A manual of marks on pottery and porcelain

8/12/2019 A manual of marks on pottery and porcelain

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Mrs. S.T. Blackwood


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A MANUAl>-Or MARKS

POTTERY AND PORCELAIN

A DICTIONARY OF EASY REFERENCE

BY

W. H. HOOPER AND W. C. PHILLIPS

Uontion

MACMILLAN AND CO.AND NEW YORK

1894

All Rights Reserved


6/256

First Edition, 1876; Second Edition, 1877; Reprinted iZ-]^, 1886;

with corrections and additions, 1894.


7/256

P K E F A C E.

THIS edition has been carefully revised and enlargedby the addition of many new marks.

When first issued none of the marks of Japan had

been published. At that time information was difficultto obtain, and much of it has since been found to be un-reliable ; by the kind permission of Sir A. W. Franksa large number of marks are now inserted, which willbe found to include all the factories of importance.

Being only intended for a pocket-volume, unimportantfactories and unknown marks are left out. For moredetailed information, the works of Brongniart, Chaffers,Demmin, Jacquemart (admirably translated by Mrs.

Bury Palliser), Marryat, Robinson and others may beconsulted.

The work is divided into four parts ; in the first, theMarks are classed under descriptive heads, as Anchor,Animal, etc. ; in the second Majolica the factories of

Italy are arranged alphabetically; in the third, otherfactories of Europe on the same plan ; and in the fourth,the Oriental Marks are arranged by the number ofcharacters inscribed.


8/256

IV PREFACE.

The Marks on Pottery and Porcelain are of threekinds factory, workman, and pattern mark. The firstis usually placed in a prominent position, sometimesaccompanied by the mark of the maker or decorator.Sevres Porcelain, for instance, often having four or fiveworkmen's marks, besides that of the factory. The

pattern mark is usually a number ; this is seldom given,being useless without a description of the patternitself.

The Marks, when pencilled or incised, vary very con-siderably ; a different hand, a full brush, or a flaw inthe material, all tend to make them unrecognizable ;even when printed they are often blurred by the actionof the fire or running of the enamel, and when im-

pressed, a shrinking of the wet clay will change orobliterate them.


9/256

Z2STZDE1Z.

AnchorAnimalArrowAxe ..

BeaconBell . .Bird ..Bow ..Butterfly

CadnceiisCircle . .Claw ..CrescentCross ..Crown

Dome . .Dot ..

Ermine

Fish .

Bassano

Caffagiolo . .Castel DurantoCastelli

Diruta

FaenzaFlorenceForli ..

Genoa..

MARKS.


10/256

INDEX.

FACTORIES.r


11/256

INDEX. Vll

PAGE


12/256

CONTRACTIONS.

The quality of the Ware is described in the first column,

and the mode of marking in the second, as follows :

. . . Incised.

. . . Impressed.

... Pencilled.

... Printed.

... Stencilled.

The third column contains the dates.

maj. ...


13/256

Pottery and Porcelain Marks.

ANCHOR

CHELSEA p imp

P goldor red

iT

POPPLES DORF pot imp 176-

SCEAUX PEXTIIIEVRE s p p blue 175-B


14/256

Pottery and Porcelain

L

4-4-

SCEAU.X PKNTHIEVRK

VENICE

Tliis mark variesvery much

COLOGNE

BowThe form and position of

the swora vary.

COALRROOK DALE

DERBY CHELSEA

pot p blue ITS-

h p p red 1765

maj. p color 17

pot p blue 1 7

a p p red 173

hp p

blue 18

p p goK 1770or red


15/256

Marks.

CM

Rf

j VENICE ...'

...

Giovanni Marconi

WORCESTER

Richard Holdthip, decorator

He also ivcrked for Derby

LoNGPORT

ISTONE CHIN

CALDAS

ORTUGAJ.

Thus read fromimperfect impression

of name

CALDAS

Imitation of Palissy Ware

MlDDLESBOROUGH

20, Pattern mark

s

p p gold17-

or color

p color 175-

pot imp 1793

pr blue 1805

pot imp 18

pot imp

pot pr bluo

imp

20


16/256

Pottery and Porcelain.

SWINTON

ANIMAL.

The Rockingham Crest.


17/256

Marks.

ARROW.

Bow

(?) PLYMOUTH

CAUGHLEY

LEEDS ...Also with name Hartleij, Green fy Co.

PARIS ...I)e la Courtille (sometimes called

Torches)

B p p blue 173-

h P

bp p

blue 17 -

pot imp 177-

li p p blue 1773

AXE.

BADEN BADENTftctow Sperl.

h p p gold

or color 1753


18/256


tffcBADEN BADEN

Widow Sperl

DELFT

De Byl (The Axe)

Justus Brouwei

r

BEACON.

GENOA

h p p gold 1753

or color

pot p blue I.7C4

BELL.

DELFT

De drei Kloklcen. (The 3 bells)

W. Van dcr Docs

This mark varies so much that itis called Leaf and Arrowhead

pot p bine 1764


19/256

Marks,

BIRD.

AMSTERDAM

Hartog and Brandeis.pet p color 1780

ANSPACH h p p blup 1718

Sometimes used without the letter

,

>

SKVRES

1st Empire.

Napoleor.III.

Emperor

LlVEUPOOL

A Liver, the Arms of the Town.Case, Mort fy Co.

h p p red 1810

sten &imp

h p pr color 1852

pot p color 1833


20/256


HAGUE (The)The Arms of.

BOW.

Bow

BUTTERFLY.

CHINESE On old Nankin

I CADUCEUS.DRESDEN

This mark varies very much.

WORCESTERIn imitation of Dresden

h p y blua 177-

s p p blue 173-

h p p blue

hp pblue 1712

s p p blue 1753

CIRCULAR MARKS.

FAENZA ... maj. p blue 15And other varieties, and alsowithout the circle


21/256

Marks.

HOCHST hp p gold 1720Tlie arms of the

Archbishopof or color

Maycnce.

Dahl

T\I

DAMM Aschaferiberg

DELFT

TFortuyn FortuneP. Van der Breil

pot p color 1794&hp

h p p bine 17

pot p oiuo 1G91

Martinus Gouda pot 1675

FLORENCE

)The arms of the Medici.

(B) Francis II. A very rare mark.w

Orazio Fontana Urbino fecit.

s p p color 15

niaj. p color 15


22/256

10 Pottery and Porcelain

DERBY

COLOGNE ...

MONTPELLIER

Lc Vouland.

SHELTON

1BERLIN

Royal Factory

h p pr color 1815

pot 1G-

pot imp 18

pot pr color 1820

h p pr 1850

SEVRES ... ... h p pr color 1830

The marie ivas used with theyear

date from 1830.

Louis Philippi1834


23/256

Marks.

i .CHATEAU,

51 1

SEVRES

Republic

BURSLEM

Wedgwood 8c Bentlcy

CLAW.

DELFT

De Klaauw (The Claw)Lambertus Sanderus.

h p pr color 1834

h p p red 1848

pot & imp 1768

hp

pot pbhu, 1764


24/256

12 Pottiry and Porcelain

CRESCENT.

SALOPIAN.

CAUGHLEY

And without name.h p. p blue 1750

WORCESTER s p p blue 1751or

gold

URBINO ... maj. p blue 1591

Also with the initials E. F. B.

NAPLES

WORCESTER

mnj. p blue 17

h p p blue 1783


25/256

Mark*

Cot p biue

pot p blue

hp ,,176-

h p p color 1744

pot p blue . 17

h p p blue 1787

hp p red 1773

n p 1781


44/256


*C*


45/256

Marks. 33

g

14*

E BS

5F

ST. PETERSBURG ...

P. Kornilo/e

MARIEBERG

Ehrenreich, director

DELFTT' jongue Moriaans Hofft

(The young Moors head.)

BRISTOL

(Imitation Oriental.)

FLORENCE

(A late mark on Fine Pottery.)

li p p blue 1762

pot p color 1759

&sp

pot p 1764.

hp p color 1773

maj M 17

FAENZA ... ... maj

(Many varieties of the letter

are found.)

14

FURSTENBERG hp pblue 1750

F is also found on Bow ware

DELFT ... ... ... pot p blui


46/256


URBINO. F^ Xanto ... maj. p color 15

F.DV

FI

FP

FR

MOUSTIERS. Feraud

NAPLES ...Fab. del Vecchio, Napoli

FLORENCE. For Firenze

UREINO. F c . Patanazxi

NEVERS

PERKENHAMMER. FischerReichembach

GUBBIO

CAFJTAGIOLO. G is found onBow ware

pot p color 178-

maj. imp

&hp 17-

maj. p

ma. p

17-

1G08

pot p color 3730

maj.

1802

1536


47/256

Marks. 35

6iK

1179

OVJ1

MHHB

NAPLES. Giustiniani

GERA ...

GOTHA ..

DELFT

maj. imp & 17 :

p color

h p p blue 1780

175-

pot p red

p 17-

, , T'oude Moriaans Hojft.

(The old Moor's head) pot p blue 1764

Geertruy Verstelle.

STBASBOUKG. Hannong ... hp 1752& pot

PARIS. Hannong ... p color 1773

NEVEKS. Henri Borne ... pot p color 168-

DELFT. Jacobus Haider Adriens

p color 176S


48/256


H.F7CS-7

HVMD

//a 2-

NAPLES

DELFT ...

NUREMBERGHaws Kraut Villingen

DELFT ..,Hendrick Van Hoorn

DELFP ...

THart (The Hart)Hendrick van Middeldijk

LISBON ,

DELFT ...

(?) Jacobus de Milde

DELFT ...

maj. p 17

pot p ted

pot p blue 15

pot p blue 1764

pot p blue

pot imp 13

pot p blu6 1764

pot p bine


49/256

Marks. 37

I.P

ITD7

JJ?

DELFT ...

JanKuylich

(?) PESARO. (?) In Pesaro .

DELFT ...

De Griekse A (The Alpha)JT. T. Dikstraat or Dextra.

DELFT ...

DELFT ...

PARIS ...

Jacob Petit

LIMOGES

J. Pouyat

VOISONLIEU

Jean Zeigler

DELFT ...

(?) Jan Kuylich

pot p blue 1680

maj p

pot p blue 1761

h p p blue 1790

pot p red 18

pot st color 1831

& imp

pot p blue


50/256


IIH.HCVJ/

mVKVK

LC

DELFT ...

Jan Kuylich

KIEL ...

Buchwald, director

A. Leihamer, decorator

DRESDEN

pot pbluo 1GSO

pgold 177-

or color

hp p blue 17

DELYT ...

LIMBACH

MONTELUPOGiven by Jacquemart, Wolfs

Brush

BRUSSELS

L. GretU

DELFT ...De Lampetkan (The Pitcher)Widow G. Brouwer

J> T

.. pot 17-

h p p red

maj. p

1761

hp p

color 1791

pot p blue 17G4


51/256


52/256

4 o Pottery and Porcelain

M.P

MPA\VC

IV

KL

N

op

OPORTO

Rocha Soare

pot p gold \1~

or color

DELFT... ... ... pot p blue 1639

De Metaale Pot (The Metal Pot)Lamlertus Cleffius

DELFT ...

NEVERS

BOURG-LA-REINE

LILLE

I Petit

pot

pot p color 15

GUBBIO ... ... maj pVincentio or Cencio son of

Maestro Giorgio

GUBBIO

153-

h p p bme 1773

.,, pot p color 1778


53/256

Marks.

LIVERPOOL

Pennington

PINXTONThese letters are ascribed to

Pinxton, but t7ie wave was

seldom marked

GUBBIO

? Maestro Perestino

DELFT ...

CAFFA.GIOLO

KOTTEN...

NlMES

Plantier, Boncourant $ Co.

ROUEN

DELFT ... ...P v Doornp

pot p gold 1760

& h p or color

& imps p p color 1791

maj

pot p

maj p

15-

15-

pot p color 15

imp 183

pot p color 15

pot p bluo 1761


54/256


PVM

K

R-n

DELFT ...P van der Breil

DELFT ...P van Meemm

DELFT ...

MARSEILLES

Robert

pot pblue 1G91

pot pblue 1764

p brown

pot p black 1777

&hp

RKGENSBERG OR RATISBON h p p blue 17

... b p p blue 17

RAUENSTEIN ... ... h p p blue 1760

DELFT ... ... ... pot

COLOGNE. .. r . . v pot p blue 1.6


55/256

Marks. 43

S

S

SX

Ven?

CAUGHLEY

Salopian

SCHLAKENWALD ...

SlNCENT

hp pblue 1750

h p p color 180V.

pot p color 1733

SEVRES on white ware ... hp pr green 1833

The Scratch denotes tJiat

the piece left the factory

undecorated. 18G

ST. CLOUDTrow Director

SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE

VENICR

BERLIN

Wegeley, founder

pot & p blue 173-sp

up inc 1750

maj p color 15

&hp 17-

h p p blue 1751


56/256


WVB

PLYMOUTH

Probably the usual marie, the

sign Jupiter, carelessly

pencilled

WORCESTER

p p blue 176-

s p p blue 1751

And others in imitation of ,, ,oriental marks

DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1764

De Twee Wildemans (The two

Savages) Willem Van Beelc

DELFT ...Widow van der Briel

URBINOF co Xanto

Al

pot p blue 1764

maj p

maj X p blueN red lustre

maj p


57/256

Marks. 45

Z-DEJC

GUBBIO

ZURICH

DELFT ...Dextra zoon

LINES.

ALT HALDENSTEBEN

COPENHAGENThe Sound, the great and

little Belts

ST. PETERSBURG

maj p 15

h p p blue 1759

pot p 1765

h p imp 17

h p p blue 1772

h p p blue 17

MITRE.

WURZBURG h p p blue 17


58/256



59/256

Marks. 47

DELFT ...

A Kiellepot p blue 1761

SI l

MoscowA Popoff

APREY ...

h p p color 1830

pot p black 1750

DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1764De twee Scheepjes (The two

Ships) Ant Pennis

Moscow ... ... h p p color 1830A Popoff

DELFT ... ...

Keyser


60/256


DELFT ...

Keyser SfPyndker

DRESDEN

pot p col 1680

$6

DRESDENA modern mark

PARIS ...

Reverend

DELFT ...

ANSPACH or Frankenthal

J. A Hannonjr

TOURS...

Victor Avisseau

NEVERS

Jacques Bourdu,

hp p blue 1709

p blue 13& imp

pot p bluo 16

.. ,. 16-

.. hp 17-

..

hp ,.184-

pot p color 1602


61/256

Marks. 49

B.L E

LUXEMBOURG

NlEDERVILLEB

Beyerle founder

pot p color 180G& h p

h p p blue 1760& pot

MARANS ... ... pot p color 1740

Jean Pierre Roussencq

NTON ... ... ... h p p blue 18Pierre Hulhausen decorator

COALBROOK DALB h p p blue 1787

URBINO ... ... maj p 15-

A air.iilar mark is dated 1549.

STOKE-ON-TRENT

SEVRES

Charles

Hp pr color 185-

p p bine 1824


62/256


63/256

Marks.

I*

FAOrEBAT

DlRUTA

FLORENCE

NEVERSDenis Lefebvre

DELFT ...

Johannes Mesch

URBINO

TOOLOUSE

Fouque Arnoux $ Co.

LlLLiE ...

F. Boussemart

roaj p 16

maj p 14

pot p color 1636

pot p blue 1680

maj 16

pot p color 1820

pot p color 1729

pot p color 1610

1G90

KREUSSEU

Caspar V^tHans Christophe Vest

PARIS ... ... ... h p p red 1780

Dihl 4- Guerhard, Due d 4n-

gouldine patron


64/256


UK

//f

NUREMBERG

George Liebolt

pot p blue 16G7

DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1761De drei porceleyno FlescJijes

(The 3 porcelain bottles)

Hugo Brouwer

NUREMBERG

NAPLES

DELFT ...Jan Jan zoon Kuylich

NUREMBERGHans Kraut

pot imp

maj p 17

pot p blue 1680

pot p blue 15

STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p blue 17Paul Hannong & h p & inc


65/256

Marks. 53

GUBBIO... ...

maj p16

Hipollito Rombariotti

STRASBOURG & FRANKENTHAL pot p bluo 17

Hannong & h p

FRANKENTHAL & STRASBOURG ,,J. 4* P. Hannong

NEVERS ... ... pot p color 17

Jacques Seignc

NIEDERVILLER ... pot sten 1802Lanfray & h p

LIMBACH (?) ... ... h p p color 176-

. Pffold

|

PARIS ... ... ... h p p color 1773

Gros Caillou


66/256

54 Pottery ana Porcelain

k

53 ?

SEVRES ... ... fl p p blue 1753

The letter indicates Hie dateSee Sevres

Louis XVIII.

MOTJSTIERS Olcry

COLOGNE

HERENDMaurice Fischer

h p p blue 1814

pot p color 17

REGEKSBERG or Eatisbon ... h T> p blue 17

pot p blue 1589

hp pblue 1839

DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1639

De Metaale Pot (The Metal

Pot)


67/256

Marks. 55

me*

ML

FAENZA

15*44;

ftw

URBINONicolo d' Urbino

DELFT ...

Q Kleynoven

URH1NOOrazio Fontana

maj p 154

maj p 15

pot pblue 1680

maj p 15-

CLIGNANCOURT ... ... h p st rod 1775

Monogram of the patron Louis

Stanislas Xavier Comte deProvence

DELIT ...

(?) Philip Wouvermanspot p 10-


68/256


M

DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 16SO

J. PynaJcer, C. Keyser 4- A.

Pynalcer

DELFT ... v . f .De Romeyn (The Roman)

Petrus van Meerum

DELFT ...

P van der Briel

DELFTDe porceleyne Fles (The por-

celain bottle) Pieter van

Doorne

SEVEESR^pullique Franqaise

GUBBIO

(?) Salimbene

pot p blue 1764

pot 1G91

pot p blue 1764

h p color 1792& s p

maj p

j

COALBROOK DALE ... h p P blue 1861

j CaugJiley Swansea 41 Nantganv


69/256

Marks. 57

DELFT ...Samuel Pict Roerdet

DIRUTA

CAFFAGGIOLO

ST. AMANDFauquez

STOKE-ON-TIIENT

Minion

CASTELLI

Sowerio Grue

DELFT...

Suter van der Even

pot p blue 165

maj p 16

maj p 15

pot p 175-

h p p blue 179-

or red

maj p 17

pot p blue 1580


70/256


SCHAFFHAUSEN . . .

Tobias Stimmer

FAENZA

pot p color 1560

H

V

maj p 15

DELFT ... ... ... pot p blue 1650

Antoni Ter Humpelin

NEVERSTite Ristori

pot p color 1850

DELFT ... ... pot p blue 1764

Jan van der Kloot Jan Zoon

DELFT

(?) Van der Evenpot pblue 1580

FESARO

(?) Giovanni Vejaso

MARSEILLESI Veuve Perrin

maj p 15

pot p black 1760


71/256

Marks. 59

VI URBINODELFT ...

(?) Wvander DoesI

maj p blue 16

pot p blue 176-4

W- Adams.

Astbury.

R. 4- J.

Baddeley,

Bailey


72/256

6o Pottery and Porcelain

Enoch Booth.

Brameld.

int.

BPATbEFb

KopHHAOBLDO

Chamberlain.

Child.

Christian.

Govlfwt.

TUNSTALL

SWINTON

DELFTVerboom painter

ST. PETERSBURG ...

Korneloffslci Brothers

SWANSEA

LIVERPOOL

WORCESTER

TUNSTALL

LIVERPOOL

COALBROOK DALE

pot imp 1750

b p pr red 1807

& pot

pot p color 1680

h p pr color 1827

h p p color 178-

pot pcolor 1751

h p p color 178-

& imp

pot imp 1763

pot imp 1765

h p p blue 1787


73/256

Marks. 61

Copeland.


74/256


Flight.

Flight Sf Ban-

Flight, Barr# Barr.

n


75/256

Marks.

Haclcwood.


76/256

o 4 Pottery and Porcelain

E. Mayer.


77/256

Marks.

Phillips $ Co.

B. Plant.

nonoBbi

Pouyat $Russinger.

Reid 4- Co.

RocJcingham.

Sadler fGreen.

William Sans.

MN1 '

SUNDEELAND

LANE END

MoscowA Popoff

PARTS ...

De la Couriille

LIVERPOOL

SWINTON

LIVERPOOL

BUKSLEM

SEVRES

NationalFactory

Imperial Factory

pot pr color V780

pot imp 177-

li p p color 1830

h p p red 1773

h p imp 175-

pot imp 1757

&hp

pot pr color 175G

&hp

pot imp 167-

s p st red 1S03

h p st red 1806


78/256



79/256

Marks.

m*


80/256


B*

MALTA ..,

NEVERS

pot imp 18

pot p color 15

PLYMOUTH ... ... hp p blue 176-This marie, the sign of

Jupiter,is often considered as 2, 4

joined

ST. CLOUDJ. B. Chicanneau

DELFT ...

BERLIN

SAVONA

ORB.

pot p color 1700

pot p

hp pblue 1830

maj p 16


81/256

Marks. 6 9

GtiBBio ... ... cnaj p

ORIENTAL.CHINA ... ... ... h p p blue

Old Nankin ware. Sacred axe

15

,, Precious things. Instru-

ments of writing

Kwei, or emblems of uMandarin


82/256


CHINA. ... ... h p p blue

Instrument used as a tuning

fork

DELFT ... ... ... pot p bluo IB-In imitation of the ' six mark

'

OVAL.

ANDENNESB. Lammens Sf Co.

UZES ...

Francois Pichon

(?) VENICE

On modern ware

MONTET

Laurjorois

put imp18

maj p 18

pot anp 18

PEtiARO AND FAENZA ... maj p 15


83/256

Marks.

PESAUO AND FAENZA

j

VAL sous MENDONMittenhoff ,

I

COLOGNE

PALETIE.PARIS ...

Schloss),iacher

PICKAXE.LEEDS ...

X PIPE.ARNSTADT

ninj p

pot imp 179-

pot p blue 1C

hp p gold 18

pot p color 1770

pot p color 17O-

' VlNCENNEP . h 178~


84/256

72.t Pottery and Porcelain

3)

1

*

ROSE.CAUGHLEY

J. Roge S- Co.

... b p p color 1799

DELFT ... ... ... pot . p blue 17G4

De Roos (the Rose), Dirk van

dor Does

SCEPTRE.

BERLIN hp pblae 170-

SHELL OR HELMET.

CHINA hp pblne


85/256

Marks

CHINA ... h p p blue

SHIELD.ANSPACH ... ... h p p blue 1718

NYMPHENBERG ... ... h p imp 1758

SAVONA ... ... maj p

Sometimes with initials G.

A.G., (?) Gian Anto. Guido-

fcono, G. 8. 4* B. C.

1C-

Girolamo Salomons ...


86/256


SAVONA

DELFT ...

VOLKSTADT

maj p1C

pot p rec* 1.7

h p p color 17C2

TURIN ...And Shield alone with Cross.

Arms of Savoy

VIENNA

SIIIP.

COBRIDGE

SQUARE MARKS.CHINA ...

For other Square Maries, see

Oriental, used also by

WORCESTER and DRESDEN

t rmnj p lo-

li p imp or 1774

p olue

pot p blue 18

h p p blue


87/256

Marks. 75

Hh p f blue 17RESDEN

Imitation Oriental

On Bottger ware ... ,,

UKBINO

Orazio Fontana

In Greek Characters

maj p 15

STAR.

DOCCIA

NOVE .

s p p color 1735

hp p gold or 1750

pot p red


88/256


X

X

SUN.

ST. CLOUD ... ... pet p blue 1702.* sp

SAVONA

SWORD.

OAUGHLEY ... ... h p p blue 1750

DRESDEN ... ... h p p blue 1726

1730


89/256

Marks. 77

Xx

DRESDEN

., Marcolini Manager ...

on White Porcelain forSale ... ...

on imperfect pieces ...

h p p blue 1770

1796

17-

scratched

through


90/256


XX-

DRESDENBruhl

Manager

ELBOGEN

MONTREUILTinei

TOURNAY

(?) CAUGHLEYAttributed to Worcester

WORCESTER

h p 3 blue 1750

17

h p mp 1810

p blue 18

s p p gold 175-

or blue

hp pblue 177-

sp p bine 17


91/256

Marks.

WORCESTER s p j) blue \7

TABLE.

CHINA ... ... ... h p

imitated by DERBY ...

TOWETl.TOURNAT ., ... s p p tl e 175


92/256


IA

VlNCENNES 8 p p color 17

TRIANGLE.

Bow, CHELSEA & DERBY

BRISTOL

DOCOIA

KORZEC

NYMPIIENBERO ...

s p & p gold & 17-h p color &

imp & inc

h p imp 18-&bis

s p p gold 1735

& imp

. p p blue 1803

hp {.blue 1753

pot imp 1809

Hulaudier*


93/256

Marks.

TRIDENT.

Bow

JA,e triangle imp

CAUGHLKY

CAPFAGIOLO

Also attributed to Faenza

Gubbio

SWANSEAAnd one trident

VASES.

BRISTOL

The Cross imp

JAPAN ...

p blue 170-

h p p blue 17

maj ,. lo

h y imp 18

h p pr blue 18

h f. imp 18

color


94/256


Gunno

WINDMILL.

CLJGNA.NCOUKT ...

Paries greatly

inaj p blue 15

&hp i color 1775


95/256

Majolica. 83

MAJOLICA.

THE manufacture of Italian Pottery generally known

as Majolica or RafFaelle ware was foi many years under

the patronage of the Urbino family, and was principallycarried on at Urbino, Gubbio, Pesaro, Castel Dnrante, Faenza

and Dim c.i.The ware is coarse and bar], but it is valued for the

decorations, which are from designs by RafFaelle, Michael

Angelo, Guilio Romano, and other great masters; and someare thought to be painted with their own hands.

Marryat says : It was the usual custom for the Artists

to write the title of the subject, in blue characters on the

back of the dish, but rarely to affix their names and place of

abode. The examples given will, it is hoped, be sufficient

for the identification of such marks as may be met with in

duplicate, those that arc given in type are too large for

ensravinor in a small handbook.


96/256


MAJOLICA.

&

BASSANO, Venetia ... ... ... 1540

Also with the signature of Antonio Terchi and

B Terchj

CAFFAGIOLO, Tuscany ... ... ... 1507

The ordinary mark is thus marie, it is S. P. in e

monogram, sometimesthe

Pis alone

given.

,, The trident is used both with and without

above. The name is also signed In Gafagolo

This mark is also attributed to Faenza and

Gubbio

(?) for Gafagiolo


97/256

Majolica. 85

FattoinBotegadi Piccolpasso

CASTEL DURANTE, Urbino ... ... founded 1361

The earliest known date is ... 12 Sep., 1503

Sebastiano d' Marforio signs and dates a piece in 1519

Francesco Durantino 1533

,, The Chevalier Piccolpasso was director of a

factory about

> 1841 On Modern Ware < in imitation of the old

CASTELLI, Naples

So attributed by Pusscri ...

Saverio Grue. Also initials and name

L. G. P.

Or. Rocca diCastelli, 1732.

Gentili P.

,, Luigi Grue ...

,Fro. - Ani- Grue

... 1550

14

1C

... 17

'>

... 1722

... J-'2

. 17-

DIRUTA, Papal States

Other varieties of this signature are found


98/256

86 Pottery and Porcelain.

-intyJ *

DIRUTA, Papal States

HT

1G-

FatainFaenzaIn Coxa Pirota

Given by Darcel as a mark of this factory ...

P AEN7A

On one of the earliestpieces

ofMajolica known

1475

(?) Gubbio. Supposed to be Maestro Giorgio 14

Many varieties of the letter F are found ...

Cosa Piroto The name of a factory of

Facnza ... .,, .,, ... 15-


99/256

Majolica.

FAENZAAnd Avithout the circle ... ,,. 15

Also attributed to Pesaro

Many other varieties of this mark are found

Yvioiuarcx ]

ft Also initials B. M. , 154-

ML

,, And B Avithout the T ...(?) Baldasara


100/256

ero.

F.R.

TAOEBA.T

Pottoy ana Porcelain.

AENZAAttributed to Baldasara 15

In a square, and initials only ... , .. M

FLORENCE, Tuscany ... ... ... 14Luca della Robbia and his family mailc their

famous ware here until about ... ... 15GO

This mark and another, LR FA, 1451, is attributedto Luca, but both are very doubtful

Pate m .F1542.

I la, Bo teg a dMo Jero da

Forli.

,, Alate

markon fino

pottery

(?) for Firenze

., 17-

FORLI ... ... ... 15-

Also without date, and with signature of

Lcucadius Solombrinus, 1555


101/256

Majolica.

GENOA ... ... ... .The beacon is well known, it varies very much

15

,, Given by Demmin

GUBBIO, Urbino ... ... ... ... 14

Giorgio Andreoli, afterwards known as Maestro .

Giorgio, first used the beautiful metallic luttre

which caused the Gubbio ware to be so valued

Also ascribed to him ... .*. .

... 1519

.,. 1525


102/256

9 o Pottery and Porcelain.

GUBBIO Maestro Giorgio

B A, Merchants'mark...

,, With merchants' mark

...1528

1532

15

Attributed to 3faes/ro

,. Vincentio or Cencio, son of M- Giorgio ... w


103/256


104/256

*L

5to,

r n.o

tf.B.

31.

1627.

Mte L*1639.


MILAN. LombardyAnd name only

, 17-

15-2 /f

On modern pottery ... ... , 18-

MONTELUPO, Tuscany ... ... ,.., 1G-

Vaviously written

With signature Raffaello Girolamc

Given by Jacque mart ... ... p black

(?) Wolf's brush modern

NAPLES

Crown of various shapes, some-

times B. C.


105/256

Majolica. 93

EDV

NH.F

CPadva.A. Padoa.

NAPLES.

And Ferdinando del Vecchio Napoli imp in full 17

So attributed

. 17

Giustiniani Brothers ...

And in outline

PADUA, Venetia ...

With date, 1548

1563

... imp 17

& p color

... p blue 17

15-


106/256

94_

In Fesaro.

FattoinPesaro

IP

Ravena.

In Arimin1535.

In Rimino1535.

Fato inAriminensis

1635.

Fatto in Romada Gio Pavlo

SavinoM.D.C.

In Roma.


PESARO

With dates, 1542 to 1765

Doubtful

(?)Giovanni

Vejaso

EAVENNABetween two flourishes

RIMINI

Stiffly written

EOME ...Pencilled in oval

Pencilled and impressed

, li

. 15-

... 1512

, 10-

, 15-

* 1C35

... 16-. 1COO


107/256

Majolica. 95

Alma Roma1623.

EOME.

SAVONA, Genoa ...

(?) Guidobono

Girolamo Salomons

16-

16-

9

61., With initials G. A. G. (Gian Ant .. Guidobono)

and G. S. (tSalomone) & B. C. ..


108/256


L LFata t Siena.

Bar TereseRoma.

F. G.

Treviso.

N.

SAVONA, Genoa ~. 16

SIENA, TuscanyWith signatures of M Benedetto

,, Bartolomeo Terenzio Romaw-o

,,Also in

monogramFerdinando Ma.no,

Campani ...

TREVISO, LomardyIn circle

So attributed

TURIN, Piedmont ... ... ... 15

And Shield alone with Cross. Arms of Savoy

10-

15

1727

1733

15


109/256

Majolica. 97

FattainTorino TURIN, Piedmont

Fabrics Realedi Torino

1737.

So attributed

UEBINO

.f.XA-K-Til / ^

/ t/rAino.

Xanto Avelli da Rovigo

.. 1577

... 17

... 14

p colour 15

X in blue, N in red lustre, probably Viceniio'smark

H


110/256

9 8 Pottery and Porcelain.

^V

AURBINO

Francesco Xanto Avelli

15-

,, Orazio Fontana 15-

Urlino Fecit

In Greek character

JEA similar mail; dated 1519

ATico7o d' UrUno. About

also signed Niculo di V.


111/256

Majolica. 99

T. R. F.1587.

F. G. C.

Alf. P. F.

Vrbini, 1606.

A.PRE

B. F. V. F.

VI

UBBINONicolo d' Urbino ...

Geronimo Vrliino, with dato

Also with initials E F B, dated

... 15

... 1583

... 1587

, 1594

,, Alfonzo Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1006

Francesco Patanazzi. Also name in full ... 1608

Vicenzio Patanazzi, aged 12 years ... 1619

,, (?) Luca Cambiasi, of Genoa ... ... 16

,, (?) Battista Franco Urbini Fecit ... ...


112/256


113/256

Factories. 101

FACTOEIES.

ALTENROLHAU near Carlsbad,Germany ... ... pot imp 1829

A. Nowotny, Director & h p

AMSTEL,Oude 3 nearAr sterdam,

Holland... ...

hp p blue 1782

AMSTEL, Nicwer ... ... h p p blue 15

AMSTERDAM, Holland ... h p ji blue 1772

A. Daeuber, Director ... , t 178-


114/256


AMSTERDAM, Holland

Hartog $ Brandeis

ANDENNES, France

B. Lammens $ Co.

pot p color 1780

pot imp 18

A. Der Vander Wcert

ANsrACH, Bavaria ... h p p blue 1718

And other varieties of the

A^sometimes like crossed

s words

The Eagles and Shields t , n n

vary very much, and

sometimes on A used

without the letter


115/256

Factories. 103

ANSPACH Ii p p blue 1718

/P

X


116/256

io 4 Pottery and Porcelain

\BADEN-BADEN, Germany

Widwu Sperl

n

h p p gold 1753

or color

BAYRETJTII, Bavaria ... pot p black 15k 15-

rot D blue 15

kip p 1744

BERLIN, PRUSSIA.

Established by W. G. Wegeley, in 1751, and purchased

by Frederick the Great, in 1763. Pott, a chemist at

this factory, claims the invention of transfer printing on

porcelain.

BERLIN, Prussia.

Wegeley h p p blue 1751


117/256

Factories. 105

1

KPK

BERLIN, Prussia

Royal Factory. Manyforms of sceptre ... h p p blue 176-

Konigliche PorzelleR.

Manufactur

This Ea,gle is also used by

Schuman, of Hoabit,

with namet

Frequently painted tn

green or gold over the

sceptre mark, on

damaged pieces

1830

r 1850

18


118/256

io6 Pottery and Porcelain

BBlaR

op*

I:

t

BORDEAUX, France

Lahens 4 Rateau

h p p color 18

BOURG-LA-EEINE, France .-. s p p blue 1773

4 pot

Le Chappelet ,

BOW.

This factory ivas established about 1735, but did not

become celebrated until many years later.

Bow e p p blue 173


119/256

Factories. 107

it

Bow

To

The form and positionof the sword vary

The triangle has long beenconsidered a Bow mark tbut recent researcheshave rendered it doubt-

ful, it is often hard to

say if it is a Bow orTriangle, the latter isnow proved to have beenused at CHELSEA andDERBY

Triangle, imp

A. B. F. G. & K. are alsofound, probably work-

men's marks

Also BRISTOL

B p p blue 173-

p red

&gold

impinc '

p gold& color

p Dine


120/256

io8 Pottery and Porcelain

ELERS

*

B

B

BRA i> WELL pot imp 1600

BRISTOLFounded ly llicliard h p p color 1772

Champion

,, And other imitations ofOriental marks ... ,,

The cross impressed hp pr blno IS

imp

& biscuit

For Tebo, the modeller.

Many other ivorlcmerismarks are found ino 17-


121/256

Factories. 109

LC

JB

J{. S/iau-e.

WEDGWOOD.Wedgwood.

Wedgwood

pot in relief 1G70

.1 ,im P 167

~

173-

175-

1768

175-

1783

1790

18


122/256


caen

CALDASPORTUCAI

BUEN RETIRO (Madrid), SpainAttributed to Royal

Factory, Charles III.,

but probably LUDWIQS-

BUKQ

,, The Capo di Monte markis found on early pieces

,, And Monly ...

CAEN, France

Also in capitals

CALDAS, Portugal

Mafra^ maker. Imitations

of Palissy ware

CAPO DI MONTI, NaplesAnd various other forms

of Fleur de lys

Ferdinand IV, patron ...

s p p color

& pot

176-

h p p red 1793

pot imp 18

s p p blue 1736

p red 1759

or blue

& imp.


123/256

Factories. ii i

Os

D. D. & Co.CASTLEFOED

POTTERY.

SALOPIAN.

CAPO DI MONTI, NaplesThis

factoryhas success-

fully imitated old ma-

jolica

Ferdinandus Rex

CASEMKNE, France

Lafl4cliere and Pzillaird

CASTLEFOED. near Leeds

D. Dunderdale

CAUGHLEY, ShropshireEstablished in 1750, by. Brown, taken in 1772

by Thomas Turner .

Crescent marked thus is

often mistaken for J)

arid attributedto

Duesbury of DERBY.

s p p color J79

p color 1780

pot imp 18

pot imp 1790

h p p blue 1750

p blue


124/256


s

XTURNER.

CAUUHLEY, Shropshire ... h p p blue 1750

h p imp 1772

& pot

h p p blue 17

And other numerals thus

treated, to rescmUe

oriental marks

,, (?) Turner, attributed lo

WORCESTER

Rose Sf Co....

p blue J77-

color 1799

CHAM-TILLY, France

Also u'ithname

s p p blueand imp


125/256


126/256

M


CHELSEA ... ... s p p gold 1745

And with name in full or red& imp

CLIGNANCOURT, near Paris ... h&spp color IV 5This varies very much

r /v* Monogram of the Patron, h p st red

/r / f |& Louis Stanislas Xavier,

^* ^-> Comte de Provence

Porcelaine de Monsieur tt f 1780

CoALrORT, or COALBROOK h p p blue 1787DALE, Shropshire

^wd C. J>aZe ... ... .. .,

18


127/256

Factories.

%>

MX

Voyez.

IRV/c.

COALFORT, or COALBROOK

DALE, Shropshire... ... h p p blue 18

Caughley, Swansea, Nant-

garw, united 1821

1861

COBRIDGE, Staffordshire ... pot imp 1773

p blue 18-

COLOGNE, Germany pot ] blut, 1589

16-


128/256

i6 Pottery and Porcelain

o


129/256

Factories.

CEIEL.

D

ITD7

CmEL, FrancoAlso with

monogram ofStone-Coquerel and Lc

Gros of Paris

DAMH, Germany ...

pot imp J7S-

h P p blue 17

DELFT, HOLLAND

Potteries were established here at a very early date;

it is said that fine ware was produced in 1480, nothing

certain is Icnoivn lefore 1614, when a patent ivas grantedto Cla.es Janssen Wytman's,for making porcelain, probably

fine pottery.

DELFT, Holland

The A * PHA De Griekse. A.

J. T. Dextra or Dilcstraat

Mark registeredpot p blue

17G1


130/256

n8

DEX

7I. H. D.


DELFT, Holland ...

Zoon Dexlra ...

,, On tyare ttrMTi same pat-terns as that with first

mark

The works were carried on

by Ja r obus Haider

Adriens Zoon in 1765...

(?) Jacobus Haider

,, Cornells van Os had the

works in 1767

,, ThoA.XE. DeByl

Justus Brouwer

pot p blue 1764

17C5

,, p bluo

rcg 17G4


131/256

Factories.

DELFT, Holland ...

Justus Brouwer.

This is also attribuied to

A.Kielle, of the Wliite

Star.

The CLAW. De KlaauwLambertus Sanderus.

,, This mark is so variedthat it is usually

un-

known. It has leen

called The Griffin

pot p blue 1764

reg 17G4

'80

The DOUBLE PITCHER.DC Dubbelde Schenkkan

Thomas Spaandonclc...

17G4


132/256

I 20 Pottery and Porcelain

tjTUTLl.\

(A.

DELFT, Holland

,, FORTUNE. T' Fortuyn... pot p blue reg 1'J'J

Pieter van der Briel

,T. H. F.Int. Fortuyn.

I. D. A.

De

., TFccluice i'. d. Uriel

The GOLDEN BOAT. /H

tier vergulde Boot

Johannes der Appel

,, TLc GOLDEN FLOWERPOTDe vergulde blompot ...

P. Verberg

1704


133/256

Factories. 12.1

j DELFT, Holland

The HART. T' Hart ... pot p blue rcg 17G4

HVMD

MP

E. B. S.

,, Hendrik van Middeldijk

The METAL POTDe Metaale Pot

Lartibertus Clejjfius ...

Pietcr Paree

The old MOOB'S HEAD ...In V oude Moriaans Hojft

Geertruy Verstelle

Tbe young MOOR'S HEAD

Tjongue Moriaans Hofft

Widow of Picler Janv. d. Hagen

Probably a mark of one or

other of these factories

The PEACOCK. De PaaawJacobus de Milde

1639

1704

p color

pblae .. 1G51

>, 17C1


134/256


7='

twn

PVM

DELFT, Holland

Jacobus de Milde pot [i blue 17C1

(?) Cornells Boumeester

,, The PORCELAIN BOTTLEDe Porceleyne Fles

Pieter van Doorne ...

The PORCELAIN PLATTERDe Porceleyne Sclwotel

., Johannes van Duyn ...

, t Tlte EOMANDe Romeyn

Petrus van Merum

reg 17G4


135/256

Factories. 123

DELFT, Holland

,, JanvanderKlootJanzcon pot p blue 1764

/oo7; thejactory

The EOSB ...De Roos

Dirfe van der Does

The THREE BELLS

De drie klokkenW. van der Does

This varies so much

that it is often unknown

Doubtful

ieg 7G4


136/256

I2 4 Pottery and Porcelain

FB

Hooren.

7?

WVB

DELFT, Holland

,, The THREE PORCELAIN rel7(M

BOTTLES De drle Par-cel eyrie fleschjes

,, Hufjo Brouwer ... pot p blue ,,

The THREE PORCELAINBARRELS De drie Por-

celeyn aslonnen

Hendrick van Hoorn ... ,,

The Two SHIPS ...De twee Sheepjes

,, Ant. Pennis ... ... ,, , ,,

The Two WILD MEN ... ; ..DC twee wildemans

,, Widow of Willem van ,.Beek

The WATER CA:T ... -.De Lampetkan

W(dow of Gerardus Brouwer

L P Kan


137/256

Factories. 125

AK-

DELFT, Holland

The WHITE STABDe ivitie stcr

reg 17G4

pot p brie

/t/C

As J

fi^t^r variations

(?)FancZrJ,osc/

,. Beryl iem

J774


138/256


LVj

V

DELFT, Holland

,, Isaalc Lrouwer

(?) Van der Does

(?) Van Dammelar

Suter van der Even

so attributed

Ifartmus

^Infoni Ter Hwnpelin

plMue 1750

1580

-eg 1G75

color 1650


139/256

Factories.

IfKUK

J-ff

\ DELFT, Holland

Q. Kleynoven

Jan Kuylicli the younger

r

Bf Johannes Mesch

Cornells Keyser

Jacobus Pynalcer andAdrien Pynaker

12

p blue re^f 1680

*i - .


140/256


DELFT, Holland

,, Keyset* 4* Pynal:er p blue xG80

,, Jan Steen

,, Samuel Piet Roerdcr

Willem van der Velde ..,

Abraham Verboom

Piet* r

iseer ... ..

(?) Philip Wouvermans ..

1650

Icolor

1660

1680

1769

15-


141/256

Factories-

AVIfT>7M.2l>1173

DELFT, Holland

UNKNOWNMARKS

129

p co 1 or 1773

pblufe

6-JVC

G )&'779

HX2-

(?) In 771

p rea

p bl**


142/256


xw

KVK

MVC4

DELFT, Holland

UNKNOWN MARKS

., (?) Jan Kuylich

On ware painted in the

style of Majolica. Animitation of a Savona

mark-

p blue

f blue 1731

p oolor

p bine

p red 17


143/256

Factories..

4#


144/256


PEHBY.

Founded in 1751, ly W. Duesbury, who, in 1770, pur-chased the Chelsea Works, and, in 1781, removed the

moulds and models to Derby; also Bow, 1770.

DERBY ... .. s p p red

Duesbury.

DERBY CHELSEA ... ... s p

Later in lilac, then in red

p goldor red

1756

1770

p gold 177-

CROWN DERBY ... ... h p p red 1780Also without the dots or violet

with monogram D KDuesbury and Kean ... ,, ., 1798

- Also with in old English

type ^ 1780


145/256

Factories. 133

A

oshua Heath.

DEJIBY

,, In imitation of the Sevres h p p red or 1798

mari violet

, , In imitation of the Chinese

,, Probably a workman* t

mark

p blue

M& imp

And in oval h p pr color [ 183g

Stevenson $ Hancock ... lip p color 186-

Cockpit Hall

DOCCIA, near Florence, ItalyVarious star marks

pot imp 1760

9 p p color 1735

imp &

p gold


146/256

'34

GINORI.

C/PO


DOCCIA, near Florence, Italy...The founder's name

The Capo di Monti mould*were transferred here

about

n I> imp 1735

1821

DRESDEN, SAXONY.

Thefirst European

Porcelainmanufactory,

established

by Augustus II. in 1709, under the management of

fiottjer.

DRESDEN, Saxony,, Augustus Rex, founder ... hp p blue 1709

TheCaduceus (sale mark)

Bottger ware

And other square marksin imitation oj oriental

1712

to 1720

about 1718


147/256

factories. '35

, {Saxony...

Herold, manager

h p p blue 1720

1720

1730

,, 'Brulil, manager

17-

Alcissen porzeilen manu*

faclur. A'so without

the words.


148/256


x

X

XX

DEES DEN, Saxony...

Early mark

Sachsiche porzellen mami-

factur

Konigliche porzellen manu-

factur

p p blio 17

1750

17-

1770

,, Harcolini, manager ... 9 ,

On white porcelain (per-fect), for sale.

,, On imperfect pieces

I79G

l> blue

scratched

through


149/256

Factories, 137

DRESDEN, Saxony...Un 'imperfect pieces

,, On faulty table goods

b p p blao 17

scratched

through

Wedgwood$Co

A modern imitation ofearly mark

p blue 18& imp

ELBOGEN, Bohemia ... h p imp 1810

see Wedgwood

FERRYBRIDGE, near TJurslcm ,,& pot


150/256


FLORENCE, Italy .., * p p color 1580

This varies very much

,, The arms of the Medici

family. Rare marie.

15

FEANKENTHAL, Bavaria ... h p p bltto 1754

The arms of. Hannong

of Strasbourg, removed

here, 1753.

Paul Hannong...

Also J. A. H. t in monogram & pot fc in/

Carl Theodore, patron ... hp p blue 1761

FULDA, Germanv ...

Furstlick Fuidaisch

p blue 17G3

to 17SO


151/256

Factories. 139

tFULDA, Germany ...

On figure?..

FURSTENBEEG, Germany

,, The F varies very much...

h p p blue 17G3

h p p blue 170

GERA

GOT u *

R.

h p p blue 1780

b p p blue 175-

,, Rotheribcrg, the founder

GROSBREITENBACH

Sometimes a mere flourish

h p p r-olor 1770


152/256

1 4 o Pottery ana Porcelain

E. Mayer.

Lakin fy Poole.

Shorthose.

NEALE & Co.

J. MEIGH &SONS.

NEELD.

HAGUE (THE), Holland ... hp p blue 177-J Stork the Arms oj ihe

Town

HALDENSTEBEN, ALT, Germany hp imp

HANLEY

pot imp

Also Heigh .

In imitation of Wedgwood

17

177-

1776

U79

173-

178


153/256

Factories. 141

J. Keeling.

Eastwood.

Shorthose SfHeath.

T. SNEYD,HANLEY.

Mason'sIronstone

China.

HEREND.

HANLEY

W. Baddeley

pot imp 179-

18

Lane Delph, near ... ,, pr color 1813

HERCULANEUM see LIVEKPOOL.

HEREND, Hungary h p p blue 1800

H)

Also Shield $ Crown ofAustria, fy Shield %Crown of Hungary.

Maurice Fischer ... 1839

HESSE CASSEL, Germany ... h p p blue 1763

HESSE DARMSTADT, Germany h p p blue 1756

HILDERSHEIM, Germany h p p blue 1760


154/256


HOCHST, near Mayence, Germany h p p gold 1720

The arms of the Archbish'm & color

of Maymce

DKiEETb\S

n ^3T

fitd

T

Dahl

KIEF. Russia

KIEL, Denmark ...

Bu.chwald, Director

Abr. Leihamer fecit

pot p color 1791

&hp

pot p color 178-

pot p gold 177-

or color

Also K. T. G ...

KORZEC, Poland ... ... h p p blue 1803

,, The mark varies very much,and is sometimes usea

with the name

KREUZEN, Germany

Caspar Vest

Hans Christoplie Vest

pot p color 1610

to 1GOO


155/256

Factories.

J. Lockett.

TURNER.B. Plant.

T. Harley,Lane Lnd.

Maf 4 1 Newld

LANE END or LONGTON,Staffordshire

Mayer Sf Ncwbold

Bailey $Batlcin.

LEEDS TT'irTiaPOTTERY. '

LEEDS

UlU

1 43

pot imp 17

1762

177-

pot & imphp

1809

Also with name, Hartley,Green $ Co.

LILLE, France

Dorez

D is also found on soft paste.

imp & 18pr color

pot imp - 18

pot imp 177(?

p color

imp

pot p oobr 1711

j, 174-

17


156/256

1 4 4

I


LILLE, France

F. Boussemart.

Petit

pot p color 1729

1778

Patron, The Dauphin ... h p stcn & 1784

Leperre Duroo. p red

LIMBACH, Saxe meiningen ... hp p red 17G1

p gold

p coicr

LIMOGES, France ... h p p red 1773


157/256

Factories. H5

J.p


158/256


Davenport.

LONGPORT.

Phillips.

yi.rf

X

LONGPORT

J. Davenport

A blurred impression of ^ war& is read Liver-

pool in mistake for

Davenport..

pot imp 1793

pr red

imp

]r blue 1S0

LOOSDRECHT, near Amsterdam, bp p bineHolland

Manufactur oude Loos-

drecht. Moll, director

LOWESTOFT ... ... s*hp ,,

No mark used by factory

I/UDWIGSBURG, Wiirtemberg h p p blue

Tnitial of Duke Charles,sometimes used with-

out the crown

17G

1772

175

175


159/256

Factories

I

LUDWIGSBURG, Wiirtembcrg h p p blue 1758This form is also attributed

to Madrid

An antler from ihe arms ,.of Wilrtemberg or red

TR

.B.1 E

Also W. R. ...

LUXEMBOURG, BelgiumBoch, Director

MADRID -see BUEN EETIRO.

MALTA ...

p blue 1C06

to 1818

pot p color. 180G

&lip

u/ vi/

pot imp 18

MARANS, France ... ... pot p color 1740

Jean Pierre Roussencq

MARIEBERG, Sweden ... pot p colo* 1750& s p


160/256


. c.

Vc c

MARIEBEEG, Sweden

Ehrenreich.

MARSEILLES, France

Also with C. S.

Savy

pot p color 17*

& s p

>

pot p color 1777

pr .,

B

Veuve Pernn

lionnefoy

p black 17C

., p color 176

hp p black 177

&pot


161/256

Factories. 149

DV

MEISSEN, near Dresden, Saxony pet imp 17

Boltger

MENECY VILLEROT, France... op p color 1735Dulce of Villeroy & inc

MIDDLESBOROUGH, Yorkshire pot p blue 1820, the pattern mark imp

MONTET, Franco ...

Laurjorois, manager

MONTPELLIER, France

Le Vouland

pot imp 18

pot imp 18

TAPKHEPt

MONTREUIL, sous bois, Franco h p p blue 18

Tinet

Moscow, Russia ...A. Gardner

h p p color 17


162/256

5 o Pottery and Porcelain

nonoBbi

7*

I^AHHA

Moscow, Russia ...-4.

Popo/.

li p p color 183

) 91

,, F. G. Fabrica Gospodina h p imp 18(The factory of our & pot color

Lady) Galena

e

NANTGARW.

MOUSTIEKS, Franco

Olery

168

p color 172

,, Feraud

GuichardAlso the G only

NANTQARW, AVales

pot p color 173

,, stcn in

dots

h p imp & 181color


163/256

Factories.

NAPLES. See CAPO DI MONTI.

NEVERS, France ...

,, Jacques Bourdv

,, Denis Lefebvre

,, Henri Borne

Jacques Scigne

,, Francois Rodrigue

,Tile mstori ...

pot p color 15

3) It

II >t

>5 S>

1602

1636

1730

1850


164/256

I C2 Pottery and Porcelain

NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE ... pot imp 18

X

NIEDEBVILLER,. near Stras- h p p blue 1760bourg

1

,France & pot

Baron de Beyerle , the

founder

General de Custine ... 1786

,, And other varieties oj the ,,coronet

,, Lanfray, director ... fiten 1802

PBC

Nove

NOVE*

xmp

NIMES, France ... ... potPLantier Boncourant # Co.

183-

NOVE, Italy h p p gold 1750


165/256

Factories.

NOVE. Italy h p p gold 175

or color

NUREMBURG, Germany ... pot imp 155(

Ham Kraut ... ... p blue 1578

,, George Liebolt

NYMPHENBERG, BavariaThe arms of Bavaria

1667

b p imp 1753

,, p blue ,,

NYON, Switzerland ... ,,

Pierre Mulhausen, painter >}

1790

18-


166/256

'54 Pottery and Porcelain

VA


167/256

Factories. '55

IPARIS, France ... ... h p p color 1773

^yV_ Gros

H

A

Manuf - deMM -

Guerliard etliihl a Paris-.

,, Advenir Lamarre

P. A. Hannong

Lelxeuf. Marie Antoinette,

patroness

Houseltook the

factory...

: n

Guerhard

Due d'Angouleme, patron

,, Also the names in full

together and separate.

Nast

1773

Porcelaine de la Reine ... f red 1778

1799

p rod 1780

h p &t red 1783


168/256

Dagoty.

Feuillet

&

F&R

P *


PARIS, France Dagoty ... hp ji ret. 179-

Feuillet ...

J. Petit ... ... h p {. blue 1790

Clianou ... red 1784

Schlossmacher M v gold 187-

PERKENHAMMER, near Carlsbad, hp j> color 1802Austria

Fischer & Reichembach

PlNXTON ... ... Sp80 attributed, but the

factory had no acknow-

ledged marks.

1794

I Pi/ MOUTHThe sign of Jupiter

h p p blue 176-


169/256

Factories. 157

PLYMOUTH ... ... h p p blue 176-

Probably Jupiter carelessly

pencilled

... ... h p p blue 1770

Doubtful

POPPLESDORF, Germany

QUIMPER.Hubaudiere.

17

pot imp 176-

imp 1809

EA'IWNSTEIN, Germany ... hp p blue 1760

REUENSBERU or RATISBON ... h p p bluo 17

Germany


170/256


k

f

I?Apr

fD

X

REGENSBERG, cr RATISBON, bp p bit . 17-

Germany

EOCKINGHAM See SWINTON

ROUEN, France ... pot p color

,, A great many initials are

given byas Rouen marks

EUDOLSTADT, Germany ... h p jicoior 1758

Hay fork, part of theArms of ftchwa'ftzberg


171/256


172/256


ST. CLOUD, France

Trou, director

ST. PETERSBURG, iiussis

pot


173/256

Factories. 161

-4

BPATKEBT*

KopHMAOBblXTi

sx

^L^

ST. PETERSBURG, Russia

Alexander I.

Nicholas . ...

Brothers Korneloffski

,, Alexander II,

ST. SAMSON, France

h p p color 1801

pot imp

1827

1855

183-

SCEAUX PENTHIEVRE, Franco s p inc 1750

^ZsoSP. to 1760

Due de Penthievre. Lord

High Admiral, patron pot p bluo 1751

sp 1753

Sceaux. J.792


174/256


tfe Sevres

SCHAFFHAUSEN, GermanyTobias Slimmer.

SCHLAKENWALD, Austria

pot

hp

p coior 1560

1800

SEVEES, FBANCE.This Factory was removed from Vincennes in 1756.

and, under the patronage of Madame de Pompadour

becamethe most celebrated in

Europe.The

soft past*vases, etc., are now invaluable, owing to their form, colour,

and artistic decoration.

SEVRES, France.

,, Royal period. Sometimes

with crown. The letter

indicates the year. See

TabU.

s p p blue 175

Hard paste first made

Republic

And name only ...

National Manufactory ...

Marlz 1804. SeeTable.

Imperial Manufactory ...

J7C

h & s p colov 179

h p st red 180

180


175/256

Factories. 163

25

JO

Sevres

30

SEVRES, France ...

Imperial Manufactory.

Louis XVIILDated with ttie year of

the century.

Charles X. ...

,, On plain ware

,, On decorated ware

Louis Philippe. From

August to Decemler.

1830, to November, 1831

h p p red 1810

stcn& imp

p blue 1814

1824

1829

1830

p color


176/256


177/256


178/256


AA


179/256

Factories. .67

|SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators, $c.

/*'* Chapui?, aine ... Flowers, Birds, etc.


180/256


^^ SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators,


181/256

Factories. 169

XA


182/256


/#


183/256

Factories. 171

p

? 1


184/256


SEVRES. Initials and Monograms of Decorators, $c.Schadre ... ... Birds and Landscapes.

Sinsson ... ... Flowers.

Swebach ... Landscapes, etc.

Bineb ... ... Flowers.

Vande ... ... Gilding and Flowers.

Mde. Gerard. .

Flowers and Borders.

Hilken ... ... Pastoral Subjects.

Vavasseur . . . Arabesques

Grison ... ... Gilding.

Micaud ... .. Flowers, Vases

Bouillat ... Landscapes and Flowers

Joyau ... ... Detached Flowers.

UNKNOWN.

Figure subjects, finely painted.

Do. do.

On fine ware, with other marks.


185/256

Factories. '73

SEVRES. Maries of Decorators,

Buteux, pere ... Flowers and trophies.

?


186/256

'74 Pottery and Porcelain

#


187/256

Factories.

569-


188/256


M 8.

ASTBTJBT.

E. & J.BADDELEY

I. & G.RlDGWAY.

J. & W. E.

Sincheny.

Noel

Choisy ...

Aubert ...

Martinet . . .

SEVRES. Marks of Decorators, i^c.... Flowers, medallions.

. . . Flowers , trophies .

... Flowers.

The lest Painters, fyc., are n Italics.

SHELTONNew Hall Works

and name Hackwood.

,Miles

,, Baddeley

Bell Works

SINCENY, France

pot pr color 1820

1842

1685

,, imp 17

1750

177-

lo 1816

to 1854

pot p color 1733


189/256

Factories. '77

SPODE.

Porcelar

SINCENT, France

Joseph le Cerf.

,, Moulin

STOKE-UPON-TllENT

,, Minton

On best

,, Gopeland. Copeland $

Garrett, 1833. Cope-

land, late Spode, 1847.

pot p color 177-

1864

pot imp 1770

h p p red

,, p color 179-

h p p gold 185

or color

pr blue 18

pr color 185-

STBASBOUBG, Germany ... pot p blue 17

Hannong removed to & h pFrankenthal, 1754.


190/256

.78 Pottery and Porcelain

M.

PHILLIPS &Co

DIXON & Co.

MOORE & Co.SOUTH WARE.

SWANSEA.

XSWANSEASWANSEA.

-

n p p color 178-

imp 18

And trident only

And with name, Dyllwyn4- Co. sten rod 181-

SWINTON, Eockingham ... h p pr red 17

The Eockingham Crest.

First used about 1824.

Brameld, maker.


191/256

Factories. 79

BF.AJHELD, SWINTON, Buckingham

TOULOUSE, France

Fouque, Arnoux et Cie.

h p pr red 1807

&potpot p color 1820

BOOTH.

CHILD.

. $E. Keeling.

VV. ADAT\IK.

TOUKNAY, Franco ... sp p blue 175-Tour aux oiseaux. Also

a potter's kiln.

V gold

or blue

TOURS, FranceVictor Avisseau.

TUNSTALLAnd name in full Enoch

Booth.

h p p blue 184-

pot imp 1750

17(53

1770

1780


192/256

i8o Pottery and Porcelain

TURIN, Italy ... ... h p imp 1770

Vineuf, Dr. Gioanetti.

t*

Ven?CM

UZES, France

Francois Pichon.

VAL sous MEUDON, France.

Mittenhof $ Mourot.

VABAQES

VENICE, Italy

,, Giovanni Mar cone

pot 18-

179-

& pr

pot p black 1730

or red

h p p red 17

or blue

s p p gold 17

or color

h p p rod 1765

VIENNA, Austria ... ... p blue 1774

The shape of the shield or imp

varies.


193/256

Factories. 181

sVINCENNES, France

The Tower varies.

9> Hannong

s p p ?olor 17

li p 178-

fJSTS'\/l\f VILLENGEN, Nurembergn-/L.l/yVj Hans Kraut.

cSv VOLKSTADT, Germany

VOISONLIEU, France

Jean Ziegler.

WEDGWOOD. WEDGWOOD, Burslem and

Wedgwood.

Etruria.

hp

pot s-t

& imp

15-

17G2

1839

pot imp 175-

A h p 1770

imp 17G8

to 1780


194/256


WORCESTER

This Factory was established, in 1751, by Dr. Wall and

others. The invention of transfer printing on porcelain is

attributed to Dr. Wall, but is also claimed for Sadler, of

Liverpool, and Dr. Pott, of Berlin.

WORCESTER s p p blue 1751or gold

Dr. Wall

Imitation of Chinese marks

Many marks are found inthis

style,in imitation

of Oriental.

p blue

or red

p p blue 17-

or red


195/256

Factories. 183

XWORCESTER

Imitation Dresden marks

p p blue 17

or red

ctfipfit

Flight

and name on


196/256

1 84 Pottery and Porcelain Factories.

RI

WORCESTER ... ... h t> pr 18

,, And Chamberlains only. 178-

., Grainger, Lee $ Co. ... 1800

,, Richard Holdship. A . p color 175-Duorator's mafic. Healso ivorkedfor Derby.

WURZBUKG, Bavaria ... ,, p blui 17

ibsolom Yam. YARMOUTH ... pot^

.Z?,.. orator, also wit''

name inj.^.

ZURICH, Switzerland hp ,)blue 1759

W.C.P.


197/256

Oriental. 1 8

ORIENTAL MARKS.

CHINA.

CHINESE porcelain is said to date from about a century before the

Christian era ; their pottery is of the greatest antiquity, and, like the

porcelain, is of every quality. The oldest example that can now beobtained is of the

Ming period, though,if the marks could be relied

on,there are many pieces of the 10th century still to be found, but marks

are so easily imitated, and Chinese potters are so fond of reproducing

old patterns with marks complete, that very little reliance can be placed

upon them. The best periods of the manufacture of porcelain duringthe Ming dynasty, were

Yun ^ 10 1403 to 1424

Seuen-tih ... 1426 1435

Ching-hwa 14C5 1487

Kea-tsing 1522 15G6

Wan-leih ... 1573 1G19

Egg Shell ware was first made in the Yung-lo period.

The euen-th was famous for all sorts of coloured ware.


198/256

1 86 Pottery and Porcelain.

The Ching-hwa produced the best ware and the finest

decoration. This mark commands larger prices in Europe

-f- H 7 than any other. The dark rich blue of the Kea-tching andthe white granulated surface of the Wan-leili, are very

choice. Old blue China, or Nankin ware, is from the Im-

perial factories at King-te-chin a town of potters named after King-'e,the Emperor, who first patronized the manufactory in 1004-1007. The

ware bore the six mark dates until 1667, when they were forbidden

by an edict from the governor of the province, lest any piece being

broken, the Emperor's name might be profaned by being carelesslythrown on the dust heap. This blue ware was made by direction of the

Emperor, who ordered it to be of the colour of the sky after the winterrains.

The marks on Chinese work are seldom either Factory or Painter's

marks. M. Stanislas Julien gives the mark of a potter of the Wan-leih

period, named Hao-chi-lihieoii, who excelled in writing verses and in

painting ; he appears to have taken religious vows and lived in retire-

, ^, -^ ment; his mark is Ou-in-tao-jin. Ou, the hermit. M.iPf H?. Jacquemart mentions a

six mark, sold by Pei-tcliing,

AH5?made by Kien-ki. Some of those given are no doubt

In3\ makers' names as San-yuh, Mountain of Gems ; but the

marks most commonly found are in four or six characters, and denote

the date of the manufacture.

The six mark may be made out from the table of dates withoutmuch trouble, except from badly formed characters, handwriting beingas varied in China as elsewhere.

Chinese writing is arranged in columns commencing at tne right,

reading downwards. If in a horizontal line it reads from right to left.


199/256

Oriental,

KEEN SEUEN-TA

CHE-TiH-MING

The first and second characters of the six mark showwoo- TA TA

EN- MING the dynasty, thus:

' the third and fourth, the peri od

C/t

E| ifc (

n 'e en haou), name of the years; the fifth signifies/

qpl year, and the sixth J|| made : thus, Ta-Ming, Hung-

woo, neen che. Great Ming (illustrious) dynasty, Hung-woo, years; made. 13G8 to 1398. Or arranged thus, Ta.

Ming, Seuen-tth, neen, che. Made in the Seuen-tih periodof the Ming dynasty. 1426 to 1435.

The next example is

Ta Ts'hing, Yung-ching, neen, die, Great Ts'hing (pure)dynasty Yung-ching period. 1723 to 1735. The

*' four

mark is more troublesome, as it does not give the

dynasty it necessitates a search through the whole list of

dates ; it is read in the same order, thus : King-tillneen, che, made in the King-tih period, about 1004 to

1007.

The square marks called the Imperial Seal, which have

been in use from the beginning of the last century, are

read in the same way; they are written in an archaic

character that is only understood by antiquaries, and

are usually very badly done. In the list given, from thebest examples that could be obtained, it will be seen that

the first, second, fifth and sixth, which should be alike in all, vary

considerably; four mark seals are also given which show similar

variations.


200/256


4

**E

Dates are also written thus : Wan-leih pah r>&n che.

\ Wan-leih eighth year, made 1580.

All these may be known as dates by the last characters,Ween year ; and che, to make, form or fashion.

Sometimes another character is used, Neen tsaou, made

or make.

Ta Ming-she-heen, made in the time of the Great Ming

government. An example was found that probably read

thus : but it was too confused to be read with certainty ;the piece waa modern ware.

Ta Ming neen che, made in the years of the Great Ming.This is also to be found, but is probably a modern mark.

Another mode of dating is by the cycle of sixty years,but as only the year of the cycle is given it does not

identify the period.

24th year ... ... p blue


201/256

Oriental.

One example was written thus-

Woo shin necn chc, 5th year p blue

The first column is called the ten celestial stems, andthe second the twelve terrestrial branches. The twelve branches are the Chinese Zodiac: The Rat, Bull,Tiger, Eabbit, Dragon, Serpent, Horse, Sheep, Monkey,Cock, Dog and Boar. The ten stems are double

characters ; they are allied to the five Chinese elements :

Water, Fire, Wood, Metal and Earth. This system isalso used in Japan and Siam. The 76th cycle commencedin 1864.

if

If ft53

OPT

57


202/256


5m

ISA

The most interesting of these dates is that used ithe year 1721, Yew sin-choiv ne'^n che. Made in the Sinchow year again (recurring). The Emperor Kang-hecame to the throne in the 38th year of the 68th cycle,and died in 1722. He therefore had reigned for a whole

cycle on the recurrence of the 38th year in 1721, a

event unexampled in Chinese history.

In a later example the date is given both by the year

of the Emperor, and the year of the cycle.

T'hung-cJie sJuh urh necn. Kwci yew, 12th year o

T'hung-che. 10th year of cycle = 1874. The llthyear also commences in 1874.

DATES.

TA MING Dynasty

Hung- woo

Keen-wan

Yung-lo

Hung-he

1368

1399

1403

Seuen-te .. 1426

* Ching-t'hung 1436

King-tae ... 1150

* T'heen-shun 1457

'

Ching-hwa ... 14G5

* Some authorities reverse these two periods they both

belong to the Emperor Yung Ching, who was taken

prisoner by the Tartars, and held captive for seven yearf.


203/256


204/256


IMIIII

m$IDJ11

i j/

loP

1*5.1

flluuii

Kang-he... 1662

Yung-ching 1723

Keen-lung ... 1736

Kea-king ... 1796

Taou-kwang 1822

Han-fung ... 1851

T'huvg-che ... 1861

Four Characters.

Ching-hwa... 14;^

Probably a forgery

Shun-che ... 1641

Zeen-Zttnflr ... 1736

Taou-ku-ang 1822

Han-fung ... 185

Thung-che...186

Two Characters-Name only.

r/mnsr-c/tc... 186


205/256

Oriental. 193

BAT.

Fuh, used as a synonym for happiness.

DRAGON,

With five claws, is an Imperial emblem, with four, of

the blood royal, and with three, of the nobility. Lung-

fung, a dragon and a phoenix (divine bird of felicitous

omen), was a mark of the Scuen-to period, 1426 to H35.

FISH.

The two fish, an emblem of domestic felicity, is a

mark usually found on old blue or Nankin ware ; it is

one of the earliest known, from 969 to 1106. Cups with

handles in the form of- a red fish are of the Scucn-tc

period.

FLOWER.

Many varieties of this mark are found in blue and alsoin colours. A sesamuin flower painted under the foot ofa vase, &c., is a mark of Tou-chcou, 969 to 1106.

The Che plant, a kind of fungus, used as an emblem

of longevity.


206/256

Pottery ana Porcelain.

Emblem of longevity.

(?) Bat and peach.

(?) The lotus.

Hoa, a small flower p vnted inside a cup, is a mark of th

Yung-lo period, 14-3 to 1424. It signifies pleasure

a vicious sense.

FLY,

Or Butterfly, ia found on old Nankin.


207/256


208/256


Varieties of Show. Longevity.

OS)

\Jy

CT3

if?

*

/*y _>_^%

\/

03

/03\

*

mva/

/s\

jj

I\/

m

ffl\/

\7

M\y

in

iiFr^

.fj

(il

flm

i

jii

m

t\/

/)If\

AIA

*

/ffiil


209/256

Oriental. 197

mII

Show, is also drawn in circular, oval and elongated forms.

In ^/tow; this form is known as the spider mark.

Happiness, divine protection, felicity.

Also written in many different ways.

ii mmm


210/256


31

DP

Luh

m

Kc'ih

Wan

Hing

(?) Ke

Paou

Ting

Shun

(

Prosperity, wealth, great pos-sessions

A, and

found together.

Prosperous.

Felicity, good luck.

|Jade, a gem, beautiful, precious, valu-

^ able,&c. , known as the F mark, being

I often indistinct, and like that letter.

/ Literature. On articles made for useI literarymen,therulingclass of Cliina.

Exalted, highly esteemed.

A vessel, vase, ability, capacity.

Precious, valuable.

Perfect.

Elegant.


211/256

Oriental. 199

Koo Antique.

Shing Holy.

Tsuen Complete, perfect, a name.

King Good, excellent, congratulations.

Ch'ha Name.

The five blessings : which are long life,

riches, health, the love of virtue, and

a natural death.

Precious or valuable jade.

Yuh chin Jade of great value ; pearl of great price.

/ This is an example of the way marks

I are usually written.

Wan yuh Kare jade.


212/256

2OO Pottery and Porcelain.

m

Chin ivan (A precious rarity.

Choo foo

Keang Cang

Tsaou, fang

Tung gan

Yung ching

A valuable curiosity.Veritable jade. Chin

An elegant rarity. Yew wan

Great prosperity,felicityor good fortune.

Western jade. The best)

jade comes to China > /% yuhfrom the West. )A pivot, and the most

polite expression forthe house of another.Palace of the centreof the universe markused 1260-1367.

Ginger preserved in syrup.

Inexpressibly precious. PaoushingA fruit (colled dates, by

Europeans) in syrupChoiv Chow. Both

marks of the Kea-tsing period, 1 522-66.

The arrival of friends. Yew laeName imp on old ware.Red olive cinnamon. 1

The Tcwei is a me- I

taphor for

honours.

Name p blue on old ware.

literary fTan Jcwei


213/256

Oriental. 201

Trr . , , . f Made to multiply (or increase the stockWei foo china \ L J vI of) veined jasper.

HALL MARKS.There has been some uncertainty as to the exact

meaning of the word tang, but Mr. Franks has ascer-

tained that it means the name of the establishment atwhich the specimens so marked were made.

Jin ho kwan Hall of brotherhood and peace.

Lull e tang Waving bamboo hall.

/ Hall for the honourable reception of

tang ) those who have gone before.I Hall of ancestors.

Made at the Hall of rare jade.

Made at the Hall of brilliant colours.

Kheytih

tang die

Tsae jun

tang che


214/256

2O2 Pottery and Porcelain.

t*

9

CVmw/ tih \

|

tangdie

}

Made at the Hall of virtuous research.

Made at the Hall of f*

advantage.

ll Ulade at the Hall 01

\ e f the jewelled girdle.

Made at the Hall off1 '*** *

abundant jade.(^ tang die

Tze tze \ Madc ftt the Hall of the

tang die Jviolet embroidery.

Made at the Hall ofjTa sh

the great tree. ( tang die

King v-ei } Made at the Hall of wor-

tang die Jsni P ant ^ veneration.

Made at th

A manual of marks on pottery and porcelain

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Transcript of A manual of marks on pottery and porcelain