A U R A Satellite MissionT E S

http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/images/106949main_aura_sc_blkbg-lg.jpg

What is TES?

Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer

Measures simultaneous concentration of gasses in the atmosphere◦ Ozone◦ Carbon Monoxide◦ Water Vapor

http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/images/home_WhatIsTESContent_th276.jpg

Orbit and CoverageSun Synchronous Orbit

438 miles above earth’s surface

Inclination of 98.21 degrees

Nadir Pointing and Limb Pointing

http://www.heavens-above.com/orbitdisplay.asp?lat=0&lng=0&alt=0&loc=Unspecified&TZ=CET&satid=28376

TES MeasurementsMeasure infrared radiances

◦ Surface Temperature

Vertically resolved measure of atmospheric gasses◦ Ozone◦ Carbon Monoxide ◦ Water Vapor◦ Nitric Acid

Special Observations◦ Air Pollution

TES FunctionalityFourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FTIR)

◦ Infrared emissions from gasses◦ Everything above absolute zero emits infrared energy

at a certain wavelength

Makes a scan every 4 or 16 seconds

Spectral Resolution of 0.1cm-1 to .025cm-1◦ Used to pinpoint wavelengths◦ Infrared absorption lines

Determines altitude of substance in atmosphere

TES Functionality

http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/uploadedfiles/instrument_geometries.gif

TES Data

http://www.nasa.gov/centers/jpl/images/content/159454main_tes-20060925-browse.jpg

Special ObservationsScheduled only during 9 or 10 orbit gaps

Conducted in 3 modes◦ Stare◦ Transect◦ Step-&-Stare

Depends on requirements

3 Special Observation ModesStare

◦ Volcano monitoring◦ Biomass Burning◦ Industrial Accidents

Nadir Mode

Points to a target region of interest◦ Up to 4 minutes

Has to be in ±45 degrees in nadir direction

3 Special Observation Modes

http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/visualization/SCIENCE_PLOTS/R11/PNG_Files/run10269/run_10269_curtain_ret_O3.png

3 Special Observation Modes

Transect◦ Regional Pollution studies

Nadir Mode

Point at a set of contiguous areas◦ Covers up to 850 km

http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/images/transect_mode.gif

3 Special Observation Modes

Step-&-Stare

Nadir mode◦ Points in nadir for 4 seconds◦ Moves 39 km in orbit◦ Point again, move 35 km

Step-&-Stare

http://www.sjaa.net/eph/0812/tes_o3-co-transects.jpg

Applications of TESDetermine atmospheric temperature and

humidity profile

Local Surface Temperature

Local Surface reflectance and admittance

Calibration

Sensitivity

Changes from time to time◦ Use average kernel for calibration◦ Degrees of Freedom

A U R A Satellite MissionO M I

What is OMI?Ozone Monitoring

Instrument

http://www.dutchspace.nl/uploadedImages/Products_and_Services/Instruments/OMI/OMI_OPTICAL_BENCH_DM.JPG

OMI Parameters

OMI HeritageOMI ESA Predecessors

◦ GOME◦ SCIAMACHY

Introduced concept of measuring in full spectrum UV/VIS/near-IR wavelength with high spectral resolution◦ Allows retrieval of several

trace gasses from same measurement

http://envisat.esa.int/instruments/tour-index/hardware_img/x_Fmint01.jpg

http://www.iup.uni-bremen.de/doas/images/gome2/gome-2_instrument.png

OMI HeritageAmerican predecessor of

OMI◦ NASA’s TOMS◦ Total Ozone Mapping

Spectrometer

Used only 8 wavelength bands◦ Obtained ozone column

Had very small ground pixel size◦ 50 km x 50 km◦ Combo with daily global

coverage

http://suzaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GLI2/adeos/Project/Toms.html

OMI AdvantageCombines advantages of GOME SCIAMACHY

and TOMS

Measures complete spectrum of UV/VIS/IR wavelengths

Range of high resolution◦ 13 km x 24 km and daily global coverage

OMI Functionality Nadir viewing imagery spectrometer

Uses hyperspectral viewing ◦ Push broom like mode◦ Observes solar backscatter from atmosphere and surface

Uses wavelengths 270-500nm

114 degree viewing angle◦ Allows 2600 km swath (Global Coverage)

Daily Global Average

OMI FunctionalityGlobal mode

◦ Pixel size of 13 km x 24 km

Zoom Mode◦ Spatial resolution reduced◦ 13 km x 12 km

Enables OMI to look between clouds

Good for receiving tropospheric information

Does not allow for global coverage

OMI Data Products

http://www.volcano.si.edu/volcanoes/region08/ivm_arc/anatahan/3004ana1.jpg

OMI Data Products

http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/

OMI Data Products

www.knmi.nl/~veefkind/images.html

References NASA, . (2009). Ozone monitoring instrument. Retrieved from

NASA,. (2009). Omi: ozone monitoring instrument. Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/aura/spacecraft/omi.html

KNMI, . (2008, December 16). Omi instrument summary. Retrieved from http://www.knmi.nl/omi/research/instrument/index.php

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, . (2009). Tropospheric emission spectrometer: orbit and coverage. Retrieved from http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/instrument/orbitcoverage/

Jet Propulsion Laboratory, . (2009). Tropospheric emission spectrometer: orbit and coverage. Retrieved from http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/instrument/specialobservations/

NASA, . (2009). What is Tes?. Retrieved from http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/whatistes/

NASA, . (2009). Nasa instruments. Retrieved from http://aura.gsfc.nasa.gov/instruments/tes.html

NASA, (2009) Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer. Ozone Processing Team. Retreived from http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/