A seminar on –Oral Hygiene in Toothpase
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Transcript of A seminar on –Oral Hygiene in Toothpase
A seminer on –DENTIFRICES AND ORAL
HYGIENE
Prepared By- KULDIP DEKAROLL NO- 19
B.PHARM 4TH YEARDEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, DIBRUGARH UNIVERSITY
Oral hygiene:
Oral hygiene is the practice of keeping the mouth and teeth clean to prevent dental problems,most commonly,dental cavitie, gingivitis, periodontal (gum) diseases and bad breath.
There are also oral pathologic conditions in which good oral hygiene is required for healing and regeneration of the oral tissues.
How oral hygiene can be maintained..By proper brushing FlossingAvoid tobaccoUsing limit soda, coffee and alcoholConsume calcium and other vitamins like vit D, B complex etc.Visit dentist at least twice in a yearClean the tongue with the teeth Use of Dentrifrices
A dentifrice is a substance used with a toothbrush for the purpose of cleaning the surfaces of the teeth.
The term ‘dentifrice’ is a french word for tooth paste derived from dens (tooth) and fricare (to rub).
Dentifrices are found in form of PASTE,POWDER,GEL and LIQUID.
What are Dentifrices?
Mechanically remove stains,debris and soft deposits from the teeth.
To impart a polished surface to the teeth.
They act as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic agents.
Function of Dentifrices:
i] Amount of toothpaste or gel needed for effective cleaning is per sized dab on the top
half of the toothbrush
ii] Dentifrice should preferably dispersed in between bristles rather than on the tips
iii] Children under 6 years of age should only be given half the amount of dentifrice as
compared to that of an adult
APPLICATION
ToothpasteToothpaste is a dentifrice used in conjunction with
a toothbrush to help maintain oral hygiene. The essential components are an abrasive, binder, surfactant and humectant.The scientific and dental community alsorecommends a fluoride containing toothpaste.
The main purpose of the paste is to help remove debris and plaque with some marketed to serve accessory functions such as breath freshening and teeth whitening.
Different types of Dentifrices :
Anti-decay toothpaste:
They contain fluoride compounds such as sodium fluoride (naf), stannous fluoride (snf2)etc.If the fluoride content is 1,000 ppm (parts per million) or above they are all effective in preventing tooth decay. Children toothpaste contains 500ppm fluoride and is usually flavoured with Fruit flavour, candy flavour, which is more appealing to children.
Again toothpaste are subdivide on basis on their action as-
Desensitizing toothpaste relief dentine hypersensitivity symptoms.They interrupt the neurone response to pain stimuli and they covers the dentinal tubules of dentine. Active ingredients such as potassium nitrate or arginine, etc. are used by different manufacturers. Anti-calculus toothpaste:
Calcification of dental plaque could be retarded by this kind of toothpaste, thus it reduces the rate of calculus formation. The active ingredient is pyrophosphate or zinc citrate.
Desensitizing toothpaste
Anti-plaque toothpaste: This kind of toothpaste inhibits plaque
accumulation, reduces the toxic effects of the bacterial toxin on the tooth surrounding tissues, thereby reduces the chances of getting gum disease. In the market, different anti-plaque toothpastes contain different active ingredients. For example, triclosan or zinc citrate, etc. Whitening toothpaste:
This kind of toothpaste contains relatively coarse abrasives which function by abrading the stains on the tooth surface, giving a whitening effect.In whitening toothpaste bleaching agents are also used like Hydrogen Peroxide which enters to the enamel part of the teeth.
Tooth powderTooth powder was generally used among
the romans, who used a variety of substances, such as the bones, hoofs, and horns of certain animals; crabs; egg-shells etc.Mouthwash
Mouthwashes come in a variety of compositions, many claiming to kill bacteria that make up plaque or to freshen breath. In their basic form, they are usually recommended for use after brushing but some manufacturers recommend pre-brush rinsing. Dental research has recommended that mouthwash should be used as an aid to brushing rather than a replacement, because the sticky resistant nature of plaque prevents it from being actively removed by chemicals alone, and physical detachment of the sticky proteins is required.
Basic ingredients and functions : Abrasives: An abrasive is a substance that is used for abrading, grinding or polishing found as crystals, small and smooth particles. Silica is a common abrasive in dentifrices; alumina and calcium carbonate may also be used. Humectants: Maintain moisture and consistency of paste.These are short-chained polyalcohol used in toothpastes to prevent loss of water, and subsequent hardening of the paste, when it is exposed to air. They also provide creamy texture. Glycerine and sorbitol are frequently used.
Solvents: Water is the most common solvent used in toothpaste. It dissolves the ingredients and allows them to be mixed. Alcohol is used in mouth rinses as a solvent and taste enhancer.Foaming agent: antibacterial properties,lowers surface tension,facilitates flow of paste over teeth.Flavoring agent: Combinations of water-insoluble essential oils, such as spearmint, peppermint, eucalyptus and menthol are often used . Toothpastes and mouthwashes often have a very strong flavour. This is necessary to cover the horrid taste of most detergents, especially SLS. Flavouring agents are also added to meet the customers demand for a fresh sensation during and after brushing the teeth
DETERGENTS(SURFACTANTS): Detergents lowers the surface tension of the liquid environment
in the oral cavity so that the substances in the toothpaste/mouthwash can contact the teeth more easily. They penetrate and dissolve plaque. This makes it easier to clean the teeth. The foaming effect produced by the detergent is also beneficial in cleaning the teeth, and contributes to remove debris and gives a feeling of cleanness. Another function of the detergent is to help in dispersing the flavours in the toothpaste/mouthwash. The most widely used detergent is sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). SWEETENERS
Sweeteners also improve the taste of toothpastes and mouthwashes and give them a mild and sweet taste. Several toothpaste companies make their own toothpaste for children with an even sweeter taste. The most common used sweeteners are sodium saccharin, sorbitol and glycerin. Xylitol is a sweetener that is also claimed to provide anti-caries activity.
COLOURING AGENTS Most toothpastes and mouthwashes contain colour-substances
to give them an attractive appearance. The colour-substances are classified by the colour index (CI), published by the society of dyers and colourists and the american association of textile chemists and colourists, or by a system called the F D & C colours. Titanium dioxide is often added to toothpastes to give them a white, opaque colour.PRESERVATIVES
Preservatives prevent the growth of micro-organisms in toothpastes and mouthwashes. Common preservatives include sodium benzoate, methylparaben andethylparaben.
THERAPEUTIC AGENTS One or more therapeutic agents are usually added to toothpastes and mouthwashes.
Some theraputic agents used in dentifrices:
Anti-dentine hypersensitivity agents-Potassium salts Anti-calculus agents : Pyrophosphate , ZincAnti-plaque agents-Triclosan,Sodium Lauryl Sulphate,Essential oils,Chlorhexidine etc.Anti-caries agents-Fluoride,Xylitol,Calcium,PhosphateWhitening agents-Papain,sodium bicarbonate
Ingredient % of Content Example
Abrasives
20%-40%Silicon Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Granular polyvinyl Chloride
Water
Humectants
Foaming agent
Sweetening agent
Binding agent
Flavoring agent
Therapeutic agent
Preservative
Sorbitol, Mannitol, Propylene glycol, Glycerine
Sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium N-lauroyl sarcosinate
Sorbitol, Mannitol, Glycerine
Silicon Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Granular polyvinyl Chloride
Silicon Oxide, Aluminum Oxide, Granular polyvinyl Chloride
Fluoride, tetra sodium phosphate
Benzoic acid
20%-40%
20%-40%
1%-2%
2%
2%
2%
2%
1%
1% Colouring agent
TYPICAL COMPOSITION:
Side effects of some chemicals of Dentrifices:Sodium Fluoride: The main ingredient in toothpaste and rat poison. Fluorides have been used throughout history to alter the behavior and mood of human beings.More use of fluoride containing toothpaste may also leads flurosis. Surprisingly, fluoride has NEVER been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the USA.Coloring agents: FD&C color dyes may also cause potentially severe allergic reactions, asthma attacks, headaches, nausea, fatigue, nervousness, lack of concentration, and cancer.Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS):SLS has been found to be quite corrosive and harmful to skin tissue says a report by the American College of Toxicity. The journal of the American College of Toxicology reports that SLS can penetrate and be retained in the eye, brain, heart, and liver with potentially harmful long-term effects. Triclosan: A pesticide found in many types of toothpaste. Triclosan is a chlorophenol, which is a class of chemicals that is suspected of causing cancer in humans. Hydrated Silica:A whitener that damages tooth enamel.
Dr. Rosales from Arrow Smile Dental,20530 E. Arrow Hwy, Suite A Covina, CA 91724, Date- 18th april 2016 at 10:30PM.Dr. Warren Scherer, New York University College of Dentistry, as reported by The Naples Daily News. Date- 18th April 2016 at 11:15PMAn article by Dr. Archana J. Sharda, Senior lecturer, From 26/27- 6 New Fatehpura, Udaipur- 313001. Rajasthan, India Published on the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DENTAL CLINICS VOLUME 2 ISSUE 2 APRIL-JUNE 2010. Download Date- 26th April 2016 at 12:15AM.“RELATIVE ROLE OF DENTIFRICE AND THE TOOTHBRUSH IN PLAQUE REMOVAL”M.J. Cronin 1, W.Z. Dembling 1, D.M. Jacobs 2, M.L. Low* 2, and D.A. Weber 2 (1 New Institutional Service.572 Company, Northfield, New Jersey, USA; 2Oral-B Laboratories, Belmont, California, USA). DATE:27-04-2016 TIME-12:30AM
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