“A REVOLUTION IN INDUSTRY”Chapter 12 Section 1

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION IN THE U.S. 1789 – Slater arrives from Britain and

builds the first spinning jenny This began America’s Industrial Revolution.

Industrial Revolution- the shift of production from hand tools to machines from homes to factories.

SPINNING JENNY

ELI WHITNEY’S COTTON GIN Eli Whitney’s invention of the cotton

gin in 1793 Led to increased production of cotton that

mills needed Made it a cash crop cleaned 50 times as much cotton in a day

than a worker could by hand.

THE COTTON GIN

COTTON KINGDOM Before the cotton gin, slaves picked out

seeds out of raw cotton It was slow work, planters said that they

could not make a profit growing cotton

COTTON KINGDOM Now they could

Southern farmers moved westward, looking for new lands to plant in cotton.

Slavery became an important part of the new “cotton kingdom”.

SPURRING INDUSTRIAL GROWTH In the late 1790’s Eli Whitney

pioneered mass production. Mass production- using machines to make

goods faster and cheaper than could be made by hand.

Used interchangeable parts

THE GROWTH OF BUSINESS The federal government helped

American business grow. Congress created a new national bank

which gave out loans to businesses and passed a protective

Protective tariff- a tax placed on imported goods

Why do you issue a protective tariff?

“NEW FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION”

Chapter 12 section 2

TRANSPORTATION IN THE NORTH 1806 National Road – ran across the

Appalachian Mountains First federally funded roads

Monroe vetoes bill in 1816 for more roads

SHIPS AND CANALS Steamboat by Fulton 1817 – Erie Canal

363 miles Hudson River to Lake Erie First all water link between Central

farms and East Coast cities

ROBERT FULTON

THE CLERMONT

DEWITT CLINTON

RAILS IN THE NORTH Steam-powered locomotives Laying tracks in the 1840s is the

biggest business in the North By 1860, more than 20,000 miles of rail

existed

TRANSPORTING IN THE SOUTH Shipped mostly

by rivers Steam powered

river boats Cotton is loaded

directly there Causes cities to

pop up along waterways

Rails in 1860: 10,000 in the South