An Uneasy PeaceObjective… Explain the difficulties

President Wilson encountered in trying to project his progressive ideas to the world and to his own constituents.

Making peace Three stages…

• The armistice…• The Paris Peace Conference…• The Treaty of Versailles…

U.S. ratification…

Wilson’s political mistake prior to the Paris Peace Conference…

42) What were the 14 Points?In general terms…

– Wilson’s blue print for peace– Moral vision for the world

In specific terms…- Freedom of the seas- Open covenants – No secret treaties- Free trade- Reduce military armaments- Mediation of competing colonial claims- Establish a League of Nations

The article…

“Woodrow Wilson

Wouldn’t Yield”

The article… 1) To what extent did

Wilson’s personality and upbringing shape the controversy over the Treaty of Versailles?

The article…

2) Explain the significance of the term

Wilson’s “holy crusade”.

The article…

3) Relate the causes of World War I to Wilson’s

response in his 14 Points.

The article…

4) What were Wilson’s hopes for the League of

Nations?

The League of Nations• Implement the principles• Resolve disputes

• Article X - Collective security– “The members of the League undertake to respect

and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political

independence of all Members.”

5) Contrast the mood of the country at the

beginning of American

involvement to the end of the war.

Wilson in Paris 43) How successful was Wilson

in applying his Fourteen Points?

6) What forces outside of the U.S. helped

derail Wilson’s ideal?

7) What forces inside the U.S. helped derail

Wilson’s ideal?

8) In what ways did Wilson’s handling and

management of the peace negotiations

ultimately undermine the ratification process?

9) If you had been a Senator in 1919, would you have

supported the Treaty? Explain your answer.

10) What would it have taken to get the

deal done?

The Big Four…Great BritainHidden motive: Revenge

FranceHidden motive: Security from Germany

ItalyHidden motive: Additional land

United States

Germany feels betrayed - Why?

Allied motives?...FRANCE -Security from Germany

ENGLAND -Revenge

ITALY-Additional land

The Treaty of Versailles• Germany became financially responsible for ALL

damage caused during the war. (REPARATIONS)• Reduced their army & navy• Lost territories... Lost Alsace-Lorraine (ceded to the

French) provided much of its coal for manufacturing.• Lost with its African colonies… trade markets & raw

materials.• Germany is severely weakened & no longer a world

power• Germany’s economy & morale decline, giving rise to

Nazi Party.

Objective… Identify the reasons for

Senator Lodge & others objecting to the League of Nations.

The Treaty Fight 44) Why was there a fight about

ratifying the Treaty of Versailles in the U.S. Senate?

Wilson’s opposition at home?• The

Irreconcilables…

• The Reservationists…

The Treaty Fight45) Why did

Wilson resist Lodge’s actions & what did he try to do instead? The end result?...

How did Wilson respond to his opposition?• Took the fight to the American

people• 8,000 mile speaking tour • 23 days / 36 speeches• Sept. 25 – collapsed in CO.• Suffered stroke –paralyzed

52) What did the results of the 1920 election reflect about

American society?

The Election of 1920• Rep.– Senator

Warren Harding – Called for a retreat from idealism & a “return to normalcy”

• Rejection of the Treaty of Versailles and the League

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World War I TEST

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