A WEB-BASED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR THE

HEALTH CARE CENTER DISTRIBUTION IN BALI

I Ketut Gede Darma Putra 1*, I Made Suwija Putra 2, Desy Purnami Singgih Putri 3 1,2,3 University of Udayana, Faculty of Engineering, Department of

Information Technology, Kampus Bukit Jimbaran,Badung, Bali

*Corresponding author: ikgdarmaputra@unud.ac.id

Abstract

A health care center is a tool and / or a place used to provide health services, whether

promotive, preventive, curative or rehabilitative by governments, local governments

and / or the public which directly contributes to public health. Because health care

centers have a very important role in emergency conditions, there is a great need for

speed and accuracy of information such as contact numbers, health care center

addresses and locations and also the choice of the route to the shortest location. So

far, the contact information of a health care center was obtained semi-conventionally

by visiting health center sites or calling a telecommunication service provider's call

center only to get an info on the desired call center. Therefore, it is needed a media

that can integrate contact data of health service center in a region with a presentation

based on the geographic information system. Geographic information systems (GIS)

or geospatial information system is a set of tools that captures, stores, analyzes,

manages, and presents data that related to the location. The geographic information

system of the health care centers distribution provides geographic information using

Google Maps servers provides the map and Google Maps API to display information

about a health care centers distribution in Bali. The result is a system that can provide

contact information of existing health care centers in Bali by displaying location

markers in maps, text, pictures along with phone numbers from the health center and

there is a directional feature on it so the user becomes easier to find. All of that is

accommodated in one system.

Keywords: GIS application; Google Maps; Marker; Health Care Center; Bali

BACKGROUND

Lately, information technology in the health sector has developed very

rapidly. Public health and health care have been substantially transformed by

information technology. No one can doubt that the rapid proliferation of computers

and computer-driven information systems have changed how we organize health care,

understand health needs, and deliver services (Ricketts, 2003). In this sector,

information technology is used to facilitate people to get the health care information.

One of the information that people usually need is the contact information of a health

service center such as address, phone number and, an overview of the atmosphere of

the health care center. This information is what people use as an initial basis in

determining which health care center they want. Fast, safe, precise and inexpensive

access to health care centers is needed by everyone, especially for urban people

(Ahlan and Ahmad, 2014; Youzi, Nemati and Emamgholi, 2017). A health care

center is a tool and/or a place used to provide health services, whether promotive,

preventive, curative or rehabilitative by governments, local governments and/or the

public (Presiden Republik Indonesia, 2009). An intended service center is a unit or

facility that provides health services organized by the government or private, for

example, doctor's practice, health center, clinic, and hospital (Kementerian Kesehatan

RI, 2014).

So far, the contact information of a health care center was obtained semi-

conventionally by visiting health center sites or calling a telecommunication service

provider's call center only to get an info on the desired call center. Of course, it takes

a long time to find information on contact numbers and locations of health care

centers. Therefore, it is needed a media that can integrate contact data of health

service center in a region with a presentation based on the geographic information

system.

Geographic information systems (GIS) or geospatial information system is a

set of tools that captures, stores, analyzes, manages, and presents data that related to

the location and also known as geographic information system which is a

combination of three main elements: system, information, and more on geographic

(Maguire, 1991; U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2015). GIS in the

distribution of health care centers is considered in analyzing health care needs,

access, and utilization, in service plans and services, including epidemiological

surveillance and in various decisions for social service services (McLafferty, 2003; T,

2009). we can say very confidently that Geographic Information Systems are

important tools in relation to the investigation of health sciences, disease surveillance,

understanding, prevention and one example of the application is web-based GIS.

These systems enable health-related information to be displayed (Najafabadi and

Pourhassan, 2010; Laksmita, Sudana and Buana, 2012; Fradelos et al., 2014; Jafar,

Parissa and Ali Akbar, 2017)

The geographic information system of the health care centers distribution that

has been built provides geographic information using Google Maps servers provides

the map and Google Maps API to display information about a health care centers

distribution and this research took place in Bali, one of the largest provinces in

Indonesia and famous island all over the world. Google Maps is used as a map server

(Blower, 2010) because it has more advantages compared to other mapping services

that are due, provided the features to manipulate the Google Maps code to plot your

own locations. Users are also able to create and share custom maps. The custom maps

environment allows users to add additional layers of content such as places, labels,

photos, and videos to the underlying Google Maps map. Moreover, you could

combine this base mapping technology with an external data source to instantly map

many location-based points of information. All this can be done on self-owned

domains, which seem to be independently owned by Google itself (Purvis, Sambells

and Turner, 2006; Doshi, Jain and Shakwala, 2014).

Additional services that are available in Google Maps include Street View, a

route planner for driving, public transit, walking and bicycling, and a business

locator. There are some viewing options such as the original two-dimensional Google

Maps view or the three-dimensional view with 360° street-level panoramic imagery.

These images are connected to the Google Maps map and embedded with information

on the street name and the approximate address (Vandeviver, 2014). Because of those

reasons, this research using Street View to facilitate direction to the selected location.

Previous research used as a basis for developing this system is like research

(Mansour, 2016). The main goal of our study was to accomplish a spatial assessment

of public health service across Riyadh Governorate. Inequalities in public health

service across the governorate were measured using various GIS methods. The

Average Nearest Neighbor, Euclidean distance, Zonal statistics, and Near analysis

tool within ArcGIS 10.2 are several methods was used on this research. This study

has contributed significantly to the field of health facility distribution and provision

and more importantly to inequalities of service availability according to population

size and geographic distances.

On research (Idowu et al., 2013), this paper The DIS (Distributed Information

System) essentially adopts the Internet/web-based technology because the efficiency

of data usage is very important considering the peculiarity of the case study country

(Nigeria). This prototype DIS was successfully designed using the UML, and

implemented using the ArcGIS software. The web-based aspect was handled using

the XML and CSS software program editor of the Macromedia Dreamweaver. Other

software resources such as Java Scripting, PHP, and MYSQL contributed immensely

in introducing the dynamism/interactivity (business logic) required for the web-based

system and between the user interfaces, and the database (backend).

On research (Boulos, 2005), this article said that Google and MSN's

worldwide distribution of "free" geospatial tools, imagery, maps and, eventually, in

future versions of their products, analysis capabilities, is to be commended. Building

on the powerful and universal visual language of geography, they succeeded in

making their customizable multi-purpose maps and imagery of the world familiar and

accessible to millions of ordinary Web users around the globe from outside the fields

of specialized geosciences.

On research (Sharestha, 2006) This paper discusses the use of the Google

maps API to connect the land site listed in the certificate of land with Google maps so

that the location of the land can be determined accurately. The applications were

made aiming to help the Land Officer and the public to know the location of the land

digitally. The utilization of GPS technology is used to determine the coordinate

points of the boundary in the form of latitude and longitude accordance with the

existing situation in the field. The advantage of mapping digital land certificates is

not only to know the land site but also get the information contained in the map and

make map-making is much cheaper because they do not need to use a lot of tools,

maintenance, in addition to the storage media practically do not need more space.

In this paper (Putra and Purnawan, 2016) The map technology used is Google

Maps. Customer’s coordinate is represented with a circle by the letter corresponds to

the customers’ group. In addition, this application research facilitated with distance

counter between one point with one other point on the Map (in meters), Road

indication facility from the meter clerks coordinates into customers coordinates who

will be recorded and direct locating on the coordinates of the selected customers.

This system applications were developed on server and the map engine uses

Google Maps server to provide contact information of health center in Bali by

displaying information in the form of a marker of map location, text, pictures along

with phone number of the health care center in Bali and also has a directional feature

start from the user location.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This research uses descriptive research method which is one of the most

commonly used methods in research that aims to explain an event (Sugiyono, 2010).

This research was conducted in the stages shown in Figure 1 below.

Observation of Research Data

System analysis

Study of literature

Database, Design and Testing program

Documentation

yes

Is it running well?

no

Figure 1. Stages of research a Web-based Geographic Information System for the

Health Care Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

The research methodology used in designing and building the Health care

Center Distribution Based on Geographic Information System in Bali as seen in

Figure 1.

a. Make observations to get the data of the health care center that used as

a research object.

b. System analysis performed on the existing system to determine which

features are necessary and important deemed to be added to the system

to be created.

c. The literature study is carried out by searching information related to

the system to be created based on books, journals, internet, papers and

other sources that can provide the required information.

d. At this stage, the application system is designed using data obtained

from the previous stages, created and tested to find out the deficiencies

that are still owned by applications that have been made. If in this

section there is an error that causes the system to not run properly then

it will return to the previous step.

e. Documentation is done on everything in the process of making the

application from the beginning to the final stage.

Data Source

Health care center information data shown in this research obtained from

direct observation to health service place all over Bali. The research used two data

collection methods, as follows:

a. Observation method, which is collecting data by visiting, observations, and

documentation directly to the data object by spreading volunteers to take data

in the form of photographs and using GPS tools to get the coordinates

longitude and latitude of the health care center location which is then stored

into the database system.

b. Literature study method, which is collecting data from reference books and

modules related to the system to be created.

System Overview

Figure 2 below illustrates how this system works.

Figure 2. System Overview of a Web-based Geographic Information System for the

Health Care Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

As seen in Figure 2, starting with the patient accessing the system and

searching the desired service center by typing the key of the health care center name

or by the selected district/city then the browser as the client requests the requested

object data to the server. The server then matches the existing data in the database

using the MYSQL engine, if there is a match then translated into PHP language with

JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) handle function as the data format in coordinate

transfer into remote Google Maps server over the internet which will run quickly (Li,

2011). Because of the extensive application in the Google Maps/Earth for its GIS

functions and data resources, the visualization components of the system are

relatively light-weight software (Wang, Huynh and Williamson, 2013).

Google Maps is a mapping service based on web service provided by Google

and consists of code blocks that are used to modify map according to user needs

(Akanbi and Agunbiade, 2013). It has many capabilities of mapping services based

on Google Maps and also has server-side properties, ie maps stored on Google

servers that can be exploited by users by accessing through the browser and have

connected to the Internet network. Google Maps provides an API (Application

Programming Interface) and allows other developers to use this application on their

own. The Google Maps API in this study serves to display geographic information

and to make calculations regarding the distances of destination locations with users

on the map (Li et al., 2013).

Data request that has been obtained by the server is then distributed to the

client to be displayed in the form of object data on a digital map. The interaction

process or communication of analysis information is recognized as an important

factor in information system development success (Gemino and Parker, 2009), one of

the models of description is that with use cases diagram as will look like in Figure 3.

The figure illustrates the user interaction with the system about what system functions

can be obtained by the user.

A Web-based Geographic Information System for the Healthcare Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

User/Patient

Access Data on Healthcare Center

objects

Display the location of the Healthcare

Center

Display data on contact information and building images from the Healthcare

Center

Showing the direction that can

be passed to Healthcare Center

Approximation distance of the

user's location with the Healthcare Center location

<<include>>

Figure 3 Use case diagram of a Web-based Geographic Information System for the

Health Care Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

Database Structure

The database used to store health care center data that has been compiled from

observation data by the system can be seen in Figure 4 below.

Figure 4. Database Structure of a Web-based Geographic Information System for the

Health Care Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

The health care center table is used to store contact data, address and location

of longitude and latitude that will be read by Google Map, the m_image table is used

to store the building image or other identifier from the health care center, the m_type

table is used to store the type of health care center and the m_regency, m_district,

m_village tables respectively used to store the name of the regency, the name of the

district and the name of the village of the health care center location.

RESULTS

Application a Web-based Geographic Information System for the Health Care

Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia can be accessed online via browser with a

compatible interface on all devices or called the responsive web. thus, making it easy

to access the system anywhere and anytime (Croner, 2004). This application has

features such as health care center location marker, health care center location search,

contact details and pictures of health care center building and directions to health care

center location.

Homepage view for guest user access as shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Homepage view of A Web-based Geographic Information System for the

Health Care Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

The red marker containing a red cross mark on the map represents the object

of the health care that scattered and adjacent from the location of the user in an area.

The user location on the map is represented by a plain red marker as seen in Figure 6.

The location of this user uses the location-based function in each device to get the

coordinates of the location of the user who is accessing.

Figure 6. Marker that shows the user location when accessing the system

DISCUSSIONS

Object Search Feature

The search feature is made to make searching of the desired health care center

become easier. This search can be done in 2 ways by typing the keyword name of

health care center or by filtering based on existing districts. The searching process

using keywords is to match the name health care center that is typed by the user with

the one in the database. Each matching word is indicated by the appearance of the

data in the search hint as shown in Figure 7. The second way is to search by data in

all districts in Bali by checking which districts will be displayed. Both of these search

processes are mutually simultaneous so that they can deepen search results.

Figure 7. Search feature view health care center

The search results included displaying health care center markers on maps that

matched the search content that was loaded. In addition, search results data is also

displayed in the form of a list of tables located below the map, showing the name,

address, phone number, and type of the health care centers which matches to the

keyword or the district selected. As in Figure 8 below.

Figure 8. List of tables view that displays contact data of health care service centers

in each district

List of tables data that appears on the system comes from the data in the

system database according to the desired search content. The list of tables data

offered in the system serves as an alternative search result for the user in finding the

health care center after the desired criteria.

Detail of information

Users can see the information about the health care center object on each

marker by clicking it. Then an information window will appear from the selected

marker. The information raised are the name, address and contact number of the

health care center. Information windows of health care center can be seen as in Figure

9 below.

Figure 9. An information window containing the name, address and health care center

contact on the Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I marker

In addition to information obtained from the information window as seen in

Figure 9. Details of information can be seen by click on the name of the health care

center on the health care center information window as seen in Figure 6, then the

contact details and image of the health center building will appear as additional

information for the user as an initial description of building facilities owned by the

health care company, as shown in Figure 10 below.

Figure 10. Detail information of health care center (Puskesmas Denpasar Barat I in

Denpasar)

CONCLUSIONS

From this research, it can be concluded that a geographic information system

for the health care center distribution in Bali has been developed by using Google

Maps that synergizes with PHP language, JSON, and the MySQL database engine.

This system has Google Street View feature to make the users become easier when

trying to follow the direction. It can be done via the internet and all of the contact

information of the health care center can be seen on one site. So that is expected to be

an additional solution for users or prospective patients in obtaining information on the

contact center and location of health care centers that are used as a consideration in

determining the choice of health care centers in the province of Bali that have the

fastest and right access. In addition, this system is able to become an alternative

technology in the world of health and facilitate the government of Bali Provincial in

monitoring the distribution of health services. In the future, it can be developed as the

base of disease spread in all health care centers.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Thanks to the volunteers who have recorded coordinates and took the building

pictures of the health care center in Bali directly on the location.

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A WEB-BASED

GEOGRAPHIC

INFORMATION

SYSTEM FOR THE

HEALTH CARE

CENTER

DISTRIBUTION IN

BALI

1

Author:

I Made Suwija Putra

2

I Ketut Gede Darma

Putra

Desy Purnami Singgih

Putri

2 3

BACKGROUND

and PROBLEM

○ A health care center is a tool and / or a place used to

provide health services, whether promotive, preventive,

curative or rehabilitative by governments, local

governments and / or the public which directly

contributes to public health.

○ So far, the contact information of a health care center

was obtained semi-conventionally by visiting health

center sites or calling a telecommunication service

provider's call center only to get an info on the desired

call center.

○ Therefore, it is needed a media that can integrate

contact data of health service center in a region with a

presentation based on the geographic information

system.

3

4

○ The geographic information system of the health

care centers distribution that has been built provides

geographic information using Google Maps servers

provides the map and Google Maps API to display

information about a health care centers distribution

○ this research took place in Bali.

○ it is related to the distribution of diseases, which is

the basis of distribution is a medical center

5

This system applications were developed to provide

contact information of health center in Bali by

displaying information in the form of a marker of map

location, text, pictures along with phone number of the

health care center in Bali and also has a directional

feature start from the user location.

6A Web-based Geographic Information System for the Healthcare Center Distribution in Bali-Indonesia

User/Patient

Access Data on Healthcare Center

objects

Display the location of the Healthcare

Center

Display data on contact information and building images from the Healthcare

Center

Showing the direction that can

be passed to Healthcare Center

Approximation distance of the

user's location with the Healthcare Center location

<<include>>

User

Interaction /

Use Case

Diagram

RESULT

HOMEPAGE

VIEW

7

we have about 294 data on health care center spread

throughout Bali province

DETAIL

INFORMATION

OF HEALTH

CARE CENTER

8

CONCLUSION

○ This system developed by using Google

Maps has Google Street View feature to

make the users become easier when

trying to follow the direction.

○ In addition, this system is able to become

an alternative technology in the world of

health and facilitate the government of

Bali Provincial in monitoring the

distribution of health services.

9

FURTHER

DEVELOPMENT

○ In the future, it can be developed as the

base of disease spread in all health care

centers.

10

11

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

○ Thanks to the volunteers who have recorded

coordinates and took the building pictures of the

health care center in Bali directly on the location.

Thanks U!

12