. The predicted results are
summarized below in Table 4-15.
Line Source
The incremental increase in GLC of NOx & PM due to vehicular movement for proposed project is presented in
Table 4-12, Table 4-13 and Table 4-14 for line source. The worst combined environmental situation is
predicted as the sum of maximum monitored value of a parameter and the incremental GLC at the monitoring
location. This is a conservative estimate and probability of such occurrence is unlikely. The predicted results are
summarized below in
Table 4-16.
Table 4-15: Average Incremental Increase in GLC (Point Source)
S. No.
Name of Village/ Industry
Pollutant
Average Monitored Baseline
Concentration
Incremental GLC due to Point Source
Total Predictive GLC
(Distance in km/Direction)
(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6=C4+C5
1 Temple- Nr Oil Jetty
(0.15/N)
PM 124 0.0522 124.1
SOX 13.2 0.25 13.5
NOX 20.3 0.26 20.6
2 350 m SW from Project boundary
(0.35/SW)
PM 96 0.181 96.2
SOX 17.9 0.51 18.4
NOX 32.8 0.66 33.5
3 New KPT colony
(0.9/SSW)
PM 134 0.118 134.1
SOX 12.8 0.1 12.9
NOX 17 0.24 17.2
4 Kandla (1.37/SW)
PM 193 0.0631 193.1
SOX 16.5 0.07 16.6
NOX 25.1 0.17 25.3
5 Nr. ASAPPL terminal
(1.39/WNW)
PM 119 0.023 119.0
SOX 11.5 0.026 11.5
NOX 19.1 0.026 19.1
6 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan)
(2.62/NW)
PM 113 0.0129 113.0
SOX 14.6 0.015 14.6
NOX 23 0.022 23.0
7 700 m South from project boundary
(0.7/S)
PM 150 0.0827 150.1
SOX 7.4 0.13 7.5
NOX 13.6 0.156 13.8
8 Khari Rohar Village
(6.93/NW)
PM 124 0.00473 124.0
SOX 11 0.013 11.0
NOX 17.2 0.0079 17.2
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Table 4-16: Average Incremental Increase in GLC (Line Source)
S. No.
Name of Village/ Industry
Pollutant
Average Monitored Baseline
Concentration
Incremental GLC (Exhaust)
Total Predictive GLC
(Distance in km/Direction)
(µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3)
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6=C4+C5
1 Temple- Nr Oil Jetty
(0.15/N)
PM 124 0.0069 124.0
NOX 20.3 1.14 21.4
2 350 m SW from Project
boundary (0.35/SW)
PM 96 0.0036 96.0
NOX 32.8 0.59 33.4
3 New KPT colony
(0.9/SSW)
PM 134 0.0039 134.0
NOX 17 0.65 17.7
4 Kandla (1.37/SW) PM 193 0.0012 193.0
NOX 25.1 0.2 25.3
5 Nr. ASAPPL terminal
(1.39/WNW)
PM 119 0.0001 119.0
NOX 19.1 0.04 19.1
6 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan)
(2.62/NW)
PM 113 0.0001 113.0
NOX 23 0.02 23.0
7 700 m South from project boundary
(0.7/S)
PM 150 0.005 150.0
NOX 13.6 1.67 15.3
Mitigation Measures
Table 4-17: Impact Scoring – Air Environment
Code Impacting Activity
Impact Scoring
Mitigation Measures Severity, S
Likelihood, P
Final Score
S x P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
1 Vehicle movement for
transportation of materials and equipment
1 3 3 Vehicles must be PUC
certified, water sprinkling
2 Excavation work 2 3 6
3 Laying of above/ on
ground/ underground pipelines
1 5 5 Safety appliance will be
given to workers
4 Final cleaning of site 1 5 5 Safety appliance will be
given to workers
Operation Phase
5 Operation of DG Sets 1 4 4
Adequate stack height will be provided with Air Pollution Control Device
(APCD)
6 Operation of Thermic Fluid
Heater 1 4 4
Adequate stack height will be provided with Air Pollution Control Device
(APCD) and proper technique for handling
of coal
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Code Impacting Activity
Impact Scoring
Mitigation Measures Severity, S
Likelihood, P
Final Score
S x P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
7 Vehicle movement for
transportation of materials 1 4 4
Vehicles must be PUC certified and paved road
for movement of vehicles
4.4.3 Noise and Vibration
The proposed project related activities will lead to emission of noise that may have minor impact on the
surrounding communities in terms of minor increase in noise levels. The potential impacts on noise level may arise
out of the following:
Noise from Dismantling of tank and Site Preparation
During construction phase, operation of earth movers like crane, dumper, roller, bulldozers etc. will be used. The
machinery will be used during daytime and will emit noise within permissible limits. Thus, there will not be any
adverse impact on nearby habitation due to proposed activity.
Noise from Vehicle /Traffic
Vehicle movement for transportation of materials and work force to the site will cause minor noise emission as the
frequency of vehicular movement is few times in a week.
Noise from DG Set, Thermic Fluid Heater etc.
Noise generated from DG Set, Thermic Fluid Heater, etc. will have a permanent effect to the workers working in the
nearby vicinity, if they will work for more hours in a day.
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Table 4-18: Environmental Impact Scoring – Noise Environment
S No.
Project Activity Identified
Aspect
O/N/AN/E
/L/T
Impact Scoring
Significance/ Consequence
Operation Controls/Mitigation Measures
EMP required Severity,
S
Probability
P
Final Score
S × P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10
A Construction Phase
1 Preparation of Site
1.1 Dismantling of existing
structure
Noise generation due to the
movement of vehicles
(O, L) 3 1 3 Minor PUC certified vehicles will be used No
1.2 Removal of vegetation Noise generation due to vehicular
movement (O&N) 3 1 3 Minor PUC certified vehicles will be used No
1.3
Vehicle movement for transportation of
materials and equipment
Noise generation due excavation
operations (O&N,T) 3 2 6 Less Significant
PPE’s like ear muff and ear plug will be provided to workers during construction work.
Yes
2 Installation of
Storage Tanks and related activities
2.1 Excavation work Noise generation due to increase in
traffic (O&N,T) 2 2 4 Less Significant PUC certified vehicles will be used No
2.2 Civil Construction work Noise and vibration during foundation
(O&N,T) 2 2 4 Less Significant
PPE’s like ear muff and ear plug will be provided to workers during construction work.
No
2.3 Heavy fabrication work including metal cutting (Gas cutting, welding)
Noise and vibration during fabrication
(O&N,T) 2 2 4 Less Significant No
2.4 Installation of Thermic
Fluid Heater Noise and vibration during construction
(O&N,T) 2 2 4 Less Significant No
2.5 Installation of Tank and Truck loading
platform
Noise and vibration during construction
(O&N,T) 2 2 4 Less Significant No
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S No.
Project Activity Identified
Aspect
O/N/AN/E
/L/T
Impact Scoring
Significance/ Consequence
Operation Controls/Mitigation Measures
EMP required Severity,
S
Probability
P
Final Score
S × P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 C10
A Construction Phase
2.6
Laying of insulated pipelines from Jetty to Terminal for receiving
Bitumen from Ship
Noise and vibration during laying
pipeline (O&N,T) 2 2 4 Less Significant No
3 Operation phase
3.1 Pipeline cleaning (i.e. Pigging of pipeline)
While depressurizing the
pipeline (A,T) 2 4 8 Less Significant
PPE’s like ear muff and ear plug will be provided to workers during cleaning of pipeline.
No
3.2
Start up and shut down of activities like operation of Thermic Fluid Heater, D.G. set
Due to start up and shut down
(A, N, T) 2 5 10 Moderately Significant
Acoustic enclosures will be provided to the machines.
PPE’s like ear muff and ear plug will be provided to workers during cleaning of pipeline.
Yes
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Assessment of Noise using SoundPlan
Noise modelling study was done using the Software tool called “Sound Plan” which predicts the Noise Map
generated due to the sources present at the project site, and predicts the Noise Levels at various receiver points
due to the sources present at the project site.
To analyse the Noise Map of the project site, first, the geometrically coordinated Google Earth images of the Project
site were imported into the software. Various Sources of noise were added with their approximate Sound Pressure
Levels, and the “Receiver points” were added at various locations where Noise Monitoring was conducted.
“SoundPlan” generates the Noise Map with colored pattern isoplates, which indicate whether or not the SPL in that
particular region is above the limits mentioned by CPCB or not. If the Limit for Sound Pressure Level indicated by
CPCB for that particular area is 75 dB during the day, and if the predicted SPL is below that, the Noise Map will
show Green colour for that area. But if the SPL is above the “user set” allowable limit, the same will be shown in
Red colour depending upon the Difference between then Predicted SPL and the Allowable SPL, and the “Conflict” in
SPL is mentioned in the table if any conflict is predicted.
Consideration during the analysis
The sources considered at the project site for the analysis with their approximate Sound Pressure Levels are
considered slightly on the higher side for more critical analysis. The sources of noise considered are as Table 4-19.
Table 4-19: Sources of noise with their sound pressure levels
S. No. Sources Levels dB(A)
1. DG Sets 85
2. Pumps 85
3. Thermic Fluid heater 90
4. Vehicular Movement 85
Using above consideration the isopleths generated during daytime and night time are as given in Figure 4-7 and
Figure 4-8.
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Figure 4-7: Isopleths for incremental noise generated during daytime
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Figure 4-8: Isopleths for incremental noise generated during night-time
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Observations
The sound pressure levels were predicted at different sources as mentioned above. The observations are:
1. The project site is located in a designated industrial area, where the CPCB limits defined for Noise Levels are 75 dB during the day and 70 dB during the night.
However, sound pressure levels are considered on higher side for more critical analysis.
2. SoundPlan analysis predicts an increase of 0.1 to 0.2 dB during the daytime and 0.1 to 0.3 dB during night time.
3. In industrial area, cumulative incremental increase predicted during day and night time is observed within the allowable CPCB limits, so it will not cause any
impact outside the industrial boundary. In Residential area, cumulative incremental increase observed is slightly higher than the allowable CPCB limits which will
cause negligible impact due to proposed project.
4. Baseline data for Noise has been monitored at 4 places i.e. within 1 km area from project boundary as noise generated from the proposed project will not cause
any impact more than 1 km.
The predicted noise levels along with the conflict are as given in Table 4-20.
Table 4-20: Noise level at receptor locations
S. No. Receiver Name Category
CPCB Limits in dB (A) Baseline Average Noise
levels in dB (A)
Predicted Cumulative incremental increase in
Noise level dB (A)
Incremental increase in Noise level dB (A)
Day Night
Day Night Day Night Day Night
A B C
Algorithmic Calculation C=B-A
1 Near Rishi Shipping Industrial 75.0 70.0 57.1 50.6 57.1 50.6 0.0 0.0
2 South side from proposed project
boundary Industrial 75.0 70.0 55.1 45.1 55.3 45.4 0.2 0.3
3 Near Oil Jetty Industrial 75.0 70.0 69.2 59.9 69.4 60.1 0.2 0.2
4 New KPT Colony Residential 55.0 45.0 54.8 46.7 54.9 46.8 0.1 0.1
As seen in the Table 4-20 above, SoundPlan analysis is carried out assuming that there are no obstructions (such as trees, buildings, walls etc.) in between the
receiver locations and the sources of sound, which is not true in real conditions. Therefore, the actual results which SoundPlan has predicted are going to be much
lower than provided results of SoundPlan given in above table.
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Mitigation Measures
Although there was no increase beyond the allowable limit predicted at any of the noise monitoring locations
outside the project site, the noise environment also includes the people who are working within the project site,
and who may face permanent hearing damage in case they face the Noise Dosage beyond the allowable level of
Noise. Therefore, it is important to implement the following mitigation in order to avoid any permanent hearing
damage to the people working inside the project site.
Acoustic Enclosures on all major equipment in the plant will have to be provided for noise attenuation
Workers should also be provided with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs and
earplugs.
Rotation of workers in the high noise area
High noise generating areas would be identified and tags marked.
Green belt will be developed to reduce noise.
Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible
Acoustic mufflers / enclosures to be provided in large engines/machinery.
Equipment to be maintained in good working order.
Implement good working practices (equipment selection) to minimize noise and reduce its impacts on human
health (earmuffs, safe distances, and enclosures).
Noise to be monitored in ambient air within the premises.
All equipment operated within specified design parameters.
4.4.4 Solid and Hazardous Waste
Table 4-21: Impact Scoring – Solid & Hazardous Waste
S. No. Impacting
Activity
Impact Scoring Remarks
Severity, S Probability, P Final Score, S x P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
A Pre-Construction Phase
1 Preparation of Site
1.1 Dismantling of
existing structure -2 2 -4
Low Impact. C & D waste will be used for filling of low lying areas and other scrap/metal waste will
be reused for structural work wherever is required. The surplus
scrap material will be sold out.
2 Installation of Bitumen Storage Tanks and related activities
2.1
Heavy fabrication work including metal cutting, Gas cutting,
welding for tank, pipeline, other steel structure
-2 2 -4
Low Impact as Solid waste generation from fabrication work like metal waste & scrap Material will be handed over to authorized
recyclers.
2.2 Painting &
Insulation of Tanks
-2 1 -2 Low impact as temporary activity
2.3 Final cleaning of
site -1 2 -2 Minor Impact
B Operation Phase
3.1 Pipeline cleaning (i.e. Pigging of
pipeline) -2 1 -2
Minor impact as spill control measures will be in place in case
of any leakage or spillage.
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Mitigation Measures
Care shall be taken during loading/ unloading of material to avoid leakage and spillage of Chemicals.
Construction and demolition waste will be used for filling of low lying area while scrap material will be reused
for structural work wherever is required. The surplus scrap material will be sold out.
Hazardous Wastes will be properly handled in containers and properly stored in hazardous waste storage areas
as per rules and also bunding will be provided to avoid overflow of spillage waters which can contaminate the
surroundings.
Recyclable waste will be handed over to authorized recyclers
4.4.5 Geology and Hydrogeology
This is a marshy land, the upper soil layer is saline in nature and upper aquifers are yielding saline water used for
domestic purpose only.
The activities proposed in the area do not anyway disturb the Geological and Hydrogeological condition of the area.
Hence, there will not be any adverse impact on geology and ground water as groundwater is highly brackish/saline
and used for domestic purpose only.
4.4.6 Soil Conservation
Table 4-22: Impact Scoring for Soil
Code Impacting Activity
Impact Scoring
Basis of scoring Severity, S Probability, P
Final Score
S x P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
A Pre-Construction Phase
1 Preparation of Site
1.1 Dismantling of existing
structure 2 2 4
Moderate impact due to soil erosion and impact on soil quality due to construction
materia
1.2 Removal of vegetation 2 2 4 Moderate loss of soil due to
erosion
B Operation Phase
1.3 Loading of products from
Storage tanks to Road tankers
2 2 4 Moderate impact due to
spillage of materials
1.4 Pumping / transfer of
products through pipelines
2 2 4 Spillage due to leakage may have minor impact on soil
quality
1.9
Leakage or spillage of chemicals (at hose
connection & loading arm, dipping or gauging
and sampling
2 2 4 Spillage due to leakage of chemicals may have minor
impact on soil quality
Mitigation Measures:
Spillage of construction materials may be taken care of to avoid soil contamination and deterioration on soil
quality as cement is highly alkaline
Spillage of chemicals, oil, diesel etc. take care to avoid soil contamination.
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4.4.7 Occupational Health & Safety
Table 4-23: Impact Scoring of Occupational Health, Community Health and Safety
Code Impacting Activity Aspect Impact Scoring
Basis of Scoring Safety Measures/
Mitigation Measures S P S × P
1.1 Dismantling of existing
structure Accident may
occur -2 2 -4
c=-2 for affecting work
performance,
P=2 as it might occur
safety signage and PPEs will be provided
1.2 Removal of vegetation Injury to worker
-1 2 -2
c=-1 for not affecting work performance,
P=2 as it might occur
PPEs will be provided
2.3 Heavy fabrication work including metal cutting (Gas cutting, welding)
Exposure of heat
-2 2 -4
c=-2 for affecting work
performance,
P=2 as it might occur
safety signage and PPEs will be provided
1.1 Loading and unloading of
products to/from ship Leakage or
spillage -1 2 -2
c=-1 for not affecting work performance,
P=2 as it might occur
Proper connection with the arms, proper earthing and safety measures provided
1.3 Loading and unloading of
products to/from Road tankers
Leakage or spillage
-1 2 -2
It will be within the site area so
c=-1 for not affecting work performance,
P=2 as it might occur
Paved flooring is provided and proper earthing and safety
measures provided to the tankers
1.4 Pumping / transfer of
products through pipelines
Leakage or spillage
-2 2 -4
C=2 as spillage may cause temporary
affecting work performance and P=2 as it might
occur
Leak detection System (SCADA
system may be put in use); Spill control plan is available
2.0 Storage of products
(chemicals) Possibility of
fire -2 2 -4
C=2 as spillage may cause temporary
affecting work performance and P=2 as it might
occur
Safety devises are provided
2.1
Start up and shut down of activities like
operation of Thermic Fluid Heater, D.G. set
Injury to worker
-2 2 -4
c=-2 for affecting work
performance,
P=2 as it might occur
safety signage and PPEs will be provided
S: Severity; P: Probability; S x P: Final Score
General Safety Measures
Considering the bitumen handled and stored at site; following safety measures will be provided at the site.
Requisite personnel protective equipment shall be provided. Instruction/ Notice to wear the same will be
displayed. Further, it will be insisted to use the same while at work.
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Regular monitoring of pipeline, welding joints etc.
ERP will be available at office and with responsible persons.
Regular training programme for safety awareness.
Provisions of First Aid Box and trained person in first aid.
Prohibition on eating, drinking or smoking at work-area.
Any leakage/spillage of oil shall be immediately attended.
Provision of adequate Fire Extinguishers at site and training will be imparted to the workers also.
Maintaining the Fire-Protection System adequately.
Provisions of immediate accident/incident reporting and investigation.
Instructions on Emergency/Disaster will be displayed.
Safety Posters and slogans will be exhibited at conspicuous places.
Arrangement of Periodical Training to workers and supervisors.
Work permit systems will be strictly followed
Safety Committee will be constituted and safety, health and environmental matters/issues will be discussed in
the meeting and enlighten the participants in these respect.
Mitigation Measures
Medical check-up would be carried out at regular intervals
During installation of storage tank proper care would be taken by ABPL, appropriate PPEs will be provided to
site workers and staff members
Hand gloves, covered face mask and gum shoes will be used as and when required
Acoustic enclosures will be provided to DG sets and other noise generating equipment
ABPL will develop and implement a spill management plan to prevent risk of spill.
4.4.8 Socio-Economics
Human settlements i.e. Kandla (CT) and Kharirohar (falls under Mithirohar Panchayat) is quiet far away from the
proposed site having the negligible impact. The construction and installation activities will surely generate
employment opportunities, both direct and indirect, for the local people. A number of skilled and unskilled workers
can be employed which generate direct or indirect employment and improves the standard of living of the project
affected people. Additional facilities such as medical, educational and infrastructural development will also take
place. The frequency of transportation will also increase which will directly affect the living conditions of the people
in the study area.
However, there are many illegal residents near the proposed site whose main occupation is fishing. As the proposed
site is on the Kandla Port Trust (KPT) land, the project will require that these illegal residents vacate the place. As
the encroachment is illegal, no resettlement, whatsoever, will be provided
Mitigation Measures
The project proponent will seek to provide better educational facilities in the project affected area and shall
equip the schools with furniture and technological aids that help in providing better education.
The project proponent will provide employment to the local people.
The project proponent will try to repair the existing poor road conditions in the area to facilitate the
transportation.
4.5 Marine Environment
4.5.1 Water
Likely impact scores on water environment are presented in Table 4-24.
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Table 4-24: Impact Scoring for Surface Water
S. No. Impacting
Activity
Impact Scoring Remarks
Severity, S Probability, P Final Score, S x P
C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6
A Construction Phase
1.1 Hydro-testing -2 2 -4 Low impact as temporary activity.
The generated waste will be stored in storage tank.
B Operation Phase
2.1
Loading and unloading of
products to/from ship
-2 3 6
Low impact.
Care shall be taken for leakage of waste to avoid run off
contamination.
2.2
Pumping / transfer of
products through pipelines
-2 1 -2 Minor Impact
2.3
Leakage or spillage of
Bitumen (at hose connection &
loading arm and sampling
-2 1 -2 Minor impact as spill control
measures will be in place in case of any leakage or spillage.
Mitigation Measures
Following mitigation measures will be implemented to reduce water related impacts:
Care shall be taken during loading/ unloading of material to avoid leakage and spillage of Chemicals.
Proper collection and storage facility will be provided at site to store liquid effluent and it will be sent to SEPPL,
TSDF facility for further treatment.
Regular maintenance of pipeline will be carried out to avoid leakage and spillage.
Hazardous Wastes will be properly handled in containers and properly stored in hazardous waste storage areas
as per rules and also bunding will be provided to avoid overflow of spillage waters which can contaminate the
surroundings.
4.5.2 Flora Fauna
Table 4-25: Impact Scoring – Ecology & Biodiversity
Code Impact
Impact Scoring
Significance Severity, S
Probability
P
Final Score
S x P
Pre-Construction Phase
1 Site specific disturbance to normal
faunal movement at site -2 4 -8 Less Significant
Operational Phase
2 Oil spillages on marine environment
due to unforeseen situations e.g. Vessel collision
-4 2 -8 Less Significant
Mitigation Measures
Looking towards the likely impacts following mitigation measures will be implemented in Table 4-26.
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Table 4-26: Suggested Mitigation Measures
Code Likely Impacts Mitigation Measures
C1 C2 C3
Pre Preparation Phase
1
Site specific disturbance to normal faunal movement at site.
No immediate action required because all species reported from project site are common and well
adapted to the routine urban activities.
Operational Phase
2 Oil spillages on marine environment due to unforeseen situations e.g. Vessel collision
Spillage control plan prepared by KPT will be implemented.
4.5.3 Noise and vibration
Construction Phase
Noise from Machinery/Equipment
During construction phase equipment like JCB, crane and dumper will be used for site preparation. The equipment
will be used during daytime and underwater sound pressure waves will be generated. Thus, there will be adverse
impact on fish behaviour. This is likely linked to the importance of sound to fish when they hunt for prey, avoid
predators and engage in social interaction.
Mitigation Measure
Heavy vehicles and machineries used for construction purpose will be well maintained so noise & vibration
generation will occur less. Also make sure to not to do work during night time to avoid noise generation annoyance
to marine life and terrestrial life.
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5 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM
5.1 Introduction
Based on the identified aspects from the proposed activities on air, noise, water, land, ecology and biodiversity and
socio-economic environment, scoring were done based on its severity and probability as discussed in Chapter 4.
Thus, monitoring program is required based on its consequence. The preliminary budgetary monitoring plans are as
discussed in this chapter. These EMPs are based on the technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of
mitigation measures (incl. Measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules,
emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules.
5.2 Objective of Monitoring
Main objective of environmental monitoring program is to:
Evaluate effectiveness of implementation of mitigation measures identified in Chapter 4.
Measure effectiveness of operational procedures
Confirm statutory and mandatory compliance
5.3 Environmental Monitoring Program
The post project monitoring is an equally important aspect in Environmental Management Plan. In order to verify
the outcome on the implemented mitigation measures and also to alter the proposed mitigation, the post project
monitoring becomes inevitable. Kadam Environmental Consultants can follow up its Environmental Assessment
study and extend suitably on required parameters as detailed in this Section. Environment monitoring plan is given
in Table 5-1. Water and sediment samples can be collected from at least 3 stations including core and buffer zone
as shown in Figure 3-5.
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Table 5-1: Environmental Monitoring Program
S. No. Activity Measurement Methodology
Frequency Location Data Analysis Reporting Schedule
Emergency Procedure
Detailed Budget
Terrestrial Environment
A Air Pollution Monitoring
1.
Ambient air monitoring of parameters
specified by GPCB in their air consents from time to time within the
project premises
IS 5182
& CPCB Guidelines Vol. 1 (Gravimetric Method)
Six monthly in a year
At Main Gate or Material gate
PM10, PM2.5, Sox, NOx Contractor -
150000 2.
Ambient air monitoring of parameters
specified by GPCB in their air consents from
time to time at stations outside the
project site
IS 5182 Six monthly in a
year At Main Gate or Material gate
PM10, PM2.5, Sox, NOx Contractor -
3.
Stack monitoring of DG set as given in air consent from time to
time
IS 5182 Six monthly in a
year At DG Set SOx, NOx Contractor
Regulator maintenance of equipment to be
done
B Noise Pollution Monitoring
4. Noise Generation due to operation of DG set
etc. IS 9989 : 1981
Six monthly in a year
At DG Set Noise Levels Contractor
Regulator maintenance of equipment to be
done
100000
C Water Pollution Monitoring
5
Monitoring of wastewater inlet and outlet at ETP plant for
the parameters specified by GPCB in their water consent from time to time
APHA : 23rd Edition Monthly when in
operation At ETP
DO, BOD, COD, pH, TDS, Oil & Grease, Ammonical nitrogen
Contractor - 100000
D Solid Waste Generation Monitoring
6. Records of generation of used drums and
Manual Daily At Waste
Storage Area Waste generation Site in-charge - 100000
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S. No. Activity Measurement Methodology
Frequency Location Data Analysis Reporting Schedule
Emergency Procedure
Detailed Budget
records of their dispatch to suppliers
for refilling
7. Records of generation of waste oils and their
treatment Manual Daily
At Waste Storage Area
Quantity of oil generated
Site in-charge -
8.
Records of generation, handling, storage, transportation and
disposal of other solid, aqueous and organic hazardous wastes as
required by hazardous waste authorization
Manual Daily At Waste
Storage Area Waste generation Site in-charge -
E Marine Monitoring
9. Analysis of water
samples APHA : 23rd Edition
Once every six months
Kandla Creek
pH, Temperature, BOD, DO, Ammonia, Nitrites,
Nitrates, Total Nitrogen, Salinity, Turbidity, Total
Suspended Solids, Potassium, Chlorides, Calcium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, Phenolic
compounds
Contractor - 150000
10. Analysis of Sediment
samples APHA : 23rd Edition
Once every six months
Kandla Creek
Texture, Total Phosphorus, Total Organic carbon,
Phenolic compounds, Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Mercury
Contractor - 150000
11.
To determine the composition and
distribution of major groups of fauna
Once in a year Kandla Creek Phytoplankton,
Zooplankton, Benthos, Fishery
Contractor - 200000
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S. No. Activity Measurement Methodology
Frequency Location Data Analysis Reporting Schedule
Emergency Procedure
Detailed Budget
12 Monitoring of
Mangroves in five stations
Once in a year Around Kandla
Creek Mangroves Contractor 200000
Total Budget 1150000
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5.3.1 Occupational Health Management Plan
Noise
Noise will be regularly monitored plant boundary for checking compliance against environmental noise parameters
as per CPCB norms. It will also be monitored near noise generating equipment to ensure that all noise generating
equipment do not emit noise in excess of the statutory norms.
All workmen will be provided with required set of PPEs like ear plug, ear muff etc. where noise levels in excess of
80 dB (A) are regularly generated.
Preventive maintenance of noise generating equipment shall be regularly carried out to ensure that noise levels are
minimized to the extent possible. To the extent feasible, equipment will be purchased considering noise generation
as one of the parameters.
Heat
The project does not envisage conditions that could lead to excess heating. Consequently, special requirements for
protection against heat stress are not anticipated. However, the following shall be carried out:
Ventilation shall be provided to take care of heat evacuation.
Drinking water availability shall be ensured at several locations within the plant to ensure workers have easy
access to the same.
In case of occasional handling of heated equipment or materials, suitable PPEs such as heat resistant gloves
will be used.
Dust, other Chemicals being suspended in the Environment
The possibility of suspended particles going into the body of the workmen, either in the form of inhalation,
ingestion or through skin absorption are least and negligible as because the entire operation at the plant will be
performed under closed loop condition, right from charging till discharging, hence it’s a rare possibility that the
workmen will come in direct contact with raw material or final goods.
At the same time the level of SPM and RPM will definitely be of least and nominal value. But even though the same
will be under closed monitoring and periodical surveillance as per EIA norms and applicable legislations and any
minor deviation from the same will be dealt immediately and will be corrected.
Further to this all of the workmen will be provided with complete set of appropriate PPEs, like nose musk / nose
respirator, gloves, helmet, protective uniform and clothing, eye protections etc.
Occupational Hazards Specific Pre-placement and Periodic Monitoring
As per policy and norms all of the workmen are put to medical examination and testing periodically and at set
interval and based on the medical report actions are taken, if at all anything is necessary and required. Even based
on the medical examination report/feedback, workmen are counselled and put in different area /job rotation kind of
activities.
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6 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
6.1 Numerical Modelling of Flow
6.1.1 Description of the Flow Model
The flow module of the Delft3d software solves the Navier stokes equations for an incompressible fluid, under the
shallow water and boussinesq assumptions. In the shallow water equation assumption, the depth is assumed to be
much smaller than the horizontal scales of flow and bathymetry. This assumption implies that the vertical
accelerations are negligible compared to the horizontal accelerations.
The shallow water equations which are the governing equations of the Delft3D model are given below:
– eq. 2.1
– eq. 2.2
– eq. 2.3
Where u, v, w are the velocity components in the x, y and vertical � directions respectively. � is water level above a
given datum, d is depth below the datum. Time is denoted by t. Corolis parameter is denoted by f. vv is the vertical
eddy viscosity.
In Delft-3D flow, the transport of matter and heat is modelled by an advection diffusion equation in three co-
ordinate system. Discharges and sink terms are modelled as sources and sinks. The transport equation is given
below:
- eq. 2.4
Where �� denotes first order decay process. S denotes the source and sink terms per unit area due to discharge or
withdrawal.
For the two-dimensional model, the 3 dimensional equations given in eq 2.1 – eq 2.3 reduce to
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Where U and V are depth averaged velocity components in two dimensions the bed stresses are given by:
,
In the present model study, the given discharge at site is introduced into the hydrodynamic model as source term
to study the transport and dispersion of the effluent.
6.1.2 Numerical model setup and Calibration
The tidal hydrodynamics model was setup using Delft3D hydro module on curvilinear grids. Nesting technique was
adopted wherein a small-scale grid with higher resolution is embedded in large scale model with lower resolution.
This methodology helps in reducing computational time without compromising on resolution in the area of interest.
Astronomical boundary conditions in the form of astronomical tide components were extracted from
TOPEX/Poseidon database and are applied on the boundaries of the large-scale grid covering the entire Gulf of
Kachchh and the offshore areas. Results from the large-scale model along boundary of the intermediate grid were
used as boundary conditions for the small-scale domain. The arrangement of the nested grids is shown in Figure
6-1.
The bathymetry for the large-scale domain and the locations of result extraction are given in Figure 6-2. The
bathymetry is with respect to chart datum is generated using digitised naval hydrographic charts covering Gulf of
Kachchh and Kandla creek. Maximum grid size in the large-scale model is around 1000m x 1000m at the entrance
of the Gulf of Kachchh to 600 m x 500 m near the Kandla creek. The grid size in the small-scale grid varies from
100 m x 60 m at the entrance to the Kandla creek to 25 m x 50 m in front of the vessel repair units.
Results were extracted from the model domain and are used for calibration of the model. Surface elevation
variation is extracted from Okha and Sikka in the model domain and the same are compared with the known tide at
each location. The established tidal variation for these locations was extracted from the IHO (International
Hydrographic organisation) database. The model parameters were adjusted until a good match is obtained with the
known tide at both the locations. The comparison between model predicted and known tide at both the locations is
given in Figure 6-3 and Figure 6-4. It was found that the model results were in good agreement with the site
conditions. Peak ebb and flood currents as predicted by the large-scale model are given in Figure 6-5 and Figure
6-6. The peak ebb current mid of Gulf of Kachchh is around 1.8 knots whereas peak flood current is in the order of
2.2 knots.
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Figure 6-1: Nested grids used in the study
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Figure 6-2: Bathymetry of the large scale model
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Figure 6-3: Comparison of observed and measured tides at Okha
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Figure 6-4: Comparison of observed and measured tides at Sikka
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Figure 6-5: Currents during flood tide in Gulf of Kachchh
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Figure 6-6: Currents during ebb tide in Gulf of Kachchh
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6.1.3 Hydrodynamics
This calibrated large-scale model is used for extracting boundary conditions for the small-scale model. The bathymetry and the extent of the small-scale domain is shown in
Figure 6-7. The tidal levels obtained from the model are compared with the tidal level variation at Kandla extracted from IHO database at location 626407.00m E,
2544051.00m N (UTM) and is shown in Figure 6-8. The results show a very good agreement between established tide and the model predicted levels. Hence it can be
concluded that the model is calibrated satisfactorily.
Variation of current magnitude was extracted near the area of interest in the creek and the same is given in Figure 6-9. The results show that the current magnitude during
the flood current is around 0.9 m/sec and the same during the ebb current is around 0.8 m/sec. The currents as predicted by the model over the entire creek are given during
the flood tide, ebb tide and high water are given in Figure 6-10, Figure 6-11 and Figure 6-12 respectively. The direction of the flood and ebb currents are aligned along
the creek in the North and South Directions. The current magnitude at the entrance of the creek is of higher magnitude when to that of inside the creek. There is eddy like
formation on the western edge of the creek entry during the flood tide and the velocity of the flow through the eastern face of the creek reaches a maximum of around
2m/sec. During the ebb tide, the flow is more aligned along the channel without any eddy formation and the magnitude is around 1m/sec.
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Figure 6-7: Bathymetry used for small scale model
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Figure 6-8: Comparison between published and model predicted tidal levels in Kandla creek
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Figure 6-9: Variation of current magnitude near the area of interest in Kandla creek
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Figure 6-10: Currents during flood tide in Kandla creek
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Figure 6-11: Currents during ebb tide in Kandla creek
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Figure 6-12: Currents during high tide in Kandla creek
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6.1.4 Bitumen Spill
Bitumen is proposed to be transported from the ship to the terminal using a pipeline of diameter 300mm. The bitumen temperature when getting transported from ship to
shore is kept at 120 °C. The bitumen is proposed to be pumped with a pressure 12 kg/cm2. The spill simulations were generated assuming the worst-case scenario of the pipe
getting unhooked from the ship and is spilling into the sea unchecked. The maximum duration of this unchecked spill is assumed to continue for a maximum period of 15
minutes before the valve gets closed. This modelling exercise attempts to study the extent of the dispersion of the above quantum of the bitumen spilled into the sea.
Bitumen Dispersion
Delft3D particle module is used to study the extent of the spread of the plume and resulting variation in the concentrations in the creek. This particle tracking module
simulates the movement and spread of the bitumen plume under the influence of hydrodynamics simulated for the creek.
The properties of the bitumen are taken as follows
Density of liquid bitumen – 1000 kg/m3
Kinematic viscosity – 350 cSt
Emulsification and evaporation of the bitumen is not considered in the simulation so that the results are on the conservative side
Stickiness probability i.e. the probability of the bitumen remaining struck to the bed soil once it touches soil, is kept at 0.5. This implies that for 50 percent of time the
bitumen struck to the soil is again back into suspension.
The results from the simulation are given in figures below.
The results show that the amount at the end of the spill event the concentrations of bitumen rise to around 500 kg/m2 at the point of spill, but the maximum concentrations
are restricted to within 50 meters from the point of spill.
At the end of one hour the maximum concentration of the oil slick is around 40 kg/m2 and extent of these concentrations is restricted to a width of 110 m and length of
around 250 m.
At the end of 5 hours, the slick disperses much more in size with intermittent spikes in concentration and maximum concentrations within the slick is reduced to 8 kg/m2. The
spread of the slick increases to 1500 meter in length and 410 m in width.
At the end of 24 hours, the slick is disintegrated and spreads all along the creek with the concentrations reduced to 3 to 4 kg/m2 at intermittent points.
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Figure 6-13: Bitumen oil concentrations just after the spill event (15 mins)
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Figure 6-14: Bitumen oil concentrations one hour after the spill event
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Figure 6-15: Bitumen oil concentrations 5 hours after the spill event
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Figure 6-16: Bitumen oil concentrations 10 hours after the spill event
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Figure 6-17: Bitumen oil concentrations 24 hours after the spill event
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Temperature dispersion
In addition, temperature variation in the creek due to the hot bitumen is also simulated using Delft3D Hydro
module wherein the excess temperature due to bitumen is introduced as a conservative variable into the model and
the variation of temperature in the model is studied for the duration of the simulation. The amount of heat lost to
atmosphere is not considered in the model so that the results will be on the conservative side. The ambient
temperature of the sea is taken as 27 °C.
The results from the study are given below. The Figure 6-13 to Figure 6-17 give the resultant variation of
temperature due to the spill. The results show that the amount of spill considered causes a temperature rise of 1.5
°C at the point of spill in the sea water. Within 15 minutes after the end of the spill event the temperature rise
reduces to 0.25 °C above ambient and is restricted to an area of 300 m radius. At the end of one hour after the
spill event, the rise in temperature further falls to just 0.1 °C above ambient in the sea water and the 0.25 °C rise is
restricted to the shoreline along the oil jetties. At the end of 7 hours i.e. after a tidal reversal the temperature rise
becomes negligible in all the areas surrounding the jetty and the creek.
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Figure 6-18: Variation of temperature at the end of the spill event
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Figure 6-19: Temperature change 15 minutes after the end of spill event
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Figure 6-20: Variation of temperature one hour after the event
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Figure 6-21: Variation in temperature two hours after the spill
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Figure 6-22: Variation in temperature seven hours after the spill
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Conclusion
Studies were conducted for spill scenario of the unhooking of pipeline during pumping of bitumen between ship
and the terminal. The spill is expected to last for 15 minutes and this implies that the ship is equipped with ESD
(emergency shutdown system).
The results show that for the above devised spill scenario, the maximum concentrations in the slick can be
around 250 kg/m2 near the spill within the duration of the spill.
The slick size further grows to a width of 100 meters by 200 meters in one hour with maximum concentrations
of 40 kg/m2. This slick further grows to 1500 meters by 400 meters width, at the end of 5 hours after the spill
and the maximum concentrations reach about 8 kg/m2.
Thereafter at the end of 24 hours, the slick is disintegrated into number of small slicks and the maximum
concentrations of some of these slicks reach 5 kg/m2.
At the end of the day, the results show that there is some deposit of the bitumen happening coastline behind
the oil jetties.
The results show the efforts launched in the first hour after the spill are going to be most effective in
containing the spread of the spill and removal of the oil slick from the sea surface.
The temperature increase due to the bitumen spill reaches a maximum of 1.5 °C above ambient in the vicinity
of the spill and the same reduces to around 0.1 °C in the creek at the end of 7 hours after the spill event.
6.2 Health, Safety and Environment of Bitumen
6.2.1 General Issues
Bitumen is traditionally regarded as a “safe” product when handled properly
Bitumen is relatively inert under ambient conditions
Low volatility
Very low water solubility
Highly durable
Bitumen is delivered & handled hot
Risk of burns
There is regular scrutiny of
Health Aspects
Environmental Aspects
6.2.2 Hazards Associated with Hot Bitumen
High handling temperatures
Vapour emissions
Combustible nature
Water contact
Pressure discharge
6.2.3 Health Awareness
Skin Burns
Hot bitumen is sticky
Bitumen is stored and delivered at temperatures above 150ºC (much hotter than boiling water).
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Bitumen burns can cause severe damage to eyes and skin.
Required PPE
Personal Protective Equipment must be worn when handling hot liquid product
Protective Clothing & Equipment:
High Visibility Coverall
Gauntlet Gloves
Head Protection
Neck/ Face Protection
Protective Footwear (Rigger Boot Style)
First Aid
HOT BITUMEN
Cool burn (water showers)
Leave bitumen in place
Do not bandage
Call assistance
Skin Contact with Cold Bitumen
Intimate and prolonged skin contact with bitumen and emulsions should be avoided
Appropriate systems of work and PPE should be provided where intimate contact may occur
Cold Bitumen
Clean/wash skin
Remove contaminated clothing
Eye wash
Medical check
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Bitumen Fumes
Keep handling temperatures down:
When heated, bitumen gives off fumes
Fumes contain particulates, hydrocarbons, H2S
The amount of fume depends on temperature
Bitumen fumes can cause irritation to the respiratory system
Occupational Exposure Limits are in place: UK OEL: 5 mg/m3 (8 hr Time Weighted Average) 10 mg/m3 (15 min
Short Term Exposure)
Hydrogen Sulphide
Under normal circumstances of bitumen use, Hydrogen Sulphide does not pose a problem
However,
H2S can concentrate in confined spaces of bitumen storage tanks - Lethal concentrations can occur
The familiar smell of ‘bad eggs’ cannot be relied upon as a warning - Sense of smell can be deadened below
hazardous concentration
Exposure to low levels of H2S can cause irritation to nose & throat
Areas around dip hatches and vents should be regarded as hazardous areas
Systems of work should take account of potential presence of H2S, and monitors should be worn as appropriate
First Aid
Bitumen Fumes - Health Aspects
Bitumen fume does contain small quantities of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon compounds
The bitumen industry continues to pay much attention to working conditions and supports the use of good
working practices, including temperature control
Exposure levels should be kept to a minimum to avoid irritation effects for workers handling hot bitumen
The industry supports ongoing studies which help give reassurance of the lack of long term health effects for
bitumen workers
Bitumen Storage – Operations
Labelling Tanks & Fill-Pipes - Tanks/valves must be clearly marked, to avoid cross-loading.
Product Temperature Control - Maximum working temp should be specified per grade, to avoid flammable
atmospheres & product hardening.
Tank Level Gauging - An adequate and reliable means to gauge tank contents, to prevent spillages.
High Level Alarms - A high level alarm (HLA) and an independent high high level alarm (HHLA) system is
needed, to prevent spillages.
Avoiding ‘Boil-over’ - Water ingress must be avoided, to avoid violent foaming or the risk of ‘boil-over’.
Vent Pipes - Overflow & vent pipes must be carefully located, and kept clear, to avoid risk to personnel or
vehicles.
Access to Tank Tops
Should be avoided as far as is reasonably practicable.
Safe access must be provided
Bitumen Storage – Inspection
Regular inspection programme of storage facilities should be in place, and the results logged.
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General
Make regular external inspections of tank wall fittings.
Keep comprehensive records of all inspections.
Thermal Insulation (lagging)
In vulnerable areas lagging should be non-absorbent, and sealed to avoid risk of auto-ignition.
Carefully remove in vulnerable areas for corrosion checks.
Replace when there are signs of oil impregnation.
Breather Vents - Vents & pressure relief valves are susceptible to fouling, and in extreme cases complete
blockage.
Heating Coils - Integrity checks on steam and hot oil heating coils.
Prevention of Fire in Bitumen Storage
Flammable situations can occur;
When Bitumen Vapor and Air Reach Certain Proportions
Between 1% and 8% air mixture, in tank vapor spaces or vent/fill pipes. Good house-keeping is essential. - Keep
area around storage tanks clear of combustible materials: rubbish/weeds etc.
With Change in Conditions in The Tank
Dramatic changes in temp, or increase in air flow can create a flammable situation. It is imperative to:
Keep to suppliers recommended storage temperature.
Keep any source of ignition (e.g. hot work) clear of vents or fill pipes
Bitumen can Auto-Ignite
Porous Material Impregnated With Bitumen
Porous material such as tank insulation, can auto-ignite at 100ºC Main cause is leaking gland seals on pumps
Pump maintenance is critical.
Pyrophoric Deposits
Deposits build up over many years, and hang down like stalactites from tank roof.
The tank must be removed from service on a planned basis and cleaned out.
Bitumen Fire Fighting
First Rule: Do Not Put Yourself at Risk
Small fires may be tackled with a hand held fire extinguisher, BUT only if you have had the necessary training.
Call the fire brigade
Unless you are totally sure that the fire is out, and remember the fire may still be burning inside the tank.
Regular exercises with the Fire Brigade are recommended.
Never Open the Manhole Lid
Never open the manhole lid during or after a fire as this will increase the air flow to the fire, or re-ignite any
bitumen which is at excessive temperature.
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Never Tackle a Bitumen Fire with Water
Never use a water hose or extinguisher on a bitumen fire, this could lead to a rapid expansion of the fire.
At least one 6kg dry powder extinguisher must be positioned in discharge area.
Develop an Emergency Plan
Develop an on-site emergency plan.
In the event of a major fire, although the fire brigade will fight the fire, plant equipment and materials may be
used to build bund areas or diversion walls
6.3 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
6.3.1 Introduction
The On-site Disaster Management Plan is prepared with the objective of defining the functions and responsibilities
of all concerned managerial, operational and supporting services department personnel with respect to detection
and effective implementation of action plan and is integrated with the Disaster Management Plan of Chennai port
Trust. The ultimate goal is the effective containment of the situation by proper mitigative action at the place of
occurrence, cautioning people in adjoining affected localities, prompt rescue and medical aid to affected persons
and communication to civil authorities for rushing in help from outside.
6.3.2 Emergency Preparedness Plan
Objectives of the Emergency Plan
The following are the objectives of the On-site Emergency control plan - Minimizing the risk and impact of event -
Rapid control and containment of the hazard - Effective evacuation of the affected persons property and prevention
of damage to the
Each employee should study the approved On-Site emergency control plan very carefully and scrupulously to carry
out the instruction set forth. The main controller, the incident controller and the safety officer with the help of the
Emergency squad will be responsible for the effective execution of the On- Site emergency plan.
Identification of Emergencies
Due to the large volumes of storage tanks, liquid spillage and the high transfer rates at many unloading points, the
emergency scenarios envisaged require initial action to stop the transfer operation in a quick, safe and controlled
manner.
Failure Scenario of Product Spillage:
Failure of active shutdown system.
Partial closure or total failure of isolation values
Failure of instrumentation
Accidental activation of ERC (Emergency Release coupling)
Oil leakage from flanges o Increased transfer pressure/volume
Failure of all passive devices o other unwanted Events.
Emergencies anticipated at the Terminal Rough weather emergency
1. In case of cyclonic storm approaching the area, prior warning will be received which must be sighted by the
manager (Terminal) or his designated officer.
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2. It is strongly suggested that specific weather report prepared by IMD should be obtained on payment of fees
as this is more accurate than general report and will give better service.
3. Three stages of operation control shall be followed.
Green status: This status applies when weather is good. Operations can go on smoothly as planned.
Yellow status: This is an alert stage when rough weather is expected or may be expected, hence alert must
be maintained with all precautions with emergency status but operations can routine.
Red status: Emergency situation — operations suspended.
All activities to be controlled by the manager (Terminal)
Fire in the Terminal
In case of fire in the terminal, the alarm shall be sounded and informed to the firefighting staff to fight fire.
Ship shall be pulled off in similar manner as stated above.
The plant firefighting equipment i.e. fire extinguishers and etc. recommended by CPT fire safety shall be
pressed in to service.
All the electric power, except for emergency lighting to be switched off to avoid electrocution.
Duties of Different Personal
Security
Security department shall sound audio emergency alarm. On-site emergency control plan could have carious types
of warning through hooters/sirens with local and indication in control room, depending on the location of the
emergency as specified below:
For an accident within the berth
Hooter - short, intermittent. After sounding the hooter, the message should be sent to the main gate/ radio room to
put them on the alert.
Second Level Warning
When the main controller perceives the affected area to be the entire installation but can be confined within port
limits. Siren- Wailing long and short intermittent siren.
Third level warning
When the main controller considers the accident would assume off-site implication. Siren - Wailing short and short
intermittent sire.
Main Controller
He will be overall in charge of the situation. His task will be to co-ordinate all internal and external activities from
the emergency control room at the main gate / radio from where all operations will be directed. He shall,
Relive the incident controller form responsibility of the main controller.
Co-ordinate to avail services from external agencies like police, fire brigade, hospital, etc., if called for,
following the declaration of major emergency. If necessary, major installation in the vicinity may also be
informed of situation.
Arrange to appraise the control room of the emergency situation.
Exercise direct operational control of the unaffected section of the port area.
In consultation with the incident controller, expedite the shutting down loading / unloading operations at the
terminal.
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Ensure that all the employees are evacuated from the affected area and the casualties, if any, are given
necessary medical attention. Instructed security and transport department for rushing causalities to hospitals, if
required.
Liaise with fire and police officials, Pollution Control Board and other statutory bodies and advise them of all
possible consequent effect outside the terminal premises.
Arrange for obtaining the count of all the personnel with in the terminal and the individual agencies.
Arrange for relief of personnel when emergency is prolonged.
Issued authorized statement or press release to the news media.
Ensure preservation of evidence for enquires to the conducted by statutory authorities.
Authorize the sounding of the “all Clear” siren, which will be one continuous long siren for a minute.
Emergency Control Centres
This will be situated at the main gate of the depot/radio room. Alternate ECC should be decided upon the layout of
the depot is finally frozen. The emergency control centre shall be equipped with the following facilities.
1. A copy of on-site emergency plan
2. Master plan of the terminal and 7 km surrounding area
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7 PROJECT BENEFITS
7.1 Improvements in the physical infrastructure
There will be increase in some small scale businesses like tea stall, catering services, truck cleaning facilities etc.
around the project area.
7.2 Improvements in the social infrastructure
Providing employment to local villagers.
7.3 Employment potential – skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled
During the construction phase, temporary employment will be created for ~20 local skilled and semi-skilled
workers.
The positive impacts include enhanced indirect employment opportunities for transporters of raw materials.
Increasing other business opportunities for local people as there will be scope of hiring vehicle like tractors &
trolleys, bulldozers, JCB, excavators during construction and operation phase of the project
7.4 General Benefits
Bitumen Storage Tank will be set up on KPT allotted plot, hence no displacement of people is required.
Good Techno-commercial viability of Bitumen product related industries & in Road Project.
Around the project site semi-skilled and unskilled workmen are expected to be available from local population
in these areas to meet the manpower requirement during construction and Operational phase.
Secondary employment will also be generated thereby benefiting locals.
Infrastructural facilities, like road up gradation, electricity line extension, water line extension will be improved
due to the project. Improve in Import and Export Business
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8 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
8.1 Introduction
The EIA study for the proposed project has identified impacts that are likely to arise during different phases of the
project. The study has also examined the extent to which the adverse impacts identified can be controlled through
the adoption of mitigation measures. The Environment Management Plan describes both generic good practice
measures and site-specific measures, the implementation of which is aimed at mitigating potential impacts
associated with the proposed activities.
8.2 Purpose of EMP
The environment management plan is prepared with a view to facilitate effective environmental management of the
project, in general and implementation of the mitigation measures in particular. The EMP provides a delivery
mechanism to address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards of good practice to be adopted for all
project works. For each stage of the programme, the EMP lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of
every potential biophysical and socio-economic impact identified in the EIA. For each impact or operation, which
could otherwise give rise to impact, the following information is presented:
Role of Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. and its contractors;
A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. will implement;
The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of the action;
The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of mitigation are fully met.
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8.3 Environmental Management Plans
8.3.1 Air Quality
The Environment Management Plan focusing on air related impacts due to the project are listed in Table 8-1.
Table 8-1: Environment Management Plan – Air Environment
Objective To ensure that the air emission during site preparation, Construction and Operation phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize
its effect
Concerned Activity
Development of access road to site, Levelling/Filling of the earth material, Vehicle movement for transportation of materials and equipment, Welding and fabrication work, Generation of pollutant due to diesel Generator and Thermic Fluid Heater
Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of air quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community
Impacting Activities
Mitigation measures and
Rationale
Implementation Monitoring and Management
Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records Remarks
Construction Phase & Operation Phase
Vehicle movement for transportation of
materials and equipment
Water spraying will be done on the access roads to
control re-entrained dust during dry
season
At site at the time of
preparation of site Contractor
Random check by Proponent
Frequency of water spraying
Temporary during construction phase
only
Excavation work
Water spraying will be done on the access roads to
control re-entrained dust during dry
season
At Site at the time of
preparation of site Contractor
Random check by Proponent
Frequency of water spraying
Temporary during construction phase
only
Welding of pipeline joints
Provision of mask and other safety
appliances At site During welding Contractor
Random check by Proponent
record of availability of safety appliances
and its uses
Temporary during construction phase
only
Final Site cleaning Provision of mask
and safety appliances
At Site Proponent Periodic
maintainance records
Long-term and Permanent during operation phase
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Objective To ensure that the air emission during site preparation, Construction and Operation phase is properly managed and mitigated to minimize
its effect
Concerned Activity
Development of access road to site, Levelling/Filling of the earth material, Vehicle movement for transportation of materials and equipment, Welding and fabrication work, Generation of pollutant due to diesel Generator and Thermic Fluid Heater
Benefits of EMP Reduce deterioration of air quality in and around the site, and in turn protecting health of workers and surrounding community
Impacting Activities
Mitigation measures and
Rationale
Implementation Monitoring and Management
Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records Remarks
Operation of DG Set D.G set will be
properly maintained At site
During the operation of DG set
Proponent
DG set – Flue gas analysis and
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring by
authorized laboratory in and around the site
Air Quality Monitoring Results
Long-term and Permanent during operation phase
Operation of Thermic Fluid
Heater
Ash collection system will be
provided & TFH will be properly maintained
At Site During operation of
Thermic Fluid Heater
Proponent
TFH – Flue gas analysis and
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring by
authorized laboratory in and around the site
Air Quality Monitoring Results
Long-term and Permanent during operation phase
Operation of Thermic Fluid
Heater
Proper storage area for coal Handling
At Site During operation of
Thermic Fluid Heater
Proponent
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring nearby storage area by
authorized laboratory in and around the site
Air Quality Monitoring Results
Long-term and Permanent during operation phase
Vehicle movement for transportation of
material
Type of vehicle with proper PUC
mechanism At site
At the time of Material loading during operation
phase
Proponent Random check by
Proponent
Long-term and Permanent during operation phase
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8.3.2 Land and Soil
The Environment Management Plan focusing on land use and land cover related impacts due to the project are listed in Table 8-2.
Table 8-2: Environment Management Plan for Land use and Land cover
Objective To ensure that negative impacts on land use and land cover are minimized
Concern Land use/ land cover at site will change from unused scrub land to built up land
Benefit of EMP Impacts on land use due to project will be minimized
Impacting Activities
Mitigation Measures and Actions Implementation and Management
Remarks Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records
Removal of vegetation
Greenbelt will be developed At site For the
duration of construction
Site engineer Random checks
by Site supervisor
Periodic records in form of
photographs
8.3.3 Biological Environment
The environmental management plan is as given below in Table 8-3
Table 8-3: Environment Management Plan for Biological Environment
Objective To ensure that damage to existing flora - fauna due to the construction phase
Concern Construction of plotting scheme and its use by occupants
Benefit of EMP Improvement of habitat and urban biodiversity status (specially small mammals and birds)
Impacting Activities Mitigation
Measures and Rationale
Implementation and Management Remarks
Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records
Clearance of Vegetation Green belt
development
At site For the duration of
pre preparation phase Site Engineer Site Supervisor
Records in form of Photo documentation
-
Transportation of Raw Materials and Products
At site For the duration of
construction Site Engineer Site Supervisor
Records in form of Photo documentation
-
Green Belt Management Plan
The proposed project is under notified port, it is not mandatory for the project proponents to develop greenbelt. However, for improvement of environment greenbelt
development will be implemented.
Depending upon the topo-climatological conditions and regional ecological status, selection of the appropriate plant species shall be made. The various criteria
adopted for selecting the species for greenbelt development are:
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Plant should be fast growing
Preferably perennial and evergreen
Indigenous
Resistant to NOx and dust pollution and
Should maintain the ecological and hydrological balance of the region
The general consideration involved while developing the greenbelt are
Trees growing up to 10 m or above in height with perennial foliage should be planted around the proposed project.
Planting of trees should be undertaken in appropriate encircling rows around the project site.
Trees should also be planted along the road side in such a way that there is no direct sight to inside premises and regasification plant when viewed from a
point outside the foliage perimeter.
Generally fast growing trees should be planted.
Taking into consideration the above parameters, the greenbelt development plan has been evolved for proposed site to reduce the pollution levels to the maximum
possible extent. The proposed green belt is depicted in Table 8-4.
The maintenance of the plantation area will also be done by the project proponents. The cost of plantation is depicted in Table 8-6. The species recommended for
greenbelt development are listed in Table 8-4.
Table 8-4: Recommended species for Greenbelt Development
Serial No. Common name Botanical name
1 Caster Riccinus communis
2 Sadabahar Ipomees sp.
3 Bogunvilea Bogunvilea spectabilis
4 Amaltas Cassia fistula
5 Neem Azadirachta indica
6 Jamun Syzygium cuminii
7 Jangal Jelbi Pithecelobium dulce
8 Khajoor Phoenix sylvestis
Roadside Plantation
Roadside plantation plays a very important role for greening the area, increasing the shady area, increasing aesthetic value and for eco-development of the area. The
approach roads to project site can be planted with flowering trees. Project proponent should encourage plantation outside the plant boundary.
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Adequate care should be taken to encourage greenbelt development on the road side, however to uplift the regional ecosystem of the area by greenbelt
development, all the voluntary organizations should take initiative to encourage massive plantation along the roadside. Trees can be planted to increase aesthetic
value as well as shady area along the roads. The selected plant species are mentioned in for roadside plantation.
Table 8-5: Recommended species for road side plantation
Serial No. Plant species
1 Cacia dealbata
2 Pterocarpus dalbergioides
3 Bombax ceiba
4 Casuarina sp.
5 Delonix regia
6 Magnolia grandiflora
7 Peltophorum pterocarpum
8 Pterocarpus dalbergioides
9 Bauhinia acuminate
Budget
A budgetary cost prepared for green belt development as shown in Table 8-6.
Table 8-6: Costing for green belt development
Sr. No. Items Estimated Rate (Rs) Quantity Approximate Cost (Rs)
Cost for green belt development
1 Soil filling 1000/truck 5 5,000
2 Soil dressing 14/m3 113 1,575
3 Tree plantation 100/tree 1000 1,00,000
5 Ground cover (assuming 10% of total green
belt area) 70/sq m 23 1,575
6 Irrigation 172/m 1,677 288444
Capital Cost 3,96,594
Cost for running/maintenance of green belt (manure, pesticide, herbicide and other maintenance costs)
1 Trees 21/tree 1000 21,000
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Sr. No. Items Estimated Rate (Rs) Quantity Approximate Cost (Rs)
Cost for green belt development
2 Ground cover 35/sq m 22.5 788
3 Irrigation - - 60,000
Total recurring cost per annum 81,788
8.3.4 Water Environment
The Environment Management Plan focusing on water related impacts due to the project are listed in Table 8-7.
Table 8-7: Environment Management Plan for Water
Objective To reduce surface water pollution
Concern Pollution to surface water
Benefit of EMP Surface water quality will not be impacted by the proposed activity
Impacting Activities
Mitigation Measures and Rationale
Implementation and Management Remarks
Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records
Wastewater generation,
treatment and disposal
Wastewater generated from the entire unit shall
be collected in collection/septic tank
and send to authorized wastewater treatment facility at SEPPL for further treatment.
Care shall be taken for leakage of wastewater during transportation of
liquid waste from project site to SEPPL
site by tanker.
At Site All time Site EHS -
Records of wastewater generation and discharge quantity to be maintained.
8.3.5 Solid & Hazardous Waste
The Environment Management Plan focusing on Solid & Hazardous waste related impacts due to the project are listed in Table 8-8.
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Table 8-8: Environment Management Plan for Solid & Hazardous Waste
Objective To reduce surface water pollution
Concern Pollution to surface water
Benefit of EMP Surface water quality will not be impacted by the proposed activity
Impacting Activities
Mitigation Measures and Rationale
Implementation and Management Remarks
Location Timing Responsibility Monitoring Records
Hazardous waste Management and
Disposal
Hazardous waste shall be segregated at source and stored in hazardous
waste storage area.
Proper area shall be demarcated for the
storage of hazardous waste facilitate with
impervious flooring and bunding to avoid leakage problem.
Minimum three months storage shall be
proposed to store hazardous waste as
during monsoon season waste cannot be dumped at TSDF.
C & D waste shall be used for filling of low lying areas and other
scrap/metal waste shall be reused for structural
work wherever is required. The surplus scrap material shall be
sold out.
PPE’s shall be mandatory wile handling
the hazardous waste during loading &
unloading of wastes.
At Site All time Site EHS
Periodic Workplace
monitoring shall be carried out
Records of hazardous waste generation and disposal quantity to be
maintained.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 202
8.3.6 Socio-Economic
It is the commitment of the project proponent that it will spends Rs. 25 Lakhs in the breakup of 5 years. The activities may be taken up as per the priority of
requirement of the surrounding areas settlement/habitation/villages. The various CSR activities planned to be carried out by Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd are as below:
Table 8-9: Environment Management Plan for Socio-Economic
Sr. No. Particulars Activities Total Annual Expenditure (in Lakhs)
2018-2019 2019-2020 2020-2021 2021-2022 2022-2023
1 Education
Training to Teachers in Skill Development
Books, Tools and Equipments for use
Anganwadi Supervisors Training
School Infrastructure Enhancement
Provide facilities for Children in School Premises
Computer Installation and Training
100000 100000 100000 100000 100000
2 Health &
Environment
Arrangement of fortnightly Health Check-up Camps
Community Health Management 100000 100000 100000 100000 100000
3 Sanitation & Water
Supply
Provision of sanitation facilities like toilets & bathroom
Technical support in establishing the protected water supply systems
Training to villagers for minor repairs and maintenance or water supply systems
Development of drainage systems
Plantation of trees around soak pits to help to leach excess water and keep the pits dry
Cleanliness drives to be carried out
200000 200000 200000 200000 200000
4 Youth Skill
Development
Semi-skilled training programs to equip the youth with skill such as Electrical, Masonry, Plumbing, Carpentry, Welding etc.
Training to village youth for rural marketing of products
50000 50000 50000 50000 50000
5 Women
Empowerment
Training in making local craft items, tailoring, embroidery, health care workers
Training in Animal Husbandry
Provision of smokeless Chullah
50000 50000 50000 50000 50000
Total Amount 500000 500000 500000 500000 500000
Total Amount Allocated Rs. 25 Lakhs (Break up of 5 Years)
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 203
9 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The executive summary summarizes the findings of the EIA study undertaken in accordance with the EIA
guidelines. The summary is intended to provide an overview of the key environmental issues and also list the
measures recommended to attenuate the impacts and manage the mitigating measures.
9.1 Project Description
9.1.1 About Project Proponent
Aadesh Brine Private Limited is a Private company incorporated on 31st December 2012. It is classified as Non-
government Company and is registered at Registrar of Companies, Ahmedabad.
Aadesh Brine Pvt Ltd is setting up a Bitumen Storage Terminal in Kandla. Bitumen is a binder material for Asphalt
mix. India Govt. and State Govt. of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan has many proposals to improve &
construct Road Network. Most of ongoing and upcoming road projects are of bituminous road which cause huge
demand of Bitumen and demand is higher than its supply. Based on local demand, strategic location and land
availability Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. taking opportunity to construct Bitumen Storage & Handling Terminal at Kandla
Port. In the year 2016, Kandla Port Trust allotted a piece of plot to Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd by E-Tender Notice for the
purpose of “Storage & Handling of Bitumen”.
9.1.2 Proposed Project
It is a Greenfield project, Site has existing storage tank which was previously used for Ballast water and now is
unused, and same will be dismantled. The plot area is 2795 sqm. The plot has given on Lease by Kandla Port Trust.
9.1.3 Location of the Project
The site is located near Oil jetty 1 of Kandla Port Trust at approximate Latitude 23° 01' 39.77" N and Longitude 70°
13' 10.08" E in Gandhidham Taluka, Kachchh District, Gujarat.
9.1.4 Project Cost
Total estimated cost of Project is INR Rs. ~15 Crores.
9.1.5 Utilities
Table 9-1: List of Utilities
S. No. Utilities Unit Quantity Source
1 Power KV 475 Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited (PGVCL)
2 Water KLD 5.2 Tanker
3
Manpower
Construction
Operation
Nos. ~20 Local people
9.1.6 Process Description
Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. (ABPL) will import Bitumen which will be received by Ship at oil Jetty 1. From Jetty it will be
transferred to storage tanks through pipeline. ABPL will transfer Bitumen through Jetty and by road tankers in India
as per market demand. Aadesh Brine will not carry out any manufacturing activity.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 204
Inside Terminal, facility proposed Storage Tanks, Pipelines, Thermic Fluid (TF) Heater, Pumps, Electrical Power
Plant, Truck Loading Platform, Air Compressor and Weigh Bridge. Outside terminal facility proposed 300 mm dia
Pipeline from Jetty.
Philosophy of Terminal is:
A. Receiving of Bitumen from Ship to Terminal through Jetty Pipeline
B. Heating Jetty Pipeline just before receiving of Bitumen from ship
C. Storing of Bitumen in Main Storage Tank
D. Transfer Bitumen from Main Storage Tank to Day Tank
E. Heating of Bitumen in Storage Tank
F. Heating of Internal Pipeline
G. Delivery of Bitumen from Day Tank to Truck & Main Tank to Ships.
Details
1. Vertical MS Tank of 18 m dia. & 20 m height (1 No.), 17 m dia. & 20 m height (2 nos), 8 m dia. & 12 m height
(2 nos) with Insulation.
Total capacity = 1 x 5091 + 2 x 4541 + 2 x 603 = 15,379 MT
2. 120 cum/hr cap. Pump for delivery Bitumen from Tank to Truck Loading Platform x 2 Nos.
3. 500 cum/hr cap. Pump for delivery Bitumen from Tank to Ship x 1 No.
4. 300 mm dia Pipeline with Insulation from Jetty to Terminal for receiving Bitumen from Ship, 500 m long.
5. 200 mm dia. Pipeline with Insulation from Tank to Pump & then pump to Truck Loading Platform, 250 m long.
6. Both Jetty Pipeline & Terminal Pipeline, all Pumps, Tank bottom shall be heated by heater by TF Heating coil.
7. Bitumen receiving Temperature from ships shall be 110-120 deg. C.
8. Bitumen delivery Temperature from Tanks shall be 140-150 deg. C.
9. 2 Nos Tank of 603 MT cap. shall be handle for day loading, once day Tanks are empty, Bitumen shall be
circulate from main Tank to day Tank. That means day Tank (2 nos 603 MT cap. Tank) Temperature shall
maintained at 140-150 deg. C all time. Other 3 nos main Tank Temperature shall be maintained at 120 deg. C.
10. While Bitumen Receiving from Ships or Delivery to Ships, Jetty Pipeline shall also be heated 2 days before ships
arrival.
11. Terminal Pipeline heating shall maintain all time.
12. Imported Coal is available locally. Based on imported coal, a Coal Fired Thermic Fluid Heater proposed to
maintain Bitumen Temperature and Pipeline Temperature. A flow diagram is shown below to understand
complete philosophy of operation.
A flow diagram is shown below to understand complete philosophy of operation.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 205
Process Flow Diagram
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 206
9.1.7 Storage Details
S. No. Type of Tank Chemicals to
be Stored Tanks
Storage Capacity in
KL
Maximum Quantity to be stored in
KL
Tank Height
( m)
Tank Dia (m)
Temperature (°C)
Pressure (bar)
Dyke/Bund area (m2)
Dyke/Bund Height (m)
1. Vertical MS
Cylindrical Welded Fixed Roof Tank
Bitumen
Tank No.1 4541 4500 20 17 120 2 NA 1.2
Tank No.2 4541 4500 20 17 120 2 NA 1.2
Tank No.3 5091 5000 20 18 120 2 NA 1.2
Tank No.4 603 600 12 8 160 1.2 NA 1.2
Tank No.5 603 600 12 8 160 1.2 NA 1.2
Total 15379 15200 - - - - - -
9.1.8 Pipeline Details
S. No.
Route of Pipeline
Numbers Capacity / Volume of Pipeline
Remark
Operating Condition (pipeline)
Pipe Internal Dia. Area Covered
Length of Pipeline
(m)
Pump inflow
(kg/sec) Press bar Temp ºC inch mm
1 KPT Oil Jetty no. 1 to Aadesh Brine
Terminal 1 35 Cum
Transfer from Vessel to Vessel
12 Kg/Cm2 120 11.811 300 212 Sqm 500 140
2 Aadesh Brine
Terminal inside 2 12 Cum
Internal circulation & Truck loading
purpose
7 Kg/Cm2 160 9.84 250 98 Sqm 250 34
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 207
9.1.9 Power Requirement & Stack Details
The required power shall be sourced from Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Limited (PGVCL), which is 475 KV. Two
Diesel Generator sets will be provided of 600 KVA & 60 KVA at site for back-up.
Sr. No.
Stack Attached
to Capacity
Stack Nos.
Stack Diameter in
mm
Stack Height in m
Type of Fuel used
Fuel consumption
Location
1 D.G. Set 600 KVA 1 200 5.50 HSD 101 Lit/hr At Site
2 D.G. Set 60 KVA 1 100 5.50 HSD 14 Lit/hr At Site
3 Thermic
Fluid Heater 2 m
Kcal/hr 1 700 30.50 Coal 479 Kg/hr At Site
9.1.10 Rainwater Harvesting Details
As per IMD data average rainfall of New Kandla is 407.4 mm/annum (0.407 m) and no. rainy days is 17.3 annually.
The estimated runoff quantum using different run off coefficient applicable for roof top, green belt and paved area
is given below:
Table 9-2: Land Area Breakup and Estimation of Runoff
S. No. Title Area, m2 Rainfall intensity (m) Runoff coefficient Runoff generated (m3)
1
Roof top
(Porta cabin admin building & security
buildings)
138 0.407 0.8 44.93
2 Paved 1251.05 0.407 0.5 254.58
3 Greenbelt 225 0.407 0.2 18.31
Total 317.82
From the above it is inferred that ~318 m3 effective run off water may likely to be available that can be stored in
the proposed tank for reuse.
Average rainwater available per day = 318 m3/17.3 rainy days/annum =18.38 m3/day
The likely storing capacity of proposed pond/tank will be 3 m×3 m×2 m i.e. to store 18 m3/day
9.1.11 Water Consumption
Water will be supplied from Tanker. Permission Letter for Tanker has been attached herewith as Annexure 3.
At site area, water will be mainly used for following areas:
Washings
Domestic Usage
Total water consumption is estimated to 5.2 KLD and the total wastewater generation from the proposed unit will
be 5.0 KLD including domestic sewage and washing effluent. Washing will generate oily wash water.
One time water requirement for Fire water will be 59 KL and it will be sourced from Tanker.
Table 9-3: Water Consumption and Wastewater Generation Details
S.
No. Area
Water Consumption
in KLD
Wastewater Generation in KLD
Treatment / Disposal Mode
1 Domestic 2.2 2
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 208
2 Oily wash water 3.0 3.0
It will be treated in Wastewater Treatment plant at site and
then will be sent to Saurashtra Enviro Projects Private Limited (SEPPL) at Samkhiyali plant for further treatment. Certificate
for the same has been attached as Annexure 3.
Total 5.2 5.0 -
9.1.12 Wastewater Generation
Total wastewater generated from the entire unit will be about 5 KLD including domestic and industrial effluent
which will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP and treated water will be sent to Saurashtra Enviro Projects Private
Limited (SEPPL) at Samkhiyali plant for further treatment. Provisional Certificate for the same has been received.
9.1.13 Wastewater Treatment Plant Details
Total wastewater generated from the entire unit will be about 5 KLD including domestic and industrial effluent
which will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP and treated water will be sent to Saurashtra Enviro Projects Private
Limited (SEPPL) at Samkhiyali plant for further treatment. Provisional Certificate for the same has been attached
herewith as Annexure 4.
Wastewater Treatment System
Wastewater generated from the washing and domestic activities will be treated in proposed ETP cum STP. The
capacity of proposed wastewater treatment plant will be installed for 5 KLD capacity.
List of ETP cum STP units with capacity is given in Table 2-8.
Table 9-4: List of ETP cum STP units with capacity
Sr. No. Unit Volume (m3)
1 Septic Tank 4.5
2 Collection cum Oil & Grease Trap 3.6
3 Aeration Tank 6.0
4 Final Collection Tank 1000 lit
5 Sludge Drying Beds 0.9 m2
9.1.14 Hazardous and Other Solid Waste
The solid / Hazardous Waste will be collected and temporarily stored in Hazardous Waste Storage Area as per
hazardous waste rules within the plant premises. The details of the hazardous waste generation, quantification,
classification, collection, transportation and disposal facility as per Hazardous Waste Rules 2008 and its
amendment.
Table 9-5: Hazardous Waste Generation Details
S. No.
Type of Waste
Hazardous Waste
Category
Generation Quantity
Unit Source Collection, Treatment /
Disposal
1 Used Oil 5.1 2 KL per year DG Set Sold to Authorized recyclers
2 Pig waste 3.3 8 Nos. per year Pipeline Send to SEPPL for incinerate
3 ETP Sludge 35.3 3.6 Ton per year Wastewater Treatment
Plant
Send to SEPPL
4 Waste Oil 35.4 486 Litre per year Send to SEPPL for incinerate
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 209
Hazardous Waste Disposal Facility
For disposal of Hazardous/Incinerable waste, Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. has taken provisional certificate from
SEPPL, Kachchh for disposal of hazardous waste.
The other hazardous waste like used oil will be sold to authorized venders.
The non-hazardous waste like paper, plastic, metal and wooden waste will be handed over to authorized re-
processors.
9.2 Description of Environment
9.2.1 Study Area & Period
Study area is of Radius 7 km from Project site boundary. The baseline environmental quality was assessed for 12
weeks (From October, 2017 to January, 2018) by Kadam Environmental Consultants. These 12 weeks period mainly
covers Post-monsoon season. Study was done for Terrestrial and Marine Environment.
9.2.2 Terrestrial Environment
Land Use & Land Cover Distribution
Land use of study area is classified as Built-up Land or Habitation (5.96 %), Wastelands (43.08 %), Water Bodies
(15.026 %), Vegetation covers (16.62 %) and others (19.30 %).
Meteorology
Site specific meteorological data was collected at Ahir Salt Premises, Kandla. Based on Long-term Climatological
Tables for 30 years i.e. from 1981-2010, published by Indian Meteorological Department. New Kandla_42639 is the
nearest IMD Station from proposed project site located at an aerial distance of ~2.00 km towards south direction.
Summary of micrometeorological data collected within study area during study period is shown in Table 9-6.
Table 9-6: Summary micrometeorological data for study Period Oct’17 to Jan’18 (Mainly covers Post-
monsoon season)
Parameter Unit Max Min Average
Temperature °C 35.6 11.7 24.7
Humidity % 82.4 17.4 41.0
Wind Speed Kmph 30.2 0.0 10.0
Wind Direction From NNE - -
Cloud Cover Oktas 0.0 0.0 0.0
Rainfall mm 0.0 0.0 0.0
Ambient Air Quality
As per the study area which is considered as 7 km radius from proposed project site, it is observed that study area
has 50:50 ratio of land and water (sea). Further in landward study area, there are industries, storage terminals, salt
pans and human settlements. Industrial pollution, Domestic pollution and Vehicular pollution are the major sources
of pollution within study area. The 24 hours, time weighted average results for particulate matter mainly PM10 at all
locations observed above specified NAAQS notification of 18th Nov’2009, published by CPCB. Gaseous parameters
like SOx, NOx, CO are within the specified limits of NAAQS notification of 18th Nov’2009, published by CPCB.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 210
Table 9-7: Ambient Air Quality Results
Station Code
Sampling
Location
NAAQM Standards [CPCB]
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOX CO VOCs
[24 Hours] [24 Hours] [24 Hours] [24 Hours] [8 Hours] [4 Hours]
100 60 80 80 2 NS*
AQ01 Temple- Nr Oil Jetty
Maximum 182 76 37.1 36.2 0.65 <17.4
Minimum 74 24 8.7 14.8 0.57 <17.4
Average 124 43 13.2 20.3 0.60 <17.4
98%tile 181 69 34.2 35.7 0.65 <17.4
AQ02
350 m SW from
Project boundary
Maximum 155 57 27.9 38.8 1.04 <17.4
Minimum 52 24 9.5 22.3 0.59 <17.4
Average 96 43 17.9 32.8 0.82 <17.4
98%tile 150 57 27.7 38.4 1.02 <17.4
AQ03 New KPT colony
Maximum 180 57 24.3 20.3 0.97 <17.4
Minimum 74 24 7.8 13.9 0.68 <17.4
Average 134 43 12.8 17.0 0.80 <17.4
98%tile 179 57 21.2 20.0 0.97 <17.4
AQ04 Kandla
Maximum 193 56 16.5 25.2 0.84 <17.4
Minimum 98 22 7.8 14.5 0.61 <17.4
Average 145 41 11.3 19.0 0.74 <17.4
98%tile 193 55 16.5 25.1 0.83 <17.4
AQ05 Nr.
ASAPPL terminal
Maximum 175 59 16.5 25.2 0.80 <17.4
Minimum 81 28 7.8 14.5 0.51 <17.4
Average 119 43 11.5 19.1 0.68 <17.4
98%tile 171 58 16.5 25.2 0.79 <17.4
AQ06 Ahir Salt
(Salt Pan)
Maximum 170 56 37.6 45.6 0.94 <17.4
Minimum 30 23 5.4 13.9 0.58 <17.4
Average 113 45 14.6 23.0 0.76 <17.4
98%tile 167 55 32.3 44.8 0.93 <17.4
AQ07
700 m South from
project boundary
Maximum 178 59 10.1 17.9 0.74 <17.4
Minimum 101 29 4.4 9.2 0.58 <17.4
Average 150 49 7.4 13.6 0.64 <17.4
98%tile 177 59 10.0 17.5 0.73 <17.4
AQ08 Khari Rohar Village
Maximum 184 60 14.2 27.7 0.83 <17.4
Minimum 92 0 9.4 12.9 0.58 <17.4
Average 124 26 11.0 17.2 0.69 <17.4
98%tile 182 59 14.0 25.9 0.83 <17.4
Surface Water Quality
There is no surface water available within 7 Km radius from the project site.
Noise Environment
Based on the noise monitoring carried out at 4 monitoring locations, following observations are made:
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 211
NL01 & NL02 - Near Rishi Shipping & South side from proposed project boundary: The site is
adjacent to Kandla Creek and surrounded by creek water and mud flat. Noise level results were observed
within the CPCB standards for Industrial area.
NL03 - Near Oil Jetty: This location is about 0.3 km north from project boundary and it is an Industrial area.
Noise level observed at this location were within the specified CPCB standards.
NL04 - Kandla Port Colony: This location is 0.9 Km in south-west direction from project site. It falls under
Residential Area where Noise results during Day time were observed within the CPCB standards and during
night time, it was slightly higher than the CPCB standards which are due to vehicular movements at Kandla
Port.
Table 9-8: Average Ambient Noise Monitoring Results
Location Code
Location Date Category
CPCB Limits in dB (A)
Average Noise levels in dB (A)
Day Time
Night Time
Day Time
Night Time
NL01 Near Rishi Shipping 28.12.17 Industrial 75.0 70.0 57.1 50.6
NL02 South side from proposed
project boundary 02.01.18 Industrial 75.0 70.0 55.1 45.1
NL03 Near Oil Jetty 21.12.17 Industrial 75.0 70.0 69.2 59.9
NL04 New KPT Colony 30.12.18 Residential 55.0 45.0 54.8 46.7
The ambient noise levels at all the locations are within the permissible limits for Industrial area but is slightly higher
during night in Residential area which is just due to the sound of sea waves and wind blowing through open areas.
Geological and Hydrogeological conditions
Geologically the area is covered by recent younger mud flat deposits of marine origin of Holocene age composed of
clay, silt and very fine sand. Study area is predominantly covered with fine to medium grained calcareous sandy
loam as top soil with underlying compacted dense sand and clay with strong salinity.
The Groundwater is occurring under perched, unconfined and semi confined condition with low yield and having
poor hydraulic characteristics. Permeability of the aquifer is also poor. The Groundwater quality is highly saline and
is mainly used for salt pan purposes.
Seismicity in the Study Area
This area falls under seismic zone V and thus this area is active. The seismic coefficient need to be incorporated in
design. The project will be founded in mudflats which is likely to behave akin to liquefaction when subjected to
seismic wave.
Soil Conservation
The soil samples collected from the project site and surrounding areas were assessed for physico-chemical
properties. The porosity ranged from 48 - 51 % and WHC varied 20.80 – 42.50 %, while permeability was in the
range of 21.9 – 26.6 mm/hr mainly due sandy loam to sandy clay loam texture of soils. The soil salinity varied from
0.789 - 36.200 dS/m, indicating that soils are non-saline (EC<0.8 dS/m) to highly saline(EC >4.0 dS/m mainly due
to proximity of sea and flooding of the area during high tide. The ESP varied from <0.01 – 161.4, which also
indicate that soils are non-sodic as ESP>15. The soil pH ranged from 6.54 –7.15, which is indicative of normal (pH
> 8.5) soils mainly due to predominance of Ca (1.11 – 4.23 gm/kg) followed by Mg (0.04 – 4.77 gm/kg), sodium
(0.26 –2.56 gm/kg) and K (0.0.20 – 0.60 gm/kg).
Comprehensive Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report for Port Based Multiproduct SEZ at Kandla Port,
Kutch District, Gujarat By Kandla Port Trust Part-I Terrestrial EIA & EMP Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, Bhuj ,
Gujarat Submitted in March 2015 showed that pH values of the study area in post- and pre-monsoon periods
during 2010 were found to be in the range of 7.8 to 9.21 and 7.92 to 9.12, respectively, showing alkaline nature of
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 212
soil. There was no marked change in pH from pre-monsoon to post-monsoon period. The electrical conductivity in
post- and pre-monsoon periods was in the range of 0.06 to 41 and 2.66 to 16.22dS/m, respectively, showing an
increase in soil salinity in pre-monsoon period. The soil texture was sandy in majority of the area. Total soil organic
carbon values in post- and pre-monsoon period were in the range of 0.03 to 0.11 and 0.2 to 4.5%, respectively.
Indicating very low organic carbon in post monsoon and soils were very rich in carbon status in pre-monsoon.
(Report of NIO Regional Centre, Mumbai, Gujarat Institute of Desert Ecology, March 2015.
Table 9-9: Soil Analysis Results
Sr. No Parameter Unit S1 S2 S3 S4
1 porosity % 48 49 50 51
2 Water Holding Capacity % 30.20 20.80 42.50 36.80
3 Permeability mm/hr 26.6 25.3 23.9 21.9
4 Particle Size Distribution -
a Sand % 72.8 59.8 56.8 55.8
b Silt % 13.7 20.7 16.7 20.7
c Clay % 13.4 19.4 26.4 23.4
6 Texture - Sandy loam Sandy clay loam Sandy clay loam Sandy clay loam
7 Cation Exchange
Capacity meq/100gm 13.20 18.60 22.20 21.50
8 Electrical Conductivity dS/m 4.200 0.789 36.200 8.100
9 Exchangeable Sodium % 1.14 <0.01 0.84 1.01
10 pH 7.15 7.13 6.54 7.03
11 Calcium gm/kg 1.57 1.11 4.23 1.64
12 Magnesium gm/kg <0.04 0.54 4.77 1.83
13 Sodium gm/kg 1.04 0.26 2.56 1.72
14 Potassium gm/kg 0.20 0.34 0.52 0.60
Ecology & Biodiversity
The baseline study was conducted for the evaluation of floral and faunal biodiversity of the terrestrial and marine
environment and mangrove environment within 7 Km radius from the proposed project in the Kandla, Kachchh
district during 7th December to 9th December 2017.
Floral Diversity in the Study Area
The study area comes under Biogeographic zone 3 - The Indian desert and in biotic province - 3B 1 Kachchh
plateau. Topography of the region was characterized by dominating barren land covered with dense scrub
dominated by Prosopis juliflora. The natural vegetation is scarce, scattered and open. In all other areas, the trees
are dominated by Acacia nilotica and Prosopis juliflora. The plants growing are Acacia nilotica, Prosopis juliflora
along with wide variety of herb and shrub species. It is of no use to villagers except for collecting wood for fuels. A
total of 30 plant species are observed in the study area out of which 18 species of trees and shrubs, 4 species of
Climbers, 6 species of grasses and 2 species of mangroves are observed.
Faunal Diversity in the Study Area
There is no notified/protected ecologically sensitive area including national park, sanctuary, Elephant/Tiger reserves
existing in the study area covering 7 km radial distance. Due to short time period of ecological assessment, faunal
species except birds could not be observed. However, bird species were visually observed and recorded. Cattle
Egret, Red wattled lapwings, Sandpiper were common in most habitats. Migratory birds such as flamingo, pelican
etc. are known to use the area. Common peafowl was reported by people.
None of the reported animals are fall in Schedule I. Among reptile only Indian Cobra (Naja naja) are provided
protection as per Schedule-II of Wild life protection act, (1972) which was reported in the study area.
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
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Among mammals; Common Mongoose (Herpestes edwardsi) and Jackal (Canis aureus) are schedule - II animals.
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is protected as Schedule-III animal as per Wild Life Protection act 1972.
Socio-Economics
As per 2011 India census, Kandla (CT) had a population of 15,782 with households of 3,574 in the demarcated
study area i.e. 0-7 kms. The Kachchh district had total population of 2,090,313 of which male and female are
1,096,343 and 993,970 respectively.
Sex Ratio in Kachchh, it stood at 942 per 1000 male. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per
latest reports of Census 2011. The total population in the study area was 15,782 of which males were 9.028
and females were 6,754 with sex ratio of 748 per 1000 males.
Literacy Rate: According to the census data 2011, the entire district had an average literacy rate of 71.58%;
male literacy was 80.60% and female literacy was 61.62%.
Educational Facility: The entire study area has only 1 Government Primary School on the Kandla Port Trust
Land named ‘Shree United Salt Prathmik Shaala’ which is not included in the Census Data. Anganwadis and
Primary schools are present outside of the study area. Gandhidham city has several schools providing high
school education. The colleges for graduation and higher studies are Tolani College of Science & Arts, Tolani
Commerce College and Diploma in Engineering, Management Institute situated nearby in Adipur.
Drinking Water Facility: Most of the human settlements/habitation/villages are provided with water through
the Private Water Tankers. These tankers are brought from Anjar or Bhuj. Few villages outside the study area
get water from the Narmada Canal.
Power supply: The Government Power supply (UGVCL) is easily available to all the houses of all the villages
of the study area.
9.2.3 Marine Environment
Marine Water
Estuary water sampling locations are selected based on review of land use plan and nearby site habitation village
/locations in 7 km radius of project.
Table 9-10: Classification of Coastal/Marine Waters for Designated Best Uses
Class Designated Best Use
SW-I Salt
SW-II Bathing, Contact Water Sports and Commercial Fishing
SW-III Industrial Cooling, Recreation (Non-contact) and Aesthetics
SW-IV Harbor
SW-V Navigation and Controlled Waste Disposal
The quality of marine water can be compared with class SW-III, SW-IV & SW V as per costal water marine
standards which shows that quality of marine water is suitable for Industrial, Harbour and navigational purpose.
Marine Sediment
Results of sediment of the study area is under limits prescribed by Hilton et al. (1985) and EU regulations. The
results of earlier studies reported do not indicate increase in the loading of pollutants in sea as observed in the
present study.
Ecology & Biodiversity
This represents existing biodiversity status of the project site / core zone and its surrounding environ / buffer zone
(7 km. radius) which includes, phytoplanktons, zooplanktons and benthos.
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A total of 33 species were recorded during this entire collection during December, 2017. Maximum cell count were
observed in BMS 10 during low tide whereas lowest were observed in BMS 4 during low tide.
A total of 19 species were recorded during this season. Maximum biomass were observed in BMS 2 during low tide
and minimum were found in BMS 4 during high tide.
Population density in all the stations varied from 70 to 315/m2. In Intertidal, the density of benthic organisms
varied between 55 and 155 organism/m2.
Mangrove Environment
Site visit was included by boat through of the site during high tide. Total 5 sites have been observed where entire
stretches were covered by mangroves. Mangrove population represents in sparse to dense.
Avicennia sp. and Rhizophora sp. both were present but Avicennia sp. were dominant in this area. Only one
dominant species (Avicennia sp.) in regeneration phase has been observed. Mature trees were more near junction
of creek.
Average mature tree density >1800 trees/ha (approx.) was recorded. Tree height showed perceptible variation and
ranged from 1.2 m to 4.5 m with an overall average mature tree height of 1.8 m. In general mangrove formations
at Kandla had the best structural attributes as the mature forest with higher vegetation structure.
9.3 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Suggested Mitigation Measures
9.3.1 Terrestrial Environment
Air Environment
The stack emission concentrations used for dispersion modelling were taken as per CPCB guidelines issued for
conducting air quality modelling. The site meteorological data collected for monitoring period were used for
dispersion modelling by AERMOD Software.
The incremental increase in GLC of SOx, NOx & PM due to consumption HSD for proposed DG sets of 50 KVA has
been carried out. The worst combined environmental situation is predicted as the sum of maximum monitored
value of a parameter and the incremental GLC at the monitoring location. The Baseline PM10 is above the specified
limit of CPCB. The only air pollution source from the project is stack which would not add much to the baseline
concentration.
Mitigation Measures
Vehicles must be PUC certified and paved road for movement of vehicles
Safety appliance will be given to workers
Adequate stack height will be provided with Air Pollution Control Device (APCD) and proper technique for
handling of coal
Noise & Vibration
During construction phase, operation of earth movers like crane, dumper, roller, bulldozers etc. will be used. The
machinery will be used during daytime and will emit noise within permissible limits. Thus, there will not be any
adverse impact on nearby habitation due to proposed activity.
Noise generated from DG Set, Thermic Fluid Heater, etc. will have a permanent effect to the workers working in the
nearby vicinity, if they will work for more hours in a day.
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Mitigation Measures
Acoustic Enclosures on all major equipment in the plant will have to be provided for noise attenuation
Workers should also be provided with suitable personal protective equipment (PPE) such as earmuffs and
earplugs.
Rotation of workers in the high noise area
High noise generating areas would be identified and tags marked.
Green belt will be developed to reduce noise.
Vehicle trips to be minimized to the extent possible
Acoustic mufflers / enclosures to be provided in large engines/machinery.
Equipment to be maintained in good working order.
Implement good working practices (equipment selection) to minimize noise and reduce its impacts on human
health (earmuffs, safe distances, and enclosures).
Noise to be monitored in ambient air within the premises.
All equipment operated within specified design parameters.
Solid & Hazardous Waste
The waste will be stored in hazardous waste storage area provided. Care shall be taken for leakage of waste to
avoid run off contamination.
Mitigation Measures
Care shall be taken during loading/ unloading of material to avoid leakage and spillage of Chemicals.
Construction and demolition waste will be used for filling of low lying area while scrap material will be reused
for structural work wherever is required. The surplus scrap material will be sold out.
Hazardous Wastes will be properly handled in containers and properly stored in hazardous waste storage areas
as per rules and also bunding will be provided to avoid overflow of spillage waters which can contaminate the
surroundings.
Recyclable waste will be handed over to authorized recyclers.
Occupational Health & Safety
Due to accidents and injuries to workers during operation phase.
To ensure that all workplaces are safe and without risk to the safety and health of workers;
To protect persons present at or in the vicinity of a deconstruction facility from all risks which may arise from
the site or associated shipbreaking operation.
Mitigation Measures
Medical check-up would be carried out at regular intervals
During installation of storage tank proper care would be taken by ABPL, appropriate PPEs will be provided to
site workers and staff members
Hand gloves, covered face mask and gum shoes will be used as and when required
Acoustic enclosures will be provided to DG sets and other noise generating equipment
ABPL will develop and implement a spill management plan to prevent risk of spill.
Socio-Economic
Human settlements i.e. Kandla (CT) and Kharirohar (falls under Mithirohar Panchayat) is quiet far away from the
proposed site having the negligible impact. However, there are many illegal residents near the proposed site whose
main occupation is fishing. As the proposed site is on the Kandla Port Trust (KPT) land, the project will require that
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these illegal residents vacate the place. As the encroachment is illegal, no resettlement, whatsoever, will be
provided.
Mitigation Measures
The project proponent will seek to provide better educational facilities in the project affected area and shall
equip the schools with furniture and technological aids that help in providing better education.
The project proponent will provide employment to the local people.
Marine Water
Impact
Oil spillages on marine environment due to unforeseen situations e.g. Vessel collision
Mitigation Measures
Care shall be taken for wastewater collection and storage to avoid contamination of water sources.
Care shall be taken during painting work to avoid leakage and spillage of paint material
Marine Sediment
Impact
Oil spillages on land during operations
Mitigation Measures
Spillage of construction materials may be taken care of to avoid soil contamination and deterioration on soil
quality as cement is highly alkaline.
Spillage of oil, diesel etc. take care to avoid soil contamination.
Flora & Fauna
Impact
Site specific disturbance to normal faunal movement at site
Death of mangroves due to yellowed leaves and defoliation at opposite banks (Kandla creek) of site.
Mitigation Measures
No immediate action required because all species reported from project site are common and well adapted to
the routine urban activities.
No immediate action required because all species reported from project site are common and well adapted to
the routine urban activities.
Noise & Vibration
Impact
During construction phase equipment like crane, dumper will be used for site preparation. The equipment will be
used during daytime and underwater sound pressure waves will be generated. Thus, there will be adverse impact
on fish behaviour.
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Mitigation Measures
Heavy vehicles and machineries used for construction purpose will be well maintained and PUC certified so noise
generation will occur less. Also make sure to not to do work during night time to avoid noise generation annoyance
to marine life and terrestrial life.
9.4 Environment Monitoring Program
Various environmental parameters to be monitored are tabulated in Table 9-11.
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Table 9-11: Environmental Monitoring Program
S. No. Activity Measurement Methodology
Frequency Location Data Analysis Reporting Schedule
Emergency Procedure
Detailed Budget
Terrestrial Environment
A Air Pollution Monitoring
1.
Ambient air monitoring of parameters
specified by GPCB in their air consents from time to time within the
project premises
IS 5182
& CPCB Guidelines Vol. 1 (Gravimetric Method)
Six monthly in a year
At Main Gate or Material gate
PM10, PM2.5, Sox, NOx Contractor -
150000 2.
Ambient air monitoring of parameters
specified by GPCB in their air consents from
time to time at stations outside the
project site
IS 5182 Six monthly in a
year At Main Gate or Material gate
PM10, PM2.5, Sox, NOx Contractor -
3.
Stack monitoring of DG set as given in air consent from time to
time
IS 5182 Six monthly in a
year At DG Set SOx, NOx Contractor
Regulator maintenance of equipment to be
done
B Noise Pollution Monitoring
4. Noise Generation due to operation of DG set
etc. IS 9989 : 1981
Six monthly in a year
At DG Set Noise Levels Contractor
Regulator maintenance of equipment to be
done
100000
C Water Pollution Monitoring
5
Monitoring of wastewater inlet and outlet at ETP plant for
the parameters specified by GPCB in their water consent from time to time
APHA : 23rd Edition Monthly when in
operation At ETP
DO, BOD, COD, pH, TDS, Oil & Grease, Ammonical nitrogen
Contractor - 100000
D Solid Waste Generation Monitoring
6. Records of generation of used drums and
Manual Daily At Waste
Storage Area Waste generation Site in-charge - 100000
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S. No. Activity Measurement Methodology
Frequency Location Data Analysis Reporting Schedule
Emergency Procedure
Detailed Budget
records of their dispatch to suppliers
for refilling
7. Records of generation of waste oils and their
treatment Manual Daily
At Waste Storage Area
Quantity of oil generated
Site in-charge -
8.
Records of generation, handling, storage, transportation and
disposal of other solid, aqueous and organic hazardous wastes as
required by hazardous waste authorization
Manual Daily At Waste
Storage Area Waste generation Site in-charge -
E Marine Monitoring
9. Analysis of water
samples APHA : 23rd Edition
Once every six months
Kandla Creek
pH, Temperature, BOD, DO, Ammonia, Nitrites,
Nitrates, Total Nitrogen, Salinity, Turbidity, Total
Suspended Solids, Potassium, Chlorides, Calcium, Zinc, Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, Phenolic
compounds
Contractor - 150000
10. Analysis of Sediment
samples APHA : 23rd Edition
Once every six months
Kandla Creek
Texture, Total Phosphorus, Total Organic carbon,
Phenolic compounds, Cadmium, Chromium,
Lead, Mercury
Contractor - 150000
11.
To determine the composition and
distribution of major groups of fauna
Once in a year Kandla Creek Phytoplankton,
Zooplankton, Benthos, Fishery
Contractor - 200000
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S. No. Activity Measurement Methodology
Frequency Location Data Analysis Reporting Schedule
Emergency Procedure
Detailed Budget
12 Monitoring of
Mangroves in five stations
Once in a year Around Kandla
Creek Mangroves Contractor 200000
Total Budget 1150000
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9.5 Additional Studies
9.5.1 Numerical Flow Model & Bitumen Spill
Studies were conducted for spill scenario of the unhooking of pipeline during pumping of bitumen between ship
and the terminal. The spill is expected to last for 15 minutes and this implies that the ship is equipped with ESD
(emergency shutdown system).
The results show that for the above devised spill scenario, the maximum concentrations in the slick can be
around 250 kg/m2 near the spill within the duration of the spill.
The slick size further grows to a width of 100 meters by 200 meters in one hour with maximum concentrations
of 40 kg/m2. This slick further grows to 1500 meters by 400 meters width, at the end of 5 hours after the spill
and the maximum concentrations reach about 8 kg/m2.
Thereafter at the end of 24 hours, the slick is disintegrated into number of small slicks and the maximum
concentrations of some of these slicks reach 5 kg/m2.
At the end of the day, the results show that there is some deposit of the bitumen happening coastline behind
the oil jetties.
The results show the efforts launched in the first hour after the spill are going to be most effective in
containing the spread of the spill and removal of the oil slick from the sea surface.
The temperature increase due to the bitumen spill reaches a maximum of 1.5 °C above ambient in the vicinity
of the spill and the same reduces to around 0.1 °C in the creek at the end of 7 hours after the spill event.
9.5.2 Disaster Management Plan
The proposed project is located in Seismic Zone V. The area is also prone to cyclones.
Each employee should study the approved On-Site emergency control plan very carefully and scrupulously to carry
out the instruction set forth. The main controller, the incident controller and the safety officer with the help of the
Emergency squad will be responsible for the effective execution of the On- Site emergency plan.
9.6 Project Benefits
There will be increase in some small scale businesses like tea stall, catering services, truck cleaning facilities
etc. around the project area.
Providing employment to local villagers
During the construction phase, temporary employment will be created for ~20 local skilled and semi-skilled
workers.
The positive impacts include enhanced indirect employment opportunities for transporters of raw materials.
Increasing other business opportunities for local people as there will be scope of hiring vehicle like tractors &
trolleys, bulldozers, JCB, excavators during construction and operation phase of the project.
9.7 Conclusion
Based on the EIA study conducted for 12 weeks i.e. from Oct’17 to Jan’18 2017, the following highlight emerges:
Land is given on lease by Kandla Port Trust for industrial use. Removal of vegetation and framework, rubble
laying, casting of foundation will change the Land Use Land Cover from unused scrub land to built up land.
Green belt will be developed. It is our belief that land use land cover related impacts will be manageable and
should not impede the objective of sustainable development.
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There will be very minimal use of water, minimal generation of wastewater & hazardous waste, there will be
minor increase of air pollution and noise pollution due to the proposed project. After treatment of wastewater
and hazardous waste will be send to SEPPL site for recycle purpose.
As the project site is very nearer to the coastal zone, but due to the proposed activities, there will not be major
impact on marine life will occur.
Project intends to hire local people and unskilled / semiskilled workers during construction phase. If this project
comes up, it will have social, financial benefits and will be environmentally sustainable.
Thus, this EIA study has concluded that the project would be environmentally acceptable, in compliance with
environmental legislation and standards. Hence the proposed project may be considered for getting CRZ Clearance.
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10 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
Kadam is accredited EIA Consultant organization by NABET, Quality Council of India under EIA accreditation
scheme as per mandatory requirement of the MOEFCC, Govt. of India for carrying out Environmental Impact
Assessment studies.
Kadam Environmental Consultants have been accredited by NABET as an Accredited Consultant Organization since
25-05-2010 till date without a break.
The time period for all activities of this EIA study was fully covered with NABET Accreditation as witnessed by the
following two NABET certificates and an extension letter:
Accreditation Certificate issued on 28-03-2017 and valid up to 26-05-2019.
Certificates and letter for accreditation from NABET is attached as Annexure 15. Kadam’s Laboratory is accredited
with NABL & recognized by MoEF&CC. Certificate & Recognition letters are provided in Annexure 10 & Annexure
11.
It has approved EIA coordinators and Field Area Experts for undertaking Environmental and related studies in
Twenty Six (26) approved sectors.
10.1 Brief Resume and Nature of Consultancy (Kadam)
Kadam was established in 1981 and has more than 3 decades of varied experience in the field of environment. The
Group has branch offices at Delhi and other places in Gujarat. The mission of company is providing sustainable
solutions on “Environment for Development”.
The company has a dedicated and experienced team of more than 200 technical staff. The team comprise of
Environmental Planners and Engineers, Chemical and Civil Engineers, Geologist, Socio-Economic Experts,
Microbiologists, Zoologists, Botanists and Industrial / Analytical Chemists. The company’s strength lies in Project
Management, Performing Risk Assessment, Formulating Environmental Disaster Plans, Use of Satellite Imagery in
Impact Assessment, Use of Mathematical Models for Air, Noise and Water Assessment and Expertise in Public
Consultation.
Customer services are mainly categorized into:
Consultancy Services in the field of environmental impact assessment, environmental site assessment and
due diligence, Enviro legal services, statutory environmental audits / statements, risk assessments and HAZOP,
energy audit, environmental health and safety management systems and waste management systems;
Engineering Services for collection and conveyance of liquid and solid wastes, designing and executing
effluent and sewage treatment plants, municipal solid waste studies and solid waste management systems, bio
gas plants, rain water harvesting systems and deep sea marine disposal systems;
Laboratory services in chemical and waste testing, microbiology, soil testing and Field sampling (we have
amongst the highest number of environmental field sampling equipment amongst environmental companies in
the country). The company has a well-equipped laboratory with modern instruments and experienced staff
catering to the need of statutory and advisory environmental testing for air, water and wastewater and
hazardous solid waste.
The group has a varied industrial clientele encompassing Indian and Multinational Companies covering the industrial
and services spectrum viz. Power Plant, Chlor-Alkali, Pesticides, Fertilizers, Bulk Drugs and Pharmaceuticals, Paints,
Chemicals, Oil and Gas, Real Estate, Hospitality and Infrastructure sectors.
Kadam has received ISO 9001:2008 certification for its Quality management System from BSI-MS. Kadam’s
laboratory is NABL accredited, MoEF&CC approved under EP Act and has OHSAS 18001:2007 accreditation.
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10.2 EIA Team Members
Work presented in this report was carried out by Kadam with active co-operation from Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. The
names of the EIA co-coordinator and FAEs deployed for the project are mentioned at the start of the report (in
Quality Control section).
Kadam’s team members (along with their role in the project) are given in Table 10-1.
Table 10-1: EIA Team Member
Name Functional Area Expert / Team
Member (FAE/TM)
Involvement
Task Under Expert
Sheetal Kadam Land Use (LU)
Supervision in development of land use maps of study area using Google image / related tools, site
visit for ground truth survey, finalization of land use maps, identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures and contribution to EIA
documentation
-
Sangram Kadam
Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control
(AP) Supervision of air quality monitoring, identification of
impacts, Air quality modelling, finalization of mitigation measures and contribution to EIA
documentation
-
Meteorology, Air Quality Modelling & Prediction
(AQ)
-
Kundan Ajudiya
Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts
(WP)
Site visit and data collection, sampling and monitoring of surface water, review of analysis report, identification of impacts and suggested mitigation measures, Preparation of EMP and
contribution to the EIA documentation
-
Dr. Sourav Kundu
EIA Coordinator,
Ecology and Biodiversity (EB)
Site visit and conduct of ecological survey, assessment of the impacts of proposed project
activities on the biological environment, contribution to the EIA documentation
-
Soham Joshi Noise and Vibration (NV) Checking of noise sampling results, analysis of data, identification of impacts and mitigation measures and
contribution to EIA documentation -
Anil Vishwakarma
Socio-Economics (SE)
Secondary data collection, evaluation of Socio–Economic status of the study area, assessment of the possible change to socio-economic issues arising out of the proposed project activity, contribution to the
EIA documentation
-
Neeraj Sharma
Hydrogeology, ground water and Water Conservation (HG)
Understanding and representing groundwater conditions, supervision of groundwater sampling
locations, finalization of survey findings, identification of impacts, suggestion of mitigation measures and
contribution to EIA documentation
-
Geology (GEO) Geology and geomorphologic analysis based on
secondary data, analysis of data collected, contribution to EIA documentation
-
Dr B. K. Patel Soil Conservation (SC)
Site Visit, Sampling, Identification of impact and mitigation measures, reviewing soil analysis data, soil
erosion management, preparation of baseline monitoring, impacting activities and mitigation measures and environmental management plan
chapters
-
Dhara Patel Risk Assessment &
Hazard Management (RH)
Site Visit, Identification of impacts and mitigation measures, contribution to EIA documentation
-
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Name Functional Area Expert / Team
Member (FAE/TM)
Involvement
Task Under Expert
Kundan Ajudiya Solid waste and
Hazardous Waste Management (SHW)
Identification of waste generated from the site, studying adequacy of mitigation measures for
management of hazardous waste and contribution to the EIA documentation
-
Prachi Shah
(Team Member) NV
Assistance in impact identification and mitigation measures & preparing NV report.
Mr. Soham Joshi
Ms. Mahendra Jadhav
(Team Member)
AP & AQ
Collection & interpretation of secondary IMD data, representing Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM)
results. Running air quality model (AERMOD) and prediction of incremental GLCs at baseline receptors.
Mr. Jayesh Makwana
&
Mr Sangram Kadam
Ms. Rimjhim Singh
(Team Member)
HG & GEO
Field survey, mapping and hydrogeological studies related to ground water studies.
Mr. Neeraj Sharma Assisting in impact identification and mitigation
measures.
LU Preparation of Draft LU Map based on Satellite
image. Ms. Sheetal Kadam
Ms. Aarti Sharma
(Team Member)
SE Site Visit, Secondary data collection and compilation
of data in report Mr. Anil Vishwakarma
Mr. Chetan Panchal
Draftsman Preparation of various maps like as mentioned above along with specific maps required by the FAE that are
used as Basemap to run the required software.
Mr. Jayesh Gajjar & All FAEs
Ms. Suchita
(Sr. Chemist) Laboratory Analysis Analysis of Field monitoring samples. FAE (AP, WP, HG, SC)
Mr. Anup Ojha
(Field Chemist) Field Monitoring
Collection of air, water, soil, noise samples from sampling locations, monitoring noise levels for
baseline study.
FAE (AP, WP, HG, NV, SC)
Mr. Satish Joshi
(VP)
Report Review (Quality Control)
Review of Draft EIA Report, NABET & MoEF&CC Guidelines for improving its quality.
-
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ANNEXURES
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Annexure 1: CRZ Map of Aadesh Brine Pvt. Ltd. Project (1:4000 Scale)
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Annexure 2: Possession Note from Kandla Port Trust
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Annexure 3: Assurance letter for Water
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Annexure 4: Provisional Certificate of SEPPL
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Annexure 5: Material Safety Data Sheet for Bitumen
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Annexure 6: Land Use Land Cover Classification
Built up Land or Habitation
It is defined as an area of human habitation developed due to non-agricultural use and that which has a cover of
buildings, transport, communication utilities in association with water vegetation and vacant lands.
Kadam has chosen to further define this land use category into additional categories, namely residential and
industrial.
Residential / Commercial
Structures used by humans for living and working, but not including structures used exclusively for manufacturing.
Industrial
Structures used for manufacturing products.
Agricultural Land
It is defined as the land primarily used for farming and for production of food, fibre, and other commercial and
horticultural crops. It includes land under crops (irrigated and un-irrigated), fallow land and plantations. These are
further defined.
Crop Land
It includes those lands with standing crop (per se) as on the date of the satellite imagery. The crops may be of
either Kharif (June-September) or Rabi (October – March) or Kharif Rabi seasons.
Fallow Land
It is described as agricultural land which is taken up for cultivation but is temporarily allowed to rest un-cropped for
one or more seasons, but not less than one year. These lands are particularly those which are seen devoid of crops
at the time when the imagery is taken during Rabi and Kharif.
Plantations
Plantations are described as an area under agricultural tree crops (for e.g. mango plantations) planted adopting
certain agricultural management techniques. It includes tea, coffee, rubber, coconut, arecanut, citrus, orchards and
other horticultural nurseries.
Forests
It is an area (within the notified forest boundary) bearing an association predominantly of trees and other
vegetation types capable of producing timber and other forest produce. Forests can be further divided into sub-
categories mentioned as follows.
Evergreen / Semi-Evergreen Forests
These are forests which comprise thick and dense canopy of tall trees, which predominantly remain green
throughout the year. Such forests include both coniferous and tropical broad-leaved evergreen trees. Semi-
evergreen forests are often a mixture of both deciduous and evergreen trees but the latter predominate.
Deciduous Forests
These are described as forests which predominantly comprise of deciduous species and where the trees shed their
leaves once in a year.
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Degraded Forest
It is described as a forest where the vegetative (crown) density is less than 20% of the canopy cover. It is the
result of both biotic and abiotic influences.
Scrub (Forest)
All lands with poor tree growth mainly of small or stunted trees having canopy density less than 10 per cent. Scrub
is a stunted tree or bush/shrub.
Open forest
All lands with tree cover of canopy density between 10 to 40 percent.
Dense or Close Forest
All lands with tree cover of canopy density of 40 percent and above.
Forest Blank
A forest blank is an opening amidst forests without any tree cover. It includes openings of assorted size and shapes
as seen on the imagery.
Forest Plantations
It is described as an area of trees of species of forestry importance and raised on notified forest lands. It includes
eucalyptus, casuarinas, bamboo, etc.
Mangroves
Mangroves are described as a dense, thicker or woody, aquatic vegetation or forest cover occurring in tidal waters
near estuaries and along the confluence of delta in coastal areas. Mangroves include species of the genera
Rhizophora and Aviccunia.
Wastelands
Wastelands are described as degraded lands which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable water
and soil management or on account of natural causes. Wastelands can result from internal / imposed constraints
such as by location, environment, chemical and physical prosperities of the soil or financial or management
constraints.
Different types of wastelands include salt-affected lands, waterlogged lands, marshy/swampy lands, mudlands,
gullied / ravenous lands, land with or without scrub, sandy areas and barren rocky / stony waste / sheet rock areas.
Salt-Affected Land
The salt-affected land is generally characterized as the land that has adverse effects on the growth of most plants
due to the action or presence of excess soluble or high exchangeable sodium. Alkaline land has an exchangeable
sodium percentage (ESP) of about 15, which is generally considered as the limit between normal and alkali soils.
The predominant salts are carbonates and bicarbonates of sodium. Coastal saline soils may be with or without
ingress or inundation by seawater.
Waterlogged Land
Waterlogged land is that land where the water is at/or near the surface and water stands for most of the year.
Such lands usually occupy topographically low-lying areas. It excludes lakes, ponds and tanks or in the context of
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the Wetlands (Conservation and Management Rules, 2010) such areas that could be considered as ‘protected
wetlands’.
Marshy / Swampy Land / Mud Land Area
Marshy land is that which is permanently or periodically inundated by water and is characterized by vegetation,
which includes grasses and weeds. Marshes are classified into salt/brackish or fresh water depending on the salinity
of water. These exclude Mangroves.
Gullied / Ravenous Land
The ‘gullies’ are formed as a result of localized surface runoff affecting the friable unconsolidated material in the
formation of perceptible channels resulting in undulating terrain. The gullies are the first stage of excessive land
dissection followed by their networking which leads to the development of ravenous land. The word ‘ravine’ is
usually associated not with an isolated gully but a network of deep gullies formed generally in thick alluvium and
entering a nearby river, flowing much lower than the surrounding high grounds. The ravines are extensive systems
of gullies developed along river courses.
Land with / without Scrub
They occupy (relatively) higher topography like uplands or high grounds with or without scrub. These lands are
generally prone to degradation or erosion. These exclude hilly and mountainous terrain.
Sandy Area (Coastal and Desertic)
These are the areas, which have stabilized accumulations of sand in-site or transported in coastal riverine or inland
(desert) areas. These occur either in the form of sand dunes, beaches, channel (river/stream) islands, etc.
Barren Rocky / Stony Waste / Sheet Rock Area
It is defined as the rock exposures of varying lithology often barren and devoid of soil cover and vegetation and not
suitable for cultivation. They occur amidst hill forests as openings or scattered as isolated exposures or loose
fragments of boulders or as sheet rocks on plateau and plains. It includes quarry or gravel pit or brick kilns.
Water Bodies
It is an area of impounded water, areal in extent and often with a regulated flow of water. It includes man-made
reservoirs/lakes/tank/canals, besides natural lakes, rivers/streams and creeks.
River / Stream
It is a course of flowing water on the land along definite channels. It includes from a small stream to a big river and
its branches. It may be perennial or non-perennial.
Reservoir / Lakes / Ponds / Tanks
It is a natural or man-made enclosed water body with a regulated flow of water. Reservoirs are larger than
tanks/lakes and are used for generating electricity, irrigation and for flood control. Tanks are smaller in areal extent
with limited use than the former. Canals are inland waterways used for irrigation and sometimes for navigation.
Others
It includes all those land use and land cover classes which can be treated as miscellaneous because of their nature
of occurrence, physical appearance and other characteristics.
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Shifting Cultivation
It is the result of cyclic land use practice of felling of trees and burning of forest areas for growing crops. Such
lands are also known as jhoom lands and cultivation called jhoom cultivation.
Grassland / Grazing Land
It is an area of land covered with natural grass along with other vegetation, often grown for fodder to feed cattle
and other animals. Such lands are found in river beds, on uplands, hill slopes, etc. Such lands can also be called as
permanent pastures or meadows. Grazing lands are those where certain pockets of land are fenced for allowing
cattle to graze.
Snow Covered / Glacial Area
These are snow-covered areas defined as a solid form of water consisting of minute particles of ice. It includes
permanently snow covered areas as on the Himalayas. Glacier is a mass of accumulated ice occurring amidst
permanently snow-covered areas.
Salt pan
Shallow container or depression in the ground in which salt water evaporates to leave deposits of salt.
Vegetation Cover
It is a land area predominantly covered with vegetation and is not part of Protected / Reserved Forests. This
includes scrub, open and close vegetation.
Scrub
It is described as a vegetative cover having density less than 10% of the canopy cover. Scrub is area covered by
grasses or herbs and scattered tree or shrubs.
Open Vegetation
This is categorized based on the vegetation cover having density between 10% to 40% of the canopy cover.
Dense or Close Vegetation
This is categorized based on the vegetation cover having density greater than 40% of the canopy cover.
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Annexure 7: Long-term Climatological Tables (1981-2010) published by IMD: Station New Kandla
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Annexure 8: Windrose Diagram – Post-monsoon Period, New Kandla, IMD
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Annexure 9: National Ambient Air Quality Standards Published by CPCB
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Annexure 10: Calibration Certificate for Field Equipment
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Annexure 11: Calibration Certificate for Laboratory Equipment
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Annexure 12: AAQM Analysis Results
S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
1 AQ01 31.10.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 179 52 9.7 21.2
2 AQ01 01.11.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 168 51 8.8 16.5 0.65 <17.4
3 AQ01 17.11.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 169 44 9.3 20.4
4 AQ01 18.11.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 86 41 9.3 19.9 0.58 <17.4
5 AQ01 27.11.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 179 26 9.8 17.7
6 AQ01 28.11.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 182 28 8.8 20.0 0.59 <17.4
7 AQ01 05.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 127 76 8.7 14.9
8 AQ01 06.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 74 24 12.3 22.0 0.58 <17.4
9 AQ01 13.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 129 50 37.1 36.2
10 AQ01 14.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 82 31 12.7 20.2 0.57 <17.4
11 AQ01 21.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 82 50 28.5 34.7
12 AQ01 22.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 134 53 14.5 24.4 0.61 <17.4
13 AQ01 29.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 95 30 9.1 14.8
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
14 AQ01 30.12.2017 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 109 43 9.1 15.9 0.63 <17.4
15 AQ01 04.01.2018 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 100 36 11.5 16.4
16 AQ01 05.01.2018 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 117 54 13.6 19.1 0.58 <17.4
17 AQ01 10.01.2018 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 107 27 12.6 15.0
18 AQ01 11.01.2018 Temple (Nr Oil Jetty) Industrial 109 54 11.9 16.7 0.65 <17.4
19 AQ01 25.10.17 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 89 56 12.0 25.4
20 AQ01 26.10.17 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 137 51 13.0 36.6 0.59 <17.4
1 AQ02 30.10.17 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 91 52 22.8 36.9
2 AQ02 31.10.17 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 121 56 19.8 34.6 0.69 <17.4
3 AQ02 14.11.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 57 32 27.9 30.3
4 AQ02 15.11.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 143 24 16.9 36.7 0.75 <17.4
5 AQ02 16.11.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 58 27 16.5 31.5
6 AQ02 25.11.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 155 39 9.5 34.4 0.59 <17.4
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
7 AQ02 26.11.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 140 51 17.1 38.8
8 AQ02 7.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 71 28 14.4 31.6 0.69 <17.4
9 AQ02 8.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 83 36 19.9 22.3
10 AQ02 15.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 52 26 27.3 37.6 0.92 <17.4
11 AQ02 16.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 69 38 20.0 37.0
12 AQ02 23.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 65 28 13.9 37.2 0.97 <17.4
13 AQ02 24.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 102 55 24.9 36.4
14 AQ02 31.12.2017 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 117 45 17.4 32.8 1.04 <17.4
15 AQ02 01.01.2018 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 82 57 19.0 30.2
16 AQ02 02.01.2018 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 93 56 10.8 29.9 0.97 <17.4
17 AQ02 06.01.2018 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 92 55 14.2 28.3
18 AQ02 07.01.2018 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 101 56 20.6 28.4 0.79 <17.4
19 AQ02 25.10.17 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 89 56 12.0 25.4
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
20 AQ02 26.10.17 350 m SW from project boundary Industrial 137 51 13.0 36.6 0.85 <17.4
1 AQ03 25.10.2017 New KPT colony Residential 159 56 10.8 16.9
2 AQ03 26.10.2017 New KPT colony Residential 83 51 13.2 18.3 0.97 <17.4
3 AQ03 02.11.2017 New KPT colony Residential 170 52 9.0 17.5
4 AQ03 03.11.2017 New KPT colony Residential 142 56 8.7 16.9 0.68 <17.4
5 AQ03 14.11.2017 New KPT colony Residential 157 32 10.0 18.7
6 AQ03 15.11.2017 New KPT colony Residential 131 24 7.8 20.3 0.69 <17.4
7 AQ03 23.11.2017 New KPT colony Residential 180 27 9.4 17.1
8 AQ03 24.11.2017 New KPT colony Residential 173 39 8.8 18.2 0.75 <17.4
9 AQ03 03.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 157 51 14.6 17.6
10 AQ03 04.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 169 28 11.5 16.2 0.91 <17.4
11 AQ03 13.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 178 36 12.5 13.9
12 AQ03 14.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 74 26 15.3 18.2 0.81 <17.4
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
13 AQ03 23.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 123 38 12.3 14.6
14 AQ03 24.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 144 28 14.5 14.1 0.86 <17.4
15 AQ03 31.12.2017 New KPT colony Residential 106 55 16.0 14.2
16 AQ03 01.01.2018 New KPT colony Residential 101 45 24.3 19.5 0.96 <17.4
17 AQ03 06.01.2018 New KPT colony Residential 103 57 13.1 18.8
18 AQ03 07.01.2018 New KPT colony Residential 108 56 13.6 16.5 0.69 <17.4
19 AQ03 14.01.2018 New KPT colony Residential 92 55 15.7 16.7
20 AQ03 25.10.2017 New KPT colony Residential 121 56 14.8 15.1 0.72 <17.4
1 AQ04 31.10.2017 Kandla Residential 122 33 9.5 18.0
2 AQ04 01.11.2017 Kandla Residential 176 46 9.9 16.4 0.74 <17.4
3 AQ04 10.11.2017 Kandla Residential 193 30 9.4 18.6
4 AQ04 11.11.2017 Kandla Residential 166 26 7.8 21.1 0.65 <17.4
5 AQ04 19.11.2017 Kandla Residential 192 48 9.4 17.7
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
6 AQ04 20.11.2017 Kandla Residential 111 24 9.2 20.5 0.78 <17.4
7 AQ04 29.11.2017 Kandla Residential 189 37 9.5 18.0
8 AQ04 30.11.2017 Kandla Residential 191 42 14.5 24.9 0.81 <17.4
9 AQ04 05.12.2017 Kandla Residential 122 56 8.1 14.5
10 AQ04 06.12.2017 Kandla Residential 141 39 16.5 25.2 0.78 <17.4
11 AQ04 15.12.2017 Kandla Residential 180 51 16.5 14.6
12 AQ04 16.12.2017 Kandla Residential 98 22 12.9 15.3 0.76 <17.4
13 AQ04 25.12.2017 Kandla Residential 114 52 15.1 23.8
14 AQ04 26.12.2017 Kandla Residential 171 49 12.8 23.7 0.61 <17.4
15 AQ04 02.01.2018 Kandla Residential 108 49 8.9 18.3
16 AQ04 03.01.2018 Kandla Residential 127 44 10.8 18.6 0.84 <17.4
17 AQ04 08.01.2018 Kandla Residential 101 46 11.5 15.7
18 AQ04 09.01.2018 Kandla Residential 98 43 11.6 17.4 0.81 <17.4
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
19 AQ04 31.10.2017 Kandla Residential 122 33 9.5 18.0
20 AQ04 01.11.2017 Kandla Residential 176 46 9.9 16.4 0.69 <17.4
1 AQ05 29.10.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 183 50 9.5 18.0
2 AQ05 30.10.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 113 58 9.9 16.4 0.59 <17.4
3 AQ05 08.11.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 81 41 9.4 18.6
4 AQ05 09.11.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 165 53 7.8 21.1 0.63 <17.4
5 AQ05 16.11.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 136 43 9.4 17.7
6 AQ05 23.11.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 146 49 9.2 20.5 0.51 <17.4
7 AQ05 24.11.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 175 36 9.5 18.0
8 AQ05 01.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 148 37 14.5 24.9 0.60 <17.4
9 AQ05 02.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 160 48 8.1 14.5
10 AQ05 09.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 101 36 16.5 25.2 0.74 <17.4
11 AQ05 10.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 107 49 16.5 14.6
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
12 AQ05 17.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 98 59 12.9 15.3 0.75 <17.4
13 AQ05 18.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 94 40 15.1 23.8
14 AQ05 25.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 112 56 12.8 23.7 0.76 <17.4
15 AQ05 26.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 108 36 8.9 18.3
16 AQ05 31.12.2017 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 127 49 10.8 18.6 0.80 <17.4
17 AQ05 01.01.2018 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 98 30 11.5 15.7
18 AQ05 08.01.2018 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 122 28 11.6 17.4 0.78 <17.4
19 AQ05 09.01.2018 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 86 30 16.5 25.2
20 AQ05 14.01.2018 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 108 34 7.8 14.5 0.64 <17.4
21 AQ05 15.01.2018 Nr ASAPPL terminal Industrial 96 45 11.4 19.1
1 AQ06 29.10.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 170 51 14.6 25.8
2 AQ06 30.10.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 47 22 17.9 35.8 0.89 <17.4
3 AQ06 10.11.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 170 41 5.4 14.6
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S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
4 AQ06 11.11.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 157 39 10.8 20.4 0.82 <17.4
5 AQ06 17.11.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 152 53 8.4 21.9
6 AQ06 18.11.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 127 25 18.9 45.6 0.94 <17.4
7 AQ06 25.11.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 164 56 9.5 21.4
8 AQ06 26.11.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 114 39 9.6 16.2 0.69 <17.4
9 AQ06 03.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 30 39 23.6 36.2
10 AQ06 04.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 68 47 17.3 27.4 0.86 <17.4
11 AQ06 11.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 124 48 37.6 43.6
12 AQ06 12.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 106 23 17.0 20.6 0.76 <17.4
13 AQ06 19.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 97 46 14.0 16.9
14 AQ06 20.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 99 50 13.9 18.5 0.58 <17.4
15 AQ06 27.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 103 46 14.9 23.0
16 AQ06 28.12.2017 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 153 40 12.3 16.0 0.69 <17.4
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 260
S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
17 AQ06 02.01.2018 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 86 51 19.3 16.9
18 AQ06 03.01.2018 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 89 49 13.2 17.4 0.65 <17.4
19 AQ06 06.01.2018 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 101 51 12.2 15.9
20 AQ06 07.01.2018 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 96 51 8.0 13.9 0.74 <17.4
21 AQ06 12.01.2018 Ahir Salt (Salt Pan) Industrial 117 54 14.2 27.4
1 AQ07 23.10.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 170 49 5.8 11.1
2 AQ07 24.10.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 147 48 9.4 13.9 0.61 <17.4
3 AQ07 28.10.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 158 53 10.1 9.2
4 AQ07 29.10.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 164 49 4.4 11.3 0.58 <17.4
5 AQ07 13.11.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 167 55 5.5 12.2
6 AQ07 14.11.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 178 48 7.0 10.1 0.69 <17.4
7 AQ07 21.11.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 125 53 8.6 11.9
8 AQ07 22.11.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 151 58 9.8 13.2 0.59 <17.4
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 261
S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
9 AQ07 27.11.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 148 59 9.2 14.1
10 AQ07 28.11.2017 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 119 29 8.2 17.9 0.74 <17.4
11 AQ07 07.12.17 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 134 43 8.7 16.9
12 AQ07 08.12.17 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 139 34 6.3 14.4 0.68 <17.4
13 AQ07 17.12.17 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 137 46 6.4 13.7
14 AQ07 18.12.17 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 101 51 9.0 16.1 0.61 <17.4
15 AQ07 27.12.17 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 159 52 6.0 14.5
16 AQ07 28.12.17 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 158 58 7.0 13.1 0.59 <17.4
17 AQ07 04.01.18 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 165 53 9.2 15.0
18 AQ07 05.01.18 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 158 56 7.7 16.9 0.65 <17.4
19 AQ07 12.01.18 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 141 49 5.8 13.7
20 AQ07 13.01.18 700 m South from project boundary Industrial 175 40 4.4 13.2 0.69 <17.4
1 AQ08 04.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 184 45 10.5 19.7
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 262
S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
2 AQ08 05.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 179 47 10.2 18.9 0.58 <17.4
3 AQ08 12.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 105 60 9.5 21.0
4 AQ08 13.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 92 57 12.4 27.7 0.70 <17.4
5 AQ08 19.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 106 28 9.4 18.3
6 AQ08 20.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 153 46 10.3 14.2 0.83 <17.4
7 AQ08 29.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 160 0 9.8 18.7
8 AQ08 30.11.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 152 35 10.0 14.5 0.82 <17.4
9 AQ08 09.12.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 121 31 12.1 12.9
10 AQ08 10.12.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 102 36 14.2 15.1 0.74 <17.4
11 AQ08 19.12.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 117 32 11.3 13.6
12 AQ08 20.12.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 95 54 12.1 14.8 0.67 <17.4
13 AQ08 29.12.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 110 0 13.7 13.8
14 AQ08 30.12.2017 Khari Rohar Village Residential 102 0 10.3 15.2 0.64 <17.4
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 263
S. No
Sta. Code Sampling
Date Sampling Location Area /Category
Average Pollutant Concentration (All units are in µg/m3 except CO in mg/m3; Minimum Reportable Readings are 3.7 µg/m3 for SO2
and 6.0 µg/m3 for NOX)
PM10 PM2.5 SO2 NOx CO VOCs
24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 24 hr 8 hr 4 hr
CPCB Norms Industrial, Residential, Rural and Other Area 100 60 80 80 2 NA
Ecologically Sensitive Area (Notified by Central Govt.) 100 60 30 30 2 NA
15 AQ08 04.01.2018 Khari Rohar Village Residential 119 0 10.0 15.9
16 AQ08 05.01.2018 Khari Rohar Village Residential 111 0 10.5 15.3 0.59 <17.4
17 AQ08 12.01.2018 Khari Rohar Village Residential 107 0 10.8 22.4
18 AQ08 13.01.2018 Khari Rohar Village Residential 115 0 10.5 17.3 0.61 <17.4
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 264
Annexure 13: Traffic Survey Results
Sampling Point Near Oil Jetty
Traffic Flow Oil Jetty to Kandla
Road Width 9.0
Sr No Time
Mechanized Vehicle Non -Mechanized Vehicle
All Category 2W 3W 4W >4W 2W 3W 4W
Bike/Moped Auto Car/Jeep/Auto Bus Truck Tractor Cycle Tricycle Cart
1 06:00 - 07:00 3 3 3 1 9 1 0 0 0 20
2 07:00 - 08:00 5 8 7 2 9 1 0 0 0 32
3 08:00 - 09:00 16 5 8 1 16 1 0 0 0 47
4 09:00 - 10:00 16 7 11 0 13 2 0 0 0 49
5 10:00 - 11:00 16 10 9 1 11 2 2 0 0 51
6 11:00 - 12:00 18 6 10 2 10 3 1 0 0 50
7 12:00 - 13:00 18 12 8 2 10 1 2 0 0 53
8 13:00 - 14:00 18 10 13 2 9 1 2 0 0 55
9 14:00 - 15:00 17 10 12 2 11 2 2 0 0 56
10 15:00 - 16:00 18 10 10 2 13 1 2 0 0 56
11 16:00 - 17:00 19 11 12 4 12 4 0 0 0 62
12 17:00 - 18:00 18 8 10 2 15 2 0 0 0 55
13 18:00 - 19:00 18 8 10 3 19 3 0 0 0 61
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 265
14 19:00 - 20:00 14 9 11 1 10 2 0 0 0 47
15 20:00 - 21:00 17 11 12 1 10 0 0 0 0 51
16 21:00 - 22:00 17 7 12 0 7 0 0 0 0 43
17 22:00 - 23:00 16 1 7 0 5 0 0 0 0 29
18 23:00 - 00:00 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3
19 00:00 - 01:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 01:00 - 02:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
21 02:00 - 03:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
22 03:00 - 04:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 04:00 - 05:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24 05:00 - 06:00 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Total 272 136 165 26 192 26 11 0 0 828
Sampling Point Near Oil Jetty
Traffic Flow Kandla to Oil Jetty
Road Width 9.0
Sr No Time
Mechanized Vehicle Non -Mechanized Vehicle
All Category 2W 3W 4W >4W 2W 3W 4W
Bike/Moped Auto Car/Jeep/Auto Bus Truck Tractor Cycle Tricycle Cart
1 06:00 - 07:00 9 5 9 1 23 2 0 0 0 49
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 266
2 07:00 - 08:00 11 4 8 3 22 3 0 0 0 51
3 08:00 - 09:00 13 5 7 2 26 2 0 0 0 55
4 09:00 - 10:00 15 5 15 2 19 2 0 0 0 58
5 10:00 - 11:00 12 4 23 3 29 4 2 0 0 77
6 11:00 - 12:00 14 4 20 2 27 6 1 0 0 74
7 12:00 - 13:00 16 5 20 2 23 4 2 0 0 72
8 13:00 - 14:00 18 7 15 3 23 4 2 0 0 72
9 14:00 - 15:00 14 5 22 2 24 2 2 0 0 71
10 15:00 - 16:00 11 3 19 2 29 1 2 0 0 67
11 16:00 - 17:00 16 4 19 4 23 4 0 0 0 70
12 17:00 - 18:00 12 4 16 2 21 2 0 0 0 57
13 18:00 - 19:00 11 4 16 3 23 3 0 0 0 60
14 19:00 - 20:00 11 2 16 1 22 2 0 0 0 54
15 20:00 - 21:00 11 4 16 1 20 0 0 0 0 52
16 21:00 - 22:00 7 3 19 0 11 0 0 0 0 40
17 22:00 - 23:00 5 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 13
18 23:00 - 00:00 0 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 8
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 267
19 00:00 - 01:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
20 01:00 - 02:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
21 02:00 - 03:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
22 03:00 - 04:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
23 04:00 - 05:00 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
24 05:00 - 06:00 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 8
Total 214 68 260 33 381 41 11 0 0 1008
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 268
Annexure 14: Fish Production Data of Kandla (2014-2016)
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT KANDLA PORT AT
KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 269
AADESH BRINE PVT. LTD. BITUMEN STORAGE & HANDLING PROJECT AT
KANDLA PORT AT KANDLA, GANDHIDHAM ANNEXURES
KADAM ENVIRONMENTAL CONSULTANTS | MARCH 2018 270
Annexure 15: NABET Certificate
CONTACT DETAILS
Vadodara (Head Office)
871/B/3, GIDC Makarpura, Vadodara, India – 390 010.
E: [email protected]; T:+91-265-6131000
Delhi / NCR
Spaze IT Park, Unit No. 1124, 11th Floor, Tower B-3, Sector 49, Near Omaxe City Center Mall, Sohna Road,
Gurgaon, India – 122 002
E: [email protected]; T: 0124-424 2430-436
Prepared using Kadam EIA Report Template, I01R11.Dotm 27-09-2017 1:23 PM
Kadam Environmental Consultants www . ka dame nv i r o . c om
Envi r onment for Devel opment