A Road Map to Civil War:A Road Map to Civil War:An Uneasy CompromiseAn Uneasy Compromise

Northwest Ordinance (1787)Northwest Ordinance (1787)

(1787) Banned slavery in the (1787) Banned slavery in the Northwest territoriesNorthwest territories

Louisiana Purchase (1803)Louisiana Purchase (1803)

Doubled the size Doubled the size of the U.S.of the U.S.

Lead to the debate Lead to the debate on expansion of on expansion of slaveryslavery

Missouri Compromise (1820)Missouri Compromise (1820)

Created MO/ME and Created MO/ME and banned slavery north banned slavery north of the 36of the 36° parallel° parallel

Kept the balance of Kept the balance of free & slave statesfree & slave states

36’30 Line

Nullification debate grew in the U.S. Senate: Webster-Hayne Debate

Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states Vice-President John C. Calhoun claimed “states should have final authority on whether to follow should have final authority on whether to follow acts of Congress”acts of Congress”

He felt states had the right He felt states had the right to judge if a law is to judge if a law is

constitutionalconstitutionalCongressmen from South Congressmen from South

Carolina defended & promoted Carolina defended & promoted secessionsecession

States Rights and NullificationStates Rights and Nullification

Slavery and AbolitionismSlavery and Abolitionism• Abolitionists Abolitionists

believed slavery believed slavery was morally wrong was morally wrong should be ended should be ended immediatelyimmediately

• Southerners Southerners denied the denied the allegations of allegations of Abolitionists and Abolitionists and defended slavery defended slavery and the treatment and the treatment of African of African AmericansAmericans

Mexican Cession and Gold RushMexican Cession and Gold Rush• Opened up new debate

about the expansion of slavery

• Many northerners did not want slavery to expand west

• Southerners defended the expansion of slavery, arguing that slaves were property

• The population boom in California lead to its admittance as a free state and an unbalance of power in Congress between free and slave states

Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso

Debate in Congress centered on California becoming a state

The Great Three take the lead in

Congress

Clay seeks a compromise and makes over 70 speeches in the House (Webster supported holding the Union together)

In the Senate, Calhoun (too sick to read his own statements) calls for the south to secede – DIES DURING THE DEBATE

The Debate of 1850The Debate of 1850

Compromise of 1850California admitted as a free state

Slave trade ended in D.C.

Texas gave up western lands

Rest of the Mexican Cession open to slavery by popular sovereignty

Stronger Fugitive Slave Law to help southern slaveholders recapture runaway slaves in the north

Fugitive Slave LawFugitive Slave Law• Helped slaveholders return escaped slaves to the south

•Fugitives held without warrants

•Commissioners paid $5 to release and $10 for return to slave owner•.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Nebraska Territory splitNebraska Territory split

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty would decide would decide issue of slavery in Kansas/Nebraskaissue of slavery in Kansas/Nebraska

American Expansion and DivisionAmerican Expansion and Division