A Watchdog For Indigenous Cattle Breeds To Increase Milk ... · Dairying and animal husbandry along...

A Watchdog For Indigenous CattleBreeds To Increase Milk Yield in Indian

Dairy Farms

A.P.Roger Rozario1, S.Pravinth Raja2,S.Arjuman Banu3, S.Nagarani4

1Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering2Department of Computer Science and Engineering

3,4Department of Science and Humanities1,2,3,4Sri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology

Coimbatore, India.

October 14, 2018

Abstract

Dairying and animal husbandry along with agriculturecontinue to be an integral part of human life since the civ-ilization process started. The demand for milk is tremen-dous, and is growing not only in cities but also in smalltowns and rural areas. Over the past two decades, dairyfarming has progressed in the direction of becoming an or-ganized industry that encompasses not only increased pro-duction of milk and milk products, but also the breeding ofhigher yielding cattle, scientific rearing of animals and feedproduction. Dairy farming in India is now evolving from justan agrarian way of life to a professionally managed industry.India continues to be the largest producer of milk achieving155.499 metric tonnes during 2015-2016 and the demand formilk is also growing. The milk yield is majorly affected dueto improper domestication. Monitoring the activities andhealth of the cattle continuously and taking corrective mea-sures help in increasing the milk productivity. Monitoring

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International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 120 No. 6 2018, 891-905ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

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cattle the whole day requires skilled human personnels andit is also time consuming. Our product senses temperature,rumination and other cattle activities through the sensorsand sends data to data logger. The collected data fromdata logger is sent to the micro-controller and uploaded tocloud. The data are retrieved from cloud to our mobile ap-plication. It alerts the farmers in case of any abnormalities.An algorithm is developed to predict the cattles behavioralchanges and diseases. This helps in preventing the cattlefrom diseases at early stage and increase milk productivity.

Key Words::component; formatting; style; styling; in-sert (key words)

1 Introduction

Dairying and agriculture continue to be an integral part of humanlife. These practices have contributed not only to the food bas-ket and draught animal power but also for maintaining ecologicalbalance. Owing to conducive climate and topography, Animal hus-bandry and Dairying have played prominent socio-economic role inIndia. India continues to be the largest producer of milk in world.According to the most recent data from food and agriculture or-ganization India has 75 million dairy farms about half of all dairyfarms in the world. More than 90% of Indias milk production con-centrated on 14 of countrys 29 states. Indian dairy production ischaracterized as a low input/low output system mostly constitutedby small and marginal farmers and landless laborers owning lessthan five cows or water buffaloes. In general, milk productivityof dairying animals is very low in when compared with the globaldemands. Per Government of India (GOI) statistics for the fiscalyear 2014-15, the average milk yield of indigenous cattle, water buf-faloes and exotic breeds is 2.5, 5.2 and 7.2 Kg per day respectively.The Indian dairy sector produced 134.5 million tonnes of milk lastyear. Over the past decades production increased from 53.9 milliontonnes in ’90-’91 to 127 million tonnes in 2011-2012. The Asiancountry represents 17% of the world’s total dairy production. Thismakes India the largest dairy producing country in the world. TheIndian government is aiming for an intensive expansion of milkproduction to 180 million tonnes in 2021-22. This is happening

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within the framework of the National Dairy Plan (NDP). Partic-ularly small family farms with few cows account for an importantpart of India’s milk production. In 2010, Indian dairy farmers kepta total of 109 million animals for the dairy industry (almost halfconcerns buffaloes). Development of our system focuses on Indiandairy industry which increases the countrys GDP. The demand formilk is tremendous, and is growing not only in cities but also insmall towns and rural areas. Despite the increasing demand drivenby more nutrition consciousness of people, increasing populationand their incomes, for the past few years Indias milk productionrate did not witness a spectacular growth whereas its consumptionis increasing at faster rate. The health of the cattle plays a majorrole in the milk production. The various factors that affect themilk production are climate, feed, bacterial and viral infections,stress, nutrition deficiency, mastitis etc. The farmers will get toknow that the cattle are affected by disease only at its lateral stageof disease. This improper domestication will drastically affect themilks quantity and quality. Monitoring the activities and health ofthe cattle in farming industries continuously and taking correctivemeasures helps in increasing the productivity. Monitoring of cattlethe whole day requires skilled human personnels and it is also timeconsuming.

2 PROPOSED SOLUTION

Indian diary has output value of INR 5,00,405 crore in 2014-2015which proves that diary is the high-ranking market commodity inIndia. Based on the report by National Dairy Development Board(NDDB), the demand for milk will reach about 155 million tons by2016-2017 and about 200 million tons by 2022. To meet the demandin the absence of increased production, India will need to dependon foreign imports. This situation is due to improper maintenanceof cattle by the farmers and no development of innovative prod-ucts in the market to support the cattle maintenance. The milkproduction has to be increased to an average of 5 million tonnesper annum for the next 15 years to supply the demand. The milkyield is reduced mainly due to low genetic potential, lack of nutri-tional feeds and inadequate veterinary services. Indias growth in

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milk production therefore largely depends on an increase in veteri-nary services and sufficient additional quantities of feed and fodder.People follow the traditional technique involving labor to monitorthe activities of cattle which will not lead to meet the national milkdemand. The proposed model has non-invasive sensors which mea-sures the particular characteristics to monitor the health activitiesof cattle. This dairy management system helps to maximize cattleperformance and boost efficiency of milk productivity. The smart-tag focuses on individual cows and helps in identified the activity,behavior, position, signs of heat, etc. The information is turnedinto real time and reports to the farmers and maps to manage theherd effectively. It combines the advanced range of specifications ina single, technical and yet easy-to-use smart tag. The main objec-tive is to increase the milk production by monitoring the health ofthe cattle 24/7 through mobile application using and implementingappropriate remedies automatically or with the help of veterinar-ian services. It allows to access the health and wellness of the farmwithout having to leave the comfort of your own home.

3 BLOCK DIAGRAM AND ITS OP-

ERATION

A modeling related to monitoring of physiological parameters andvariations has been obtained in the cow. The general block diagramfor the proposed model is given below,

Figure 1: Block Diagram

Our project is based on Precision Livestock Farming (PLF), un-like more traditional livestock management methods which focuson the herd, PLF is based on: 1. the monitoring of variables at

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the individual level and at an appropriate frequency with reliablesensors. 2. The development of predictive models describing theanimals responses to environmental stimuli for each measured vari-able. 3. The comparison of the prediction models with what isactually measured through the sensors. Our model uses a spe-cially designed tag fitted to the cow, which mounts all the sensorsfor monitoring the cattle health and behavior. Sensors enable themonitoring of many physical variables. The flex sensor fitted to thecattle tag, as a result of the cattle jaw movement changes the elec-trical resistance between the electrodes which induces a change involtage which in turn produces a signal which was proportional tothe extent of the jaw movement and waving. It is used successfullyto differentiate grazing and ruminating behaviors and to measuretime spent grazing, ruminating and idling. The temperature sensormonitors the cattle temperature and alerts the farmer in case ab-normal temperatures which drastically affects the milk production.The sensor also helps the farmer to detect pregnancy at an earlystage. Tracking location on cattle is done by Global system forMobile Communications. The Accelerometer sensor helps in deter-mining the resting period of the cow since resting period determinesthe milk productivity. Microphones used for recording jaw soundsof a grazing ruminant can be used to discriminate bites or chews.This allows the classification between grazing or ruminating behav-ior to be achieved over time with a succession of bites or chews. Ina microphone, sounds are going through a flexible diaphragm andcause vibrations. The output electrical signal is proportional to theintensity of these vibrations as well as their frequencies. All the sen-sors are interfaced with the partical photon and the sensed valuesare stored in the cloud. A unique algorithm is used to detect thestatus of the cattle taking into account all the sensed parametersand an android app alerts the farmers to take appropriate actionsin case of any abnormalities.

4 INTERFACING AND WORKING

A. FLOWCHART:The flowchart for watchdog to alert the farmers when needed isgiven below,

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Figure 2: Flowchart for watchdog

B. PLACEMENT OF SENSORS:The disease of cattle and its behavioural changes and the placementof sensors to monitor the changes are given below,

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Figure 3: Tabular column for diseases, symptoms and placementof sensors

C. OPERATION OF SENSORS:i) Temperature and Humidity sensor (DHT11):DHT11 is a calibrated composite sensor with digital output of tem-perature and the humidity sensing technology with high stability.It consists of NTC temperature measurement devices and a 8-bitprocessor.ii) Pulse Sensor KG011:KG011 is a composite sensor with an analog output of the pulse,this helps to find the rate of flow of blood. It is a thin, small, lowpower sensor with Conditioned analog output voltages.The sensor is a polysilicon surface-micro machined structure builton silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspended structure over thesurface wafer provides resistance over the blood flow. The resis-tance of the polysilicon increases when the blood flows and it isconverted into a voltage and this is measured continuously for a

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period of time. It is used to determine the pulse rate of the humanor an animal.iii) Microphone Sound detection module KY-038:The microphone is used to feed the input to an amplifier, peak de-tector and the buffer. When the sensor detects a sound, it processesan output voltage signal which is sent to controller, then performsnecessary processing.Microphones are generally scalar sensors of pressure. They exhibitan omnidirectional response, limited only by the scattering profileof their physical dimensions. Sound intensity or sound power mea-surements require pressure-gradient measurements.iv) Accelerometer ADXL335:ADXL335 is a thin, small, low power, complete 3-axis accelerometerwith conditioned output voltages. This can measure acceleration ofabout 3g. It can measure the static acceleration of gravity result-ing from motion, shock and vibration. The sensor is a polysiliconsurface-micro machined structure built on silicon wafer. Polysil-icon springs suspended structure over the surface wafer providesresistance over the acceleration forces. Deflection of the structureis measured by a differential capacitor consists of fixed plates andplates attached to the moving mass are driven by 1800 out-of-phasesquare waves. Acceleration deflects the moving mass and unbal-ances the differential capacitor resulting in a sensor output whoseamplitude is proportional to acceleration. Phase-sensitive demodu-lation techniques are used to determine the magnitude and directionof the acceleration.

5 DEVELOPMENT OF WEB USER

INTERFACE

The web user interface reflects a dashboard which displays the sta-tus of the cow and the entire farm. The web UI is created usingnode red software.A. NODE RED:Node red is an open source visual editor for wiring the Internet ofThings (IOT).The system contains ”Nodes” which look simply tobe icons that can be dragged and dropped on to the canvas andwired together. Each Node has different functionality.

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Figure 4: Node icons

The nodes typically falls under input operation or output. Node-RED provides a browser-based flow editor, which can be used tocreate JavaScript functions.B. STEPS IN CREATING NODE FLOW:1. Add an inject node:The inject node allows us to inject messages into a flow. We canalso set a time intervals between every injects.2. Add a debug node:It displays the messages in the debug sidebar. As a default, it justdisplays the payload of the message, but it is also capable of dis-playing the entire message object.3. Wiring of nodes:The inject and debug nodes are connected together by draggingbetween the output port of one to the input port of the other. 4.Deploy:The nodes that are displayed in the editor must be deployed to theserver. 5. Add a function node:This node allows to pass the message as a JavaScript function. Thefunction node is wired between the inject and debug nodes.C. MQQT:MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a publish-subscribe-based messaging protocol. It works on top of the TCP/IP proto-col. It is designed for giving connections for remote locations wherethere is limited network bandwidth. Every messaging pattern re-quires a message broker.MQTT is a machine-to-machine (M2M) data transfer protocol thatis quickly becoming the leading messaging protocol for the Indus-trial Internet of Things (IIoT). MQTT collects data from manydevices and then transports that data to the IT infrastructure. Itis lightweight, and therefore ideal for remote monitoring, small codefootprint or where network has limited bandwidth.D. WORKING:MQTT is a publish/subscribe protocol that allows the network de-

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vices to publish to a broker. Clients are connected to this bro-ker, which act as a communication medium between the two de-vices. Each device can subscribe, or register to particular topics.When any client publishes a particular message on a s topic, thebroker takes up the message and forward it to the other requiredclient. MQTT is bidirectional. The light weightiness and efficiencyof MQTT makes it possible to significantly increase the amountof data being monitored or controlled. Prior to the invention ofMQTT, approximately 80% of data was being left at remote loca-tions, even though various lines of business could have used thisdata to make smarter decisions. MQTT helps to collect, transmit,and analyze more of the data being collected.E. APPLICATION OF MQQT:MQTT was initially developed for low-bandwidth, high-latency datalinks. MQTT is now used in many applications from controllingsmart lighting systems to the Face book Messenger application.MQTT appears to be the best suited protocol for the control sys-tems applications used by industries.F. WEB UI MODELLING:Particle photon pins are configured for each sensor and it is con-nected with the cloud server by the help of an auth code or by thehelp of MQTT broker. An interactive webpage is designed in orderto get the exact status of the farm and to give a live view about thefarm. An app is developed with the help of semantic framework togive an interactive UI for the users. The app is supplied with thedata from the cloud server. The app is designed in such a way togive report about the farm and to send alerts about the abnormalcattle.

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Figure 5: IoT Diagram

Figure 6:Product collar

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Figure:7 Android application for the farmer

6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

IoT Technology was applied for the monitoring of the cows in thedairy farm. The developed system was tested for a period of 30days taking three reference sample cows. Temperature, Rumina-tion, mooing pattern and activity of the cows were monitored andthe data was collected through IoT and stored in the databasefor further analysis. The collected data was processed through aunique algorithm which forecasts the diseases that might occur andthe factors affecting the milk yield and alerts the farmer and the

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doctor linked to the cow. This procedure reduced the operationcost by up to 17% with respect to the maintenance of the cows andthe doctors were alerted in case of any abnormalities in the statusof the cows.

References

[1] Meenakshi.M,Snehal.Skharde,Advanced cattle health monitor-ing system using arduino and IOT, international journal ofadvance research in electrical, electronics and instrumentationengineering, vol.5,issue 4,April 2016.

[2] Kunjabihari swain, Satyasopanmahato, Meerinaatro Cattlehealth monitoring system using arduino and LABVIEW forearly detection of diseases, 2017 IEEE 3rd International con-ference on sensing, signal Processing and security.

[3] L.Nagl, R.Schmitz, S.Warren,Wearable sensor system for wire-less state of health determination in cattle, Proceedings of the25th annual international conference of IEEE EMBS.

[4] Lan Zhang, Jian Lu, Hironao Okada and Hirofumi NogamiDevelopment of ITO and fet based cow rumen sensor for longterm ph value monitoring, 2016 Symposium on Design, Test ,Integration Packaging on MEMS and MOEMS.

[5] Phung Cong Phi Khanh, Ngyuendinhchinh and Trinh ThiCham Classification of behavior using 3-dof accelerometer anddecision tree algorithm IEEE 2016.

[6] Kevin Smith, Angel Martinez, Howard Erickson, Daniel An-dersen and Steve Warren, An integrated cattle monitoring sys-tem, Proceedings of the 28th IEEE, New York City, USA, Aug30-Sep 3,2006.

[7] Hai Wang, Abraham O. Fapojuwo, Senior Member, IEEE andRobert J. Davies, A Wireless Sensor Network for Feedlot An-imal Health Monitoring,IEEE sensors journal, Vol.16, No.16,Aug 15 2016.

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[8] Anuj Kumar and Gerhard P. Hancke, Senior Member, IEEE, AZigbee-Based Animal Health Monitoring System, IEEESensorsJournal, Vol 15, No 1, Jan 2015.

[9] Steve Warren, Angel Martinez, Timothy Sobering and DanielAndresen Electrocardiographic Pill for Cattle Heart Rate De-termination,30th annual International IEEE EMBS conferenceVancouver, British Columbia,Canada,Augest 20-24,2008.

[10] Seth Hoskins, Timothy Sobering, Daniel Andersen and SteveWarren,Near-Field Wireless Magnetic Link for an IngestibleCattle Health Monitoring Pill,31st annual International Con-ference of the IEEE EMBS Minneapolis , Minnesota, USA,September 2-6,2009.

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