• MINl.{1·.:: , ,·aM Thi! Calendar ·it~71.No~ ./.L_ .was apnoveo 'ls Minute Item f\!o. . by the StatQ. I .an® Commiss.tofl by a vote of~ ·c 9 at its 7-tt.~zy ~ meeting~

CALENDAR ITEM

A 9 07/16/87 w 23S 16 PRC 7108. Lane

s 3

APPROVAL OF SALVAGE P~RMIT

APPLICANT: Robert f. Marx dba Phoenician South Seas

tre3sures, Ltd. -20s Orlando Blvd. Indiatlantic, Florida 32~0~

AREA, T~PE LAND ANO LQ~~TION: n 20.0-acre parcel of ungranted tide and subm~rged land, located in the Pacific 9cean, Drake's Qay, Marin. County.

LAND USE: Retrieval and s9l_1Ja9e: 0-f a sunken vessel and the contents thereof.

TERMS Of PROPOSED PERMIT: initial period: One yea~·beginning September 1, 1987.

~enewal options: One ~uccess~ve periqd of one ye£lr.

Public liability insurance: Combined si~gle­limit coverage of $SOO,OOO.

"f CONSIDERATION: $~00 land rental: and ZS percent of the net salvage value of $2S,OOO or less, and SO percent of the net salvage value in. excess of $2~ 1 000; said sum shall be due on the first of the month following the sale an~ bear ra percent interest per annum, if not paid within ~S days of the due dat~.

BASIS .fOR CONSin~RATION: Pursuant tQ 2 ca~. Adm. Code 2003.

{f\DDED 07/14/87) -1-

CALENDAR PAGE

CALENDAR ITEM NO. j j (CONT'D,}_

PREREQUIS~TE CONDITIONS, .fEES~ND EXPENSE~: Filing fee and environn1.a;•ti:tl costs have, been received.

STATUTORY ·AND OTHER REFERENCES: A. P.R.C.: Div. 6, Parts 1 and 2; Div. 1~.

AB &64.:

B, Cal. Adm. Code: Tit:le 2, Oi1J, 3: Title .14, Div. 6.

04/28/87.

OTHER PERTINENT INFORMATION: 1. This project involves the potential

(ADDED 07/14/87)

ret~ieval ~nd salvage of the rema~ns and contents of the "Sah August~n", a Ma~ila Galleon purportedly sunk in Drake's Bay in 1S9S.

The Applicant is a well known underwater archaeoTogist who has many scienttfic underwater explorations and recoveries to his credit. His specialization is Naval and Maritime histor~ wit~ in emphasis ori the Spanish Colonial period in the Caribbean and the Spanish Maritime trade between lS00-1800.

Terms of t~e Permit require the Applicant to provide the Commission with an acceptable archaeolog.ical recover:_y_plan prior to recovery of any ~terns. The plan must furnish· a ~etailed description of recovery information and specific methods for conservation.

This permit is also ~ubject to the terms and conditions of a Memorand~m of Agreement between State Lands Comission, State Historic Pres~rvation Office, and the Applicant ensuring certain measures are carried out. A copy of ~his agreement is cont~ined in Exhibit "~".

All items removed from the sita will be

-2-

• 1 CALENDAR PAGE

MINUTEPAGl 2362

CALENDAR ITEM NO. 11 (CONT'D)

inspected and appraised by competent ap~~aisers with the ~ommission reserving discretion regnrding acceptance ?f appraised value. Each individuaft retrieved item shall be appraised- individually and as an .integral part of the whole col'lection. Whether the ~terns are sold or retained by the permittee, th~ State will ~~ compensated according to te~ms of the

1~alvage ~~rmit. For any it,ms r~tained by the State, the Permittee will be credited against percentage rentals otherwise due

: the State.

2. \The saluage area is located withi~Bn area

lover which the- National ~ceanic At~ospheric

!Administration has claimed jurisdiction, even though it is within the State's

·three-mile ownership. The NOAA and the lApplican~ are currently discussing the necessity of a permit; however, they ha~e advised him to ~ecure a State permit prior to apply.ing for Federal ap,proval. The ~pplicant has been advised that the Commission-'s permit is conditioned up9n obt~ining all other necessary permits.

The Po*nt Reyes National Seashore, over which the Legislature granted jurisdiction over the first quarter mile, is also'an area of concern. It is the Applican~'s belief that the salvage area is outside of this area.

3.. Pursuant to the Commission's delegation of aufhority and the State ciQA Guidelines ('14 Cal. Adm. Code lS02S), the staff has prepared a Proposed Negative Declaration identified as EIR ND 411, State Clearinghouse No. 861104410. S~th Proposed Negative Declaration was prapared and circulated for public revrew pursuant to the provis1o~s -of CEQA.

(ADDED 07/14/87) -3-

.-..-----------·:"":' CALENDAR PACE r.2

CALENDAR ·,ITEM NO. 1. 1 (CONT'D)

Based upon the Initiai Study, the Proposed Negative ~eclaration, arid the comments rec~iued in- response thereto, there is n9 substantial evidence that the project·will have a significant effect on the environment. (14 Cal. Adm. Cpde 1S074(b))

-4. This activity inuolues lands identified as possessing significant eQuironmental ualµes pursuaht to P.R;C. 6370, ~t seq. The project, as proposed, is ~onsistent with its us3 t:lassifica·tion.

fUJffHER APPROVALS REQUIRED: .-Gulf of the Farallones National Marine Sanctuary of NOAA's Marine and Estuarine Management Division, California Coastal

EXHIBITS:.

Commission.

A. Site Map. B. Memorandum of Agreement. c. Negative Declaration.

IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE COMMISSION·

1. CE~~IFY THAT A NEGATIVE DECLARATION, E~R NO 411, STATE -CLEARINGHOUSE NO. 86110441Q, WAS PREPARED FOR THI§ PRO~ECT PURSUANT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE CEQ~ AND THAT THE COMMISSION.HAS REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED iHE INFORMA"fIO,N-CONTAINED THEREIN·.

-:-· 2. DETERMINE THAT THE PROJECT, AS APPROVED, .WILL NOT HAVE A

SIGNIFICANT EFFECT ON THE ENVIRONMENT.

3. FIND THAT THIS ACTIVITY IS CONSISTENT WITH THE USE GLASSIFICATION DESIGNATED FOR THE LAND PURSUANT TO P.R.C. 6370, ET SEQ.

4. AUTHORIZE ISSUANCE TO ROBER! F. MARX OBA PHOENICIAN SOUTH SEAS TR.EASURES, -LTD OF A ONE~YEAR SALVAGE PERMIT, AS ON FILE IN THE MAIN-OFFICE OF THE STATE LANDS COMMISSIO~. BEGINNING SEPTEMBER 1, 1987; WITH AN OPTION OF ONE ADDITIONAL.YEAR EXTENSION AT THE DISCRETION. QF THE STATE LA~OS COMMISSiON AND UPON SUCH REASONABLE TERM~ ANO CONDI~f!-ONS AS MAY BE IMPO~_EO BY THE COMMISSION, IN

(ADD;D 07/-14/87.) -4-

CAL£NOA~ PAC~

MiNUTEMGE

•• 2364

CALENDAR ITEM NO. 1. 1 (CONT 1 D)

CONSIDERATION OF $500 LAND RENTAL ANO ?~ PERCENT OF THE NET SAL~AGE VALUE OF $25,000 ·OR LESS, AND 50 PERCENT 9F THE NET SALVAGE VALUE IN ·EXCESS OF $25,000; S~ID SUM TG B~ DUE ON THE FIRST OF THE MONTH fOLLOWING THE SALE AND BEAR 18 . PE~CENT INTEREST PER AN~UM IF NOT PAID WITHIN r~ DAYS OF THE DUE DATE; PROVISION OF PUBLIC LIABILITY.INSURANCE FOR COMBINED S~NGLE LIMIT COUERAGE.OF $ 500,000 f6R ~ETRIEVAL OF f'.\N ABANDONED VESSEL AND THE CONTENTS THERECF ON LANO AS DESCRIBED AND O~ F.ILE IN THE OFFICES OF THE COMMISSION .

., '"

(ADDED ()7~/14/87) -5-

p\LENDAR PA~£

MINUTE PACE 2365~ 4

·;.

Wl381G EXHIBIT "A"

....;. f ·" .1.&nu 1-. .. 1, 1,1 .. .. , .....-.

... .. . . EXHIBIT "B"

w 23816

JmlOIWfl>UM Of AGRU!mN'l'

,'f .dEAS. ·the State, Landa commiss·ion (the commission) pcopo,s\i.., · to issue a (szilvaqe per.:mit for the archeological investiqation and cecove:ry of· possible carqij fcom the wreck of .the vessel San Agustin. located in the Pacific ocean at Drake's Bay. Marin county.

WHEREAS •. the' State Lands commission. in co~sultation with the Califocnia .Sta'te Historic P,resecvation Officer (Sm>O) • has determined that the proposed salvaqe may cesult in adverse effects to ~ siqnificant accheo,loqical ceaource --:which' is potentiatly eligible foe in~lusign 'in the National ,iieq_iste.c of Histo.cic Places:

NON. THBREPORB. the s~ate Lands commission. the SHPO. and Robe.ct Macx {Appl'icant). agree that the proposed ttalvaqe wil'·l -be conducted accgcding to the following stipulations:

StIPULlt'f IQNS·

The Commission shall ensure that the following Applicant:

condition the salvage pecsit to measures ace carried' out· by the

1.. Ar:cheoloqi.~al Data Recovery

A. Within thirty (30)' days after the date accompanyinq the last siqnatur:e on this agceement. an ini~ial accheoloqical ~~ta cecovecy plan foe invest~qatinq the Sa~ Aqustin shipw.ceck site. as depicted in accordance with Parts I and 111 of the Advisory cou·ncil on Historic Preservation• s handbook. Treatment of J\cchaeoloqical Properties (Attachment II) will be submittrrd' by the applicant to the commission and SHPO. 'the plan will provide foe a phased. pr:oqcam of a.r:cheologicai .investigation which will in~iude a detailed discussion of:

l. lnvostiqat-.ions to composition. and remains ~f the char:actecistics:

ascertain th~ precise boundact~s. state of pcesecvation of the San Auqustin and its oth~c

2. Detaiied pcocedur:es foe a~cheoloqical data ~ec9vecy addressing particularly significant subareas. featu.r:eii-. cacqo. or: wreckaqQ;

CALENDAR PAGE

MINUTE PAGE

3.

:

Methods to be used in' the implementati0,n of such ,a plan: and

public conservation. - analysis. reporting. and displa1r of recoveced materials and data.

B. 'the initial data recovery plan and each subsequent plan shall be p~•pared by the Applicant in consu~tation with the coaaission and the SHPO. If. upon reviewing. the plan. no party obje~ts within a fifteen (15) clay period. it will be iaple11ented.. If any party objects. the Commission. the SHPO. and other concerned public aqencies will" convene wf~h 'the Applicant ,~o resolve any objections.

IX. Performance Standards

A. 'the Applicant will provide to the SHPO and the Co.1U1ission documentary proof of fincnncial responsibility. d'apability. and solvency. includinq adequate fundinq ·to cover insurance and/or bondinq. As part of th_~s Memorandum of Aqreement the Applicant shall fu~nish a cocpocate surety botj.d to the benefit ~of a surety accept~ble to the Cogimission and SHPO to guarantoe,~:the fai_thful performance of all covenants and stipulations of this aq.coemen_t. This bond shall be in a sum neqotiated between the Applicant and·~~e Commission.

B. The Applicant will provide to ~he SHPO and, the tit Comaissiori e'vidence of havinq the appr:opciate .cesources (fundin9. staff. equipment) to accomplish document~cy research. divinq--opecation. accheoloqical uo.ck. conservation. artifact and other data analysis. public display and -cepo.ctinq consistent with the data recovery ,plan.

c. All archeoloqical work will be conducted in a manner ~<?nsis~ent with the standards and principles contained_, in the Advisory council on ·Historic Preservation's ha&tdbook. Tr.eatment ot Acchaeoloqical Properties. ·

D. All archeoloqical work. includiny marine s,ucvey and' unde.cwatec data cecovecy. will be conducted under the _direct f:i:eld sLper:vision of a ·pe.cso~ oc persons meetinq. at a- minia~m. the followinq q~aliftcations:

1. Eqni'.valent to certification 'bY 11:he Society "Of P.cofessional Acchaeoloqists (SOPA): and.

2. A demonstrated familiarity wit~: techniques of undecwate.c archeoloqical survey. including, 'the ope.cation of elect.conic remote sensinq ,devices. standatd 4ivin9 ope.cation practices .celevant' to mactne accheoloqical data recovery and recording • certification by NAUI. PADI; o~ other accc~dited . • •

CAU:NDAR PAGE 7 M,!NUTE PAGE a;; 6 8

·o

•

certifying ins~itution-, and interim· techniques for conserving actifacts - and other recovered materials· from a marine environment. In addition. the principal investiq~tor 'shall ·have at least th~ minimum accept~ble professional qualifications contained in 36 CFR. Part 61.3(b) (Attachment 111).

; E. All recovered archeoloqical materials havinq the

potential to yield siqnif icant scientific infor:mation wilt be conserved in acccu:dance with the accheoloqical recovery plan, will be stabilized and presecved against damage and deterioration, will be fully described and analyzed. and will be retained by the Applicant for the commission for a sufficient lenqth of time to permit scientific study before being sold or transferred to other parties. The period allowed foe such study shall nQt exceea on1e .Cl) year.

F. A plan foe public display and interpretation of the results of archeoloqical investigations. in the form. of exhibits and publications for the qanecal puolic, oc otber ~eans agreed upon by all responsible parties will be submitted by the Applicant to SHPO and the commission staff and. other aqenctes as required.

G. A copy of a.l,l final archeoloqtcal reports. including technical papers. wit~ be submitted to the commiasion. the SHPO. and the University of California. A copy of all fi~ld notes. ma~1h drawinqs. photoqrapha, ph9tographi:c negatives. and other photoq.raphic records, along with all ~istorica'l dQcumttntation 'i:.ill be placed in a research archive approved by tile SHPO. "

11 I., Monitoring anci· ,coordination

A. The Applicant will provide the commission and the SHPO pcoqreQs reports every 60 days for all project opetations. includinq surface operations. divinq. and' labo.ca,tory activit1:e.:;.

B. The Applicant will permit. i:equlai: on-site ·inspections and unannounced visit& during the courfH:f qf arl field· work-. analysis. and ·conservation phases of the plan to monitor the Applicant• s performance under the pec~i.t. such visits will be aade only by staff of the com.mission or SHPO• or such perjJons authorized in writinq to pecform lnspec~ions for the staff.

c. The Applicant will submit proposals for chanqes in supervisory personnel. deviations -in th~ agcced-upon Pl!!n(s). or altecnative equipment- or procedures to the coauaission at least 30 days before implementing such· ~~anges. deviati'ons. or altecnatives. The Applic~nt aqrees to· not implem~nt a:iy such c.hanges wit.ho~t the consent of ~he Commission and the SHP.O. ~n

CAlENDAR PACE

MINUTE PACE

the event that the above stipulation c~nnot be met. owing to .. the ~is~bility oc death ~f a principal" summary rosiqnation. or W emerC;iency chanqes in operations to ensure the safety of t.he investiqators or the public. the Applicant. the Commi:ssion. and the SHPO will convene as soon as practicable :tQ confirn that such chanqes are acceptable to all parties.

D. Should the commission. the Applicant. and the SHPO be unable to resolve any disputes arisinq fcom .actions taken( under this aqreoment. the pecmit will be held in suspension by the commission until a·ll parties aqree that; the dispute has been resolved to their mutual satisfaction.

E. All historical and· a.ccheoloqical investiqation. *ucyey~ dat~ recovery. matecials analysis. and conservation shall ·be reported in a final report. The final report shall be submitted to all parties by the Applicant foe review and acceptance. An acceptable final report should be certified not moce t~n one (l) yoac aftec completion of a~cheol99ical field and labo.catocy wock. Up to so percent of the Applicant's share 0£ cecoveced mate.cial will be held in tcust fo~ the comelssion until tile final ceport i's accepted.

Failuce by the Applicant to pcoduce an a~ceptaJ:ne and certifiable final cepoct within the one-year period focfeits the Applicant• s ciqht to t.he cecovereci matecia.is held .&. in tc_ust. Forfeieed materials held in trust by the commission W will be examined by the SHPO foe suitab~lity foe public dispiay •.

F7 This document may be amended ducinq the life of the salvaqe permit it is appended to with the conse~t of t~e applicant. the commission. and Sf!PO. Othec ::esponsibl~ agencies may be consulted in teqard to proposed chanqes.

Ex&cution of this Memorandum of Aqceeaent evidences that the SHPO and Commission have taken into account the effects of the pecmit to salvage materials from the San Agustin ohipw.ceck site~ and concut that the advecse effects can be ·aitiqated by pecf~r~ance of tho Nemocandum of Aq~eement.

FO~ STATE L~DS COMMISSION

12325

CALENDAR PACE

- (> ,,

·•·

--; .· - ... ·

. .. . .. .. ..• ~ .. ,:. :·. . ·~· ; .. ..

" ·.· .. ··

...

·.;,..: .. .... . ··~· . ..

.. .

.. . ..... . ·,/:..- .... , .. .

~ .. . .. :.~ .

.. : : . . "'·.· ... ,. ... _ .. ~;;.~:~; -: ~--.• ·.:.·~!.::::::.. ... ·: ....... -:~ ........ • • ·: .. ~·:.:.·. •. :·.··"· . .· ....... ;·. ·:. ... .. ... .. . ... · ..... ••,. ........... .

. ~ .. .. -:: . ;.•··~ -- ..... . oeHEAALACKN~YILEDSMENT

State of .;;..--ifi~c=-· ;.J!-:::.i..r'"'t2.-A-.a...-_:___} SS.

County of - J.S UV~() .

-·-. ----- __ .. ------~

-

On \his thekaay of --.~~· _._ ____ _.. .• 19~ before me.

the undersigned Notary Public, personally appeare~

__ .:..;::e~i~it!="-..!...+--"-. _JC._. _fi_t_A-i_.,,._L.-1 ___ _;;...._,, ...

0 personally known to me CY(rOved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence to be the p1?1Son(G) whos.; name(e) _._._, s ____ _..subscrlt?e.:.d to the

within lnstrumen~! apd !l~knowle(\g~ t.~at h.-- e~ecuted'lt. WITN~Y h~d ~d.ct!flclal st;al· ••

I/ ~· .. ~.'. -&;~ No~ure '1o,,;

1 '" • '

'

,... ... ,.~:·..-...:·· .............. ,,,..:- :--~._...,. ...... ···-· .•:;«·"" •• ··>- "';•.-: ... :•-:,...• ................. .;t-M- ,;:.:.r::-:-:···.···~ - ·:;.. :.::·· ;. ., .. : ~ .... ·. :~ _: .. : .:.~.:-~ ~·<~.: ;:::~;~~~(:~~;r:~::~:.~:::~;::;~:-~<::.'·· : .. ,_ .... :,~/· : .' ,·: ~:~-:::.~ .. ; ...... : ·::·. . . . '... . . -. ... . ..

.;• ...

.... ·;: .. - ; . ~ . ..... ~ . :~ .... ...... ·: "·: ...... ...,_ ~ .: :·:· ..

. . --....

•

.. . .....

. ..

. ~·:· ·. ; .

- ... . .

···~-~ ...... . .. .. ........ . . ,. . . ; _ . .,. .. · .. ,., ..... ,. .

. "~· ·.

~:;~ .. :~=~-- .:~=:~~~~.r.~_f i.f"> t.~:~:. :;_,-"· !•" •• . .. , .

..... "

,,. .......... ... " CALENDAR PAGE

~ MINUTE~~<;~ ,b.237, -~ ... . .. ..-, : ,,., .. .,,..

. .... ..

EXHIBIT "C" STA'TE OF CAt.tFORNIA-STATt! t.ANDS COMMISSION'

GEORGE OEUKMEJIAN. Gowmo, -·STATE LANOSCOMMfSSION

tl07 t3TH STREET SACRAM&Nt'O, CALIFORNIA 95814

PROPOSED NEGATIVE D!CLARATioN

.+;. !Ilt ND:

File "9!•:

4li

~·38l6 c,

sat#~ 861:1Q4410·

Project Utla,!· Salvage Permit;s for -Rema~ns of tl;e "§an .. ASU.'"Jtin"

h'oject hopoamu:: Mr. Robert Marx and Phoenician· Explora~ions, .Inc.

Project Locad.oa: In Drakes Bay, off .the e~as. t .of Marin .County

Mr. Marx will a~tempe to. determine ~?e prec~~e location and condition of the remains of the galleon §:!!!! ~ Afcrtin," and will ~etempt a salvage of the vessel an her contents if feasible •

•• C~tacc Person: Goodyear K. W~llcer TeleP,hone: (916). 322-0530

'1hia documenc :ls prepared purawmt to th• req•~reme:nts of eJl• Cd:lfomia ED.viro~tal Qu~~ A.ct (Secdcm 21000 ec soq., Public Ruourcea Code), ·the State CEQA Guidali1iets (Sectiou 15000 ·~ seq.• Utle 14, Califomi,& Adai12!11trad.v.· Code), and di• S~~e L!ndft Coanis~iou .re~ations (Seed.on 2901 et aaq., 'litle 2, ~Qmi& Adndnistrad.ve ·Cade) •

. Ba,•d upon th• attacha4 Initial Stu·dy, it has· b_ea0 found ~c(.!

-a th• project vUl. noc haw a d.gnif1,.cmt effect ~ the eu-ai'Onment.

fi! a:l.d.gad.ou •isures· included in the project wili avoid p,otetitidly s:tsd,d,~t e~fects •. - . -.lit: ~ ~ /

.. •.

INTRODU(S'ION

... over 70 percent of the earth's st1rf~c.e i:s covered· by wa'ter. Only recently-•.-ttas ·man ·begu~'t:o pl:umb the_ depths of his wat:.ery planet, and coµntl~ss traces of the past awai.t the underwater archaeologist. Like the artifacts painstakingly unearthed from land sites, shipwrecks furnish clues to help archaeologists and historians reconstruct ou.r past.

Onderw~ter al!'lthaeology is a relatively new discipline. but one of the f~sta-st growing around the world. ·underwater. sites are gt=nerally far less ~isturbed· than those qn land. Wi'th the exceptions of a few sites s.uch as Pompeii, Herc~laneum and Thera, entombed in a fiery flood of la1.1a, land sites. typically present stratum after stratum of occupation. one site o·ften spans thousands of years and frequently artifacts from one. period become mixed in with those of another· ·period when "·the site is disturbed, making it -difficult for the archaeologist to assign ~~ecise dates to the findings~

A sunken ship, however, is of ten an encapsu-;tated unit. At the moment when disaster struck. time stood still: The vessel sank to the bottom and lies there. representing a single unpolluted moment of a bygone era. There are exceptions: Ships ~hich sunk in port ~reas where other vessels s~nk on top of them, wrecks litter.ed by trash from ships anchored above them, and shipll.lrecks o.1 which salvors have left traces of a

later time. -From a shipwreck the undertAJater archaeologi·-:>t can recover

virtuall~ every artifact that migh~ be found on a land sita of the same era. And sometimes he finds objects neue~ seen before. Everything from the smallest coin to marble columns 1:Jeighing seueral tons haue _been found, even such seemingly perishable items as f 9ods tuffs. clo~h a{ld paper. A shipl!Jreck can be a time capsule from which the arch~.~ologist gains important information. about con.~truc-tion. rigging arid' ~rmament.

A shipwreck can. sometimes be_ 'the . g_nly sou'rce for revealing historical -~~ta on a particular type of ship a~d­period of nauigation. such is the case with the famed Man±la Galleons. In 1911-5. the United States ll.las f o·rced to bomb- a section of Manila where the Japanese were· efltrenched and· in set doiog.. tot~lly \obliterated the Natiqnal Archives of the Philippines. Unfortun~tely. this archives~ c9ntained three centuries of .document"~ relevant to just about euery aspect (If the Manila Galle.,ns from- ~he manner in which they· were constru~ted to the actual log~ooks compiled during·the

-i-: .

cALENDAR PAGE :. }) 3. • 1·2 MINuTE PACE 2 3 z 3' ·.

uoyages. The documentation con~erning Manila Galleons which can be 'found tod~y in the Spanish and Mexican arcl'lives is just a drop, in the bucket of what was, lost in the Mani1.a archiues-. Thus, in order to learn more about the, -·h1s,tory of these , fabulous ·ships we must resort to underwat·er archaeology! ~, . . -..-.

---

-:ii-

' ·•

~-.• , •,

-- ... I.

II.

III~

XU.

u.

TA~LE Of ~NTEt'-TS

... ~I$TORICAL BA~K~ROUNO

The Manila Galleons OrakQ's Say Manila Galleon Preuioil$ Attempts to Loca_te the San Agustin Rn:ly.sis·_,~f Locational Iri'formation

-· ~ . FUH~ING1. ·PERSONNEL. AND EXPEDITION RESEA'RCH VESSEL.

A. Phoenician Exploration Limited B. Key Personnel c. Tha !!g ~rande

SEARCH PHAS~

EX~AUATION OF THE SAN AGUSTIN

ENUlRQNMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS

A. Enuironmental Satting 8. Geology C. Oceanogl"'aphy o. Climate and weather E. Marine Biology F~ Transportation-and use

.... Ui • .,- E~VIRONMENTAL EFf.EC.TS ..

VII. ~~PEND;CES

AppendiM. A: Appendix 8: Appsndix c:

Phoencian Explorations Partners Resumes of Principals High Sensivit;ty Metal Oe.tector

-iii-

.\ ,_

1 4 7 ?

1,1

11 \,2 1ii.<~

16

'.2

24

'24, 24 2S 27 27 ~ ;29

30 .

6

" .

CAf.ENDAKPACE .. 8 3.14_.., MINUTE PAGE . 2 3,Z 5

-THE MA~ILA GAtLEONS

The first of the· fabled Manila Gall1eons crossed the P~cific in 1~65. The last one put into port ~n 1815. Wheri the line began, Philip the Sec·ond:tf-'tiJas king of all the Spai'.ns and his enemy, Elizabeth Tudor, was queen of England. Hernan. Cortes, conqueror of Mexico, had been dead but eighteen years. The same year Pedro Menendez do Auiles laid the foundations of St. Au9ustine in Florida. When the last Mantla .,, galleon sailed it was already fiue years since Miguel Hidalgo hat;t begun the; revolt against Spain which was -to create th• Republic of Mexico. The United States had been a· natioo for forty years ~nd Andrew Jackson h~d· just won the battle of. New·Orle11ns.

' c'

0

Yearly, for the twg and a half centuries that lay between, the galleons made t:he long arid lonely uoya9e bei tween Manila in the Philippines c.and Acapulco in Mexico. No other line of ·ships has ever e·i'ldured so long. No other ragular navigation has ·been so trying- and dangerous as this, for in itss~ 1:1.iJO hundr•d and fifty years the sea claiJned dozeris of ships, thousands of men and many ~illicns in treasure. As the richest tj1i~s in all the 9caans, they were the most coveted pri.ze of pirate and priuateer. The English took four of them, - toe "Santa AnaM in 1587, the "Encarnacion" in 170~, the "Couadonga" in '1743, and the "Sati~ima Trinidad," largest ship of .her t~me, A' ' in 1762. ~ n

To the .peoples of Spanish America. they were the China Ship$or Mani.la Galle·ons that ·brought them ·cargoes of silks- un~ spices and other precious merchandise of the East. To those of the Orient, they were silu'-r argosies·# laden with the Mexican and 'Peruvian pe$os that _wer~. to bec()me the standard of ual~e along its coasts. To Califd'rnia, they f4rnished ~h~· first occas~on ~nd motiue for 'the •xplorat~on of its cQast. To' Spain, they were the link that bound :t:he Philippines - and, for ..:; a ~ime, the Molucc~s - to h(.tr·, and it was the comings ·•nd goings that gaue- soma substanc~ of reality to the Spanish dream of. empire .over the Pacific.

The Manila Galleons were the largest ships tile Spanish titted. In ·the si.~teent;J) century they averaged . ·abou~ 100 tons; in the sev•nf;eenth century the average was t ,.500 tons,; and in the •ighteentr. centur~ they were bet1.11een 1, 700 and 2,000 tons.:. Three or four of these ships sailed annually in ea~h ·dir•ction until 1593, when • law was Passed keeping the n~mb'r of ••ilints of down to two a year in each direction.

-1-

CAlc~DAR'PACE , ·, 15 _

MINUT£ PACE i..3 T6

The uoyage from Acapulco to Manila ..as usually ploasant enough, 11.tith only an occasstonlil sto.- unsettlint th& routin• sailing from eight to ten wee~s. On th• other tt.nd- th• VGJ•t• from Mani.la to f\capulco. was 1tnown •• the, ~·t ·treacherous naui9atic;>n in the world. Because t~• ~nds- in th• Philipttirt• latitudes are from th• east, ~' Man1.l• Galleon• tt«d to ·b•at their way as far north as Ja~it .,_for• reachiQ the belt of wes.terly wind• which would carry th•• across th• ••~t,ic ·unttl th~Y ma(ie landfall on th• co•st of California amt then work•d their wa~ down to Acapul~o.

This uo~age took fro• four to eight months, dependjng on luck. counting th~ crNS, fro• 300 to 600 persons _satled on each galleon with an ·average of from 100 to 150 of th•Jft perishing enroute fro• epidemics, scuruy, thirst, staruatiori, or th• cold. On one of t~ r.taoil• Galleons sailing joint;lY- in 1657, all 450 persons abo~rd succumbed to a smallpox ·epid~~ic. About half the 400 •board the other galleon also ,died.

Notwithstanding the great risks to life·, ships, · al'.ld p~operty inuolued in this navigation, the financial .fgain accru:t;ng to those inuolued ±n the Manila galleon trade and ta}'.;,. the Royal Crown seemed well. worth the hardships. The cargoes carr.ied from Acapulco to Manila 11Jere basically the sam~ as those carried on· the flotas between Spain and the Indies ports, except that silver ~pecie and bul·lion 11Jere also carried on th•se galleons, co11in9 from· -the mines of Peru and Mexico to pay for the cargoes sent to Manila. The Cro11Jn restricted the ~mount to be sent to Maniia at· 500,000 pesos a year, -but like many other lat!Js, this 11Jas almost always disregarded so that an .average of 3 to 5 million pesos were sent to Manila annua·llY. In 1~7, the fantastic amoun't of 12 mi·lliofl pes·~s rea-ched ·the Asian port.

The cargoes ,plying ·the·-:route fr0,m Manila to Acapulco were of a .more exotic anc:t diversitied natu"!'e. The m~in item 11Jas silk from Ch~na and Japan of uaried types. There were crepes, ~ ueluets, gauzes, taff~tas, damasks, and 9ros~~ai~s. Packe4 in chests were silks in every stage of manufacture frum lengths of' raw silk to finished apparel. - robes, kimonos, skirts and stockings. Finely embroidered Chinese religious vestments, silken tap•stries and bedcouerings 11Jere also shipped-. Fine cottons from·the Mogul Empire of India compr~sed a good part of the cargoes during the .:latter part of the trade as were Persian carpets, imported into the Philippines uia India.

'I/ In addition, the Manila Galleons carri~d exqµisit•

jew•lry including pendants, earrings, bracelets and rings. There were gesn studded sword hilts, rugs, fan•, combs •nd a

-2-• -' o-

CALENDAR PACE

MINUTE PAGE

i '83. IL. 2377 -

wi~e range of p~ecious spices and drugs (includin9 rhubarb which was. much· sought after in Euit!ope). The $hips carried a great deal of beautif~l Chinese porcelainware. objects carued of iuory and sandalwood, gold bells, copper euspic:1ors' and exquisite and unusual devotional pieces such as crucifixe~. r,eliquaries, rosaries and .relijious sculptures in wood, ivory •nd gold, crafted ih the O~ient for Roman ~atholics.

Considerable gold in· the form of bullion or. in&nuf acturod arti~los ~s exported to Mexico. Though there ...as 1•~•1 ban on .,. the importation of jewelry from t~e Orieqt, in • large consii,gnment confiscated ~t Acapulco in 1767 there are enumerated hundreds of rings, many of which were set With diamonds and rubies, bracelets, pendants. ear~ings •nd necklaces and a number of gold religious articl•• including a cross set with eight diamonds. on the sa~• occAsion offtctalt also seized "a gol'den bird from China.• so•• jewel-studded ·sword hilts, and seueral alligator, teeth capped wt~h gold. Many unset or uncut gems tjJere also carried to Mexico tai th• M'nila galleon. Henry Hawks, mn English Brehant who spttnt fiue Y'1'-crs in Mexico in the sixteenth ·c:enturr wot•: •titer• was ·a mariner· that ~rought a pearl· ·~ bi9 •• a dou•s • .,,. f.ro.­thence, and a ston~ for which th• Uiceroy would have tiven SOOO duckets,P ~

When the richly laden Manila Galleons reached Acattulco,, i:

mer~hants arriued from as .far away as Peru and a f'•ir WAI held a at which the bulk of the goods W.re sold, Peruvian .. ~ch•nts .., would carry their -newly acquired Mrchandise clown· to •in•• City and sail home later in the year on th• •ht-• of th• Araiiad• of t-he South seas. ·Me~ican merchants h•d their toodt caM'i•d ouer the mountains by mules. tho agents who ropresented· th• merchants in far off seuille a?.so "'sed 1tUl••· nnd tra~u'-lll!ld all the ~ay to. Veracruz to board~~he New Spain Flota back to Spain.

More than 90 percent of all th• Mani·la Gall•ons lost ouer the centuries went ~own in Phil~ppine waters·. Ships sailing, for Mexico foundered on treacherous reefs or fell vie ti• to typhoons bef'.o.re they 1.1.1ere far fro• Manil• and even though ·the Acapulco-Mart.tla .r.oute 1.1.1as less hazardous oveF'all than th• route· east to .the New World, once the heauilJ laden galleons •ntered th• waters around the Philippines they wer• in. daaigerous territory.

Dozens· of Manil.~ Galleons li• beneath the seas. around the Philippines.. Unlike so many of t~9 treasµre galleons lost··· in the New ·Wor-ld, none has euer been found or salvaged. · TJ'ley 'sunk in deep water, beyon~ the reach of Spanish Colonial ·salv~rs but t.tell within the reac6 of modern salvag~ efforts.

.,

•

t\ .- . 1f . .,

,, ,~ - - . 1~

-3- ,,;!

---------------~~--~ 1: 83.17~ ;i

13-78 . . -\ ._.\Lf:..Ot\R PACE

I M!NUTE PA~E

• ,DRAKE'S-BAY MANILAoGALLEON

Drake's aay. located approxim~tely 24 -nautical mtles west-northwest of the entrance to San Franc'isco Bay. is so named because it is belie~.ed ~that Sir Francis Drake s toppeQ th~re to careen his ships during his renowned circumnavigqtion of the world in 1578. ·He dubbed the surrounding coastline Noua Albion and took possession for England - a mc>ue that infuriated the Spanish who ~esented intrusion in~Q ttteir territory.

On ·:ruly 5, 1595, four Manila: Galleons ~ere dispatch~.d from Manila enroute to -Acapulco, their crowded holds crammed l

with treasures. The smallest ship of the flee~ was .the ,!' San Agu'stin, commanded ·bY Captain Sebastian Rodriguez c.e~me~o. And, although she- was Ohly 200 tons, she car~ied 130 tbns in valuable oriental cargo - silks,. spices, porcelain ~nd' some chests -of gold, siluer. iuory. jade and ebony objects, in addi.tion to an undetermined amount of precious stones.

_Unlike the three iarg.er ships- whic~ were to proceed ... <*irec.t"'ly to Acapulco, the San Agustin had orders to, stop along;; the ce>ast of' California for purposes of explor~tion. The main objective Wi;!S to locate one or more saf~ hauens where Hanil~. Galleons Gould stop to make necessary repairs and take ·on fresh water and: firewood before continuing on t9 ~cap~lco.

On Noue~ber 6, 1595. aft~r a difficult crossing, the $hip mncho~ed in Drake's BiY~ While most of the crew and pa~jeqg,rs 1.\Sere ashore~ a sudden storm st.ruck causing the ship to _ sink. Uery -H ttl~ of her c~rgo was saved. Howeuer, th~ ship• ·s· launch ~as spared and. the majority of people managed to, reach the port of Chacala; Mexi~o afts~ a. haz~rdous uoyage of more thiln two months.

Most .of the information concerning the loss of San Agustin com-es from Cermenos own accotitit, which transll!ted by Henry Wagner in 1924 an~ publ±shed in Ca1ifornia Histor,ical Quarterli.

~he was ~ the

**"!7 " -

The following is from the origina1 account of Sebastian Rodr~uez Cermeno and ~s signed b~ him .

•.. As the we~tH~r ·was seuere we k~pt ~etting ~ear the land. and~ i,auin9 reached ~-t~tt•,a morro was discovered. which :makes a high land and seemed lil<e the Punta del Brazil of Terce~a .- · Running along a mus ket~shot f'rom the land. we' s,aw a poin~ which -~ore northwes~. and ente.ring by this t11e say tha~. there was a l~rge bay • Here I wen't oo c~s-ting the 1~ad,.,

-4-

~ O\!.ENDAR PAC£

MINUTEPA9E

..

with i;he bow headed north & quarte,r northeast. -wi.th the 'bottom of the sea of sand. and went on to seu'en fathoms. where - I anchored. The point on the west: side bore southwest quarter west. and the one. on ·the east. south-southeast. :rhe bay, is very large and shaped like a horseshoe,~·and a riuer runs into it. and on the bar at high tide there are ~h_ree fathoms of water, and from the bar outsida to- i:he entrance of the an~horage there is a distance of two shots of an arquebtiii. Having anchor.'3d ira this bay. t.tJe sa~· in the middle of it three small islands which bore south-south-west, and to the south a small island of

-a,alf a leag\i.a in size. The islands trend~d northt.tJest-southeast. The land is bare. The riuer aboye referred to' ent&rs into the land three leagues and has a narrow mouth, while aboue in some parts ~t is a j;eague in width, and ·in others a half a le«gue. on the west side it has two branches ·of half a league each, and op the ,east S·id one, the eptrance of which is a matter of a quart.er, or a league from the .b~r •. 4Wagner 1924') ··

- .. - - -- .. £~-••• The land ~f;lems fertile as far as ·t:nree leagues inland. according to what I saw and what tht other Spaniards saw whom I too'k with me to seek food. of \\!J1ich' ther·e t.tJas tleed on account of the loss of the ~-hip . . • (Ibid)

• • • Qn Friday. morning the 8ttl of December. CAie· left: the bay an~ port of San francisco--or as its other

-name is. Bahia Grande--where we: were shipwrecked. This :bay is in the 38 213° and· the i~lancls wllich are in the '"outh (of the bay) are in 38 i-120, and from one point of ~he.bay to the other there may be • di1tance or tl&.tenty-f~e..,leagu~s .'.. (Ibid)

The following is from a Dec'laration made by Cermeno on ~ . Nouember 30,, 11fter he and the expedition suruivors ;arrived in. Chacal&.

z·n the port and bay of the new dis couery ,of C-pe Mendocino in the camp of $anta Fe, the 30th of Nouem'3er, 1S9S, before me, Pedro de Lugo~ escribano of the King our .;tnas ter, Captain Sebastian 'Rodriguei Sermeno, chief 1' pilot of the sai:d discouery. said that: th-. rieason of having lost, while at anchor in the port, the ship San Agustin which he brought and which Cap~ain ·Pedro sarl)liento had Qffered .t9 the King in MaWlila. wi thot.tt being able to saye rm1 of the. supplj•s and other prop{'rty wbich ~· on board, •••

CALENDAR •4~1

M1Nut£ PA~E

1'

•

•

•

Lastly, t;he D~lanc,s-.A$cen~ion Oerrotero, !JJhich - ~as triulslated- by Wi:lgner (1926), but oµ,hich w~ have taken from Ak.er·" (-1965), states:

...... • • lt is calla~ "La Punta de los Reye~ 11 and is ~ steep morro. on ·its northeast,..'"lside this f'tJrni$hes ~ uery good shel.ter. ma~ing ;i.t -a good port for all ship1.. It is in the l~l:itud~ of S8 1/20, Note tbilt in anchorin9 in this f!ort, called "San FrArcisco,." for thelter frolll· the south_ ~nd southeast wind.s, you h!!lve to ~o so ~t ttae encj of the· b•ach iri the corner on the west~souttwJest side•¥•"

, , , ttere ·it WJ'I that the ship San Agustin was lost irr 1595, cQmin9 on lt voyage of :exploration. The loss was caused more by the man corin'nanding her than· by the force of the wine ...

Th.- only addi,tional piece of information th~t is «V~il11ble in • primary source is ~ comment in the Dec'larac::t.on ·Of Cermeno before Pedro de Lugo, Scriuener of ~he King. Although most of the relevant te~t is repetitton of his. Nacc:.ount" quoted aboue, one· significant comment is aflded: "Tile ship· a~chor~d in the bay •nd port about a quarter of a lea9~~ ,f'rom shore" (Aker 1695 as. taken from Wagner· ~.926 > •

As can be *een, these accounts giue ~nly a brief me~tion of t!l• octual sinkin9. Ttij.s may be due to . a .separate declmrati'on hauin9 been taken to c;over the loss_ of the 1hip. Such a doeument has 11ever 5hown up, but it is l\ikely to have ~een ..£cmsidered a ''State secret_,., both bec~use or the u•lue o~

tile ship. ·and the comment abe!~ei- that the loss Wll$ ", •• caused more by £tie m•n commanding her-.,.," ~nd it will mos~ \ilcely. n~uer be found. ·

The approX.imate location of the San Agustin; wittiirr several hundred yards, ha·s b.een knollln by scliolirs for year$. · Sinco 1940, more t~an ~00 artifacts, primarily porcelain sherds, have wash~d ~shore c.m the beach adjacent to the wreck 1.ite. Among tile ortifacts are other c•ram;Lc ~!!-'!-~ts, irori nail• aand spikes, pieces of ships rig9ing and·· a brass mortar. An amatsur div'r reportedly recovered a tmall b~onie cannon, teveral .harquebu,e• and a few pie¢es of in~a~t porc•l•inware. ~

Due to the fact that the §!.n- Agus!;fb is not only,- thet oldos,t, but possibly the richest shipwreck Jo.st c»n -the w•$t coast r;>f North IUneri~a, it h&·s been the t\lbject of •,great ,. nurnb'r of scholarly rfi!por1;s and popular ,articles. ~ '.~ ,_

c.\UNDAK PAGI

M1~UTEPA J

.. ~ f!I9! ftTIEH~TS T9 ~OCATE THE SAN AGUSTIN

.-..The •r•a of Poin.t Reyes and Drake's Bay a're tstrategically located and offer saf&· haven fro~·-nirthorly stor~s and h.is been­used' by mariners for many ·c;,inw;"':ies. The §an 99~1tin, is biU.eved to bo tho fir~st ship .to h~ve been 1011: In· t i~ ar,a,

·but· at least 72 others ouer the centu~ies have m~t a li~e fate~

f'aymond Aker, & maritime historian associated ~ittl_ the . Drako .Navigator• 1 Q\Iild, has produced a comprehensive analysis Of the ~ortions of 't:he Wagner trl\nslation that relate directly to the location of th_• wreck, and has settled on ~ probable_ site just seaward of the ·present mouth of Drake's Estero. He was assuming that, in 1595, the actual cut through Limantour Spit was locatid •&st of iti present location.

Th• step-by-step rationale that Aker deuel~ps to justify his concl~sion is woll-thought-out and unfortunately .may be prouen correct. It would be unfortunat-. because it would place.: .}

"

) -' ... .;,,,.-

th• u•s1el within or uer~ ne~r t~e existing breaker ione •t the ~out~ of the-e1tero. This area would be extremely ~ifficult to surv•v ade-qu•t~l'Y, and next to impossi~le ~9 -·~~.avite for-- the purpose of 9round-truthin9 any remote- sensing anomalies. Analysis- of ttii's data· by the :National Park Service, howeuer, put th_e wreck as much as 1. 5 miles- west of .Aker' i projec~ions, and o·ut of the present breaker zone. The ,logic for , this conclusion ij base~ on some ve~y slight different•~ of int•r~r~tatioo of 'th• documentary evidence. ' Other analysis have produced still othor locations. but these ti.LIO app~ar to be

~the lNst 9ro1.mded in the few murky facts- ,available . ••

In December 1!)63, discussions were hald .be'tuieen John Huston of San Fr~ncis~o (one Of the founders of the Council of Underwater Arcr~aeology), Adan Treg~nza 'i;)f' San Franci~o State Unviersity~ and Paul Schumacher who was then the Nation~l P~rk Service Regional Archaeologist, abQut the need for an underwater archae~logi'cal survey of Drake's Bay. TLl.IO years later in March 1965, a survey was. undert~k~tn using a rubidium mmgnatometer owned by Varian Associa.;es cif ·Palo Al~o and iuperuisad ~Y' :John Huston. Their main obj'ectl,.ue was to locate th• remains of the San ~gustin~ Huston reported obtaining a number of "strong anomaljes" in th• area where th~ !}an Agu,,!!!Q was, presumed lost but no excavations, were aue~ undertakcJn to identify th~ t'rgets. Huston was kn_own to ha.ti~ ~•rriad on • great deal 'of nistorieal ;.•s•arc~ on th~ S.~tt A!llftti but failed to write a r~port orr his .work before hv;ii, ifeat n \lt.

' ,

-1-

·~ '

\ I l,

CAllNDAliPACI . ·a in.'] MINUTE PAG~ _ 2 'J Q. 2·-

•

/"'"'"& , .,··

In 1982. be-tween August :;23 and September =s. and Ocl:Qber 4 to 14, the National Park Seruice conducted a surue~ of Drake's Bay usin9 remote sensing instruments. 9 ma~netorrieter- wa·s' ued to couer an area of 2. s square miles and they obtained' ·6.8~ anom~lies« Thcso anomalies were analyzed. ,and 49 clust:'er$.. !?f anomalies were indicated· for priority tes.t excauation, The · majority of these n.o doubt· we'f'e ··from modern-day wreckage ~net -debris. Side scan sonar was also used couering an area· of 1'0 s.quare milos in Drake's Bay l:o locate any targets which were" protruding a~oue the sea 'floor. A. sub-bottom .prof:.i'ler sollar unit was also u-Sed cQuering 39 iinear miles .to dl?tain an lli!'" .accurate picture of the - b.ay geology. It ·was learned that ·.the depth of ~edim~nt i~ th~ ~ay ranged fro~ a few in~h~$ to ~eu~n meters in -some ar·oas-. The NPS produced an excel'lef~ repo:rt on their work in this bay but unfortunately were unable to follow up with exc~uations. Some of tlieir magnetometers .anomalies were in the ·area where the San Agustin was pre~umed :lost arfd they may .haue located some sect:f:Oil1S of this shipwreck ..

'::: .. ,

There haue been .numerous reports of sports· diuers~ and treasure hunters conducting unauthorized searches in Oralee's -Bay and there are unconfirmed reports t.hat both airlifts and;,; blaster$ haue been used in som~ cases. The~~ are also ~ep9rts ~

"

•

of· divers finding. two bronze cannons, numerous i.ntact :pi"&ce.S: ·~1· por.celai~. ~~ueral muskets and a brass mortar - si~ilar to'~F.a one located on land by archaeo~ogists. ~ 'o

-

CAlENDARP~I

- ~\~NUTE PAGE

" ; ~·

~-

H.3~22

ANALYSIS

ouer the ye~rs a great deal ·tlas been wr-;tten about the ~ los'S of th .. San Agustin in Drake's Bay and the explorati.ll:lns in this area und~r'~aken by CGrm~o, and his men. . some ' acco.ttntS" state that the ship w&s anchored 'in five fathoms and e:thers state the depth. as oeuen fathoms. All agree that 7:he location was • quarter leagu• of,f;hore but. fe\a.I authors agree. on the· exact meafurements of a league. My own research indicates that a league· was three and • h&lf nautical miles., ·dur-tng· tb;s period. This would put ·the ·anchorage at • e?S nai:stical miles off shore. Hot1.1euer. there is geologi~al auidence poin~ing l::Q tha fact that the shoreline has receded ouer the ·~ears and this would· put the anchorage eU4!fl furth~r offshore today.

We know that a storm arose while most of ~the crew ·of the ihip was a-shore and "the shl.P was :t.ost. 11 Soin~ autt)ors assert that the ~hip was driuen ashore and went to pieces bu~ historical 'information does riot co11firQl: ~t,lis fact" No doubt tter masts and rigging, as wel.l as a part of her sup.erstructµr~, wen~ ashore. ·but the m~in section af her hull and all of her"" armamvnt. b~llast. cargo probabl~ remains furth~r offshore. The fact; that the "Suruiuors we~e not able to rec,ouer any. of her cargo arid vary little of ·ner storeg substantiates this fact.

One of ~he main differences in anal9sis of the wreck• s location is to wnat degree the ship was blown from her mooring location befor~ $inking. ihe Park Service analysis combines an ocean swell from west-north!Alest and a sout~e·ast wind to pus", the -San Agustil! directly onshore from 'her anchora'CJ,e. ftker argues against the SO&Jtheast wind, b~lieving tha.t under ·such condit:t.ons tho crew col!ld haue tacked out t-o safe·ty. But with the caj)tain· and the bulk of .j''-he- crew ashore .• and an incompetent. (?) in charge, the logic of ue'l'Y 1.ittle eastward drift could· ·be '1alid. ~nformation fr,om the Spanish Archives. howeuer. wQuld, indicat~: that the ship actually su,nk at her moorings, and,~ didrLt drift at all. ~- ' ~

The Oralee Na'1igators Guild published a .report entit:1.ed .• The Cermeno Expedi ticn at Drake' s....J!!l,1 by Ra~lftOnd Aker in 1965 and he has th_e following to say on page 12: "Ceruno • s °""" account. of which the.re are two oric;inal copies not d.n ht• h&n~writiog but signed"' by him. also omits a deposition on th• loss of the ·,ship. '!{ha reas<>n far not including infor~~tion concerning the loss of the §!l!l Agustin can only be conjec.ture. but th• most compelling- apparent ·reason UJas that the 3a1rec;f< t-epresonted sal'1age potentia:\.. The possibility ·that lhis; WA'S the cas• is .suggested in Father de la f'scens:lon•·s account of

·-' -

1

.. J :~e I

I !

, .... ., <'

" 1~ ~1 ~. :!.:J (._' CALEN~R P-4CI

·' 2.:P 4 MINUTEPA~E .

..

•

~ -

. ,,

24. Explorati~n around the Turks~d Caicos Islands at the inv~tatlon·of the Turks and-Caicos Hlstorica! Society, to det0rmtne if o"e of these islands, was the original landing place of Columbus on his first voyage~

;11o Eleven shipwrecks were also discovered9 dating fra11 the early 17=th to the middle of the 19th century. Nov.~r 1971, March 1973 and Maren 1977.

25. Exploration of waters surrounding Ascension Island -in the South ,Atl'anttc· at the invitation of the British.Government in which f~µr .sh~pwrecks dating from the middle of the 16th century to the.beginning ·of the 18th century were discovered and investigated. Ml~b 1973.

26. Magnetameter"'ind visual search covering a 20 square 11Ue area ln the Florida Keys in whictf nine shi~ were discpv~recl-., explored f!hd · identified. May - October 1973.

27. Exploration of waters surrouoding Grand Cayman Isltnd at the invJtatton of the local_ government -in which a n!Jftber Qf shipwrecks were dtscqvered. November 1973 and rebruar.y 1978.

28. Explorat~on of a sunken· city which was ~ubmerged 1~ 1~1 off Orangstaad, St. Eustatius Island in the Caribbean under thee auspices of the Dutch, Government. In addition to locating and mapping the vfsual submerged st~cturcs of the site, a number of old shipwrecks were also discovered and investigated. :December 1973.

29. Participation in underwater archaeological surveys and ~cavations made along the northern coast of Israel under the d,irection of Dr. Elish~ Linder of th- University· of Haifa. Most of ttie exc;va~jons were concentrated in t~.e a~ea of Acre on harbour works and11.Cnisader shtpwrec~. In this area and wlso at Athlit ~nd Shavei 'Zion four Phoenician and several Hellenistic and Roman shipwrecks wete located ~Y a team lead by ,myself. September - October 1975 and May 1976. ·

--so •. Exploration of both the Atlantic and'Pacific coasts of Panama 'bnder the aus.ptc:es Qf th,e Pan~ Government.. Very, extensive visuel and ,magnetometer searches were·made around the Peral Islands on the Pacific side of the lsthlnus aild on the Atlantic side around ttle mouth of"the Chagre' River.~ Po.rte Bello, ·NQn!bre de D1o_s .:and in the San Blas Islands. A total of 44 old shipwrecks pre datlng-1800,c,were dtscoveredo T•st ·hole excavations ~ere made' on a· number of the sites.. .lime - Nov.er 1976 and ·Februarv-" ·d~ly 1977. ' ' ' .,

~1. ~~ater exploratton .made ln the waters ·Off:~ Central IMr•ca)l " coUntry of IJelize. seven virgin wreck sttes.,were= discovered and two prov~ ta b9 17th centµry Sp~lsh Me~l?antmen• Af)rU .1976,.

' ~';

I,

, CALENDAR •Mii. MlNUTEPAGI

, . - 5 -

32. At the invitation of the Australi~h Government, I explored four 17th and 18th cen~ury o~ch shipwrecks, plu~ other~ of other date periods and nationalitJes off the west coast of Australia. August-September 1917.

.. .p 33. Underwater archaeological survey made at the invitation of the Dutch

Antilles Government around the i~lands of St. 'Martin's. Saba and St. Eustatius. Wreck sites were disc6vered off each island and recemmendatlons for their event~al excavation were made to the gove11Went. October -Kovember 1977.

Rf" . '

34. Search, and excavation of numerous wreCks· located in the Florida Keys t>etw~ Marathon and Key Largo. A1'0ng the most tinportant Sites ·warked were three of the 1733 galleons. a 1622 merchantman.and a French merchan~o 1750. March - July 1978.

35. Extensive magnetometer and visual survey made· off Cape Canaveral and surrounding waters. A ntimber of shipwrecks were dtscovered' b~t poor working conditions,prevented them from being excavated. July - September 1978.

36. Aerial. visual and magnetometer of the Uttl.e Bahama Bank. covering~scme 40 GqUai'e miles in Which a total of 28 Ship\irec~S were located dating from the mid.sixteenth to late 19th century. October 1978 and July -

~ September 1979. · 31. ·working· under the auspices of UNESCO and the Dept. of £ducation-of the

Mauritius Government, l conducted' an extensive aerial and visual survey ·~ of ·the reefs surrounding this fsland, locating a· total of 18·old,shlr>wre• which predate ·1aoo; including four Portugµese East !ndtmnen of t~e "6th · cent1,1ey and seven other·East Indiameri ·(French, ~ch and:English) of the 17t~· and 18th centuries. During this same expediti~. I' was a consultant to the team excavating the French-.merchant vessel St. Geran '5hich was. lost

'ain 1744 •. ·A vast number of artifacts were ;reeovered ·and after· preservation, were placed on display in the island's Maritime Museum. February-Aprll 19n ...

38. Under the direction of the Naval Museum of Rio de Janeiro, l conducted an underwater visual survey in the waters surrounding Salvador (Bahial an<~ located 13 shipwrecks ·from the 17t!l~ 18th and 19th centu.ries, including the flagsbip of the Dutch privateer, Piet Heyn, Jost during his attack on thai place in 1627. May 1979. · ·

39. One Greek and two Roman amphorae-carrying galleys were discovered .in waters surrounding the po_rt of Palma de MaUorca~ Spain. lri lithe\- areas. five large lead Roman anchors were.discovered, which were not associated with a shipwreck~ ,June 1979. .;t ·

·~.

40. Underwater archaeological survey along the southem coast -of Portugal in °. se~rch of Classical period shtpwreeks. In tOe·harbOur of Por.:tl1110, I Punt( and a Rolla~ shipwreck were discovered. ~r•·Movt.bir, 1979~

CAµNOARPA~E·

MlNUUPAGE

·ts~i25~ J.3'86 '

- 6 -

41. Underwater archaeological sur.yey made in the Azores around the Islands of Sao Miguel and Santa Mariil{ Twelve different 16th to 18th century s_hipwrecks were surve_i~. ~~--e!' 197~ ..

-~ 42. ,f~ensive magnetometer and visual survey· made alo~g a. thirty mile area of the soathern and e~sterr~shores of Cape Breton Island (Nova Scotia: ·Canada. More than 40- shipWr-ecks dateing from, the 17th to 20th century. were disr:cvered; amongst the most. 18'Jortant were the British tf4S -Tilbury (1749) ·and an unknown section of the French-~arship Chameau (1725). Test excavations were made on the abDve two and several Other 18th century shipwrecks. June - October 1980.

kl<" '

43. Under the direction cif the Naval -t'Alse111 of Rio de Janeiro. Brazil. two 17th.century PUtch warships were partly excavated; the f~agshlp.of ptet Heyn (ijoll~dia) lost during his attack on the pl~ce in ·16?7,and the Utrecht lost in 1648. :~th sites were located near·the harbour of Salvidor in the Bay of All Saints. · '!!!e f>t)rtuguese East Indiaman, Santa Clara,. lo.st ·tn 1573 was also discov~red 30 miles north of this Bay. Hc>vember \980 -March 1981 •.

44. ,Underwater archaeological survey-llM!de along t~e eastern and southern coast of Santiago Island in the Cape Verde Islands and seven '15th to 18th : century shipwrecks were discovered; the two~mast important being-two Portuguese !fterchantmen dating f~ the mid-16t.~·century off the fishipg village ·of Cidade Velha. On a beach on the Island of Sal remains of 1' ~hoenician shipwreck dating fraa the 5th century a.c~ was al~o discovered.~ May 1981.

45. Extensive magnetometer and visual sur¥ey made, covering an area of 150 squa~ miles on the Great Bahama Bank, Bahamas with more than·so shipWl"ecks dllting fran the 16th to '19th ce~ries beiilg located. June - November 1.98.1 April ··October 1983, August - October .1984. -46. Aerial. sonar. magnetometer and visual search conducted along the coast. ~arbours and river ftlOuths of the State of Peri'lambuco;erazil. under the auspices of the Naval filllsewn of Rio :de Janel ro. Brazil. Eighteen· ·1&t~o

19th century shipwrecks were discovered (Portuguese. Spanish. Dutch ano·­French); the majority of which were 17th century ships lost during the Dutch occupation of this,area. Tw0 Dutch East Indiamen were also located. Febrtiary .. April 1982. · ·

47. Under the auspices of the Musee de Marfne ·(Paris) a sonar and magnetemeter survel was conducted off the co~~t of Brittany, France~ ,and nine 16th to 18th century shipwrecks ~re d~scovered. including three Freneh war.ships fran the famous Battle of QUiberon Bay (=1759). Als0 " participated in the excavation af the French warship Solell ~yal (1759) off Le Croisic. June - July 1982. ·~":'. ~, b , •

' ~·i

. c.~;· .... /7

.,

CALENDAR PACE 8 3. 2 6

· MIHUVE PAGi ' 3,8 7 .

- .1 -

48. Underwater archaeological survll!y conducted in Saia cf.:! Guan,.abara (Rio de Janeiro). Brazil under the auspices of the Naval Museum

..-. of Rio de Janeiro, on vhat is bel-ieved, to be a possible.Roman amphora earner from the 2nd t:entury e.c. Three other shipwrecks· were found and surved on this site (16th, '17th and 2oth centuries). Septe'tlber ~982 - Feb·ruary 19~3.

49. Magnetometer and side-scan sonar survey ·and visual search conducted along the East·coast of Florida bet~'Vero Beach and Cape:tanaveral during·wf:li~,b. a number of shipwrecks from~~ 17th and 19th centqries were located. Several n~w sections of the flagship of the 17JS fleet. know as the "~BIN SITE• were loca~t!d and excavated during tile smner of 1985. ~

ffISTORICAL RESEARCH

History of Spanish flo:tas and galleons, 1504-1776; Europea~ rivalry in ~be Caribb~an, 1550-1825; Naval warfare~ 1509-1825; sh~pwrecks from Cape ~3tteras tO Rio de la Plata. 1492-1825; pre-Columbi1n voyages to America; early history. of di.ving an_d salvag~. a. September 19sg.~ february 196Q: librar.y.of Congress. AcadaJny of

.franciscan History, ,y~~hington, D.Cy; Hispanic fcu~dation, N.Y. , . ~ ' J:

b. Febru~ry 1961 - ~uly 1962: Archive de la Indias, Seville; ArchivQ de los Duques de Medina-Sidonia, Sanlucar. de Barrameda; Museo Naval. ~ Real Academia de l~ Historia, and Biblioteca Hacional, ·~drid; Arthivo,._, Historico de la Marina, Viso del Marques; Museo Naval, Barcelona; Vatican Archives, Va~ican Library and Jesuit Histori~al InStitute, Rome.

c. September 1963 - Mal"Ch t964: Museo Naval, :Madrid; Archtvo de Simantas, Simancas; Arquivo Historico de Ultramar;. Atqt.i'ivo Nacional da Torre do

~Tombo,. Lisbon; MUseu da Mar.inha, Belem; Library of·t~~ University of Coimbra, Coimbra~ Osterreichische Hationalbibliothek• Vienna; ,8ibliotheque Nationale ~nd Musee de la Mar..ine, Paris.

d. May '1964 - April 1965, June 1981 and March 1982: Britisb Museum, Lloyd*s Qf Lon~on, Public Fecord Office, London; Nati~nal Maritime Museum, Greenwich; Nederlandisch Historisch Scheepvart Museum, Amsterdam; Netherlands Royal Archives, The Hague.

e. August - September 1968: British titasem; ·National Marittme.ftlset11; ff~s~ Naval. Madrid._ · - "' ·

f ~ July 1969: Archivo ae S!mancas, Simanca~. Spain. -~-

,, .,,.;,, •

-• CALENDAR PACI

MiNUTEPAGE 2,3il8 . . .. ,, . . , I .. '· ... ' ' ,. .·' "' ... · '' ': ' ..

- 8 -

g. August~ Ocotber 1971: British Museum, Lloyd's of Londoo,. London;­Museo Naval Biblioteca Nacional, Madr..td; Arctsivo de las Indtas, Seville~ ·

h. May - June 1975, April 196'.1and·December1981: Arc~ivn de las lndias, Seville; ~ritish Museum, London; Fublic R~cord~ Office,. London.

i. Sept~er - October 1977, Novel'!lber 1978 and Januar.y ·1979: Archivo de las Indias, Seville. ,....

j. Hovember - December 1978 and August 1982: Biblioteque Nationale. Paris. k. March - April 1983: Netherlands RGyal Archives, the Hague; Public

Records Off.ice and the British Library, London. 1. Novelriber ... December 1983, February • March 1984, Novemer • lletember

1984 and February .. March 1985: Archbo de las Indias,, Seville;. Museo Naval,, Madrid; Musee de la Marine, Paris.

VOYAGES

Co-organizer and navigator;-·voyage of Nina II, replica of' Columbus• ~aravel, -f~ Palos~ Spain ·to San Salvador, August - Decemtier 1962. Was made a Knig~t Cam&ander in the Order of Isabel the Catholic by the Spanish Government as a result of making this voyage. ,

Organizer and captain. voyage o'f replica of i0tti century Gc)kstad Viking ship (projected voyage from Gibraltar to Yucatan tc demonstrate possibility of pre-Colll!llbian voyages in open-decked. square-rigged vessels; sfiakedOwn cruise, Rijeka, Yugoslavia to Bizerta. Tunisia. where shipwrecked ,fn -a·storm.

_ March - Aprcil 1964. · ,

Organizer and captain. v~yaQe of a replica of 10th-century Gokstad Viking ship for the same purpose as previous voyage in 1964. Voyage rtarted tn Limeri~. Ireland~- and endr::d 4.400 miles later at Gibraltar. · April i June 196Sl~ -- ~ -: .,

/

CAlENDAR PAGE

MINUTE.PACE ,

~

.... /9

- 9 ..

OTHER EMPLOYMENT

International Minerals and chemicals Corporation (Skokie, Upnois). Oceanographic Consultant, December 1959 - December 1060 • . ... Saturday Evening Post, Kdventure Editor, January - Sept~er 1963. Argosy Magazine, Archaeology Editor, December 1967 - December 1978. Dive magazine, .Contributing Editor, Jlnuary 1965 - August 1974. -Real Eight Canpany Inc., Director of research and salvage;. June 1.968 .. January 1971. · Seafinders. Inc •• Vice President. Man 1971 - May, 1974. Oc:ean Industry Insurers Ltd. !London), Consultant on deep diving systems and submersibles. Oct;,ber 1971. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, visiting Lecturer in underwater archaeology, January - February 1974. ' -Sea WOrld Enterprises, Inc., 'President, August 1·974 - June ·1976. ·

# ~

Planet Ocean (International Oceanographic Foundation). ,consultant, October 1974. · · Aquarius Magazine. Contributing Editor. 1972 - 1976. Unive~ity of California at San Diego, vislti~g Lecturer in underwater archaeology • -January - March 1974 and F~ruary 1975. · L.o.s.T. Inc., Expetition Leader, Febr'Uary - October 1978• ' Phoenician Explorations~ Director of Opera~ions, January 1979 to

- present.

PUBLICATIONS

'Over 400 scientific reports, popular articles and reports.

°cU.ENDAR PAGE

MINUTE PACI 23~0 .29

- 10 -

OR6Aff IZATIONS

... Es;u~la de Estudiq,s Hispano-hnericano. Seville. 1962. Coun~il of Underwater Archaeolcgy.~at Francisco. 1963. Acad~Ja Real de la Historia, Madrid, ;ss3. Club de\Explor.actones Deportivas Acuatica~ de Mexico (CEDAM). M@xico Cl1:y, 1959. · , · CEDAM Intei-,,ati13'nal, ·Washington, o.c. 1963. Caribbean Re$earch Institute. ~t. Thomas. Virgin Islands, 1967. Instituto del ·caribe, University of Puerto Rico, 1964. The Intemationa;l Oceanographic Faundaticn, Miami. 1964. American Institute~of Nautical Archaeology, Cyprus. 1973. A":lerican Littoral 50-~iety. Sandy Hook. New Jersey. 1974. National Maritime Hist9rical ~ciety, New York, 1971. Jamaican Historical Soc'lety. 'Kingston. 1965. Society for Nautical Rese~rch. Greenwich. England, 1958. Explorer• s Club. New York. l1959. Adventurer's Club. Los Angeles. 1972. American Scandirlavian Foundati'~n. NeW York. 1963. Underwater Society @f America. ~'iladelphia, 1960.

-Society for Historical Archaeology, Washington. D.C. 1971 • .. Sea Research Society, Mount Pleasant, South Carolinzi·; 1972 • . ynderwater Exploration Society of Israel. 1!f?i~. Sav~ the Dolphin Foundation, san Franci~co, 1~5. The Epigraph~:'c Society (elected as a Fellow in- ~982), San Diego. Gro..upe P~ Le Recherche et t'Inventaire des Epave$, Paris. 1978.

83 .30 CAU:NDAJC P~~E· MINUTE P~Gf \\ 2J'9.1 ,,

.. 11 ..

eoo:<S ~ Historia de la lsl~ de Cozumel, Merida~ Yucatan, 1959.

Voyage of the Nin\· II, World Publ~:cations Co. Clevela_nd-New 'Yori! -1963• Following Columbus. World, 1964 (Juyenlle). The Battle of the A~da, fSBB. World 1965 '(juvef1Ue). The Battle of Lepan4;0~ 1571, World, 1965 (juvenile). Ttiey Dared the\i:reep: A History of ·Diving. World, 1~7. HlstQTY of the Sunken City of Port Royal. World, 1967. Always-Another Adventure, World• 1967. treasure Fleets of the Spa~ish Main, World, 1968. S~ipwrecks in.Florida -Waters, Real Eight co •. ~nc •• 1969. Shipwrecks .in Hexlcau Waters, C;QAM. Mexicc City, 1971. Shipwrecks of the Western Hemisphere. Wor\d, 1971. Sea Fever: famous Underwater Explorer3, Doubleda~ •. 1972. Port Royal Rediscovered, Dou~leday, 1973. Th~ Lure of Sunken Treasure, David McKay, 19n. Underw~ter Dig: M.;nual of Underwater Archaeol~Y· David McKay, 1?75. Shipwrecks of the· Western Hemisphere (Hew· Revised Edition). David McKay. Secrets Beneath the 5eit, Belmont-Tower, 1975. .

-- Capture of the Spanish:Plate Fleet: 1628. David McKay, 1976: Div'lng for Adventure. David McKay. ,1979., Spanish Treasure~ in Florida Wajers. Mariner Press, Boston, 1978• Still Hore Adventures, Hasan Charter, 1976.

,I. I I I

~-' i

Burled Treasures of the United States,. David McKay, 1978• lnto the Deet>: A tilstory of f1an's Underwater ExpJorations. Van tlost1"1~_· , Retntlold, 1978. · ·Quest ·for Treasure· (Discovery of the gall.On M&i'-;vlll•s). 'hi -p~Ushtng. C~~ ,.· " oon-s. Texas. 1982. - - . ;t

...... ~ ... , ~ '*·

\ ..

-... (} .·

CALENPAR 'AGI

' MINUTE PACt

- 12 -

BOOKS'TO BE ~UBLISHED

.-.. Gold: From the b~wn of Time to the Fall of Rome, with Jenifer MarX'. Gold: From the Fal! of the Roman tmpire to the Present~ with, Jenifer Marx.

:... -

Buried Treasures of'ttit·spanish Maln~ David McKay. Pre-Collll\blan Voyages to America. _ _ Pirates, Privateers & Bucaneers of the Spanish Hain, with Jenifer Marx•

MOVIES --Over a period of SCTIW: twenty odd y~ars I have been involved i~ the filming or productian end of over 30 documentary films. the majority of which were shown on nationwide television. AmOng the most important films was "The Adventurous Voyage of the Nina"' which was a two hour film on CBS-TV shown in February 1963, ~v1kt~g Voyage" shown on NBC-TV as a one hour special in Aug~st 1964, and "Treasure Galleon" narrated_ by Rod Sterling and shown on nationwide television as a two hour movie during 1975 and 1976'~ Most recent films made were "Indian Oc~ah 'Treasure .. ln 1931 ,and "The Battle of Qulberon Bay" .made for both- French ~nd American · television in 1982·~

LECTURES

I have lectured professionally for mgre than ten years throughout the United States and in more than ten foreign countries on the subjects of .underwater archaeology, maritime history. treasure'huntlhg and travel.

LANGUAGES

Speaking: English and Spani~h. ~ ~eading: Span~sh. (including old Spanish), Italian, ,Portuguese ahd Frenqh •

.... ...

CALENDAR PACE

MINUTE PAGE

DR. JEAN .. YVES BLOT

.....

Age: 34

Citizenship: French

Dr. Jean-Yves Blot is a recognized underwater archaeologist and has his doctorate· degree in underwater ~rchaeology from the Sorbonne in ·Parts and also has a masters degree in anthropology. Mr. Blot has been diving on shipwrecks as his main employment since 1970 and has participated in.or led underwater archaeological expeditions off Iceland, France. Portugal, Kenya, Madeira, Mauritania, Mauritius Island, the Bahamas and Florida. Among his notable ffnds are the French East Indiaman Saint Geran, lost in 1744 off Mauritius Island in the lndian ocean; the Meduse, lost in 1807 off Mauritania; and the Soleil Royal. lost in 1759 off the coast of Q~iberon, France. ·Mr. Slot is the author of two.books dealing with his work on shipwrecks, has four major documentarj films ·and has lectured extensively throughout Europe and the United States. Currently he is . . employeed as an underwater archaeologist for the Museum of Arcil~eology in Belem, Portugal.

• CALEHD.\R PACE

. MINUTE PAGE

83 .33

DR. MAAlA-LUlSA DE BRITO PJNH~IRO BLOT

Age: 38

Citizenship: Portuguese

Dr. Maria-Luisa De Brito Pint1eiro Blot has her dq1ctorate degree in history from the University of Coimbra in Portugal. She has spent a number of years doing archival research relevant to shipwrecks in all of the major ·depositories of Europe, the United St~ates, India and Indonesia. In addition to-being a historian, she 'is a diver and ~~ underwater archaeologist and has participated in all of the .~xpedition~ of her husband, Jean-Yves Blot. Sh~ has written many arttctes and ls an expert still photographer. Both she and her M1sband have· worked in numnrous countries with Mr. Robert Marx during the past 10 years. • I

Cumntly she.· is employeed as an underwater archaeologist 'for·the-:Muse\JI\ -1Jf Arci'(aeology in Belem, Portugal. _ _ __ _ ·-

CAI.EN DAR PAG!

Ml~PAGI

•. ~ .. ' . • • 0 • •.• ; . 1 · ' ' : ~ ' . . .. ~ "' . . . ~ . ·.: . . ·"' ~· . ' ' . ~ .

... • , • ' • " 1 ... . . ·.: .: . . .- ··•.

CURB.Icm.ti'H VITAE

Nicholas P. Cushaer

D&te and Place of 5i:th: Dece:ber 6, 1932 Nev York Cit:y

Aeadat:iic Achieve::en:: Ph.D. U~iveliity of London, U~iversit7 C~llese, 1968, Latin America~ Ui1tory

1'•ehinJ Soae:!.&l!.tatien: Social History of Colcmial Latin Ar:e:ica

Cou:ses taught:

Colmlial Latin &:eriea Hode:"D Latin America Hodaru Mexico L!terature and Society in Latin America western Civili:ation Social tffcet_s of Colonization:: Latin Ai:erica a:d the

Philippines Cccpared Li.nd ~ne Society in C~lonial Peru (G:a~.) Spanish A:3e~can Paleography (G:ad.) ;~

iasea~ch s~aci&!!:a:ic~: Social effects of laaG te~ure pBtte~s in cclo~!&l Latin 'America

.Aeac!e:iie 'E:perle?Sce: 1968-1970. Asst. Prof. of' Ristory, Ateneo da ~..a:!l.s tmiversit;, Manila, Philippines

Otber Positions:

1970-1974. Asse. Prof. of 2istory, C~niiius College, Buf!alo, N. Y.

197'-1975. Visi:i~g Re$earch Scholar (vith teach!:;) 1~ ·!!story,. State Uu!.ve:licy of l:ev York lit ou:fa~~

1975~1977. ~5t. Pro!., I::pire State College, $tate Un!versity of New York

''"' 1977-iil~•••ft't· Assoc. Prof., F.::spi~e State Collese (!u!falo); t•:!u:ed 1980

• 1979-Presen~. .NJjuuc~ Professor of Bistor;, Dept. of History, State~Univc:sity of Nev York.at !uffalo

v Nev York State Education Departl:l\lnt, Me:llber of Selection

Coc:iittee for New York Regents Fellovships for Doctoral Study, 1971-

State University of Nev York, Univ~rsity A~ar~s Ccc:ittee, Ch1irp1:sQn for Non-wes:e:n !is:~l')', 1978- Ava=ds/Ronors:

1?i9. _E;;p~;~.~t• Collage (Start) Faculty L$ctureship e Avard for significant scbolarly acbi•veae~ts ,,_

CALENQAR PAGE•

MINUTE PAGE

. 8 3 .,,:;5 23~6

·•

..

19Bl .... t981• Preside:.t of the Ne~ York State Latin Americanises ~">

Me:b•rshi~ in Professional OF$ani:acions:

!'allow of cha Royal Historical So,-:iety • elec:ud, May 13 ,. 1.966'

Conf alf6ce of tad~ American lliscc\:y

t.acin American Scullius Associac:Lo~.

Nn ·~%. Stace i.&ci.;, .~ericanises .(Pn5-:Ldenc, 198l-19S:t)

Gr~cs 1leeeived afce:: 19i6: ~-

197,S. SID."!, Uuiva:siey A~ar~s Prog:-am, $?.SOD fQr resear~h in Quito, ~cuador

1980. And:ev -· Hellen Fou:datiou FellOl.:ship, $1800 for rasaa:cb i: i:icrof il: collection ill Sc. 'Lou;s Un:Lva:s:L;y Vatican Library 1ec~:Lon

1981. stJN'?, Uuive:s:Lt; A~a:-ds Prog:a:,-$3000 for -resear:h in 1.i::ia, Peru

1983. fulbriah; A~ard fer Research in Peru

1983. Nacion.al Endo~-,:ient for the Rui:i.ani::Lts Su::ier Sti~e~~ A~a:d, for res~arcb in Pe:u

Jlo-..!:lic:adons

'BOOKS

JesuieR&nches anc the ARrzrian. De~elo~cent' of .Cclonial Ar2entina 1650-176i. ~

Albmny: Stlh~ Press, 1963. ~·

Ta:: and Yace~rv. The ~esui;s and the Dcvelo~:ent of A«=ariar. Canit•lis::: in Color.1.al Ouico. 1600-li6i. Albany: S~"h'Y Press, 1982.

Lcrc!s of ~he Lind. Su~zr ~ine. anc Jesuit. Estates of Coas:al Peru. 1600-176::. Albany: ·Slih-Y Press. 1980.

t.a:cad '£s:a:es in ~he Colonial Phili~~ines. Nov 'Eaven: Yale Univ. Southeast

CALENDAR PAGE 8 3 • 3 6 2. ·~ ,) 7

MiNUTE P,\GE .iii "" :J

..

J..sim St~u. 1976. c.-:'»

S~in !:i tbe ~_A'!"!,~ni:les. F:cc Ctmci:es: t:o Revolution. !'.anila: At:eneo de ~il.a u:!.~- Press. 19il • ... '

nccii::en'l:S Il.li:n::e:i:£ the B~:ish Concues: o Manila. 1761-li64. London: aay&l Eist:occ:al. Soc:i~cy. 19it.

:t:~i#.t. ,.,~, _£-=4; ~- v~~#.o P/,,d.7re:h· ~1~ff3 Selec:: Articles

•s~ Ho:-.al.ity u.c! lleproduc:t:icn:~. on Jesuit Haciendas in Colot:ia~ Peru." ~c: A:arlc:an l!:i.st:orlc:al Revie'!!,_ May, l9i6, l7i-99.

"HeySl;!)C: 'Ibe Fcr.udou and Society Uf ects of a Landed Estate in the Co~onial ~ina.~ ... .Jc.rrnal of As'i&n Historv • .July, l9i3, 30-53.

"Harchmts aud Hissicmartu," llisnanie Amerlc:an Historical Revie1:. August, 1967, 360-69.

Si:cce 1971 l 'have beec. ~ r~gular re~iever for tb,e Bis~anic Ame=ic:an Eisto~­i::a! Jtev!.ev. the Journal of Asian St.uciie:!I, and revievs of ld.ne have also·ap­pured. in th• Ti::es I;i:e::ar: s~olei:ierit<London). Bulle~it: of l!isoar.ic Studies. h.di.ce. llistorlcc ~ol. anci Phi.li'!>:i:1e Stu>!it;!_.

11~ - 3" Asl:l.and Ave •• Bu::alo, Ne'"° ·rork 14222 (716) 88~-1453

Office - 564 F:anltlin Sc:eet (£::pi=e State College) JSuffalo, Nev York 14202 (716-886-8020)

"

' ,;

II

CALENDAR P>.CE

MIN~PAGE 23~,8

.e

.. .,

0 :

JEHU·ER Go. MARX

.... Date of 'Birth: 1May1940

Pre,sent Address: 330 Thyme Street. . satellite Beach. Florida ~2937

Tel~:

Jeniier 6. Marx is a historical writer and ~he wi.f e and associate of Robert Marx in his underwater arenaeology projects. A graduate of Haant Holyoke College with a B.A. in 1961, she also studied at the Unh'ersity of Florence in Italy. Mrs. Marx was a member Qf the 'first U.S. Peace Corps contingent in the·Philippines. She j;aught in Negi:os Oriental and also worked at the University of the Philippines 1n Manila. tn 1~, she vas appointed volunteer ie.ader and travelled throughout the archipelago as Uaison·bet~n the Peace Cori>s and local gover;nments. She·~ involved in ~blishing the National Peace Corps Training Center

_near Zamboanga on Mindanao. Subsequert!y, Mrs. Marx was associated with the.International Labor Organization. in Africa,. Jamaica and Indonesia. She began diving in the Ph~lippines in 1961 and since 1966 has worked ~

vith Mr. Robert Marx as a diver and archival researcher in Jamaica~ Mexico, Indonesia. the B!hamas. ,Florida, Brazil. Panama, France, Portugal. England, . Ireland, tanada and itte caribbean. Mrs. Marx is the author of several books' and 111111 articles on topics ranging from the histoey Of ·gold to maritime and colonial history.

,,_ CALENDAR PACE

MINUTE PAGE

JENU·ER G. MARX

... Date AJf Birth: 1 May 1940

Present Add'"eSs: 330 Thyme Street, Satellite Beach. Florid~ 32937

Telephone: ~ sos-m-2061

Je:1ifer a. Marx !ls a historical writer and the wife and associate of Robert Marx in his underwater a.ri:ilaeology projects. ·A. graduate of M~unt ~!yoke\ College with a B.A. in 1961, sh~ also studi'ed.at the University of Florence in Italy. ·Hrs. Marx ~as a member, of the first U.S. Peace Corps contingent in the Philippines. She taught in Negros Oriental and also worked ~t the University of the Philippines in Manila. In 1962, she was appointed volunteer leader and travelled throughout the archipelago as liaison bet'!een the Peace Cor"Ps and local governments. She was involved in establishing the Nati~n~l Peace.Corp~ Training Center

~near Zamboanga on Mindanao. $ubsequently, Mrs. Matx was associated with the.International Labor Organization in Africa. Jamai~a and .Indonesia. She began diving in the PhilJppines in 1961 and since 1966 has worked

<,;

with Mr. Robert Marx as a diver and archival researcher in Jamaica, Mexico, Indonesia, the Bahamas, Florida, Brazil, Panama, France, Portugal,_England,

....... . --Ireland, Canada and the Caribbean. Mrs. Marx is the author of sever.al books and many articles on topics runging fra&1 th~' history of gold to maritime and color;tal history.

CALENDAR PACE

MINUTE PACE

I.Aft:U. SPOONER

Address: Churcll Cottage, St. Clement Cornwall, England TRI ISZ

•.. .p

Citizenship: British

ACADEMIC OUALIFICATIONS

1964 - 1966 Di~ in Estate Management and Surveying. 1969 ° 1971 Bachelor's Degree ln Architecture. 1980 - 1981 Post-Graduate Diploma 'in Har,itime Archaeology, with·d!stinctio~.

' -

QUALIFICATIONS RELEVANT TO MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY

1961 Sc~ba Diving NQ~/CMAS 2 Star. Australian Cave Diving Federation Class 2. HSE (British Government) Part 4 (Cormierical) Diving Management certificate. Re-compression Chamber Operator's Certificate. Royal Institute CJ'!i.artered Survey, Royal' Institute of British Architecture. professional exemptions •

.. COURSES ATTENDED

1957

1963

-1964 1966.

1977

1978

Surrey Archaeological Society. · Archaeol~ical Appreciation and Field Techniques. Ctrencester Swimer Archaeological School (six weeks excavation of a 5axon site)~ Prehistoric Archaeology Field School, Wanninistcr. Voluntary Servicft-'Overseas Farnham Castle Management for Oversea's Professional Appointees. Young Men's Christian ~soctation of New Zealand Management and Financial Courses. P.A. New Enterpris~ Course. OXFAM Resource ~.anagement. Personnel Managanent and Financial Management Courses.

PROFESSIONAL ActIVITIES IH MA~ITIHE ARtHAEOLOGY

1. COalllitee member and Projects Officer for Hautt.cal Archaeology ~ciety of Brttairi•

2. Commitee Rlelber and representative fraa YictOl'ia, .Australia ·for ~stralian _ ' lnsttttite of Maritime Archaeology. ·~. . " · ' , , -

3. West of Englan_d Maritime Museum. .:! _ '

"\' ' '

CALENDAR PACE

MINUTEPAGf

83.39

- 2 -

:.PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS IN MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY-

1. ~some Notes on an Old Topic ••• Boat and Ship Building Methods of the Far East" Indonesia Journal; Spooner, 1975.

2. "A Report of' the 1980 Exca....::tion of 'The Hadda' Wrecksite in· the tioutman Abrolhos~ (Directed by I. Spoor.er.and L. Vickery) Spooner and Vickery; AIMA Bullatin Nil. 4.

~- "Classical Mediterranean Shipbuilding" Western Australian,Museum Public~tions, 1980.

4. ~Field Conservation for Remote Wrecksites" · Spooner, 'AIMA 'Bulletin No. 5. ,

5. •The WJlliam Salthouse - A Preliminary Report" AIMA Bulletin No. ·6. -

6 ... 11The .William Salthouse11 (D~rected bs,t I. Spooner, State MaritiWe Archaeologist, Victoria, Australia) Spooner, Staniforth aJld Vrickery; AIMA Bulle~in (in preparation).

7. "The Underwater. Cultural_Heritage11, I. Spooner, 1983.

PAPERS PRESENTED AT MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONFERENCES

1.. University of Western Australia, 1980; Boatbuilding Technology in the Far East and in the European Branz~ Age Period: a compari~on.

2. Dartington Confe~~nce on Maritime Archaeology 1982: A M.aritime Museum for the South-West.

3~ British Nautical Archaeol~g~ Symposiilm 1982: Latest Developments in ~ Mariti~~-Archaeology in Australia.

~ . 4. The Maritime, Heritage: OCEANS 19~3, Australia CN~A.S. Conference). 5. Nautical Archaeology So~i~ty Conference· 1984: Government Participatian

and Support for Maritime· Archaeology.

RESEARCH IN MARITIME ARCHA~OLOGY AND ~ARI!IME HISTORY

1. Survey and recording of Tham~s Barge building yan;s and barge hulk~,, Yantl'et Creek, Essex.. 1957. ·

2. Restoration of traditi9nal Thames one-design yacht. 1958. 3. Voyages-with Tristan Jones (Royal Geographical So~iety). assistant with

his researches ioto-early Celtic Seafaring. 1962 • .,:

CALENDAR PACE

MINUTE PACE

... /~.

- 3 -

4. Study of West African ship and boat building techniques and underwater' search' for Genn~n submarine in the Gambia River. 1966-1968.

~- Study of Indonesia~ ship and boat building techniqu~s from prehi~toric times to the present day 'insluding building, a tradi~~onal Bugis Pinisi and the restoration, and rec!'ording of an Indonesian Sekoci for the western Australian Maritime Museum. 1971-1981. -

GQ Organization with local government authorities and in collaboration with the Nattc;mal Mart;i!J>e Museum of a program for the re~c_>rding of sites-1.of archa~lagir.al fr:~t:_'Jst in the inter-tidal zone ar.ound Britain'~· coast. 1983-1984. ·_.. . .

0RESEARCH IN TERRESTRIAL_ARCHAEOLOGY'

1. ~uryey and recording of unidentifie<t stone circles in The GamtJia! 1966-1968 .• 2. Exp~ition to ··the Tassi 1 i and Ahaggar r~ions of the Sahara for' a

photographic study of the cave paintings and iri the search for the reniai"ing cedar ~rees (subsequently discovered)·. 1968. ·

3. _Salamis, 'Cypr.us: Investigation of the remains of the city .land si.~e in the shallow waters offshore. 1969. ·

4. Kyreni~, Cyprus: Obser,1ation of the excavation of the 400 B.C. ship~reck site. 1969.

5. Investigation of several prehistoric Denso•~ sites in Eastern Indonesia. Location of several previously unknown Hindu_sites .in the eastern islan~s~ ColleCtion of ethno-archaeological material and the establishment of a· ._.

_ Museum in Timer and' a mtiseum collection in the ~sland of Rote. 1971-198Z.

-1>IRECTION OF MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPEOITIOHS

1. The Hadda, Houtman Abrolhos. An e~pedition to locate, t:.i<cavate and, re~ord the remains of a 19th ce~tury ship. 1980.

2. The Sto .Anthony, Cornwall (continuing); survey and excavation of a '1527 wreck ·of a Portugues~ carrach owned by the King .of Portµgal. 198.L ~

3. The Schiedqm, Cqrnw-all (continuing); survey and· excavation of a 1676 ship,wreck of a Dutch fly-boat captured by t~e.British· at Tanger. 1981.

4. The Cootaf?Undra Shoal's Survey, Arafura Sca-Timor. Deputy leader and, ,chief dlyer of a major expedition to the Ti~or Se~ to invest~gate prehistoric an~ geomorphological surveys. Britts~ Sub0 Aqua Club ~pedi,tion A~ard. Diving to 60 met~rs. Patron, His Royal Higtmess, Prtnc;e Charles. 1982!

••• /4

CAUNDARPAGE 1f3~:U-2 40_.2 MINlJl'.E PACE _ W -

.. 4 -

5. The Loch Ard, Victoria, Austrctfia. R~scue and recording of artifacts from the exposed site of an i871 wrecksite. 1983 •

.-6. The Wil uam.,Salthouse, Victoria'; Australia. A m~jor excavation Qf the first di'rect cargo shipment from.Canada to Australi'a,. wrecked in 1841. 1983. r•

1 •. The t'Vl~~en~~art, North Sea, Holland (in progres.s). Excavating the wrecksite· of ·.an 18th century outw~rd bound East ·1ndiaman. 1964.

8. Engaged in excavating various wrecks of· many nationalities ·in the Goodwin Sartds~area of the English Channel. 1984 to present.

MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONSULTATIO~

Devon Education AUthortty. Maritime archaeology tl~ght in secondary schools in England, for the years 1984/85/86. - .

'ii

·- . ...

,.

.~

~l.ENOAU PAGI

MINUTE PAGE

-a:3,. 42

14.9 .. 3

MARK H. WULF

19§·1y1er. Apt. 17 ::: . Cap~ Canave~al, Florida 32920

DatJ:·of ·etrth: '3uly, 30, 1953, Bay shore, Long Is·l~nd, New York USA

EDUCAt.ION U.S. Navy £ngineman Class A, Great Lakes, Illinois 1911. u.s. Navy Deep Se~ Diving School, Key West, Florida 1972. Correspondence Courses in Oceanography, Advance Salvage and Deep Diving Techniques 1973·· 1974. . . '~CA Management Seminar November 1979.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1971 G 1975 Spent four years active duty in the United States .Navy,

honorably discharged. Primary duties as a diver ·aboard a submarine t~oder eng~ged in underwater mainten~nce an~ and· repairs art nuclear powered submarines; ~lso.· the operation an~ maintenance of a· 55 foot div.ing support bQat.

1975 - 1976 Worked on various short tenn jobs such .as diving~ marip~ m~c~anic work and commercial fishing. Co!"nPany nameS,~ng locations furnished upon request.

1976' - 1981 RCA.Atlantic Undersea Testing and E¥aluation ~enter, Andros Islands, Bahamas. Position was ·Diving Superintendent hi complet~ charg~ of eight divers with responsibil itle,s whi.ch included equip~.ent inventory, research and planning for all diving operations from, start to finish; a recompression chamber with crew avai'lable 24 hours; also the setting up of both 'training and maintenance programs, semi .annual employee evaluations, and an,nual budgeting for material~ ·lnd operating cost. Diving work consisted· of inspection, ma·~ntenance. installaticn. and repair of all underwat~r equipment - i.e. electronfc arrays, offshore towers9 cable laying,. research and development projects,, recompressio~ snamber operations. and maintaini11g a fleet of ·range support v~ssels ranging in size frqni 30 to 200 feet.

CALENDAR PAGE

M1~UTEP~~~

.. •• /2

8 3~ 4j -

2-404

1981 - 1985 ·f'!aster diver for Circle Bar Salva·ge C~~ny, a Florida ·based finn engaged.in the discover,y and·e~cavation of 1old shipwrecks in Florida and the Bahamas. Also !experienced in operatiqn of sonar, magnetometers and ibtl'!er detection equip~nt.. I also. have a United States t?cast Guard .100 .t9n Oceari Captain's license.

1986 ~~Y most r~ent diving experience has been as a civHian c!ontract diver employed by· th.a National Aeronautics an°d Space Mninistration (NASAl·of the United-States to ':.ecover·'wreckagQ· from t~e Challenger space shuttJe ~Jisa~~r.

SU?o'MARY I have twelve years diversif~ed w.arine construction experience including c(!rllfler!cal di~'.ing, rigging, weldi~g, cutting and masonary and carpentry· work, diesel n\ecnanics, heavy equipment op.eration and hi'gh" seas operat·ions as both a seaman and; ship captain. ,During ihis same period -I participated: in numerous conmercial salvase.'O.~~ra~ions .sucri" as raising, rmodern fishing·!. vessels. During the past f i v.S.·}ears my work has been in·the field of underwater-arc;haeology and conmertcal salvagir.g. ~~

LETTERS OF CmM~NDATION AND APPRECIATION FROM MAJOR COMPANIES AND THE -UNITED STATES sn\vERNMSIT FOR DIVING OPERATIONS,AND LIF£ SAVING ACTS, - -.~, ,, . ' \\ . ' - -

f'.JB!!lSHED UPON R~QUEST.

83-44 Cl\U:NDAR PACE

MtNUT£ PAGE :-2 4.0 5

' .. . ,.

Age: 46

~ames E. Hill. Jr. has been: a. diving sut,1ervtsor wittl the John w. ~com t~any in Florida and the Bahamas since: AprH of 1983. !n th~s tapacity.

· Mr. Hi'll has-worked under the dtreetion pf ~- Robert Marx ~uring 1983 through ·1985 searching for specific sunkun ships. Prior to his employment ~ith the Heconl' Company, Mr. ·HiH worket! for McDermott International as a supervisor on a barge.offshora the BraziHan coast laying pipelines. Prior to this, he was the re~d diver and supervisor on McDermott J~~-~ Barge 11 for Ocean Systems Do ~razi'l out ~1f Rio. de Janeiro! In this capacity. he supervised ~nd inspected underwater pipeline construction. Mr. Hlll has also been employ_ed supervising bounce and saturation dives

. of up to 1,000 feet for drillin~ support. ·He has a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the Un1versity·of Texas. He has also attended the School of Drilling Practices at tlie Ur1iversity of Southern Louisfana. - and taken courses. in unden1ater photography. at the Bropks Institute in Santa Barbara, .California, ~nd commercial diving at the Conmercial Diving Center in Wilmin~on~ California. ~· ,;,.,

. CALENDAR PACE

MINUTEP~CE 2406

.. i

Or. Harold e. Edgert~n---•-_...; ___________ ..._;,_~--

In one way or another, the inventions of Or.' Harold E. Edgerton touch our lives dally. His perfection of the stroboscope in 1930 produced ultra·h•g!l soeed phot(>graphy; today. the strobe and his other discoveri~s are ind1spe~'able in many area~ of sc;i;nce. medicine. and industry.

Since 1936. awards and citations have recognized his uniQue talents and eagerness to share his di~overies with colleagues and thousands of students ·if M~usetts Institute of Technology where he, taught for more than· fifty years. Now MIT Professor Emeriws. Or. Edgerton continues to shape the live$ ~* !':t~Pr yr:: .. :: <:fl 1rlPn!'"

''Childhood interest and eicperience "on the job" in an electrical plant in his hometown. Au."Ora. Nebraska. preceded, Or. Edgerton's studies at the Universitv of Nebraska and MIT. His arrival in 1926'as a gr::duate student presaged a new era in eiectrieal engineering research.

In the 1930s, his strobe was adapted for nighttime reconnaissance by the U.S. Air Force. enabling round-the-clock air photo surveillance of enemy forces in Wedd War II. later. Or • .ECtgerton and his two former students. Kenneth Germeshausen and Herbert E. Grier. developed equipment to film nuclear ~J:JUrimisnts. ThiS partnershii:Twas the.!cretunnei ot-£.G&G'. -- -

Or. Edgerton's pioneermg researCh produr:ed outstanding achievements -~ in the development of underwat9t earneias. lrgnts. ana special sonars. He and Jacques-Yves Cousteau collaboratecfon unmit:ined deep·sea'cameras which were used in seari:hes for the Loch NttSs monstel' and the bi:.Ctleship Monitor.' two 3dvtnturfts 1n wnich .. Doc .. was involved. The 'seoraffor tt11: Mv111i(1r was the subject of a feature article in the Januury 1975 issue of N;wonal Geograpn1c.

Whil~ h:. genius continues to break harriers in research. Or. Edgerton 91th~rs ntiW friends anc;t colleagues in the divemt:1e1ds:cf oeeanography. nautical arc:haeolc.yy. and·art.

. .;.

..

''

I

' CAU:NOt,R PACI

MlNUTEPACi

im 8·3 ... 46 1.,407.

APPENDIX C

1o·septilmb•r 1985

Mro ·aobarc-· Marx~ Dirac tor Pbcen~cian ~plorations 330.Thyili• Straec Sac~lit• Beach~ Florida 32937

Dear Bab. Enclosed is our renewed proposal, as per your request.

'Ihe price of this proposal is significantly higher than quoted in o~r previous, proposal. Only a ~11 ,art of this ;ncrease is due .to salarv ~~ changes and other :~i\~al cost chan!les. We all felt we wanted .to increase our lev~l of effort in dev~lopmen~ work and ;esting to build a mu~h bet~er inStru~enc and do the best pgssible job we c~n. Technically what we pro­pose. to, do is verv difficult apd we feel we should devote excr2 ef.fort to

the task. Actual testing.on site in· the Bahamas has not b~en included as· p~rt of this present proposal; \1e SUStgest that you or on~ cf Y~.ur a.ssociates 1oin u~here in Merila Park during our final testing before.deliverv. We also suggest that a f oilow-on contract wo~ld be appropriate in order to permit tvo member~ of our staff to accompany you duri~g your nl!Xt season's, work, to gain experience .in the ~se of this instru~ent. This will h~lp· us· to build improved-models and to a~o l~ter refinements inc~easing the .utility and· ~ost-eff~c:tiv~ness of the in!S~rument. We beHeve this wil<l make it a 1ftarketabl~ ie2m others will wish to purchase and use for thei~ .;;:

own.appli~tions. -We '&ready appreciate your. interes; ·and are anxious co do a .~ood job for you.

?1'C.erelv,

--..... ,--- C°'. r. , • ·-''"'='"\ ~"°""' l 1.:f ~~·'tk~~ .;

'Lallb'tin Doli>hin V Assiscanc Director .aadi~ Physics Laboratory

pdy

~closure

SRI. International • • • .. •••••• ••• -": ;..... • ......... :-••••• - ;. Q.:1!:·.: • ~ ·~ ::_..· .. '··"··· . . .... . ....

•

...

" '"\' . ,.·' .-. : ': .. ·1' "~ ... .. " ~ ... . . .. . ' - ...... ·.

• • • I _,, o ' ., ...; ~' ~ e :~ ' '

• 10 Sept~~ 1985

Phoenician Explorations 330 1.'hyM Straet Sacellite B~ch. Florida 329~7

At:n: Robert F. Marx. Dir~ctor

Re: SRi, International Proposal for Research No. ESC 85-179 "SENSITivE METAL DETECTOR FOR J.()~A~ING DEE?LY BURIED ~FACTS''

Dear Mr. Marx: ......

In December of 1983 you e%plained to me in a te.lephane .~onversadon the. practical problems frequently encountered in galleon salvage operacions in the Bahamas. You i~icated that wrecks were frequently scattered over large areas. and that sand depth over the •it~s .co~.ild be as, much as 20 to 25 ft. Ye discussed va~ious· metal-locator schemej' and their limitationa at that tJ.me and-ag~eed on the various equipment now available. Your letter of reminder of 10 July 1984 stimulated us to iook at both current aad innovaciv~ equipment design to see if w~ coul4 make -a- major improv~nt it;i locating undervat.er small. nonmagnetic -•tal objects (bars. silver. bronze. and the ~ike) • .::-

In f!l'J leti:er of 17 July 1984_. I mentioned that Bill Ectson· and Roger Vickers. both of our ~aboratory0 tec~amaended a ~arge hori:oncal loop ~o· increase the depth of deteecion c.pability of a metal detector. As you know, most metal ~etectors are intend~a for coi-n-shooting on l~nd or in ~ .shallow 'Water. The markec is competitive: the price must be kept -de>tin, and the units need ·co be light weight and,easy to use •. The search coil diameter 18 usually 8 to 12 in.• and the p0wer output is a fev w~~ts• · -,. fe.i "large coil (approximately"3•fc diamece~). de~p. searc!l" detectors-have been manufactured. but aa you pointed 1ri our first telephone conversacion. no Ont! has been· able to. achieve' more than: 6 CO' 8 ft of useful penetration. (For ixample. the "Gemini II DeeP..Search" metal detector by Fisher Resea~ Laboratory has an advertised ~itivity· of 3 ft for a jar of coins. S ft f~r a one-inch diame~er pi~e. 10 ft for a l~rge tP-tal cht:s~. and 20 ft for a "mn~ral dep~s1;.") 'f11~ se~ii:~vity o~ a l~p-type 1111tal de~ecto~ decreases inversely •• the s~~th power of the d1staftce fr~ the coil; this nieans chat d~ubling the· disca~ce from' the coil. decreases th~ instrument sensitivity· by a factor of 64. ~ In~re&S~~g ihe transSitted pO..er in a· given sys~es is thus not nearly ~s

SRI International :is:JAa'4trswOoc1A~. • JMnioPartc.CA9C025 • ·41!1-~ •TWX 910-373-2o.i6• T.eier 334486 .,-F~ <i15 326-~1~

' CUEN OAR fACE

MINUTE PAC~E~· _ _!!~~=

-

helpful u ~crca~iN , t.t loo-p ~net~r. and ·this is. ·vhy ve sulact\~&e• coll sue C'f 25 ·~o ${i 4 1B diameter., 'No ·Utter hO'Ji much ve 'increas•1

Ch• ;,over or are dever vitb our use .of cifcuitry .. ve shall not in practice succeed in locating small 01:1ject:.1 buried 20 to 25 ft in san• vit!WUt a large co~l:. ~, ·

.\ave esplaf.na' in our proposal,, sU ~oposal '!SC 84-197. to yot last year. a ·&Ood S&maaZ'7 a~yeie O)f •t.al detectot:s, i'3dars, seism -•ouixlers. 9ssnetcme.ter•. ~sistivit~ 1111chod•• and e!ectroaagrietic detectors bU bea vrttcen bf .J. Jef ~rq van Ee of. the 4d••nc;~d "°"1~orin& SJ•C ... D1Y1s1oa, Enviro~~ncal Monitoring Sysce .. L&boJ:"•COZ'J', 'Lila Ves&S, lf..,ada. u P~ltt of their 198~ g~vernment scudy ~pliysical 'fcc:bftiquu for Seuiqlluried Uutea ~Waste Kigraeior. Ti.ir reeenc stucf1 of the lJ.111tac1of~ of 11iietal.....Setectors fS vell as ocher MCbods is in subscantial agrjanent Wiih our own experience, an your6 ..

My collogues Bill Edson, 'Rog~~ Vickers, and I have had S!!Vel:'al ·IO~' diseussions to compl-.nt the '.uthetaetical analysia Joseph Moisni did for ua a year .ago ~ec~ing 1coil configurati'ons an~ caleulatin;~ the sensitivity of a large, ho1·1:0~1tal-loop .. cal detector., One · ad•antage in vorking in ... water ~· that no1•e signals from the surf v111 1:10t be detect~ by the syscea:r and thus a veiy sensitive ~~ceive uy be WJed.- A large loop also• c:O;weioa -.sch area per ~as, lessening Ci• req~red to search f larg1~, :v~~Ck •ite. Though very larse. the l• can be lf.ghcveight and designcu fqr ease.of to;ring fros a ·hydrodyna•i• poiac of ~ev. ~e al~· suggested ~ad still :ecaamend equipping.::he systea ~Ch a ~11 ~-J>i:to.-firuU.nfr sonar .so Cha~ the detector unit ,ca1 ~ "flown" a fw feet above cha ~~~· floor ..

Our c:alcolationa iadicate that ve- can expect a detector with a 20-ft co11 d1&1Mter to be capabl~ of detecCif!I a single gold bar at a depch of 20 tu 2' ft. Origi~~lly. ve thoughc in te?:'llS of one

•.

tr.uaittinl coil and a larga duiiber of receiving coils. but further analysis ·has shown us chat ·we cai~ do just as vell with a fev coils. . ... Solid•state ~mponents nor all011·us to build a very sensitive and very -ssa.11 receiver. and we suggeac •' moderately high-powered translllitter (several kilwaccs), which is ai·ao new readily available.

Ve vould like co hereby reri.ew lase year'• propoaal iil response to your phone call on 28 August. q1ur basic; technical appro•.!=h has not substantially changed .~~nee la•l! year'• proposal, •o we fee! ve stand good chanee of being ab1e to dc:Liver a working l:erge-scale. very ~iei•• metal detector:!n t19e for y~~r sumiier 1986 dtving S.ason, prori49d ve ~ sean vodt in i:J-.e n~xc 30 i:o _ 60 days. As before·.- ve propose to build a development~l llOdel of the .detector for oceari testi (l~J) for desigla opti111zatio~~ After testing. ve.w~uld th~n be. ;~spared to build··~ 110re run•CI. duT:able version, incorp_orating cbange1 that pnwe to· i,, delirabl.e U i~ i-esult of the tescinR• ~cause, Che ,. 1uc~ will foUO'f a entt:tely nOf ded&ll. our rescarc;h .peol(reu will ~"kept propnet•:Y•

~

•

.I

" .1· . ' ...

; ..• "

2 . ' ~ .

CAllNOAR FACE

MINUTE PAGE 2410

· Ve propoae ~ a besc••etf~rt basis ·to design .and c:onseruct a vorkini:t model of Che nev detector sys~eta eight (8) .Onths after the starr of vo:k. The S?~teia'would include the foll9'1in~:

(l)

(2)

Towable, lsYdrcdynaaic:ally designed cqil paekage, pressu~e desipd and t1aterproof~9fiuipped with built-:1.13 sonar depth finder ~ gu:Lde fins.. Aj>proxiute: diueter 25 ft• Supporcing elec~ronics aiid paver supp~y incl~dinc.senera~or. cr~tter. m;~-.ei•er arid displq unit vith both real-ti• and· recorded data c:Olloction. (Variou9 data collecti~n·sche .. •· are ?O••ibl~) ..

(3) All aecea••l:Y cable9 rbardvare. and th$ like.

(4) Detailed operating ..nual.

Tb& cbje~ti•e would be to produce sensitivity which would allow . decectioa of a .. cal objecc preaentinl. a cross-section of appro~matel.y

ten (10) square inches at depths of 20 to 15 ft. · ·

..

-~ual testi=I on site in the Bahasas· has not ~~n included ~ part of thif pi-esent ef~on; we suuei't thst you or one of your usociaces ~-;. join us here in Menlo Park during our final teist!-:is before delivery.

Total cost of the work is outlined vill be $l95,000. Our develo~ am builaing of the proposed deeecci~S systa v111 require an 1-ediate. expenditure of fu¢s. and it 11 out gso~·icy on this type'' of cailllerc~ CO?ltrac:t to receiYe· an advance. pa}'JIC~t before co11111encipg woi:k aad a teei:«r cf credic ~or the balance. A. dOlm payment of $100;000. (plus a lct~,e.r Of credi't for the balance) accompanying one COpY Of the· cnclond •i~)ld' .;rftwiienc is all ·ve nee:d to commence work on chis. pr@ject. ~-- second copy of the agreement 15 for yo~ re~ord •

.tec:auae of cbe experi.encal aacure of this develoP..nt work. SRI c:ant~t suarantu that ,,. will tie'-;.iuc:cesdul in producing • detector that vii~ ... t your sf>edf icationa. Therefore. ve will enly do the work on. a 'bear ,~fores. ·basis ..

T~ ~scuss cechtdcal llatters. specifications. and t~•~ and ~eli~ery •chttdul~ please. ~~ac;t 11e at (415) 859-4868. Questions concerninc contractual 111ac:cer• iiey· be addreased to Barbara ca.pb at (~lS) ·859-4328. ~ pro'°ul .. pricad r11JUins in effect until 3l Dece•'ber 1985'• ., Pl~ue ·c:Oatac'I:'. -• ·~ .ald ~C\t wish a extensio~

3

83.50 CAUNDAR PA~E

MINW P#'\GE_ . 2.!l 11

!. . . • •

!:lr • • JDhaml bpe~ ?.and Harchanc hnk 'Led. H&rsbali ~lace 66 K.rshall. Scraec Joba:Mitj~r1 SouchrA!i:ica

Mr. llorau Shore Cap-Haa 14.ld. ted . c/o·Quardian Capiw Group Li111ted 48. Tens• ·~·: 'forcmcc-. Ont.(no MS! 1B3

K=. !tun Babeu Val.lace 1588 Vubrock Crescent vailcou,,.r Jritiah Coluabli V6T lVs

Mr. Ueh;f~d locnycas~! Cbd:un ~~sh InTutiug Li:d. 3~· ·Jov "all.e7 Sqaua ~ 20.5 - F1:fda AT~ s.v. Calpry. Albe~& nP 2V1

-· ·Gai:ncl':. Vatchon bacud.ft Vica ... huidenc Cneadiah tmrestiq ~d. tbo·Cond.nsnt&l ~auk lui.-lcliug hit•· 2%10· 130 Adelaide Street ~est Toi:o~co. Onurio MSB 3?S ..

Hr. C.H. Soloway Soloway aud-V~:ide 401 lay Straet: Sui:. 2112 To~o~co, Olitario

Mr. I.ouis P. klly,, Presidene !orpac s&rvicc ~e.y ·170 Muon ·scree: ~ 781 v GreellW1.ch._ Comwcd.cnt U.S.A. 06830

·tilr• It • .t. Lavrence President ju:U; t-rr tai~·~ 1 ?'ir.at-Canadian !l.&ca kiiia .Sooo, P .o~ sex 150 -Toronto, Oatario HSX !al

--

CAlE,~DAR PAGE

~l,N~P,,CE _

-. " .. ,. ;f <'.

•

..

• ~··

t=• c.u. ~-ur !'~c.·~ lloldinp 1.:4. 4999 see. ~a.a Scree~ Vest -s.ncs soi. Montreal, Quebec 13% 1"t3

Mr~ Frank lolpb l.'1. lolpb BoldilllS Ltdo 1245 Shflr'lrrooke S~•ec VetSC

Seit• 1060 - Montreal, Quebec B3G 1G2

Hr. Cha~lu •· Loewen ~n, Orsdaacje, 'ric:cu:c:beon & ~mpany.· Lccl. 7 Xi.21 Strnc Jtut _ 2.Dth _noo~ ttor=to, .~-:to ~c l:A2

~. lllchard !!. 1.,.Y 1••1 £- Dc!*l.ar 2100. 380 Vallin~o~ Streec tohdoa, Onuno 1l6A S!S

·'!tr. ,v.u,. Siebens PresideK Ca:Ddc;~ Iimtst.anu· Lu. 3Dq - Three Ca,llart Place 35, ~ 4:h AY&UUC S.V. Cali&rj~ Alben& t2P OJl

~· ~uid. Lindsay P.O. Sos 227 Vadarbij1park, 1900 %r&Dnaa1 SoUtlt .Afnca

ti:• Christoff er !l&esa Clo Ar= Jl&ess (tJ.L) 1.Uiited '4 laker Strecc London VlH 1Jli.. ~;tlµM -

!tl.af1 and ~ana Qu.Uha 130 U.c 19th Avenue Jfeu- York, Nev York .U.S.A. 10021

CJ\l:::.lDA:? PAGE 8 3 : 5 2 MIN\JTE P,'ICE 2 4 1 3 -

MO CALENDAR PAGE -as 5J

APPENDIX B

ROBERT F. MARx·

Date of Birth: s Decemer ,1936·, Pittsburgh, PeMsylvanta· usA

Present Address: . ~~

330 Thyme S~reet ·satel 1 ite Be~cta. Florida 32937

Telephone: 30s-m~20&1

EDUCATION

Los Angeles City College. June 1951 - September 1953; Septelllbt!r 1956~ F~bri.aary 1957 (evening ~lasses}. University of Maryland estensio~ courses (during military service) December 1953 - June 1956 with ·go undergraduate credit ho11.rs in total,. ~jor: Anthropology and Archaeology

FIELDS OF SPECIALIZATION .... Marine Archaeology, with par-ticular reference to the Spanish colonial · period tn 1:he· Caribbean. . . ·~ ~aval & Marttf~ ht.story, wjth particular reference to SJ)antsb martti"' ,., trade - ·1500 - 1800... ·

MILITARY SERVICE

US Marine·,corps 1953-56 • In charge of USMC marine salvage operations, East Coast, U.S. 1953-55 • • Di.rector ·of USMC Diving School. Vieques, Puerto· Ricco 1955~56 (training

of over 5,000 marines in use of scub~ diving and o:s use in 'amphibious, warfare). __.

• Honorable' Discharge Septeir.:Jer 1956; USMC Reserves !inactive) 1953-62.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EXPLORATIONS & RECOVERIES

1. Location of several Civil War blockade runners and· recovery of artifacts, under auspices of J'4orth·Carclina· Develc~nt Board, 1953-54. . .

2. Location of Civil War ironclad, USS Mont'tgr, Cape, Hatteras,. :ff~C .. , '1955~

3. Location of .a: number of Spanish and English wrec!t si~es from per.JOd 1650-1800·, Puerto .• Rico and Virgin- Islands9 1~55-56.

;

. C~LENDAP. PA~I!

MINUTEP1'\C!E

- '{' "

S-l· 54 241.4

- 2 -

4. Discovery of a nmnber·of previously unknown Mayan tem.ple sites. cenotes. zacbos {ceremonial causeways). and cave tanbs in British :Honduras. Quintana Roe. Isler CoZ!Ilel, Mexico; mapping of Tulum~ Caba. Xelha. and other little known Mayan cities on the· east coast of . Quintana Roo. Isla Cozumel~nd Isla Mujeres, in cooperati<Xfr witn the Mexican Department of Anthropol~gy and.History; first exploration and recovery of .artifacts from:Mayan ceriote at Dzibi.ch~ltun,"under direction of Tµlane University Department of Archaeo~ogy,; Assistant Professor John Goggin, University of FJorida. in excavatiQn of Spani~ colonial sites, Yucatan: February 1957 - September 1959.

• s. Discovery of remains of St>anish galleon. Rtiestra Senora de los·Milaotos

(sunk in 1741); organization of three sen1es o_f excavations on the site,. the last sponsored:by the official Mexican·undervater exploration· society (CEDAM). Which resµJ,ted in the rieo\(ery of;ove:a 200.000 ~rtifacts. Quintana Roo, Mexico. 1957 - 1959.

6. Discovery and identification ~f early Spanish wreck sites: La: Nicolasa. supply ship of Hernan Cortes' exp®itton (sunk in 1526); ar.d-tWo snips -

- bumed and scuttled by Francisco de Montejo {1~26). QUintana Roo, 1957. 7. Exploration of Caribbean-waters off coasts of Central arid South Al'li~rtca.

leeward and Windward Islands and the Bahamas, with location of 'Spanish Ffench, English, Dutch' and Portuguese ~ sites fnia period 1550-1809, 1960.. - -

·a. Underwater survey of sutxnerged R(l'nan·cities Of carteya.~nd BolonJa (southern Spain); location and eX;>loration of wreck sites in Cadiz harbOu~

· and off Tarifa • .Zahara, ~nd Sanlucar de Barr~a. under auspic~s of the ,.., HUseo Provinciat .de Cadi~. Spain, ·1960-62. - ·

9. Participation in archaeological exca~ation, sponsored by the Smithsonian - ~nstituti~n. of 16th centu~y Spanish '1reck site, Be~da, ·~guSt 1963. 10. Organization an9 direct.i~n of ex.Ploratory E!XJ)eGittons to SerTan~~ Saranilla.

Rancador ~~-. Quitasueno lJ~n~s Isla PrOvidencia (western- cartbbeai'i). tihich ~suited in tt}f! ,,ocation ·of-.a number of illlPOrtant Spanish ·:cloni-al wreclt s1~~ and exploration of four of the principal sites. J~pe-July,_ 1963 and' May-November. 1965.. ~

11. Direction of program of mappinfl and excava~ion of the sunken c!ty of fort Royal. undertaken by the: lnstit~:te- of .Jaaica. ·HoV$er 1965. - Ju,,e 1~~ ..

12. :Discovery of two shtpwrecks of ChriStcpber CQllJl!ll>US Wftidl we~ lost tn· Si;. Anne 1s ~y. Jama!c:a. in 1504. Plans are tmderway to ex~vat-e the~e' \lio shipwrecks in'_~e near future •. F.ebr-Uary· 1968. · .

. ,

\ 1: ~'

C\U:NDAR PM;E

MfNurE ~AGE

·I·.

<i-~~~13. • I,

,_ •)

- 3 -

13. Director of Research and Salvage operations fo~ the Real Eight Co. Inc. of Melbourne. Florida. Stifmier·months spent excavating various shipwrecks of a fleet whieh was lost in 1715 off the coast of Flor-ida. The remainder . of each year spen~ lo~ating and salvaging ancient shipwreck~ in, the.­Bahamas. Mexico anti t"olumbi~. June 1968 - January 1971.

14. Archaeological survey on 'ft>me ancient sunken wali$ and,J>µildfngs. off Bimini an~ Andros Island in the Bahamas. August 196~. J~ly ·1971 and :~r 1976.

15. Excavatlor.: of three Civil War blockade rumiel"S off Charleston· and· Sa:J'Uvan Island,, South Carolina. ~anuary - February 1970. · ·

16. Archaeological explorations on ,land.and underwater. at var.taus sites in the Yucatan Peninsula under the auspices of CEDAM of Mexico~ January. AprU and Hay 1971 ~~~ February - March -1976.

17. Exi>!oration for marine arctlaeo1ogical .sites around, nine d1fferent ·Caribllean ISlailds· in Ute Windward.and L~eward lsland1 group under the auspi~e~ of the Minnesota Historical ~iety. February 1971·. ·

18~ Archaeological survey in_t~ke Toluca. ·Mexico for·pre-Col~ian artifacts~ un~ the auspices of CEOAM of Mexico. June 1971. o-:-- ~ 19. Undent&ter exploration for marine archaeological sites on botf} sides of the iSttm.Js of Panama under the auspices of the Panama. lnstitiite.of To,urism. December 1971 -· January 1972. Aj>ril 1973 an~· March· 1975.

20. Participation in exploration aboard the AL~OA· SEAPROBE for ancient deep ·water wrecks off the coast of flor"ida. March ~nd November 1972-.

21. Explor~ti~ for an early 17th century Spanistt., shipwre.ck in 1~00-?0GO .feet of water south of the Dry Tortuga Islands in· the Gu!f of ~xico using . . schir and a TVSS (television search an~ salvage sy$tem). Noveinber 1972:

,~. Explor~ion Of the Little Bahama Bank us!ng vi~~al. soria~ afld Magnetometer· ~sin wtflch.~,total of 21 shipwrecks ~ere di$cove~ed, inclu~ing the H~ra ~ra d(! la M(!ravHla. a. Spanish galleon which sank in 1656! -June - October 1972. ~·

23. Exploration of the ancient Phoenician seaports of .Byblos, Tyr.e and Sidon · in Lebanon at the ·invitation of the Lebar.e~e Dept. of Antiquities. auring whieh survey .for Phoenici'an shipwrecks· dati11g from the Sth.lnd 4th centµries s.c! (one with a cargo of terracotta figurJn~s). two·,Greek shipwreck$ from the 3rd and 2na centuries B.t., two Roman.shipwrecks from the -1st century B.C., ·and a Byzantfoe shipwreck front ttle 6th cetatuey Aop. were all discovered. ~Ungs Of al I cargoes of al;l t~e ~itet;::were coll~ for~- Qepartment of Antiquities. Janut?ty and~·F~ruaey· 1973 · •nd .July. ·1974.

1'

-'

,-

the Uisc;ai.no expedition in t&Jhich he t&Jrote that Uiscai:no had put into Drake 1 s Bay to see if he co_uld f.ind any trace of the San A~ustin and a qua~tity of wax and silks that ·had beeri left on- stto\•e: In this light there may haue been .deliberat~ in~ent on the part of th~ p~rsons hauing a uested interest ~n the s~i~ and- g~ods to keep the true nsture of the loss fr9m b~~oming known to others t.a.sho.. mi~ht at.tempt to saluage the wre·ck."

The fact is that if the sJi:i:p had ·totaii:~ broken up and gone ashore :as some nistoriani and authors belieued. ·there ..Ou~d not haue been any possibili·ty of future salvage operations and euerything would haue been scattered ouer a t&Jide area and couered ouer by shifting' sands. Liket&Jise? Cermeno and ~is peoplce ~uld haut:! been able to obtain 'baldy needed f.ood •uP.?lias and some of her ualuable cargo - Which did not .occur. Rec•nt:ly obtaine_d hi·storical dc;i~uments from the- Spanish Archiues indicate that :the ship a~nk in the g~neral vicinity of ....... anch9ra9e and only some of her upper-uiorks arid d~ck cargo (St;tch as the wax a·rr.i sl.lks·) t&Jere c~,st upon the .shore.

This analya~s. then. as.sumes tnat the main secti:on of the 9an- Agus·tin sank at h•r tnooring. or close to it~ and l~Y-~ ).if;.< '8ters uncter the jur.isd:t.r;tion or the - State of Cali·Fornia ind no; 1n the zop• closer to.shore controlleQ by the N~tional Park-

'

Seruice. '

-~

.,IJ

-10-

?

•

"

CA1ENbAR P~G'

MINUTE ~~GE .

.. ,

--

• ~

' ~

,,

.;:

,;

.Sl -

'I

• • •• FUNDING, PERSONNEb..J8ND :~~PEOI"TION RESEARCH UESSEt,

Phoen±ci~n .Exploration Limi·ted 4:•

Ther-e is still a grecit deal of preliminary 11Jork ·to be dorte befo?•e ~he .~otal cost of thi~ project can be determined. but it is expecf,ad to cost some11Jhere betLtJeen one and three­million dollars ·to first lC?cate arid then c~rry out; a proper under11Jater archaeQlogical excauation of the San Agustin.. If t.r.1oode·n remains are located. which is one .of the maln objectiues of this project, additional funds wi~l also haue to be spent on the proper treitment ~nd preservation ~r ~hese wooderi remains. We could haue ano~her ~Ma~9 Ros~" on our h~nds with ~he §an Agustin and this could result in the construction of ~ m&jor-~useum to display t~e shi~·~ hull and her c~rgo.

..

Phoenician Exploration, b:~dch i~. a Canadi!lJL _ limi~ed partnorship, has been conducting underwater archaoelog~e~l work. for the past eight- yQ.ars·, under the direction of_ Robert F. Marx. They ·haue worked in Noua Scoti&'; Florida. the":.­Bahamas. Brazil, Mauritius Island ill the Indian Ocean and in other areas. Recently, this group has formed another limited partnership ~amed PHoenrcian ~outh Seas for the purpo~e of locating. and excauating Mani·la Galleo.ns in the Phili:ppi·nes and. hopefully, in Dr&ke Is Say. OMe of the ma4n obj_ectives of this group is to obtain enough data to enable ~hem t6 reco~struct an authentic replica of a Manila Galleon and then Uiftdertake a '1oyage in the raplica between Manila and Acap'illco, rwith stqps alon9. the coas·t of California, as part of the 1992 celobration of coiumbus's ioo year· anniuersary of the di~couery of the New World. Phoenic?an South Seas will prouide all of the necessary f~nding~ f'or this .proj·ect. . Attached as Appendix A here is a li:s t of the lirn_i tee p~r~.ners~ af P~oenician Exploration, who are al'so the General Parnters of Rhoenit-.ian Sou.th Seas, as well as a· ·brief resume of some of those inuol:u~d. · · .. ~

It is anticipated that a large number of peop}le will be inuolued in this project. We plan to ·invite archaeologists ~~d divers from the National ParkJSeruice to participate. as w•ll as other s-eholars <from California and eise1.1.1nere. Hopefully. John Foster and one or more assistants will be assigned to the project by the Diu3<sion of Parks ·~nd Recreatio'1. The research phase UJhich is under.11Jay at this time i~s being undertiiken .by Dr. ·Nicholas cushna~ '"and Robert F. Mar_x. After the st1iPL1.1reck has been located Or. Maria-Lusia de Bri tQ Pirineiro Blot wi.11 also join ·the team ~s boEh a histotia~. dr~ft$per-s~n- an'<f· diuer. ~The se11r.:h ·pJ\ase will be .conducted by. ·Robert :.f-. M~rx ~ "

·~ Jt v'

-11-

: C/\UNOAR FAGE

Ml~lJTE PAGE

..

•

with the assistance of Or. Harole 'E. Edger~~n of M.I.T. And .. also personnel of uarious seisrfilgraphic fir~s. The ouera·ll tJ excavation will be conducted under the direction of· Robei::J: F. MarK~ 'Or. ran O. Spoone~ and Or. Je~n-Yues B~ot .will serufl .as ~S:s'+stan4;. ~rchaeolog:i,sts to Robert f. M~rx. Ms. Jenifer G. Marx will serue ~ as artifacts officer. Mr. Marc H. Wulf and Mr. 3ames E. Kill, Jr. wiil serv~ as chief of diving operations. Additional diuers and qualified experts in cleaning and .preservation of' the ~rtifacts recovered will al$O be hired as neede.d.

M- ' During the search phase of the project, a suitable vessel will be charte:l-@d fr<?m the local area. After the shi.P'-"'1reck« has, been located, the research uessel Rio Grande, -which is .~ned by Phoenici•n Expl~rations, will be utilize~~ See ~tt:ach~~d· description and phot~graph of the Rio Grande.

'' JS..EV PERSONNEL

D~tailed resumes of the principal inue~tigators in this proposal are include<! as ~ppendix a. Roberi: F. Marx

Hr. Mar~ has been managing marine ,archeological recoueries since 19~7. including wc>rk on the u.s.s. Monitor the galleon Nuestra Senora de los Milagros.. the •ubmerged Roman cities of cartega and eolonia. the french: Solail Royal. ~nd· Greeft and· Phoencian ues.sels from the 5th and 4th .century a.c.. An a~complished diyer.

_Mr. Marx 1;s wel~ ·equiped to 'lead an expedition' such as thi.J one.

Dr. Jean-Yues B1ot

Dr. £\lot has his Doctorate in un.::terwater archeology from the Sorbonne in Paris ~n- addition ta a Masters degree. i_n anthropology. He has ouer lS years experience as a diuer on archeologic~l sit~s all ouer th~· wo~ld. He ds curre:,ntl-Y- einpl0.yed as ~n archeologist ,for the museum cf Arche~logy in Belem, Portugal. ~-

!k· ·Maria-Luisa de Brito Pinheiro Bl:ot ·~ -- ,.

Or. ·Blot has her doctorate in histor-Y 'from the Uniuersity of coimbr~. Portugal. She is ~n accomp~isfied researcher~ with many years ~f. experience · ~h~cking ·Q~t wreclCs in Europe# India, and :tndone~ia and ~he ·United States. She a):sO dives· and i'S an expert underwater .photographer·. . '

• -1"2~

.... C\UNOAft PACE 8 3 .:5 g -MINUTE P:\CiE 2 4 1 9 _ ~-.. '

• Jenifer G. Marx

•

A diver and t&Jri.ter of many years, Ms. Marx- is the author .aor co-author of several books and art~cles on histor-y and

marine archeoloc/y. p

l:an-0. Spooner: A diver with full archeologi~a:1 training, Mr. Spooner .. obtained a ,post graduate dip19ma t&Jith distinction in

,,. Maritime Arctn:"ology. He is o-, committee.~ . for ·maritime archeology in Britain and Australia, and has _published· several findings.

Mark ;H. Wolf' r

Ouer 12 years experience diving in -marine construction and salvage; beginning as a diver aboard a. silbmarine tender. Mr. Wolf recently performed as a ~ontract diu~r for NASA on the Challenger shuttle recovery team.

~ames E. H~il! Jr.

Mr. Hill has been a. diuer and diving supervisor for many years. His exp~rience includes t&Jork at up to 1,000- foot depths, pipelaying and maintenance w9rk, •nd dr~"Iling· support, as t&Jell as a~cheological diues since 1983.

~

f'

-~-

(. -

.-:_._-

. ;~

,.: ,·

·~

" " '

...

CJ\lENOAR PAGE'

~\IN_UTE PAGE

' 8 3.60 2420 ·~

~

ggscRtPTION_-OF THE RESEARCH UESSEL -- RIO GRAND~ ~ The Rio Grande is a well equipped research uessel for

accomplishing shipwreck ·search and recovery operations. rhe Rio Grande is valued at U.S. $2,000,000 and her replacement cost 1~ mu.ch greater. The ·ues'fitl has an ouerall lengt;(i of 100 feet, weights 61 net tons, has an all aluminum ·hull and is ocean-96in9 certified by the u. s.. Coast Guard. She has four water. tight bulkheads, making her 'e~rly un~inkable. The vessel is powered by three l~t-ge Gene;·al Motors Detroit .diesel

7

•ng°!;;.'1~S, carries 7, 500 gallons of fuel (and can also carry portab~o bladder fuel tanks for long ocean cr~ssings) and cruises at 22 knots. She is fully hydr~ulic pow~red throughout th~ uessel, has two large electri~al generators and is completely air conditiQned for maximum living comfort. At sea, the Rio Grandg is totally self-sufficient with two salt water to fresh water conu..Brsion units which produce l,000 gali9ns of fresh water daily. Her l~r13e ·storage areas. two large deep freezers and r~frigerator enable crews to stay at sea for months at a time. The uessel accommodate$ ten persons co_mfortably, :but. has the capa-city to berth twice that numtier. ~-:.

The Rio Grande'...!. nauigation electronics and other equipment has been duplicated to preuent breakdowns ,.from hindering any operation at sea. Among tRe electronic equipmen~ in the pilot house are:

a Sperry autopilo·t -· Ritchie compass . ___ FuranQ radar wi~h perimeter defense scanner

two Furano satellite navigator~ Micrologic Loran c position indicators Texas Instrument Loran c position indicators

~ Alden Marinefax w~ther .data receiuer ROI Radar watch MOO-Mark II. 1eueri marinQ radio-telephones (including two single • sideband units) - * three fathometers

A hydraulic crane on the aft deck can lift up to fi':Je tons, and al'l anchors a·re powered by hydraulic winches. There is a t\~licopter landing pad ouer the aft de.ck. Two rubber Zodiac; boats in addition to a 20 foot fiberglass Aquasport sk1.ff ~re carried on. deck. The !tl~o Grande can, operate anywhere in tf1e world, is tot'ally self-contained, sea~orthy and ~tropg enough to weather almost any k-ind of aduer$e sea· conditions. ~ith her o~n machine shop and duplicat~d stoc~ of mos~

-1~

. 8-3.61-

equipment and spare parts, the Rio Grande ~an stay at s·~a or•· 011 a site for up to three months, a vita1 f~ctor to be ~onsidere~· when involved in offshore operations.

. All types of diuing equi:pment are carried on board· the Rio Grande, from· .standa.rd Scubs;; gear to the more s'opti'is ticated Kirby-Morgan gear used for deep diuing. Both high and low pressure compressors ~re aboard for shallow and deep diuiriCJ. The uessel is outfitted with two large "blasters" or "prop-washes, H th£. primary- ·tool used in excavating shipwrecks,. _. "Airlift" and "water je.ts," which are also used ~n excavations. are also carried on board. Euen more important is the fact that Mr. Marx has recently developed and pr9duced a portable underwater "blaster" which is hand-held and controlled on the bottom by a diuer. Thi:s -will enable the Joint Venture to excavate at much deeper depths thin the conventional "blast~r•~ which r~quire the vessel to be directly_ouer the shipwrac~. and which can- operate only up to depths of approximatel"y 75 feet. With. ·tt..i.s new -system. the Joint Venture can operate and excavate ~ site at ·all diving depths and also in ue.ry shallow. water su~h as ar.ound dang!!,rous reefs wher~ the Ric>" Gr-ande· canno·t mane~uer.. ~.;.. ·

""'::,•

CALENDAR_ PAC!

MlNUTEPAGE

SEARCH PHASE OF THE PROJECT

During the last and' present cent.uries thousands of vessels of all sizes haue us'ed Drake• s ~ay as an a!'lc~orage. Ouri~g storms when anchors are dragged· and euen in low~ri~g and lifting anchors it is a wel&l ~tablished fact that the remains of old ~unken ships are disturbed .and in some cases destroyed. Hopef'ully, the San A·gustin· is buri~d in one c;>f the deeper ar.eas of' the bay where ther~ is substantially sand co~eri,ng th~ site. to protect her. Yet ~here is the possibility that ~he ~as been ~ damaged or destroye" by the ·dragging anchors or by a later shipwreck ran aground ouer her remai11~. Thµs •. this is another valid reas6n why the San Agustin, which is without a ·doubt. ~he most important shipwrer.k in California waters, should be loc~ted and excavated at ~his ti~e.

One of the most difficult aspects of underwater archaeological work is the actual detection and locating of a shipwreck site. .A good rec.ant examp.le is the 1622 ~pa_nish

i alleon ·ATOCHA which took fifteen years and $16·,.ooo,ooo to oca~e. Ouer the years .f-- haue worked closely ·with many~

scientists and organi2ations trying to overcome this majo~ problem. ~

Problems in Underwater Shipwreck Detectio~

The basic toql used in the loca±ion of shipwreck~ in the Western Hemisphere is the -magnetometer 'WJ'lich has its limitations. The magnetometer will o~detect the pres-ence of ferrous materia1s such as 1ron or steel. In certain instances it will not euen locate material:s made of these metals. In some.· cases whel'.'e large bodies of ferrous metals are in close proximity the diff~rent inch.,.Ji.duals objects may null out the magentic prqperties of one another. It has also been' found that 'soma in~iuidual large ferrous ob:)ects giue nQ magnetic anomalies; when cjinnon or anchors were cast and the metal "'" cooled on a particular polar axis !!ome,thing cau~e~- the obj~ct not to show magnetic properties if thiS" ob;ject lays on the s~a bottom within a 15 degree axis either east or west of the original position the object when, cast. Consequently. cast iron ob1,ects haue one ,chance in twelue of not exhibiting any magnetic properties which can be detected 0by magnetqmeter.

·Contrary to popular belief most ships did not s'ink, but rather wer~ wr·ecked on & lee 5hore or hit upon a reef or_ st,oal in relatively shal~ou.i water. .During the age of sa.\l probabl,.y. less than ~UJo !>ercent of the ships were lost in ·#~ep, ~~ter:

-16-

_, CALENDAR PACE

MINUTEPAG~

•

,.

usually as a result of fires al:;>oard 'or s~a qattles. In most cases, euen when a ship c_apsized at sea. it would drift into shallQw water bef9re breaking up. Deep water shipwre~ks (ouer 100 feet deep) generally haU-e all of their armament and cargo situ~ted in a relatively small ~rea unless tney exploded before sinking. However. rarely .are~l;hese ships sought as· potent;i.al tsargets by archeol,ogists or saluors be.cause the~r 1-ocations are geperal-ly uery ya·~ue in contemp9rary hi_s tori cal docu'mell'ts and the;i.r are a great deal more costly to lci~ate and salvag{!. A gooq example 1$ the· Spanish g~lleon San .Jos._!! which ~_lew ~p in 1.708. and sank in eoo to 2.000 ,feet of water off Cartegena. Co~Qrpbia duri'ng a sea .battle with the British. To Qate, ;,l~rious oceanographic and tr.easure :hunting firms haue spent ouer ·$25 mil.lion in· the search for this rich. target with negative res~lts .•

In most cases the ships struck a shoal or reef and was scattered ouer a wide area. sometimes even over miles. Usually the bottoqJ of the ship contai.ning the ship's ballast woulg stay in the area of the initial ;impact while the seas and currents would carry the remaining p~t of the shi:p to ._.other areas. In. some cases, only a large hole would res.ult from the i;nitial~ impact and the ship would keep movin_g with not only it;s ball~st falling out but also a great deal of its cargo. I ha1,;e seen this latter euent result in a 1733 spjnish galleon ~cattering its remains along a six mile stretch from its original impact area to· its final resting place. resulting in its contents baing $0 badly scatt;ered that most of it was impos~ible tQ locate either bye contemporary or modern day ~alvors,. Hurricanes which occurred even years after a- sh;p was .~recked could- ca1~se a ship,• s contents to be widely scattered.

So now we must go back ~o the magne·-come ter an~ what it can accomplish. On old s~iling ships a sounding lead was always used ;;i·t leas.t once an.:.4

!:>..our so the mariners 011 .tttose old ships ~enerally knew when they were getting into shallow water even if land could not be seen because of darkness or a ·storm. ~ If unable to qear away fr.om sh_9ai water ttie captain would order anchors dropped. and sails taken in to avert a disaster. In many cases, countless: anchors were dropped ~nd wnen they ran out of anchors as the anchor cables sanpped in storms or were cut on reefs. cannon were euen used as anchors. thµ•. in many cases. the final resting place of a shipwreck might no~ ha~~ ~ si'flgle anchor left ()n.:.it and when anchors are located in the general area of a sqdpwr~ck they can be miles from ,the ships loca~ion. Naturally, f·inqing a lost anchor ctoesn 1 t; a"lways· signify a shi,p -was lost in tho area as the sh'?.p .tuhic;h, l9s t 'ttae •h~hor m~y haue man~9~d to escape disa~ter.

-17-

CAlEND.\RflACI a 3. 64 MINUTE PACE ,,;! 2 4_

So thi's leaues us with t;he-·· only remaining target which can be located by a magnetmeter - the cannon. ·o~nerally, the important ships used 1:>ronze cannon Rnd these cannot be found with-=-a lllagnetoroeter, so if the shipwreck does not hauti any :of her anchors still Qn or near her, sty.:t wil~ go undetected unless the cannon can be located u1sual1~. or some other part of her. A good example' is Mel Fisher's 1622 span:!: sh galleon A to cha,. Six of her bronze cannon were located when a salua13e boats anchor was snagged on the bottom and a diuer went .down to free the anchor and s~otted the old ·guns. J'ust two waeks ago, eight yitars &fter the f'i"rst six bronze cannon were found on this wreck, Fisher located still anothar b~onze -cannon over two miles f'rcim the location of the .first six. This was accomplished by· conducting a uisual search f'.rom a ~mall plane and uideotaping the sea floor from an eleua~-on of 500 feet. The .B.E.2S..h..! is a uery good example of the· dffficul ties modern salu.ors face in trying to salvage an old shipwreck which has been widely scattered ouer a large .area aud in which most ·Of her cargo is buried under deep sand. Oespi te th~ wide am ... ~nt of publicity that Fisher has receiued since 1970 wherr he fo~nd a part of the Atocha, to date he has not found the main part of the wreck or the treasures she carried. To date he claims to have spent somewhere bet~een six and ten million dollars in this search, som~times using as mnny a six search uessels using the bost equipment auailable.

•

This still leaue~ us with iron cannon as potential ~ magnetic targets. When ships were dashed to pieces on a lee V shore during a hurricane, such as Qccurred with some of the

r 1715 ships lost on Florida's . East. Coast, the' ~r:>n guris -generi'lly were deposited in the vicinity of the remainder of

the wreck'" - but not always. On one of -the wrecks ~he ship struck bo.ttom about three miles offshore and her top deck and superstructure broke off and drifted right on shore in the ~ breakers, whereas her main hull and. cargo are located somewhere in bet1.1.111en, On some of the 1715 wrecks the ships and cargoes also went irito shore in the breaker zone and although the cannQn can be easily found (if iron) her ~arg~ can be ~pread up ai'td down the coast for several miles. The remains of ttie Capjtana of this fleet are spread along the. shore for four miles to the north ·and one and a half miles to the south of where most of her guns lay. During the past two decades modern day s&luors first worked the area ~here the cannon lay and, after exhausting t~a area, worked up and doQn the coastline id hopes of finding more treasures from this_., wreck. · Objects coming ashqr• in recent hurricanes generally giue a uague location of other parts of the wreck hidden under the deep sands. .,

.... 18-

, .•u::JOAR PACE I 1 :"r\INUTE PAGE 2-4 25 _·

•

•• The same problem occurs ·whet.t ships are wreckt~td far. from shore. The topsides of che ship, with the cann~n and anchors, if any remain. are generally swept far away fr~m the main part of ime wreck, making it ver-y difficult to find the sma'.J:ler non-ferrous i terns whith are usuall~ buried under sand, inud or reef or a combination of them all.

Added to the problem is th~ fact that on many shipwrecks. the cannon arid anchors l&lhich are the signpost of a shipwreck, no longer exists. They were salvaged by contemporary or modern saluors. During W&-:-ld War II for example, when there was a great· demand for all kinds of metals, many salvage· companies scoured the sea floors up and down the U .s. East Coast and thr-oughout - the Bahamas anq Carri~ean, recQvering everything which could be found. In recent years, this has also, been done, and the .most recent example on a big scale took place ·on the Little Bahama Bank where ~ Bahamian Gbuernment bouy te~der tt4s einployed for months- to pi·ck up all canng.n and ~nc:ngrs' ·"·.isable. The reason it was done, according to- _governm~nt spokesman, was to prevent their being pirated by unauthorized divers and saluor!I.. The fact is that many uf these sites wil;l be lost forever uh-::-~c;s. some other method is developed to find the smaller objects still on these buried sites.

Before going further I ·Will cover sonar. There are ,~ii.Jo types~ side scan and sub-bottom profilers. Side Scan Sonar can be useful in locat-ing deep water wrecks in which some .par.t !>f the wreck. such as a ballast pile. is s.ticking a~oue the surrounding sea, floor. However, few wrecks fit into this· catagory in this hemisphere. Sub-bottom profilers give a

•picttnre of what is buried directly b~low the boat and only cover a -narrow area of the sub-bottom. They. ~re only u~eful afte~ a ship~~eck has been located by anothe~ mithod to try an~ pin-point ob;t~cts hidden under ~he sea floqr. In theory tJiey should solue the problem of ,finding the non-ferrous smaller objects on a shipwreck but such is not the case. In mud or silt, generally only in fiarbors ~r near riuer ~ouths, they ~an be useful. However, ill sand, where the majority of shallow water wrecks laj, this type of sonar has very limiteQ penetration generally less than two m~ters. A~so as mentioned above, you have to be almost directiy ouer the .buried object to locate it a11.d thi-s is uery difficult ·When many square miles of sea floor have to be searched. . .

- -~~- . ... ..;t So lets now .assume that a shallo~ .. water shipwre~J< has

been located an9 its remains are scatte,ned o~er- a ~~r9!! ar~~· A. magentometer ean be plaGJJd right oil the bottom end either y

dragged slowly or hand ~arri~~ by a d~~,:.~.r to locate smaller· Ferrous objects ·such ·as cannon b~!!-«i _c;~ snips fit-ting.s. .Unless_

- -A.-~ ;;

'CAl~NDAR0

rA~E .

M,ll''RJ~_P,\GE

• 66,

t.hese objects -are laying in a big,,rr.iass or are uery close :to the surface of ~he sea floor and only a f e~ Feet From the magentometer .head f;ensor, no anomalies can be detected. which is t~ case in most instances. A hand-held metal detector wtll locate metals of- all ~.ypes' but ag~i.n the object~ must be- very close to the dete~t()r or no .r-eadi'i'l9· ·wB:-1· -be obtained. If a large anchor or cannon (bronze or iron) is more thatJ six feet deep tn the bot~om sediment, rio readings will be obtained. On smaller objects such as· hand· weapons, tools or coins •. the d~ection range is usually· less than a ·foot. This is fine ~f t.he site is only c°"-ered· by a f:oot of sand, mud or coral, but this only occurs in very few instances. The auera9e shal):ow water shipwreck has six to eight ~eet of sand ouer it and some, especially in the Bahamas or California, haue as much as· ·25 feet of' san~ covf.?ring them. in one case, we recently found a 0

site wi-th ouer 30 feet of sand covering it and were never able. to identif.y it because we could not dig deeper wit~ either the pr()p:-Washes or .airlifts.

. T.he previous three pages all l~~~ up to the most

difficult problem 1110 face in location of shipwreck- ,remains -that of finding the smal:,ler items ori each site. It ·is tou expensive and i:;ime consuming to tr,,y and dig up several square mi~es of :ocean bottom and at the moment. with what equipment is presently available,;. that would be the onl~ solution.

I should also merition at this time that in Florida, the Bahamas, Bermuda and some parts or the Cat•ibbean the magentometers ·and metal detec~ors work well because they are being used in areas of sed_imentary rock. However, el-sewhere

-=--they (ire -;more difficult to get proper readings. or· in some cases an·y readings, because of ·the magentic prop.erties of non-sedimenta~y ro~ks.

We plan to first utilize the st3ndard equipment .for -locating the remains of the San Agustin - magnetometers, sub-bottom profiling ~on~r. met~1 detectors and visual ~earc~. There is little likelihood that .any of her remains will be above tho sea .floor :So we will exclude the u~e of ~tide-scan · sonar - esp~cially since thi~ ·was already under_taken by the NPS in 1982.

, After the visual and electroni_c survey is comple.ted, we wi-11 .then make small test holes ·on each tatf"g~t usin·g a small.1' airlift to determine 'the identity of each one. If we fail to locate the main remains .t:)f the San Agustin lfy using the above mentioned methods, I will then use a very special instl"umen.~ which is being deueloped by SRI International in Menlo Park. See at~ached letter in Appendix c wri~ten by·

. -4,£,.•

-20-

·-:0

CALENDAR PAtE

MINUTEPAG~

O.J.67,

2427

Dr. Lambert Dolphin. This in:tr.::ment is capable of locating uery sma11 objects under 20 to 25 feet of sand. ~tioenician South Seas has agr.eed to provide the funding for the dev&iopmeot and construction of this instrument and the initial work on this instrume~t will commence in theJJery near f4ture .

••

, CAlENDAft i'AGE

MINUTf P~GE

gxcAUATION,gF :rHE SAN AGUSTIN

Uotil the remains of the San Agustin are actually located it is UtJry difficult to deter~ne the exact methods which will be used in properly excavating the site. One thing is ~ertain: the bent archaeological techniques and equipment will ·bC used on this project '°'nd the maximum effort will be . utilized in collecting al,l pertinent archaeological data~ .Likewise, the operation will be conducted in a manner which protects the gathering of the archaeological data and protection ' of the artifact~ and wooden remains - if any remain - of the ship's hull~ The staff and equipment of Phoenician Explorations, Limited, are 1u well prepared as anyone in .. he world today to do as professional a job as can be donev.bn wrecks of this uintage. ·

There are two different possibilities to consid_er. One that the ship remains and cargo are sca~tered ouer a wid~ area. which would make the pr.oj ec< more difficult· and expensive tq~ undertake. However, I do not contem;>late this being the ca$c:i"' ·With the San Agusti,n. The other that the shipwreck is more or· less confined to a small area. If this is indeed the case, which t·believe it to be, the "blasters" on the ~io Grande will ·Only b~ used to remoue the overburden. Tll;Jen a grid system wi.11 be e,rected O'r1 the bottom over the site a.\'.l!i. /.the actual digging will be done by the use of airlif~s a'rid hand-fanning, in conj unction with tho gathering of the archaeolgg;cal data -i.e • .measurements, drawings, photographs. etc.

Detailed archaeological recouery plans cannot be provided unti·l the completion of the se~rch phase; however, staff of Phonecian Explora~~ons will ·.r.raw up full plilns· at sucn time as the remains of the San Aqust"i.JJ are located and identified. These plans will be shared with qualified archeological staff from the National Park Service, the California State Historical ~ Preservation Office, the State Lands Commission and other agencies having a legitimate interest in the .r~couery and preservation of such a prize. Actual techniques for such a . .,;·alvage must maximize the data recovery· phase to be acceptable to the partners of Phoenician Exploration, and we fully realize the ualue of this search to the people of California. ,

once the methodi and degree of salvage are agreed to, we can discuss and draw up plans for the proper conieruation and display of the recovered materials. Again, it would be premature to draw up sui:h plans until we· know what we have to work with, but it is conceiuable that an on-si·te museum ~oµld

1

-22-

C\liNDARrAGE 8 3 · 69.

MINUTE PAC£ 2 4,2 9

..

•

·.

i

! ' "l

_qa j ·•·! . .

be built, as part of the NatiortC!l Seas_hore, or that institutions in the San FranciscQ area could sh~re funding of the conservation effort in exchange for displayi>lg them. As we prepare the excavation plans, and before- major excavation, -begins, we will consult with State and F_ederal experts an.~ present our dot:ailed proposak5 to archeologists from these agencies for approval.

If we find that the remains of the shipwreck lay in an area of heavy sea swells, making the excavation difficult;, we Jo!-

may haue to resort to building a cofferdam around the shipwreck and working i~side it. such as they are presently doing on one of the Re~olutionary War shipwreck$ off Yorktown, Virginia. Underwater visibility is another problem is Drake's Bay anq this too may ~ solved with the use .of a cofferdam. It is also­~nown that Drake• s Bay is the breeding g_r:-ounds for the .w~i te Shark~ and the cofferdam might also eliminate the dan9~rs frotit these pr_edators. If a coffer~am is not required, wr,- wt 11 probably 'have to erec.t nets around the .site to keep the sharks out of the ~r._e~ ..

~ 4

No work ·will commence on the site until a proper place~=--has been e.stablished for the storage and conserua~tion oF the artifacts. A laboratory will haue -to -be set up with qu~lified personnel to operate it.

I al-go plan to establish a group of advisors .who wi<ll supervise the ouerall excauation 6_f .tht;t si'te. Some ·of these will come from tne State of California. the National Park Seruice_ as available, and others will be people knowledgeable in ct!fferent aspects of the- history of the site such as Raymond Aker and Edward P. Uon Der Porten.

At this time it is imRnssible to determine the amount 9f time that this p!"oject will tak-e but I think we should count on a minimum of three years and it could· take as much as twice that amount of time. Weather and working conditions wi. ll be .i: ~he main f~ctors that will decide this issue. '

-23-

CALENDAR PAGE

MINUTE PAGE '-.!}30

£NUIRONMENTAL CONsIDERATIONS

-Enuironmental Sett~ng ~. •..._ .t:.· -· Drake's ~ay is located on the s~~~hern edge of the

Point Reyes peninsula, approximately 24 :n~u~ical mtles 1A1est-north11Jest from the entrance to San Francisco B-i:ry.

The Pain~ Rey~ peninsul-a is roughly triangular in shape, 11Jith th_e longest :ide lyi1:19 on the east, ,along the San Andreas Fault Zone. Ttie angle opposite juts out into t;he Pacific Ocean, forming Poinc Reyes and its associated headlands. The most prominent feature of the area is the Inuerness Ridge, a forested line of hills ,reaching a maximum eleu~tion of- about 1,400 feet above sea leuel. This ridge, drops steeply on' its eastern face, to the San Andreas Fault Zone, which is -sxpressed here by Tomales Bay, Olema Valley, and Bolin~s Lagoon. The western slopes of the ridge are gentle, and drained by many streams cut into canyons.

The cu rue of Drake• s Bay i tr,C!i f is sheltered by Point Reyes, and is generally a gentl91 shelving sandy beach. Drake• s Estero proj ec0ts north from tile, Bay into the center ,of the Peninsula. I~ is separated from Dr~ke's Bay by a long sand spit, Limantour ~pit; which has a ua~iable entrance to the ocean.

Ge.ology

Certainly the most prominent geologic feature in the Point Reyes area is the San Andreas Fault. This fault and its rift zone ~an be traced f~r hundreds of" miles from the Mendocino County coast ·north of Point Reyes to the . desert reg1.,ons nor.th and east of Los Angeles. The northward mouement of the Pa"cific plate, of .whicli Point Reyes ts ·a part, ·was graphically illustr~ted durin,9 the 1906 San .Francisco earthquake. During that euent, Tom~les Point, th~ northernmost point within the Point Reyes Peninsula, moued .approxl.mat&'lY 20 feet northward in relationship t~- the adjac,~nt··cont~nental land mass "" the east side of the fault. ·Euen t.'1e present shape of Point ~eyf)s seems to illustr~te the north-northwest direction of mouement, for it seems, to be bent b~ forces fr-om th~ norttl11Jes t, contorting the -peninsula into t"fie hook -that forms Drake•s Bay. :'.:

The backbone of the Point Reyes P~ninsula is forme,!i -by a core of igneous ~~ranitic)_ rock, which giues structur0· and definition to Irwerness Ridge. This ~ore is ouerlai·n by ~/-.:

-24-

C/\U:NOAa rACE

MINUTE p,\CE 2431

·-

series of metamorphic and sedimen..~~ry strata. The stratigraphy of these rocks is generally uniform and extends later~lly from Inuerness Ridge toward the south. west ~nc;I northwest. At the Poinbr Reyes headlands, the gran~ tic core or basement rock of the peninsula is dgain exposed. Here the igneou$ rock is ouerl~in by a consolidated conglomlf.ate of well-cemented sand·. gra~el, cobble ~nd boulder-size~ ma~erials. Th~, hard and resistan~ nature of the granite and conglomerate along ttlis ,, uplifting fault has created a u~ry impressive and dr~matic series of headla~d cliffs.

~ Bet~een the headlands and Ifluernes~ .Ridge. the various

sedimentary rocks, marine shales. sandstones. siltstones. ·and· claystone form a shallcw dish with its centerli.ne running northwest-southwest through the western part of Drake's Estero. These sedimentary rocks end abruptly at Drake's Bay. forming a series of cl;i.ffs. On th@ more exposed sid~ of the peninsula (Point Reyes Beach) a long. narrow. and uniform beach with hind dunes has been formed. The shore of Drake 1 s .Bay ha~ a narrow beach. and a sand spit that lies between Drake's Esi:ero (a flooded. stream valley-) and the bay als9 helps def~ne Limantour Es tero. which lies beh:i.nd the spit. Qoth es terQs dr~in through a break in the spit. whqse location ~h~f ts ~ontinuously east and west due to seasQnal ~torms.

The clif.f'-- f~cing Orake 1 s Say are c:\,ay~t;ones ang siltstones of the Drake• s Bay Formation. and sandy $hal,es of the Monteriry Shale fo,·matioo. These formations are genc;trally poorly ,c;em:pnted and erode rapidly; ~n, some 'Place!i toe cliff face$ are receding at a rate of 1a inches or mo~e a year.

W:J,'Ul:~n Drake•$ Bay. the immediate marine $Ubstrat~ are believed .to be the Monterey Shale formation and the lower sections of the Drake Is Bay Fqrma.tion. Ouerlyin~ these sub$tr~ta i~ a layer of uncQn~oliqated marine sands of varying •nd unknown thickness.

Oceanography

The ~Qn~t"ental ~helf in the_ project area extends farth~r seaw~~d tha.n ~t -does along ~ny other portion of the west coast. Th:i,s area of ttse continental sh~lf. known as the Gulf of the f~r~llQns. reac~es a width of 26 nautical mile3 (48 ~m>. The gulf cont;ains two major curn~nts that represeno significant components of tht?l· northe"as t; P~cific Ocean's circulatiQn sy$tem. One current flows~ southwar~ (the C~lifornia Ct.trrent). the other (Oaui,dson Currerlt) flows, n9rttiwi\rct. and there are a nurr1ber qf l,ocalizect eddy current systems. Th~ Cal~fQrn~~ Curr~nt ~as a broad squtherly flow. ~'

-25..,.

CAL£NPAR t'AGE

r,utfutE P.\GE

.1.:.:,

83-72 ~4'32

..

gener~lly clo$~ to the coast, and supplies water which is cooler and less saiine than the ~aters farther offsngre. Tnis current normally flpws along the coast from ·August ,·or· Septemb~r thro~h mid-November. ·

.... Toward mid-November,. dominan(: northwet;t wind.s decline

sharply. With this change in wind pattern, the cold surface 11.1ater sinks and is replaced at the s1,trfa~e by ~ thin layer of 11.1armor w~ter. The warmer wateri b~long to the normally de.eper Daui.dson current, 11.1h:i.ch runs counter to the California current. once it 1.~rfaces, the pavidson current form!i a 11.1edge between the California current and the mainland, coast. ·The in$hore, northward, and downwelling movement of the OavidsQn current usually lasts -well into the wi·nter, bringing with it relatively high surface temperatures. However, by mid~February, prevailing winds shift from· the south to the north~est, thus dimini$hin9 or reversing the northward flow of surface 11.1ater. As a result, the California c~rrent flows southward, carry'ima surface water offshore, and deeper water that i~ cold and dense rises up to replace it.

Durin9 each of the seasons, local geogr~phy a-nd topography influence local current patterns. The dominant influences of the California Current and the prevatling northW@$t 1.1.1:1,nds luwe an eff Eilct on the movement of sediment in the survey area that is the reverse of what would be expected. As it flows past the Point Reyes 'headlands. the California current sets up an eddying effect within Dra~e's Bay, and on,hore 11.1avtn, driven by prevailing northwest winds, meet 'the h~adlands and deflect, bending east and northward into Drake's

-:...Day.--The over~ll effect is a localiied south and east to north and west.J;ransportation system for sediment.

The movement of $ediment along the Point Reyes Beach (Pacific coast area) is altogether different. While the south~flowing California current is the dominating element, the oddying offeet .caused by the 8Qde9a headlands seems to be an effective trap for most of' the sediment from the north. In comparison ·to the California Current, the p"euailing northwest ~inds have a much greater effect en nearshore sediment mQvement. However, because of the north-nortneast ·to south-southwest orientation ·of the ·Point Reyes Be&eh and the preuailin9 surface ~orth-northwest wind,, there see~s to be no sijnificant ~ovoment of sediment. And 11.1hat sediment t~anspor~ there is results in material be:tng movt:'a· patt ·the western extent of the Point Reyes headlands where 'i~ is increasingly influ"nced by· the California. current and ultimately c~u~ried into deqper water off the headlands. ·overal~. little sediment is ~arrtied to the Drake's Bay are~ from the north, the sands htr• are d'rived from local and southern sources. .~~

-26-

C.'\lENDAR rACiE 8 3. 7 ~ 2A33 MIN•m PACE _ :.! _ ~

''fhe climate of the Point 'Reyes Peninsula and its immedda'~e environs is characterized by cool. ;dry. fOfJIJY summers and cool.. rainy wineers. Because,i:. there are up1.1.1ellinq<S of., colder wa·~ors during the summer. coo 1 te1nperaturcs ctnd f~g are very common· along the coast and seaward. Tise reverse is generally tho case during the winter months. with cledr but cool weather. that is occasionally interrupted by storms from th• 1outhwest,~ High winds ar·e common in this area. which is generally contider8':i to be both the foggiest and windiest location of the·, Pacific -coa,t. Winds of more that ;.oo mph are occasionally rec~rded. This extreme is due in part to the topography of th~ Point Reyes headlands. Ho1.1.1ever. gale f9rce winds along the Po~nt Reya~ Beach are also common. Thes~ high winds are most ch~racteristic of late and early winter. and generally occur out ,9f the north and northw~st. Winter storms with accompanying. winds usually confro11t the coast from the southeast, and as the •torm system moues inland, the winds move to the northwest. End,~o-f-storm winds out of the northwest are US!!Ally tho most uiolertt, Dr~ke' s Bay ,provides ships a safe refug• during the stron9.'·,riorthwest winds, but this area, has the potential for unexpected changes in wind direction due to eddying conditions.

Ocean temperatures ~ene~ally show little - annual uariation. For example, t~e mean monthly surface water temperatures -at the Golde~ Gate Bridge (Fort Point, San Francis co') and at Nor th Fa~a·llon Is land r:i.n9e from so. 90f' to 60.20F and s2.20F to S6.2qF resptrctiuely, from Januat-y

-:..to December (1926-1960). , ••

Marine _Biolog~

The area proposed for this permit lies within the Point Reyes/Farallon Islands Marine Sanctuary. and h~s had it~ biology studied e~tensiuely.

One or the most spectacular component1' of the area,~ s, wildlife is the concentration of nesting se~birds. with a population exceadin~J lOQ.OOO pairs. The larges~ concentration of these pairs .eJt1-~'t in tno f'arralon Islands, far removed from the project s'.Lte, but the Point Reyes headlands. Drake's. Estaro, and ~ster~ de· Limantour are alse>,o>. important -nestinO areas.

The Poin,t Reyes headlands prouides nes·ting- locations for the Cammon Murra. Brandt's Cormorant, Pelagic Cormorant, Pigeon Guillemot, Western Gull, and the Black oystorcatcher. The

- 4..i.:

•21-~-·-"'

C.\LENr.f.:- 6"A~E

MIN'~ l',\(il

population of all these species has been incr~asing over the · recent past and they are not threcftened by, the· proposed project. ,9.

~Drake's Estero ahd the Estero de Limantour ·p~ouide ~staurine areas for u~rious diving ~irds. especially the Black Brant. . t: ·

Within sight of the .project area twenty three species of marine mammals ·haue been sighted. in'cluding f'iue pinniped species, 17 cetaceans, and one fi s siped . (the .Sea Otter.) . Most of the pinnipeds ~<seals and sea lions) are year-round inhabitants. Again~ the most important p~rt of <th.e sanctuary, for these .spe~ies is the Farallon Islands. where Pliijor breeding, pupping, and haul-out areas have been established. Within Drake Is Bay, only the 'Harbor Seal 'has established haul-out areas, mcistly alon~ Limantour Spit.

In contrast. the cetacean (whala) species. are all migratory through this area, especially the -California Grey Whale which are usually obserued each year from late November through Ju~e or July. Norie of the cetacean species noted .with the Sanctuary spends time in the shallow wa·ters proposed for this prc;>j ect.

Fish resources are abundant ouer a wide portion o.f the .# Point Reyes and Farallon Islands areas. The- area has many factors which make it uital to the health and existence of many ~ species. '9J

The are.a has many diverse habitats, but as this projeet "-is1 restricted- to the nearshor~ part of Drake's Bay, this study

focuses ~n this particular ~nuironment. Several studies describing the fish resources of the entire area can be found in the "Final Enuironment~l Impactment Statement ori the Proposed Point ~eyes-Farallo~ Isl~nds Marine Sanctu~ry~ pyt out by the Federal Office of Coastal Zone ~anagement in 1980~

Drake's Bay is important as a feeding spawning, and· nursery area for Many :fin-fish. In addition; Drake'.s Estero and the Estero de Limantour provide nurseries for Pacific Herring, smelt, Starry Flounder. Surf'perch .an~ Silver ·Salmon. Various bottom fish, such as California l{alibut. Rex Sole, adult Starry Flounder and occasionally other soles .f!ligrate to the Bay at different times of the year. .§.harks ari~ rays us~ the Bay as a feeding ground throughout the y~ar.

Kelp beds, ari important marine community, are established within Drak~.' s Bay. The dominant species near the proj.ect ·area is the Bull ·Kelp (Nerocystis luctkeana), which . is,: an ,annual

-28-

't -'r.·

CUEHDAR f'AGE 8 3 • 7 5 MINUTE PACE 2 4 3 5

·-

•

• species. Its Winter .bed$. reprast;e.t only one to five .per'Cent of its summer extent. It does hot provide the dense substructure or canopy that its better known ~ounterpart, the Gian~, Kelp, does-flll

+ .. b

~ The ent;hic fauna differs great•ly accor-ding to habitat type·. The project site and sur.rounding ar,ea is smooth, f;ab.1r).~ss, sandy bottom, with l:tttle or no relief. Oep~nding on th• severity of the Winter storms, t~~ effect of wave surge -Can oh;en be ·f'elt to the bottom. As a result there i·s little benthic activity, ~th bUrrowing animal& predominant. Sand dollar• and sea urthins have been n~ted· in the· area, but not in the nu~bers that exist iri deeper wate~.

Transportation and Use

Orake' s Bay is outside of the main shipping lanes for San Francisco, but is a ·sheltered anchorage for many smaller vessels transiting tl"ie area. There is also- considerable

. -

traffic from boats visiting the National Seashore.

While there is little commercial fishing clone within the Bay, there is extensiu~ use of ·the area by party boat anglers· and private fisherpersons. The area is included in the Farallon - Point Reyes Marine sanctuary .

..

-29-

... . - •'· . .•

• • • • • "· o ••

.. . .. ' ' . ~ ~- ... ·. . .

;

ENUIRONMENTAL EFFE~TS --

This project wi1l have no significant environmental effects on the a~ea, and will, if successful, ·have a beneficial effect (Class IV) ott the cultural artifa~ts. . ~·

During tho initial search phase small boats using non-destructive instruments u1ill cross the area. Since many priuate or party boats are already in the area this will not be a signific~rnt disturbance to ei,ther seabirds or marine mamm~ls ~ in the area. If this search gives good ind~cations small test holes 1.1.1ill be macie, using small airlifts. While thi's will disturb benthic invertebrates at the actual s~be of ~he holes, the small diameter { ~-18 inches) in the relation to the whole of Drake's Bay makes this effect insignificant.

If the ship is found and identified, major excavation coul~ begin. A detailed plan will be fjled wjth the pArmj.J;.Sj.J]!L agencies when the 51 te detail.s... (lre known well enough to make sacn ;n:aniiing meaning.fu1J:_h.owevar, ·a'nalysis''cf "s1mila·r: prefects· "indi~c!E'e £hat there is no danger of environmental effects.

The first step would be to remove the sand OVE?rburden, from the main body of the wreck. using directed propellor wash. This will disturb the benthic environment over a few hundred square meters at most, includi~g areas effected by the removed sand. Experience in other ,areas indicate~ that the invertebrate fauna will reestablish itself within 6 to 9 months following t~e end pf the project. Under certain cond~tions, it ·may be aduisable to establish a cofferdam around the site before starting work. This would ensure that no fin-fish or marine mammals would inaduertantly enter the site while work was in ,progress. and would further limit potenti~l damage to

the benthos. ~

The proposed project location is not within any of the kelp beds in Drake's Bay.

~

The maximum. work force would include one major recovery, vessel (100 feet long), up to two small skiffs, and possib~y a barge. Most of this equipment would be anchored the majority of the time. all are fully self-contained. There will be no discharges to disrup~~ the water quality of the sit,. No onshore activity is proposed at this time whic"h could disturb either seabirds or the-1 Harbor Seals. ·

The remaining issue is the protection and conservation of the S,an Agustin herself: if she is found.. The funding and ~·taff proposed for this project are unquesfi<?ably

-30-

.

ro:..::·, , .. -·--· , ' C.\lt:NOAti rACE - a 3 . 7 7 MINU~ P,\GE 2 4 JZ

9,

..

professionally able to extract the m~A~mum amount of archeological data from the site with a minimum amount of damage. By requiring de~ail.eLplan.s.......,;.;Eor._prafes.sional review 2nce the site is precisely -~ocated, we are protecting the public trust:--rne people of California and the nation 'deserve to have a site of this importa~e professionally evaluated.

The final pha£e of this proposal, conservation. is probably the most important. Again, the applicant has agre~'ifti to remoue nothing from the site !:Jntil specific provisions for fit­

conseruation and display or storage are agreed to by the permitting agencies. It is uery rare that' we are presented t&Sith an application with the funding and expertise to prov1 e for a full preseruation effort. Staff believes th~t. if' the wreck is found in good condition, a permanen·t display can be established that meets the needs of State and Federal agencies, and returns a priceless part of California's heritage to public uiew.

....

','

10615

-31-

f" "' C\Ll:NDt\~ $'ACE 83.za MINUTE.MGE 2438_

ArPENDL"< A HA.JO! OCCUPATIONS AND OIREtiORSHIPS OF CERTAIN OF THE

PARTNERS IN PHOENICIAN EXPLORATIONS INC. ' --

R~lPH·K. !ARFORO. TORONTO - - "'·· ... .... President, Va1leydene Corp. Ltd., 501·, 161 Eglinton Ave. E., Toronto, Ontario HwP 1JS; Chm.; Canadt~n A~pllan~-kanufac:turing Co. Ltd., GSW ~td.; vi~e-President and Direc:to~. ~~ional Tr..:'zi Co· ~td.; Direc:;or of: Canadian General Investments Ltd., Harding tarpets ·Ltd.• Sanor Investments L;d., Tatemedio (O.uebe~) ·Ltee •. , Thiokol ChamiAl Corp., Unlon Gas \..~·· Wosk's L;d., M&UaY Fa;guscn Ltd. Heal&: Vatleyanna Ort~. Tciro~to, Ontario H~N 1~7

RICHARD A. N. BONNVCASTLE. CALGARY -1300, 355 11th Aw.. s.w., talgary, Alberta T2P OJl;. Chairman and Pres:id:nt, Cavendish Investing Ltd. (private inves-iment company); Chai nnan, HRl"lequin Enterpr.ises Ltd .• (pub lishing hOuse); President. Bonnycastle s Assoc. Ltd.i Vice•Prestde"t & Dir£ctor, U~ivcr! GH l;Q. Ltd.; Ot ractor of: Braha.-r.an Petr.oleu:ns Ltd., Pagu:ia.n ~:po:-a~~ IJ.:µ:;ed;

., Renn Industries Inc:., s.B. tapital Corp. Ltd •• Sul~etro of C~naqa Ltd., Sulpe;ro International Ltd •• Torstar Corp., Steward Jockey Club of ~anad~. Home: R. R. 15, C.lgary, Alberta T2P 2G6

D!l. MICHAEL C. J. CO\JPLAND. OTTAWA .... P;,s~~dant, Mital Corooration:Ltd., P.O. Bo~ 13089, Kanata, Ontarlo K2K 1X3.(~ l~rge p!~b 1 re: l y t radad t& l accnnun i c:at ions cC11T1Pany) •

JOHN C. EATON. TORONTO

Ch~"trman, -Eaton's of Canada Ltd. (Cana,a•s largest department; store c:hahi). 1 Dundas s~: W.,. Toronto, Ontario· tot5! lCBi Director of: Eaton's Fin~ncial Services Ltd •• ~_,aton Insurance Co., Eaton Life Assurance to., Ea~9n's HU,t~al Eaten Trun co. Home: 70 Ardwold Gate, Toronto, On;~ri~ H5R 2W2

RICHARD M. !VEY. LONDON. ONTARIO

·-

Partner, Ivey' 1>::1wler, 2100, 380 Wellington Street, Landon, Ontario H6~ SQ?; Ch•l~n. Allpak Products Ltd. (public: operating and investm.ent ccmp~ny), Director of: lal'lk of Montreal. Oashwood .fndustries ·Ltd., Eaton Corp., Eater\ Yale Ltd., Livingstone lnd~stries Ltd., 1°t'• North•~" Life Assurance Co. of Ca~aq•, , Prenor Group Ltd., T. I. Industries, The Counsel for Business and tht Arts to .tan1da, Richard ' JUJi Ivey Fund, Wort-0.,.;!_~= -i;;:fu--i;:'.;:n~, (C3\,ada); ttember of Bo~!'~ of ,Governor,, UnlversitY of Western Ontario; Otr"'.Ctor, ftqi•l Ontario t\&JS~~ '(Tqr9oto, tanada): Presiden1:. fUchard Ivey Foundation: -~ .,. Home: '9Q Wel l-in9'ton Street, London, Ontario N6A- 3."(2 . . '

HICKAEL H. KOERNER. TORONTO - .(~•

President, Canada Overseas lnvest"'ents Ltd. (private inveiltment company), P.Q. ·aox 117, Toronto•Domtnioo Centre, Toronto, Ontario HSK 1G8; Director of: C!~·A! ~ngineering Ltd •• Canadla"· E~ter1>rise Developmen\, Corp,, L~~~-· Chaparr.~l Steel C,o. (U.S.), ~r~ial &Jn ion Assu,.ance) Co •. of Canada, Co-Sl;t.~J International ~td •. , -9, cue Ltd. , Cu, lman Ventures Inc~ ,u. ~-· , 0 tlworth, Sec:ord • t\efltlh•r· '"d .Assoc l ~t:•& . Ltd., Huron ChetniQls Ltd., Lake On\~arl4? Steel Ccmp~ny Ltd,, Planned ·l~vestm.nt$ K4Jnagement Ltd., Planned' lnvest~ru CC?h>., Pr.,_tt & Whitn~v Ai·rcrzft Can•da Ltd!,

• Rand Capi.ua·1 Cor;ioration (;J.S.), Rt,1n~tds•Feder~ied Ltd., S~~. . .. . . . . 79

• HICHAEL H. KOERNER. TORONTO (CONT'D)

T•uras,~~nd Ltd., Enterprise Development<.:Soard; Governor, Yor-~ Unlvcrsl~y • Home: i4 Ridgefield Road, Toronto, Ontarlo M4N 3HB

R. JAC~ LA\.11\ENCE. 'TORONTO ~ ..

.c:~ President, Burns Fry Limttl!a, P.o·. Bq~ .39, Toronto .. Oominion Centre, Toronto, Onurio HSK tCB (1 major t1n1dJ1n lnves~meot 'b1nkin9 and brokerage fi·rm).

CHAfttES 8. LOE\IEN. TORONTO

Chairman and C.E.O., Loc"'Wen, OndaatJe £ HcCutcheon & Co., Ltd., 5th floor, 33~ D1y Street, Toronto, Ontario H5H Zl\3, (1 major C1n1dlan Investment banking and brokeri;1·· fl rm).

HICffAEL J. NE£DHAH. TORONTO

Executive Conmittee Phoenician Explorations Inc.; Prsstdent, Sterisystcms Ltd., lt7 hywood Road, Toronto, Ontario H9V 3Y~ (a pubUc: hospital equipment 1nd ph1rm1ceutlc1l company); Senior Vice-President, Helix lnvestm~nts Ltd.; Partner, T'ang Hanag~nt Lt~ . ._; Director of: Applied Digital Data Sy!Stem!S Inc, (New York), Nov1mctrix Inc. (Hartt~4. ~g~~«cticut), Stewart-Riess Laboratories tnc. (Caltforntn) tjel b lnvestmanu Ltd. · - -Heme: 238 Inglewood Drive, Toro~to, Ontario H4T lJl

NORHAN J. SHOR1'. TORONTO

Executive Committee Phoenic:t~n Explorations Inc.; PreGident, Guardian Srowth Fund Ltd. (publi~ Canadian mutual fund), 500, 4800 Yonge St., TorontQ, Ontario HSE tG6; Chairmarr of: Grouped Income Shares Ltd., Guardian Capl.tal Investment Coun1e·l Ltd., ~Hutual -f'unds Kanagement Corporation of Canada Ltd.; P.resident of: . Auric: Resourcu Ltd., Gu11rd~n Capital Group Ltd., Guardian Comoound ·!n~;i_rne Fund Ltd., Guardian Growth Financial Services Ltd., Guardian Growth Fund· ·1ntern1tion11 Ltd.; Vice-President and Director, GDN Ventures Ltd.; Tre1surer and Dir.actor, Safe Caot~al rnc:ot11e Venture Ltd~; Director~ Ripley International Ltd. Home: 4 Kay Street, Toronto, Ontario H4W 2Y1

WILLIAM W. SIEBENS. CAL~ARY

President, Stebens Oil' Gas Ltd. {oil and gas opera;tng_company), 300 Three Calgar.y Place, Calgary, Alberta T2P OJl; H11n1gcr Director, Siebens Otl 'G11 (U. K.) Ltd. Home: 102 ~oxboro Road S.W., Calgary, Alberta T2S ORl

..,o ... oN ... A ... L...,D_c ........... w ... E .... BS._T ... E~R-· _T ... o.,.R ... ON.,.L...,.O ~.f

General Partner, Phoenician Explorations Inc:.; President, Helix Investments Ltd~ (a prlvat• investrnen~ company), ~400, 401 Bay Street, Toronto, Ontario HSH 2Y4; Chairman of: Stcrisystems Ltd ... , Huxley lnstl tute for Bio•Soi:tal Research;.:. President, Wright-Hargreaves Hines .Ltd.-; Vice-President and Director of: East Halartlc Hines Ltd., Lakeshore ~tnes Ltd.; Director of: Applied Digital Data Systems Ltd., Canadian General Investments Ltd., Cast North America Ltd., Claude Neon Industries Ltd., Energy Conversion Devices Inc:., EuroCanadian Shtpho1rltnos Ltd •• lnterc:ast. S.A., Pagu:-ian Cc:'pcirat.icm Limi.te4 , Little Lonp Lac G~ld Hines Ltd., Lundor Hines ~td., Kalortlc ~old Fields (Quebec) Ltd.,

The Personal Insurance Company of Canada Ltd., ... -·-

. ·" .... · - 3 ..

DONALD C. WEBS1ER. TORONTO (CONT'D)

Polyeont Systems 1.td., Ram Petroleum Ltct·;:·• \Ii 11 rC?f Hines Ltd., Riede: t>ir..J.l.lc:y ;11i:A Mi-:cl. Co~:A1:icn:i;Past Director, Royal Ontario Hu~eum (Toronto. Canada). ~ kO.-ne:.., 129 Dunvegan Road, Toronto, Onta,1'io H4V 2R2

LORNE C. WEBSTER. HONTREAt·(P. ENG.) ~

President, Prenor Group Ltd. ta public insurance ccmoany), 202, 801 Sherbroo~e St. E., Montreal, Quebec H2L 1K7; Chairman of: The Canadian Provident•Gen~ral Insurance Co., The No~hern Life Assuran~e Co. of Canada. The Personal lnsu~~nce Co. cf Canada Ltd.; V~·Chai~n. Hpntreal Expos Baseball Club Ltd.; Pre~ident of .canabam Ltd., · · Planned Resources Fund, Tauras Fund, Windsor Hotel; Director of': S.nk of Hcntreal. Canadian fur Investments. t'anadian Properties Trust, Cartie~ Tower Ltd •• Champlain Power Products Ltd., Cullman Ventures Inc. (U.S.). Dale-Ross Holdings Ltd. 1 Formula Growth .Ltd •• H •. a. Fuller Co. (U.S.), Hayden Enterprises ~td., Helix Investments Ltd., lnmobilaire Canada Ltd., The tmi:ierial Trust Co., Kativo Chemical Industries Ltd. (Costa Rica). ~urphy Oil Co. Ltd., The Permanent•Westminster Insurance Group (Australia), (luebec:air, Quet:tec:or Inc: •• Sallin9bs;ry Ltd. '(U.K.). $trathac:ona Investments Ltd., Bluss Point Gotf & Country Club (U.S.), R. H. We!;)ster Foundation; Trustee, Stanstead College; President, Juli~s Richardson Convalescent Hospital. Home: S6 Belvedere Circ:le, Montreat, Clu~bec: H3Y lGB

R. HOWARD WEBSTER. HONTREAL

Chairman, lmi>erial Trust Co. (a private investment c:cmpany), 2912, 1155 Dorchester Blvd. w., Hontr.eal, (luebec: H38 2L5; Chairman and President, The Globe & Hail Ltd •• (Canada's only nnional newspaper); Cheirman of: Penobscot Building (\.J.S·-­.Quebecair, \lindsor Hptel Ltd.;• President of: Annis Furs (U.S.). Canadian Fur Investments Ltd., Detroit Marine Terminal Inc., Durand r.orp.; Di rector of:

~Burns-Foods Ltd., Holt-Renfrew &,Co. Ltd. · Home: 19 South Ridge Road, lte Bi:ard, Quebec: H9E 183

P::e.sid&nt, Crabb 5 company X.td., P::eslien~" Men:ose Inves:ment cc=pany, 170 Hargrave sueat, Winnipeg, Manitcl:la R3C 3H4i t>il:e1:1:cr of·: ·Pagu:ian CO:pora":icm t.im::-4·

lhm -. ~=·

83.e1 CALEND,\R PACit

MINUTE r,\GE 2.441

. ;

..

Hr. llalpb Barforii. ?reside:: V&lleyde~e Corpora:io~.Ltd. 161 Eglinton Avenue East Suite 501 . ~· Toronto, One;ano M4P lJS

H:. !ryau !i. knit: '1alwyn, scodgeU, Cochran Ii Mutt•Y Ltd. Milestone Souse. 107 cannon Screec London ~C4N SliD EnglaDd

H:. l.oben Jurua Suite 301 1166 ·n•y Street 'Ioronco, Ouearl.o HSS aB4

Ms. Beacher Cooper Burns Cooper Bynes L111it:ed lO'Pric:e Scree: .Toronco, Ont:a:io MW lZ4

"nr. M1cha4 Cowpland h•*iden'C tu.tel Corpora:ion P.O. ~ 13089 ·J:auaca, Onci.no X2X. lX3

Prince Michel de 'Bourbon de Pame 69 Boulevard Sai.ut-A:toine 78000 Ve:sd.lles ·~· .,_ !ranee

Ms. Pual.3 Mauran Suit:• 1004 • 1166 Bay Street Toronto, Ontario

~. John c. Eaton Chai.run .:. "Eaton'• of Canada lJ.mited 1 tiutidas Street ~est -Toronto, Ontario MSB lCS

Mr. Bnan·M. Flood Tory, Tory, desl.auriers & Bimnngcou aoyal 'Bank Pla:a Suit:& 3400, P.O~ Box· 20 Toronto, Ontario HSJ 2Kl

C\lt:NOAS PACE

l::!_1NlJTE P,\GE '-..,,

.. -

83 .f2

Mr. Ronald Gann, D1reetor Burrus, Fry L1i:a.1ted l First Cauai:U.an Pl3ce Suite 5000, P.O. Bqx 150 Toronto , Onell do HSX ll13

"€' Allen and Victori& llodgson 523 Aral• Avenue Vestmoun~ •. _Quebec H3Y 3B8 --

~· Christopher Ondaatje t.oeveu, Ondaa:je, McCucchcon & Company L:d. 7 Uns Streat Eu: · 20th Floo~ '!oronto, Onta~io MSC 1A2

Mr. g .1.. Mactbews !urns Fry LiDited 1 First Canadian Place Suite SOOD, P.O. !ox l~O Toronto, Ontario HSX 11!.3

Mr. Michael H. tto;.t~r Canada Ovaraeas luvestmenta Limited P.O. Box 61, Suite 2901 Sou:h Tower, R.oyal Bank Pl&:a Toronto, Ontario MSJ 2.12

Hr. M1 cha~l .J. Needham c/o P.elix lnvescmencs Limited AOl Bay Str11et Suite 2'•00 Toronto, -Ontario HSB 1Y4 J ..

Ht'. Michael Nesbitt Crabb • C~apany Ltd. Suit• 970, Royal '.trust Building ,330 St. Mary ,Av~uu• lliimiP•I• Hzinitoba t3C 3ZS

Nevsco Invescmen~ Li!liited c/o Mr. ,a. Boward ilebstcr lape:t:ial Trust Company Suite 2912 1155 Dorchester Boul~vard West Montreal, Quebec R3! 2LS

Mr. Robert Opekar, President las Petrolewss L1iaited -Suit~ 918, P.O. ,Box l7 '130 Adelaide Street Vest Toronto, Ontario MSH-JPS

e

..

•

• ....::..-- .. -~·

;83

2443