A Nation Divided

The Eve of War(Take notes on the following

slides)

Names for Sides• North

• Union• United States of America• Federals• U.S.A

• South• Confederacy• Confederate States of America• CSA

Flag• North

• Stars and Stripes

• South• Stars and Bars• Separate Battle & State Flags

Population• North

• 22,350,000

• South• 9,100,000

• 3,900,000 were slaves

Industries• North

• 92% of the Nation’s Industries were in the North

• South• Very little industrial development,

mostly an agrarian (farming) economy

Railroads Mileage• North

• 75% of the nation’s RR track were in the North

• South• Significantly fewer railroads were in

the South

Financial Resources• North

• Had 75% of the nation’s wealth• Banking• Manufacturing• Shipping

• South• Most of the wealth was in land and

slaves

Leadership• North

• Abraham Lincoln • Had extensive experience as a lawyer• Limited experience in Congress• No military experience

• South• Jefferson Davis

• Had been senator from Miss.• Secretary of war• Military experience during the Mexican

War

Generals• North

• Most were West Point graduates• Few union generals were effective in leading

Unions armies until U.S. Grant’s rise during 1862-1864

• South• General Robert E. Lee• Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage• Brilliant, bold military leaders from

• Virginia Military Institute (VMI)• West Point• Other academies

Strategies• North

• Bring the South back into the Union ASAP

• Never recognize the South’s independence or its “right” to leave the Union

• Strangle the South with a naval blockade (Anaconda Plan)

Strategies• South

• Fight a defensive war until the Union no longer has the will to fight

• Stress how secession is same thing as the 13 colonies pulling out of the British empire in 1776

• Capture Washington, D.C.

Capital• North

• Washington, D.C.

• South• Montgomery, Alabama for awhile• Richmond, Virginia

Naval Power• North

• Large navy which grew even larger as the war progressed

• South• Virtually no navy at the start of the

war

Cause for Fighting• North

• To preserve the Union at first• Later the emancipation (freeing) of

the slaves• South

• To gain independence• To save the “Southern Way of Life”

including slavery• States Rights

Names for troops• North

• Federals• Yanks• Billy Yanks• Yankees

• South• Rebels• Rebs• Confederates• Graybacks• Butternuts• Johnnies

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• North• Battles fought away from home

• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts• Thousands of immigrants fighting for

no purpose that made sense to them

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts• Thousands of immigrants fighting for

no purpose that made sense to them• Farm acreage

• 65% of crops were wheat and corn

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• North• Battles fought away from home• Less skills in the military arts• Thousands of immigrants fighting for

no purpose that made sense to them• Farm acreage

• 65% of crops were wheat and corn• Divided politically

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and

way of life

• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and

way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew

better than their opponents

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and

way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew

better than their opponents• Military tradition- nearly every male citizen

skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and

way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew

better than their opponents• Military tradition- nearly every male citizen

skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully

• Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

• South• Traditionally protecting their homes and

way of life• Fought on their own land, which they knew

better than their opponents• Military tradition- nearly every male citizen

skilled in riding horses and using rifles skillfully

• Violence was a traditional aspect of Southern society

• Strong military tradition-Many Army and Navy officers were recruited

Intangibles(strengths & weaknesses)

Civil War Video

@ 29:20 minutes into video #2