A Review on Major Accelerator Facilities for Nuclear...
Transcript of A Review on Major Accelerator Facilities for Nuclear...
Jurnal Fizik Malaysia Volume 39 Issue 2 (2018) pgs 10007-10029 K. Tanaka
Plenary Paper
A Review on Major Accelerator Facilities
for Nuclear Physics in Asia Pacific
Kazuhiro Tanaka
ANPhA: Asian Nuclear Physics Association
and
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, and
Particle and Nuclear Physics Division, J-PARC,
KEK: High Energy Accelerator Research Organization.
Oho 1-1, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki-ken, 305-0801 JAPAN.
e-mail: [email protected]
(Received: 5.3.2018 ; Published: 8.6.2018)
Abstract. In this review article, I present an overview of the Asian Nuclear Physics
Association (ANPhA) and its role in preparing a list of accelerator facilities applicable
for nuclear physics experiments in the Asia Pacific. Among them, characteristics of the
world class “Major” accelerator facilities are briefly summarized in comparing to
similar facilities in Europe and North America.
Keywords: ANPhA, Accelerator, Nuclear Physics.
I. ASIAN NUCLEAR PHYSICS ASSOCIATION
The Asian Nuclear Physics Association (ANPhA) [1] was established in 2009 in Beijing,
where representatives of the first four member countries of ANPhA gathered together in its
inaugural meeting. Presently, ANPhA is the central organization representing nuclear physics
in the Asia Pacific region and consists of eight member countries and regions, which include
Australia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Mongolia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.
FIGURE 1. Eight member countries and regions of ANPhA (=AAPPS-DNP).
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Plenary Paper
The basic objectives of ANPhA are;
1. To strengthen “Collaboration” among Asian nuclear research scientists through the
promotion of nuclear physics and its transdisciplinary and applications,
2. To promote “Education” in Asian nuclear science through mutual exchange and
coordination,
3. To “coordinate” among Asian nuclear scientists by actively utilizing existing research
facilities,
4. To “discuss future planning” of nuclear science facilities and instrumentation in Asia.
In 2015, ANPhA decided to play a role as the Division of Nuclear Physics (DNP) of the
Association of Asia Pacific Physics Societies (AAPPS). The AAPPS approved our proposal in
2016, and AAPPS-DNP was established. Now ANPhA chair is also the chair of AAPPS-DNP.
In a nutshell, we can describe ANPhA (is also known as AAPPS-DNP) as an organization to
discuss and pursue issues in Asian nuclear physics community at present.
The participating countries or regions in ANPhA will appoint several (1 to 4) Board
members for ANPhA. The Board members elect one chairperson and several vice
chairpersons by mutual election. The chairperson will also appoint a secretary from Board
members. The Chairperson, Vice Chairperson, and Secretary constitute an Executive Officer
team and handle daily affairs.
FIGURE 2. Current EXCO Officers of ANPhA (=AAPPS-DNP).
The ANPhA Board members meet together once a year at some appropriate place in one of
ANPhA member countries or regions and exchange information of the status of nuclear
physics in each country/region and have discussions on our future collaborations. This kind of
meeting is organized in conjunction with the ANPhA symposium on the “Status of Nuclear
Physics in Asia Pacific”. The most recent (12th
) ANPhA Board meeting was held in Halong
City, Vietnam on September 24, 2017 with the International Symposium on Physics of
Unstable Nuclei (ISPUN17). The next Board Meeting will be held in Beijing in the fall of
2018. As the Chair of AAPPS-DNP, ANPhA Chair attended the extended Council meeting of
AAPPS. The most recent AAPPS council meeting was held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia on
December 3, 2017 in conjunction with the International Meeting for Frontier of Physics
Chair,
Kazuhiro Tanaka,
KEK, Japan.
Vice Chair,
Weiping Liu,
CIAE, China.
Vice Chair,
Tohru Motobayashi,
Riken, Japan.
Vice Chair,
Tony Thomas,
Univ. Adelaide,
Australia.
Secretary,
Hirokazu Tamura,
Tohoku Univ., Japan.
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Plenary Paper
(IMFP2017). ANPhA also supports by organizing the “Nuclear Physics session” in various
international meetings on physics in Asia Pacific. Even during the IMFP2017, several invited
speakers in the Nuclear Physics session were brought by active discussion with ANPhA.
Another important activity of ANPhA is organizing DNP-AAPPS (=ANPhA) awards for
young Scientists [2] for ANPhA supported scientific meetings.
II. ANPHA WHITE PAPER
Nuclear physics is a typical accelerator-based science. However, in contrast to elementary
particle physics, which is another field of science based on accelerators, nuclear physics
requires to prepare a variety of accelerators to tackle the various problems involved. In other
words, one needs a distributed approach and efforts, that is, different accelerator types and
energies, in order to find answers to the nuclear physics problems existing in our universe.
The development of accelerator-based research facility always involves big construction work.
It is also expensive and requires very large amount of money. Today we can understand that
it is very difficult to prepare all kinds of accelerators necessary for the nuclear physics
research in one country. Then it is becoming common to advance research through
international collaboration, that is, via international division of labor.
Even in the Asia Pacific region, many advanced accelerator facilities have been constructed.
Some of them are really world class facilities. ANPhA is now preparing a list of accelerator
facilities applicable for nuclear physics experiments existing in Asia Pacific. The list is
known as ANPhA White Paper [3]. In this White Paper, the catalog of accelerators in Asia
Pacific is the most basic material for us to consider today’s international collaboration within
present accelerator facilities, and to establish the long range plan of the construction of
accelerator facilities for our future activities of nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific. Such
international scheme of collaboration has been practiced globally. Thus, the ANPhA White
Paper will provide useful information for European and American colleagues of nuclear
physics.
It should be noted that accelerator facilities originally prepared for nuclear physics research
have many applications of science, such as materials science, life science, medicine, and
especially, education and training of young students. Therefore, the ANPhA White Paper can
be a good guide line for researchers in neighboring research field to expand their research to
accelerator based science using near-by facilities.
Now there are 29 accelerator facilities for nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific which are
listed in the ANPhA White Paper. Data will be updated frequently and the latest update was
done in December 2017. Critical analysis of the present data will be made for future facility
planning and for possible future international collaboration.
The Data are now temporarily open on the KEK Indico system;
https://kds.kek.jp/indico/category/1706/
Details of access for KEK Indico users -Please find the username and password at the first
page you opened (Most users) or “click for the password” on the page which you can find
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Plenary Paper
Town Institute Facility Characteristics
Canberra,
Australia
Australian National University (ANU), Heavy Ion
Accelerator Facility
15MV Tandem accelerator + superconducting Linear
Accelerator
Beijing, ChinaBeijing Tandem Accelerator Nuclear Physics
National LaboratoryBTANL
15 MV tandem accelerator, 100 MeV 20 μA proton
cyclotron, ISOL
Shanghai, China Shanghai Laser Electron Gamma Source SLEGS0.4-20 MeV BCS γ-ray source based on Synchrotron
Radiation Facility
Jinping, China
China Jinping underground Laboratory (CJPL),
JINPING UNDERGROUND NUCLEAR
ASTROPHYSICS EXPERIMENT (JUNA)
CJPL / JUNA
400 kV accelerator (Ion species of Stable nuclei: H to
He), Max. Energy: 400 kV*q, Beam Intensity: up to 2.5
emA
Lanzhou, China Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou HIRFLSSC cyclotron: K=450 and full ion acceleration
CSRm booster synchrotron 12.2 Tm
Huizhou, ChinaHeavy Ion Accelerator Facility, Institute of
modern PhysicsHIAF
Heavy-Ion Linac, Booster-ring ~1GeV/u and Ring
spectrometer (Phase 1).
Compressor ring ~5GeV/u and Enrgy Recovery Linac.
Huizhou, China China Initiative ADS CIADSThe 250 MeV and 10mA (maximum beam current) CW
mode superconducting proton LINAC
Munbai, IndiaBhabha Atomic Research Centre - Tata Institute
of Fundamental Research (BARC-TIFR)BARC-TIFR
14MV heavy ion tandem + superconducting linac (PLF:
Pelletron LINAC Facility)
New Delhi, India Inter-University Accelerator Centre IUAC 15MV heavy ion tandem + superconducting linac
Kolkata, India Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre VECCVECC K130 cyclotron (p,α), K500 Superconducting
Cycrotron
Chiba, JapanHeavy Ion Medical Accelerator, National Institute
of Radiological SciencesHIMAC
High energy heavy ion beams, up to 800 MeV/u,
supplied by linear accelerators and two synchrotron
rings.
Tokai, Ibaraki,
JapanJ-PARC (Nuclear and Particle Physics Facility) J-PARC
High Intensity Accelarators, 400MeV LINAC, 3GeV
RCS, 50GeV MR
Osaka, JapanResearch Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka
UniversityRCNP/LEPS
Cyclotron complex (K140 AVF + K400 Ring)
Laser-electron back-scattered photon facility at
SPring-8 site, 2.4 and 2.9 GeV.
SPring-8 site,
Hyogo, Japan
Laboratory of Advanced Science and
Technology for IndustryNewSUBARU
Laser Compton Scattering Gamma-ray Beam Source
(1 - 76 MeV)
Wako, Saitama,
Japan
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based
Science, RI Beam FactoryRIBF
Heavy Ion Linac and several big Ring Cycrotrons (Max
K=2500MeV),
Big Rips Projectile Isotope Separator
Fukuoka,
Japan
Kyushu University, Center for Accelerator and
Beam Applied ScienceFFAG synchrotron and tandem acceleror
Tokai, Ibaraki,
Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Tandem
Accelerator Facility
20MV tandem accelerator and superconducting linac
booster.
Tsukuba,
Ibaraki, Japan
University of Tsukuba, Tandem Accelerator
ComplexUTTAC 6 MV tandem accelerator / 1 MV Tandetron accelerator
Sendai, JapanTohoku University, Cyclotron and Radioisotope
CenterCYRIC K110 and K12 cycrotrons
Sendai, JapanResearch Center for Electron-Photon Science,
Tohoku UniverisityELPH
60 MeV High Intensity ELECTRON Linac, 1.3 GeV
Booster Electron Synchrotron for GeV tagged photon
beams
TABLE (1). LIst of accelerators collected in ANPhA White Paper.
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Plenary Paper
III. MAJOR ACCELERATOR FACILITIES IN THE ASIA PACIFIC REGION
Major facilities in the Asia Pacific region are mainly located in China (Heavy Ion Research
Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), Beijing Tandem Accelerator National Laboratory (BTANL)),
India (Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC)), Korea (RISP/RAON), and Japan (RIBF at
RIKEN, J-PARC, and ELPH/LIPS). Most of them (HIRFL, BTANL, VECC, RISP/RAON
and RIBF) are medium energy heavy-ion accelerator facilities and are competing with
European and American Facilities such as SPIRAL2, HIE-ISOLDE and ARIEL-II. In
addition, future extension plans of these Asian facilities are really aiming far beyond the wave
front of the research of this field of nuclear physics. In this meaning, Asian research facilities
are keeping world best positions in medium energy heavy-ion physics. Hadron physics facility
in Asia Pacific (J-PARC) is also the world’s leading facility. The ELPH/LIPS facilities can
provide world competitive photon beams for nuclear and hadron physics.
However, there are no high energy heavy-ion accelerators and colliders (such as ALICE in
LHC in CERN, RHIC in BNL in USA, and NICA in DUBNA in Russia) in the Asia Pacific
region. In other words, Asia Pacific facilities have concentrated their research resources to
medium energy heavy-ion physics and chosen to promote high energy heavy-ion physics at
abroad (outside Asia). This strategy seems successful at present. However we have to
reevaluate our strategy of this field of nuclear physics for future research activities in Asia
Pacific. For example, I am wondering that too much concentration might be happening in
medium energy heavy-ion accelerator facilities in the Asia Pacific region. This type of focus
is also seen in Europe and America. Should we be much more careful on the investment for
our future activities in nuclear physics, which should have a much wider spectrum?
Gyeongsangbu
k-do, KoreaKorea Multi-purpose Accelerator Complex KOMAC 100 MeV and 20 MeV Proton linac
Seoul, KoreaKorea Institute of Science and Technology
(KIST), The Accelerator Laboratory2MeV and 6 MV tandetron accelerators
Seoul, Korea
Korea Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator at Korea
Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences
(KIRMAS)
KIRAMS AVF cyclotron for 50MeV protons
Jeollabuk-do,
KoreaAdvanced Radiation Technology Institute 15-30 MeV 500mA Proton Cycrotron
Seoul, KoreaNational Center for Inter-Universities Research
Facilities Electrostatic Ion Accelerator
3.3MV HVEE(High Voltage Engineering Europa) 4130-
Tandetron AMS/MPS
Daejeon, Korea
Rare isotope Accelerator complex for ON-line
experiments (RAON), Institute for Basic Science
(IBS)
RAON
Superconducting Driver Linac (proton: 600MeV, 660
microA, HI: 200MeV/u), Superconducting Post Linac
(HI: 18.5 Mev/u), Cyclotron: (proton 70 MeV, 1mA)
Hsinchu,
Taiwan
Graduate Institute of Nuclear Science (INS)
National Tsing Hua University (NTHU)INS / NTHU
3MV Van de Graaff (KN) Accelerator, 3MV Tandem
accelerator (NEC 9SDH-2), open air 500kV accelerator
Hanoi, VietnamTandem machine at Hanoi University of Natural
Science1.7MV Tandem Pelletron,
Hanoi, Vietnam Military Central Hospital 108 30 MeV 300 microA proton cyclotron
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Plenary Paper
Chinese Facilities
The construction of accelerator facilities in China is very much strategic and well thought
through. They constructed ordinal experimental facility based on the tandem electrostatic
accelerator in 1986 in Beijing and followed with the construction of the experimental facility
based on Split Sector Cyclotron (SSC) was built in Lanzhou in 1988. After the successful
operation of both facilities for approximately 20 years as “normal” beam facilities,
accumulator rings were constructed in SSC facility in 2008 and SSC was used as the injector
to rings. “Unstable” nuclear beams produced through projectile fragmentation from stable
(normal) nuclear beams obtained from SSC were accumulated in rings and extracted for
experiments after energy boosted and beam quality improved in the rings. For the Beijing
facility, they added small cyclotron to produce “unstable” nuclear beams by using target ion
source. The proton beam obtained from small cyclotron irradiated the target material which
was heated up by beam power as well as electrical heater. Unstable nuclei produced in the
target material through nuclear reactions were thus evaporated from the surface of the target
material and collected for re-acceleration by the tandem electrostatic accelerator. Then the
tandem facility and SSC facility were well converted to the most modern “unstable” nuclear
beam facilities.
FIGURE 3. Chinese accelerator facilities for nuclear physics [4].
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Plenary Paper
Their next steps were the construction of the very High Intensity Accelerator Facility
(HIAF) for the production of unstable nuclear beams based on the projectile fragmentation,
which is the natural extension from Lanzhou’s SSC facility. This new facility was constructed
at Huizhou city. Further the SUPER ISOL facility, which is based on the combination of
nuclear reactor and linear accelerator in Beijing, is under construction on schedule in Chiba as
Beijing ISOL.
FIGURE 4. Layout and beam specification of HIAF (up) and layout of Beijing ISOL facility (down) [5].
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Presently, our Chinese colleagues are now constructing a very unique accelerator facility at
Deep Underground laboratory in Jinping. By using a 400kV~4MV high voltage accelerators
in Jinping underground laboratory, the astrophysical nuclear reactions will be investigated
with low energy, but very high intensity beams such as 400keV 10mA proton beam.
FIGURE 5. JUNA experimental facility in Jinping underground laboratory [6].
Indian Facilities
As it is known very well, there are three major accelerator centers in India. These are:
· Mumbai (BARC and TIFR), 14 MV Pelletron coupled to SC Linac
· Delhi (IUAC: Representing all the university users), 15 MV Pelletron coupled to SC
Linac
· Kolkata (VECC and SINP), K=130 Cyclotron, K=500 SC cyclotron (not fully
operational).
The Thrust Areas of these facilities are:
· Low and high energy nuclear physics using accelerator and reactor,
· Nuclear data,
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· Indigenous development of accelerators, detector and instrumentation,
· Use of national facilities, international facilities like Legnaro National Laboratory,
GANIL, CERN, BNL, FAIR among others.
Among them, VECC plans to construct the next generation facility called ANURIB
(Advanced National facility for Unstable and Rare Isotope Beams). ANURIB is envisaged as
a combined ISOL and fragmentation facility with beam energy from 1.5 keV/A to 100 MeV/A.
As a pilot project of ANURIB, Rare Isotope Beam (RIB) accelerator project is now underway
at VECC.
FIGURE 6. RIB facility plan view in VECC (Left) and photograph at present (right) [7].
The RIB accelerator at VECC is completed up to Linac #3 to give 415 keV/u. It is aimed to
give 1 MeV/u after Linac #5 in 2018 and up to 2 MeV/u with Quarter Wave Resonators
(QWR). At present, the facility can be used for Materials Science experiments with energy in
the range 10 keV/u to 415 keV/u.
Korean Facility
The major accelerator facility under construction in Korea is the RAON (Rare isotope
Accelerator complex for ON-line experiments) of RISP (Rare Isotope Science Project) hosted
by IBS (Institute of Basic Science). This is the first big scientific project in Korea concerning
to the construction of the world class accelerator complex. Location of RAON is in Sindong
area in Daejeon city, which is almost the central part of South Korea and almost 2-3 hours
travel by KTX fast train from both Seoul and/or Pusan. The ground breaking for accelerators
and experimental buildings was done on February 13, 2017.
The RAON accelerator consists of three superconducting linear accelerators. Combining
three linacs, normal heavy-ion beams and unstable nuclear beams extracted from target ion
source are accelerated to sufficiently high energies via projectile fragmentation. As a result,
RAON can provide much higher intensity unstable nuclear beams for experiments than any
other facilities in the world. For the target ion sources, high intensity proton cyclotrons are
introduced as drivers.
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FIGURE 7. RAON accelerator complex of RISP of IBS in Korea [8].
The R&D of superconducting accelerator devices have already started and testing of the
cryo-module of acceleration cavity showed sufficiently high field gradient with less heat load
than expected, that is, ready for mass production. The operation test of ISOL target ion
sources has started at a hot-cell mockup. The remote maintenance scheme of the target ion
source will be tested there.
Japanese Facilities
There are several large scale accelerators in Japan as shown in Figure 8. Among them are
the following 3 research complexes which were endorsed by the Japanese Nuclear Physics
Executive Committee in 2016 for the main middle term (~5 years), important future plans of
nuclear physics in Japan.
These are:
· J-PARC (KEK)
Hadron/nuclear physics with hadron beams
Hadron Hall extension.
Fundamental Physics and Particle physics with muons
mu-e conversion (COMET), g-2.
· RIBF (RIKEN)
RIBF upgrade for intensity x30
Expand neutron-rich heavy element productions to trans-uranium.
Production of superheavy Z=119 element and beyond.
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· ELPH (Tohoku Univ.) and LEPS@SPring-8 (RCNP, Osaka Univ.),
Hadron physics with GeV electron and photon beams
Detector/Beam upgrades.
In addition to them, two research fields were selected as important subjects for Japanese
nuclear physics;
· High energy heavy-ion collision (LHC, RHIC, J-PARC)
QGP properties, QCD phase diagram, High density nuclear matter.
ALICE upgrade, s-PHENIX/STAR upgrade, J-PARC-HI R&D.
· Nuclear theory
Hadrons via lattice QCD, nuclear structure via Monte Carlo shell model, etc.
9 projects with K-computer and beyond.
FIGURE 8. Large scale accelerator complexes located in Japan [9].
J-PARC in KEK and RIBF in RIKEN are the main two-top facilities of Japanese nuclear
physics community. The extension of the Hadron Experimental Hall and 30 times intensity
upgrade of RIBF are two-main big future plans in Japan.
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The schematic layout of RIKEN-RIBF is shown in Figure 9. The RIKEN-RIBF consists of
several types of ring cyclotrons connected in cascade and one big superconducting ring
cyclotron, SRC. Unstable nuclear beams are produced by projectile fragmentation (PF) and a
large solid angle PF separator, the BigRIPS, is in operation. The upgrade for 30 times higher
intensity is mainly performed by upgrading injector LINAC and by the modification of SRC
and BigRIPS in order to accept higher intensity primary nuclear beams. High intensity
unstable nuclear beam thus produced will be used for the search of new superheavy elements
such as Z=119, 120 and beyond. This upgrade project is named as “Landing to Stable Island”.
FIGURE 9. Schematic layout of RIBF-RIKEN accelerator complex [10].
J-PARC (Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex) is the brand-new and the most
advanced accelerator facility in Japan. J-PARC consists of three accelerators, that is, 400
MeV Linac, 3 GeV Rapid Cycle Synchrotron (RCS) and 50 GeV-PS (Main Ring, MR). The
bird eye view of J-PARC is shown in Fig. 10. The most important characteristic of J-PARC is
its high design beam power, which is 1MW for RCS and 0.75MW for MR. RCS provides its
intense proton beam to neutron spallation source (n) and pulsed muon source () prepared in
Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF). Some fraction of the beam extracted from RCS is
injected to MR and accelerated up to 30 GeV. Two extractions from MR were constructed.
One is the fast extraction for Neutrino Beam Facility () for long baseline neutrino oscillation
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experiment, T2K, and the other is the slow extraction for counter experiments in Hadron
Experimental Facility (Hd). Four experimental facilities (n, , and Hd) could provide their
characteristic intense secondary beams for experimental users.
The highest proton beam energy of MR is now only 30 GeV instead of its design energy of
50 GeV. It is mainly because of the budget problem for preparing power supplies of MR
magnets.
FIGURE 10. J-PARC site at Tokai campus of JAEA. “Hadron Hall” means the Hadron Experimental Facility
for the fixed target experiments with slow extraction. “to SK” indicates the Neutrino Experimental Facility
with fast extraction. “MLF” indicates the Materials and Life Science Research Facility where the spallation
neutron and pulsed muon sources are operated by using intense 3 GeV proton beam provided from Rapid Cycle
Synchrotron (RCS) [11].
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FIGURE 11. T2K experiment shoots the neutrinos to SuperKAMIOKANDE, which is 295 km away from J-
PARC [12].
FIGURE 12. Schematic layout of beam lines and experimental subjects for Hadron Experimental Facility (Hd).
Strangeness nuclear physics experiments such as hyper nuclear spectroscopy are the main subjects in Hd [13].
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FIGURE 13. Superconducting Kaon Spectrometer (SKS, yellow sector magnet) and its beam analyzer (big
green magnet) prepare in K1.8 experimental area of Hadron Experimental Facility (Hd). This is the typical size
of strangeness nuclear physics experiments performed in Hd [14].
The Hadron Hall extension project is one of the two-top major upgrading projects in Japan.
Present size of the Hadron Experimental Hall is just 60m x 55m. This size is too small to
accommodate various experimental setups as well as beam lines for them. Then we are
planning to extend the Hadron Experimental Hall approximately three times longer for the
beam direction.
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FIGURE 14. Hadron Hall extension project [15].
IV. CONCLUSION
Now the Asian Nuclear Physics Association (ANPhA) is collecting data of accelerator
facilities applicable for nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific. At present data of 29 facilities are
accumulated. The collection includes future plans of facilities as well as their present status.
Among the 29 facilities, major “world class” accelerator facilities for nuclear physics in the
Asia Pacific have been briefly reviewed in this article. In this summary section, I would like
to perform some critical analysis of the present facility data. However, the analysis is just my
very personal view points.
I would like to point out following things:
· Most of Asian facilities are now world class facilities.
· However, we have not constructed high energy heavy-ion colliders in Asia Pacific
(AP) for Hot QCD studies.
· We have many large medium-energy heavy-ion (RI beam) facilities in AP and their
future extension projects. However too much concentration of similar facilities may
reduce opportunities of nuclear physics in the Asia Pacific.
· In recent years, the RIBF facility in Japan is one of the world leading nuclear physics
facilities in the RI beam intensity and scientific outputs.
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· Now RI beam facilities are changing and expanding from projectile fragmentation (PF)
facility to the target ion source (ISOL) facility. Their final goal is “Super ISOL”.
· We have only one facility for electromagnetic probes (ELPH/LEPS) in the Asia Pacific.
· Is J-PARC becoming the KAON factory in the world? Will FAIR SIS100 catch us up
J-PARC soon?
· How about baryon rich nuclear matter physics in AP, i.e. J-PARC-HI, and/or HIAF
phase II? Which or both? It depends on Physics…….
Table 2 is the comparison table of various Asian accelerator facilities with the competitive
world facilities. So, we can understand in a glance at the table that we have some of the world
top level accelerator facilities in Asia Pacific. However we have to be very careful on the fact
that we have already so many medium energy heavy-ion (RI beam) facilities in Asia Pacific.
This is the reason why we need a long range plan of accelerator construction in Asia Pacific
for our future opportunities of nuclear physics experiments, which should have as wide
spectrum as possible and should not to be very similar each other!?
TABLE 2. Comparison of Accelerators for nuclear physics in the world.
Beams Asia Europe America
Hot
QCD A+A --
LHC(ALICE)
FAIR(SIS300)
NICA
RHIC
Missing Asian?
J-PARC-HI for
dense matter?
Cold
QCD
hadron J-PARC +Hdex
HIRFL+HIAF FAIR(SIS100) --
Missing
American?
e-
Spring-8
ELPH MAMI
JLAB-
12GeV 1+many
collider (BES-III)
(Belle-II) NICA
eRHIC
(eIC) 1 in the world?
Many
body
Problem
(RI
Beam)
PF RIBF upgrade
HIRFL+HIAF GSI/FAIR FRIB
Very good
competitions in
the world !!
(too much?)
Both RISP
ISOL BTANL
ANURIB
SPIRAL2
SPES
HIE-ISOLDE
ARIEL-II
Super
ISOL Beijing- ISOL EURISOL -- FRIB upgrade?
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author would like to express his sincere thanks to Board members of Asian Nuclear
Physics Association (ANPhA), who prepared the data for ANPhA White Paper and for my
talks at every place on this planet.
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REFERENCES
1. ANPhA: http://ribf.riken.jp/ANPhA/
2. Kazuhiro Tanaka, “The First Year of the ANPhA (AAPPS-DNP) Awards for Young
Scientists”, AAPPS Bulletin, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 43-45.
3. ANPhA White Paper: https://kds.kek.jp/indico/category/1706/
Notes for KEK Indico users, please find the username and password at the first page you
opened (Most users) or “click for the password” on the page which you can find after
closing the popup window to login (Google Chrome users).
4. Weiping Liu, CIAE, Private communications.
5. HIAF Project: http://english.imp.cas.cn/Work2017/HI2017/
The Beijing ISOL: Baoqun Cui, et al., “The Beijing ISOL initial conceptual design report”,
Nuclear Instruments and Methods 317B (2013), pp 257-262.
6. W. P. Liu for JUNA Collaboration, “Underground Nuclear Astrophysics Experiment
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7. http://www.vecc.gov.in/writereaddata/upload/files/3%20Overview%20of%20RIB%20proj
ect%20at%20VECC_modified.pdf, and Vaishali Naik and Amitava Roy, Private
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8. http://risp.ibs.re.kr/eng/pMainPage.do
9. Kazuhiro Tanaka, Presentation at this IMFP2017 meeting.
10. http://www.nishina.riken.jp/index_e.html, and Hideto Enyo, Private communications.
11. http://j-parc.jp/index-e.html
12. http://t2k-experiment.org/
13. https://j-parc.jp/Hadron/en/index.html
14. https://www.kek.jp/en/Facility/IPNS/K18BeamLine/
15. https://arxiv.org/pdf/1706.07916.pdf