A Polymer is a Large Molecule

7/31/2019 A Polymer is a Large Molecule

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A polymer is a large molecule (macromolecule ) composed ofrepeating structural units . These subunits are typically connected bycovalent chemical bonds . Although the term polymer is sometimestaken to refer to plastics , it actually encompasses a large classcomprising both natural and synthetic materials with a wide variety ofproperties.

Because of the extraordinary range of properties of polymeric

materials ,[2] they play an essential and ubiquitous role in everydaylife.[3] This role ranges from familiar synthetic plastics and elastomers tonatural biopolymers such as nucleic acids and proteins that areessential for life.

Natural polymeric materials such as shellac , amber , and natural rubber have been used for centuries. A variety of other natural polymers exist,such as cellulose , which is the main constituent of wood and paper. Thelist of synthetic polymers includes synthetic rubber , Bakelite , neoprene , nylon ,PVC , polystyrene , polyethylene , polypropylene , polyacrylonitrile , PVB, silicone , and many more.

SOME OF MAJOR APPLICATION OF POLYMERS :-

Structural Polymers and CompositesDepending on chemical structure and processing, synthetic polymers maybe stiffer than steel, flexible and highly elastic, or extremely tough. Fibersand Textiles Polymers are easily oriented, forming high strength fibers.Many fibers are natural polymers: proteins (e.g. silk and wool) andcarbohydrates (e.g. cellulose); others are synthetic. Bullet-proof vests andultralight, utrastiff composites are examples of unique polymerapplications.Packaging Materials and CoatingsPolymers combine ease of processing and desirable mechanical propertiesto be the material of choice.Transparent and Optical MaterialsPolymers are used as windows, optical fibers, lenses, reflectors, and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-PC1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-PC1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-PC1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-MBB1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-MBB1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-MBB1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_synthetic_polymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_synthetic_polymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakelitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakelitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakelitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoprenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoprenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoprenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylonitrilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylonitrilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylonitrilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_butyralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_butyralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siliconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_butyralhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyacrylonitrilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypropylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polystyrenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PVChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nylonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoprenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakelitehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_synthetic_polymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellachttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_polymerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acidshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopolymershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastomerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-MBB1-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer#cite_note-PC1-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_bondhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covalenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_unithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macromoleculehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecule


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transparent film packages.Biological and Medical MaterialsMany examples include: dissolvable sutures, implants, prosthetics, anddrug delivery systems.Fluid Modifiers and Suspension StabilizersSolution properties of polymers also are unique. Very small amounts of polymer can significantly affect the viscosity. For this reason, guar andother gums are common ingredients in ice cream and other foods.Similarly, many products employ unique solution characteristics of polymers, including shampoo, engine oil and super absorbent diapers.Undesirable separation of paint and health care products is preventedthrough the addition of a macromolecule, parts of which are soluble, whileother parts are insoluble. Similar characteristics of proteins are essentialfor life.

USE OF POLYMER IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM :-

SS iigg nn iiffiicc aa nn tt aa dd vvaa nn cc ee ss hh aa vvee bb ee ee nn mm aa dd ee iinn dd ee vvee lloo pp mm ee nn tt oo ff vvaa rr iioo uu ss dd rruu gg dd ee lliivvee rr yy dd ee vviicc ee ss ww iitthh tthh ee hh ee llpp oo ff pp oo llyymm ee rrss ..

TThh ee ee aa rr lliiee ss tt DDDDSS ffiirr ss tt iinn tt rroo dd uu cc ee dd iinn 11997700ss ww ee rree bb aa ss ee dd oo nn pp oo llyymm ee rrss ffoo rrmm ee dd ffrroo mm llaa cc tt iicc aa cc iidd ..

TToo dd aa yy pp oo llyymm ee rr iicc mm aa ttee rr iiaa llss ss tt iillll pp rroo vviidd ee ss mm oo ss tt iimm pp oo rr ttaa nn tt aa vvee nn uu ee ss oo ff rree ss ee aa rrcc hh pp rr iimm aa rr iillyy bb ee cc aa uu ss ee oo ff ee aa ss ee oo ff pp rroo cc ee ss ss iinn gg && aa bb iilliitt yy oo ff rree ss ee aa rrcc hh ee rr ss ttoo rree aa dd iillyy cc oo nn tt rroo ll tthh ee iirr cc hh ee mm iicc aa ll && pp hh yyss iicc aa ll pp rroo pp ee rr tt iiee ss vviiaa .. MMoo llee cc uu llaa rr ss yyss ttee mm ..

PP RROOPP EE RRTTIIEE SS && SS EELLEE CCTTIIOO NN OO FF PP OOLLYYMMEERRSS

PP OOLLYYMMEE RR IISS CCHHOOOOSS EE NN OONN BB AASS IISS OO FF ::--


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PP hh yyss iicc oo cc hh ee mm iicc aa ll pp rroo pp ee rr tt iiee ss

NNee ee dd ffoo rr bb iioo cc hh ee mm iicc aa ll cc hh aa rr aa cc tt ee rr iizzaa tt iioo nn ..

CChh ee mm iicc aa ll cc oo mm pp oo ss iitt iioo nn

MMiicc rroo ss tt rruu cc ttuu rr aa ll dd ee ss iigg nn

SS uu rr ffaa cc ee pp rroo pp ee rr tt iiee ss lliikkee lluu bb rr iicc iitt yy,, hh yydd rroo pp hh iilliicc iitt yy,, ss mm oo oo tthh nn ee ss ss ,, ss uu rrffaa cc ee ee nn ee rrgg yy

PP RROO PP EERRTTIIEESS OO FF SS YYNNTTHHEETTIICC PP OOLLYYMMEERR TTHHAATT NNEE EEDD TTOO BBEE CCOO NNSS IIDDEERRDD FFOO RR AAPP PP LLIICC AATTIIOO NN OOFF PP OOLLYYMMEE RRSS TTOO DDRRUUGG DDEE LLIIVVEERRYY SS YYSS TTEEMMSS

SS oo lluu bb iilliitt yy

VViiss cc oo ss iitt yy

PP oo llyymm ee rr -- SS oo llvvee nn tt iinn ttee rr aa cc tt iioo nn

CCrr yyss ttaa lllliinn iitt yy

PP oo llyymm ee rr dd iiss ss oo lluu tt iioo nn

BBiioo aa dd hh ee ss iivviitt yy oo ff HHyydd rroo pp hh iilliicc pp oo llyymm ee rr

PP oo llyymm ee rr ee rroo ss iioo nn && BBiioo dd ee gg rr aa dd aa tt iioo nn

SS YYNNTTHHEE TTIICC PP OO LLYYMMEERRSS UUSS EEDD IINN DDRRUUGG DDEE LLIIVVEERRYY SS YYSS TTEEMMSS

SS YYNNTTHHEE TTIICC PP OOLLYYMMEERRSS IINN DDEE NNDDRRIITTIICC DDRRUUGG DDEELLIIVVEE RRYY SS YYSS TTEEMMSS DDEE NNDDRRIIMMEE RRSS -- TTrraa nn ss pp oo rr tt ee xx tt rree mm ee llyy hh iigg hh dd ee nn ss iitt iiee ss oo ff dd rruu gg mm oo llee cc uu llee ss ..

IItt iiss ss uu iittaa bb llee cc aa rrrr iiee rr ss yyss ttee mm bb ee cc aa uu ss ee :: --


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TThh ee iirr ss iizz ee && ss tt rruu cc ttuu rr ee cc aa nn bb ee cc oo nn tt rroo llllee dd .. EEnn cc aa pp ss uu llaa ttee ss mm aa llll dd rruu gg mm oo llee cc uu llee ttoo ffoo rrmm PP oo llyymm ee rr

mm iicc ee llllee ss ..

SS ee rrvvee ss aa ss hh uu bb ss oo nn ttoo ww hh iicc hh llaa rrgg ee nn uu mm bb ee rr oo ff dd rruu gg mm oo llee cc uu llee ss cc aa nn aa tt ttaa cc hh ee dd vviiaa cc oo vvaa llee nn tt bb oo nn dd ..

PP AAMMAAMM DDee nn dd rr iimm ee rr UUss ee dd iinn gg ee nn ee dd ee lliivvee rryy.. IItt hh aa ss aa mm iinn ee TTee rrmm iinn aa ll gg rroo uu pp ww hh iicc hh bb iinn dd ss ttoo DDNNAA bb yy ee llee cc tt rroo ss ttaa tt iicc cc hh aa rrgg ee ..

PP rree pp aa rree dd ee iitthh ee rr aa ss DDiivvee rrgg ee nn tt //CCoo nn vvee rrgg ee nn tt tt yypp ee .. SS ttaa rrbb uu rrss ttTTMM PP AAMMAAMM dd ee nn dd rr iimm ee rr iinn iinn ttaa cc tt ((PP oo llyyffee cc tt ((RR)))) &&

ffrr aa cc ttuu rree dd ffoo rrmm ((SS uu pp ee rr ffee cc tt )).. FFrraa cc ttuu rree dd ffoo rrmm ss hh oo ww ss bb ee tt tt ee rr gg ee nn ee ee xxpp rree ss ss iioo nn ..

PP oo llyyee tthh yyllee nn ee iimm iinn ee ((PP EEII))--

TToo pp rree pp aa rree PP EEII-- gg ee nn ee cc oo mm pp llee xx .. AAffttee rr iinn ttee rrnn aa lliizzaa tt iioo nn rr ee llee aa ss ee oo ff gg ee nn ee cc oo mm pp llee xx bb yy ee nn dd oo ss oo mm ee

oo cc cc uu rrss dd uu ee ttoo


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pp rroo ttoo nn aa tt iioo nn oo ff iinn ttee rrnn aa ll 33 NNiitt rroo gg ee nn bb yy ee nn dd oo ss oo mm aa ll pp rroo ttoo nn ss ww hh iicc hh tthh ee nn rree ss uu llttss iinn ss ww ee lllliinn gg oo ff ee nn dd oo ss oo mm ee && uu lltt iimm aa ttee llyy rree llee aa ss ee ss DDNNAA..

SS YYNNTTHHEE TTIICC PP OO LLYYMMEERR UUSS EEDD IINN MMUUCCOO AADDHHEESS IIVVEE BBUUCCCC AALL DDRRUUGG DDEE LLIIVVEERRYY SS YYSS TTEEMMSS

FFaa cc ttoo rr ss ttoo bb ee cc oo nn ss iidd ee rree dd :: -- CChh aa iinn ffllee xxiibb iilliitt yy

LLoo ww mm oo llee cc uu llaa rr ww ee iigg hh tt AAbb iilliitt yy ttoo ffoo rrmm HH--bb oo nn dd iinn gg CCoo nn cc ee nn tt rraa tt iioo nn && ss ww ee lllliinn gg oo ff pp oo llyymm ee rrss ..

SS yynn tthh ee tt iicc PP oo llyymm ee rr ss uu ss ee dd aa ss PP ee rrmm ee aa tt iioo nn ee nn hh aa nn cc ee rr ss :: --

CCLLAASS SS SS YYNN TT HH EE TT II CC PP OO LLYYMMEE R R SS


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SURFACTANTS PP oo llyyoo xxyyee tthh yyllee nnee ,, PP oo llyyooxxyyee tthhyyllee nnee --99 --llaa uurryyll ee tthhee rr,,PP oo llyyooxxyyee tthhyyllee nnee --2200--ccee ttyyll ee tthhee rr

TTHHIIOOLLAATTEE DD PP OOLLYYMMEE RRSS

PP oo llyyccaa rrbboopphhiill,, PP oo llyyaa cc rryylliicc aa cc iidd

BBIIOO AADDHHEE SS IIVVEE PP OOLLYYMMEERRSS IINN MMUUCCOO AADDHHEE SS IIVVEE DDRRUUGG DDEE LLIIVVEE RRYY SS YYSS TTEEMMSS

I I O O AA D D H H E E S S I I V V E E P P R R O O P P E E R R T T I I E E S S C C H H AA R R AA C C T T E E R R I I S S T T I I C C S S


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SS YYNNTTHHEETTIICC PP OOLLYYMMEE RR

SS UUSS EEDD IINN SS UUSS TTAAIINNEEDD RREE LLEE AASS EE DDRRUUGG DDEE LLIIVVEERRYY SS YYSS TTEEMMSS

SS uu ss ttaa iinn ee dd RRee llee aa ss ee DDDDSS ffoo lllloo ww ss 11 ss tt oo rrdd ee rr rree llee aa ss ee kk iinn ee tt iicc ss ..

IInn cc rr eeaa ss ee dd cc rroo ss ss lliinn kk iinn gg oo ff pp oo llyymm ee rrss dd ee cc rr ee aa ss ee ss dd iiffffuu ss iioo nn rraa ttee && tthh uu ss iimm pp rroo vvee ss ss uu ss ttaa iinn ee dd rree llee aa ss ee pp rroo pp ee rr tt iiee ss oo ff pp oo llyymm ee rrss && dd ee cc rr ee aa ss ee ss mm uu cc oo aa dd hh eess iivv iitt yy..

oo llyy--hh yyddrrooxxyylluu ttyyrraa tteeoo llyy((ee --ccaa pprroo llaa cc ttoonnee ))

oo llyyoorrtthhooee ss ttee rrss

oo llyypphhooss pphhaa zzee nnee ss

oo llyycc yyaa nnooaa cc rryyllaa ttee ss oo llyyvviinn yyll AAcc ee ttaa ttee

oo llyyee tthhyyllee nnee ooxxiiddee --bb --rrooppyyllee nnee ooxxiiddee

BBiiooddee ggrraa ddaa bb llee

PP rrooppee rrttiiee ss ccaa nn bbee cchhaa nnggee dd bbyy cchhee mm iiccaa ll mm oodd iiffiiccaa ttiioonnSS uurrffaa ccee ee rrooddiinngg ppoo llyymm ee rr

CCaa nn bbee ttaa iilloorree dd wwiitthh vvee rrss aa ttiillee ss iiddee cchhaa iinn ffuunncc ttiioonn iinnggBBiiooddee ggrraa ddaa bb lleeBBiiooccoommppaa ttiibb llee

AAmm pphh iipphh iilllliicc ss uurrffaa cc ttaa nntt

BBiiooccoommppaa ttiibb llee

MMaa ttrriixx ffoo rr DDDDSS

CCee llll ee nnccaa ppss uu llaa ttiioonn

SS uuss ttaa iinnee dd DDDDSS ,, oopp tthhaa llmm oollooggyy TToo mm aa kkee ffiillmmss ,,

HHyyddrrooggee llss iinn DDDDSSSS uurrgg iiccaa ll aa ddhhee ss iivvee ss ,, gg lluuee ss iinn DDDDSSGGee llss && BBllee nnddee dd mm ee mm bbrraa nnee ss iinn DDDD && IImm mm oobbiilliizzaa ttiioonnPP rroo ttee iinn ddee lliivvee rryy


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SS yynn tthh ee tt iicc AAbb ss oo rrbb aa bb llee PP oo llyymm ee rr ss -- iinn cc lluu dd ee hh oo mm oo pp oo llyymm ee rrss lliikkee PP LLAA,, PP GG AA,, PP CC LL,, PP oo llyytt rr iimm ee tthh yyllee nn ee cc aa rrbb oo nn aa ttee ,, PP oo llyy((pp --dd iioo xxaa nn oo nn ee )) && cc oo pp oo llyymm ee rr ss lliikkee -- PP oo llyy llaa cc tt iidd ee --cc oo --gg llyycc oo lliidd ee ,, PP oo llyy ((gg llyycc oo lliidd ee --cc oo --tt rr iimm ee tthh yyllee nn ee cc aa rrbb oo nn aa ttee ))..

SS YYNN TT HH EE TT II CC PP OO LLYYMMEE R R AAPP PP LLII CCAABB II LLII TT YY

PP oo llyy (( MMoo nn oo ss tt ee rr oo yy ll GG llyy cc ee rr oo ll --cc oo -- ss uu cc cc iinn aa tt ee ))

FFoo rr SS uu ss tt aa iinn ee dd rr ee llee aa ss ee oo f f TThh ee oo pp hh yy lllliinn ee / / RRiiss pp ee rr iidd oo nn ee f f rr oo mm mm iicc rr oo pp aa rr tt iicc llee ss iinn -- vv iitt rr oo

PP oo llyy vv iinn yy ll AAcc ee tt aa tt ee FFoo rr ss uu ss tt aa iinn ee dd rr ee llee aa ss ee cc aa pp ss uu llee ss oo f f NNiif f ee dd iipp iinn ee

EEuu dd rr aa gg ii tt R R LLPP MM ,, R R SS PP MM & & HH PP MMCC

SS uu ss tt aa iinn ee dd rr ee llee aa ss ee oo f f tt hh ee oo pp hh yy lllliinn ee

SS YYNNTTHHEE TTIICC PP OO LLYYMMEERR BB AASS EE DD VVEECCTTOORRSS IINN GG EE NNEE TTHHEERR AAPP YY

CCaa tt iioo nn iicc PP oo llyymm ee rrss oo ff hh iigg hh mm oo ll.. ww tt .. iiss uu ss ee dd ..

SS yynn tthh ee tt iicc PP oo llyymm ee rr ss uu ss ee dd :: --


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PP AAMMAAMM,, PP oo llyy((44--VViinn yyll iimm iidd aa zzoo llee )),, PP PP LL--PP oo llyy--LL--llyyss iinn ee ,,

PP DDMMAAEEMMAA..

PP oo llyy--LL--llyyss iinn ee :: -- BBiioo dd ee gg rraa dd aa bb llee ,, llaa cc kkss NNHH22 gg pp .. ww iitthh aa pp KKaa bb ee ttww ee ee nn 55 && 77 aa lllloo ww iinn gg nn oo ee nn dd oo ss mm oo llyyss iiss ,, rree ss uu lltt iinn gg iinn lloo ww ttrraa nn ss gg ee nn ee ee xxpp rree ss ss iioo nn ..

TThh iiss dd rraa ww bb aa cc kk rree qq uu iirree ss iinn cc lluu ss iioo nn oo ff ee nn dd oo ss mm oo llyytt iicc aa gg ee nn tt lliikkee FFuu ss oo gg ee nn iicc pp ee pp tt iidd ee lliikkee

CCoo pp oo llyymm ee rr oo ff PP oo llyy--LL--llyyss iinn ee ww iitthh PP oo llyy--LL--hh iiss tt iidd iinn ee // LL--tt rr yypp ttoo pp hh aa nn ..

PP oo llyyee tthh yyllee nn ee iimm iinn ee -- SS hh oo ww ss ee ffffiicc iiee nn tt tt rr aa nn ss ffee cc tt iinn gg aa bb iilliittyy ww iitthh oo uu tt uu ss ee oo ff ffuu ss oo gg ee nn iicc aa gg ee nn tt .. PP EEII oo ffffee rr ss hh iigg hh cc hh aa rrgg ee dd ee nn ss iitt yy dd uu ee ttoo ww hh iicc hh iitt oo ffffee rr ss

iinn cc rr ee aa ss ee dd pp rroo ttee cc tt iioo nn aa gg aa iinn ss tt ss ee rruu mm nn uu cc llee aa ss ee ss


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SYNTHETC POLYMERS USED IN TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Polymers are the backbone of TDDS.

TDDS are fabricated as multilayered polymeric laminates or drug-polymer matrix is sandwiched between two polymeric layers i.e.backing layer & inner polymeric layer which act as adhesive & Rate-controlling membrane.

TDDS is formulated either as Matrix form / Reservoir form.


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1) MATRIX FORMERS

Selected on the basis of:-

a)Release properties

b)Adhesion cohesion balance

c)Physicochemical properties

e.g.-Monolithic solid state design is preffered for PassiveTDDS

Synthetic polymers used-

a)Cross linked PEG network

Biocompatible

Used for protein drug delivery.

b) Acrylic acid matrices

Acrylic acid + Plasticizer : - used to make drug- polymermatrix

film.

Eudragit RLPM, Eudragit S -100, Eudragit E-100, ethyl acetate

& MMA


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c) Polyvinylpyrrolidone

Matrix formers with 30% Dibutyl Phthalate to deliverDiltiazem

Hydrochloride & Domethacin

d) HPMC

Hydrophillic, swellable polymer used for Oral ControlledDDS

Matrix formers in Propranolol HClFor fast release of drug.

2) RATE CONTROLLING MEMBRANE

a)Ethyl Vinyl Acetate

By altering Vinyl Acetate content membrane permeabilitycan be controlled

b) Silicone Rubber

Biocompatible

Highly permeable to steroids

Ease of fabrication

Low microscopic viscosity & used in Controlled Releasedevices.

c) Poly Urethane


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Rubbery & increased permeability

Two types: - Polyether urethanes & Polyester Urethanes

Due to more Biodegradability Polyester Urethanes are more

preffered. It is used for Hydrophillic polar drugs.

3)PRESSURE SENSITIVE ADHESIVES

Characteristic of visco - elastic material

a)Poly Iso Butylene

Formed by cationic polymers

b) Poly Acrylates

Amorphous, gives water clear color in solution & stabletowards

ageing & have good mechanical properties.

c) Silicones

Contains low viscosity Dimethyl siloxane polymer. Silicate Resin + PDMS undergoes condensation to formSilicone PSA

4) BACKING MATERIALS


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A Polymer is a Large Molecule

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