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HBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

DAVIS

A MANUAL OF.MARKS

ON

_POTTERY AND PORCELAIN

A DICTIONARY OF EASY REFERENCE

BY

W. H. HOOPER AND W. C. PHILLIPS

inutlnn

MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED

NE“! YORK; THE MACMILLAN COMPANY

1898

All rights rcxcmcdmm“

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA‘

DAVTS

RICHARD CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED,

LONDON AND BUNGAY.

First Ea'z'h'on 1876; Second Edition 1877 1 Reprinted 1879, 1886;

with corrections and additions, 1894, 1896, 1893.

PREFACE.

THIS edition has been carefully revised and enlarged

by the addition of many new marks.

When first issued none of the marks of Japan had

been published. At that time information was diflicult

to obtain, and much of it has since been found to be un

reliable; by the kind permission of Sir A. W. Franks

a large number of marks are now inserted, which will

be found to include all the factories of importance.

Being only intended for a pocket-volume, unimportant

factories and unknown marks are left out. For more

detailed information, the works of Brongniart, Chafiers,

Demmin, Jacquemart (admirably translated by Mrs.

Bury Palliser), Marryat, Robinson and others may be

consulted.

The work is divided into four parts; in the first, the

Marks are classed under descriptive heads, as Anchor,

Animal, etc. ; in the second—Majolica—the factories of

Italy are arranged alphabetically; in the third, other

factories of Europe on the same plan ; and in the fourth,

the Oriental Marks are arranged by the number of

characters inscribed.

iv PREFACE.

The Marks on Pottery and Porcelain are of three

kinds—factory, workman, and pattern mark. The first

is usually placed in a prominent position, sometimes

accompanied by the mark of the maker or decorator.

Sévres Porcelain, for instance, often having four or five

workmen’s marks, besides that of the factory. The

pattern mark is-usually a number ,' this is seldom given,

being useless without a description of the pattern

itself.

The Marks, when pencilled or incised, vary very con

siderably ; a difierent hand, a full brush, or a flaw in

the material, all tend to make them unrecognizable ,

even when printed they are often blurred by the action

' of the fire or running of the enamel, and when im

pressed, a shrinking of the wet clay will change or

obliterate them.

IN) *3 X.

Anchor . .

Animal . .

Arrow , .

Axe . . . .

Beacon

Bell

Bird

Bow . .

Butterfly

Caduceus

Circle . .

Claw ..

Crescent

Cross .

Crown

Dome . .

Dot

Ermine

Fish

Bassano

Caffagiolo . .

Caste] Durante

Castelli

Diruta

Faenza

Florence

Forli . .

Genoa.. ..

NpOM

enema-H

\-|

r-lmm0000-1620:

84

84

85

85

85

86

88

89

MARKS.

PAGE

Fleur-de-lys .. 22

Flower 23

Grass .. 25

Hayfork 2.5

Head .. 26

Heart .. .. 26

Horn .. ,. 26

Label .. 27

Leaf .. 27

Letters 28

Lines .. 45

Mitre .. 45

Monograms .. .. 46

Musical Instruments 59

Names 59

Numeral 67

Orb .. 68

Oriental 69

MAJOLICA.

Gubbio .. 89

Lodi 91

Milan .. 92

Montelupo 92

Naples 92

Padua. . 93

Pesaro 94

Ravenna 94

Oval

Palette

Pickaxe

Pipe

Rose . .

Sceptre

Shell . .

Shield. .

Ship . . . .

Square Marks

Star . .

Sun . .

Sword. .

Table . .

Tower..

Triangle

Trident

Vases ..

Windmill

Bimini

Rome . .

Savona

Slena . .

'I‘reviso

Turin . .

Urbino

Venice

PAGE

QQ

~J~q

-~‘1

-1

KOb—l

~1‘1-1-1—1q-1-1

aaefiha-urcw

‘1

Q

79

. 100

vi ,. INDEX.

men

Altenrolhau .. 101

Amstel .. .. 101

Amsterdam.. .. 101

Andennes .. .. 102

Anspach .. .. 102

Aprey . . . . 103

Arnstadt .. .. 103

Arms .. .. .. 103

Baden-Baden .. 103

Bayreuth . . 104

Berlin .. 104

Bordeaux .. 106

Bourg-la-Reine .. 106

Bow . . .. .. 106

Bradwell .. .. 108

Bristol .. .. 108

Brussels .. 109

Burslem . .. 109

Buen Retire .. 110

Caen .. .. 110

Caldas .. .. 110

Capo di Monti .. 110

Caseméne .. .. 111

Castleford .. .. 111

Caughley .. .. 111

Chantilly .. .. 112

Chelsea .. 113

Clignancourt .. 114

Coalport or Coal

brookdale .. 114

Cobridge .. 115

Cologne . .. 115

Copenhagen .. 116

Criel .. . . 117

Damm .. 117

Delft .. .. 117

Derby . 132

Doccia . .. 133

Dresden .. .. 134

Elbogen .. .. 137

FACTORIES.

PAGE

Etruria .. . 181

Ferrybridge .. 137

Florence .. .. 138

Frankenthal . 138

Fulda. . .. 138

Furstenberg . 139

Gem .. .. .. 139

Gotha .. 139

Grosbreitenbach .. 139

Ha ue, The. .. 14-0

Ha densteben .. 140

Hanley .. .. 140

Herculaneum .. 145

Herend .. 141

Hesse Cassel .. 141

Hesse Darmstadt . . 141

Hildersheim . 141

Hdchst . 142

Kid .. .. 142

Kiel .. .. 142

Korzec .. . 142

Kreuzen .. .. 142

Lane End or Long

ton .. .. 143

Leeds 143

Lille .. 143

Limbach 144

Limoges.. . 144

Lisbon 145

Liverpool .. . 145

Lougport .. 146

Loosdrecht . . 146

Lowestoft . . 146

Ludwigsburg 146

Luxembourg 147

Madrid .. 110

Malta .. .. 147

Marans , .. .. 147

Marieberg . .

Marseilles . .

Meissen . .

Menecy Villeroy

Middlesbrough

Montet . .

Montpellier

Montreuil . .

Moscow

Moustiers . .

Nantgarw

Naples

Nevers . .

Newcastle . .

Niederviller

Nimes . .

Nove . . . .

Nuremburg. .

Nymlihenberg

Nyon . . . .

Oporto . .

Orleans

Paris .. . .

Perkenhammer

Pinxton . .

Plymouth . .

Popplesdorf

Quimper . .

Rauenstein

Regensberg or Ra:

tisbon . .

Rockingham

Rouen . .

‘ Rudolstadt . .

Saintes . .

St. Amend ..

St. Cloud ..

8t. Petersburg

PAGE

.. 147

u 148

.,. 149

.. 149

.. 149

.. 149

n. 149

a.. 150

I... 110

I... 152

.. 152

.. 152

.. 152

.. 153

. 153

.. 154'

. 154.

.. 156

.. 156

O O.. 157

. . 157

157

.. 157

.. 178

.. 158

. 158

.. 159

. 159

. 160

PAGE

St. Samson .. .. 161

Sceaux Penthiévre 161

Schaffhausen .. 162

Schlakenwald .. 162

Sévres.. .. 162

,, Table or'nates l63

,, Painters’ Marks 166

Shelton .. .. 176

Sinceny .. .. 176

Stoke-upon-Trent .. 177

Strasbourg .. .. 177

Sunderland .. .. 1713

INDEX.

PAGE

Swansea .. .. 178 Venice

Swinton .. .. 178 Vienna

V'Toulouse .. .. 179 Vifigfigggs

'l‘oumay . . . . 139 Volkstadt

TOUI‘S . . . . . . 119 Voisonlieu

Tunstall .. .. 179 ,

Turin .. .. .. 180 “'edgwoo‘i

Worcester

Uzes .. .. .. 180 Wurzburg

Val sous Mendon . . 180 Yarmouth

Varages .. 180 [Zurich

ORIENTAL MARKS.

Cycle .. .. .. 189

Bat .. .. .. 193

Dates .. .. .. 190

,, Seal .. .. 191

Dragon .. .. 193

Fish .. .. .. 193

Flower .. .. 193

Fly .. .. .. 191

Dates .. .. .. “316

Factories and Wares 218

Akahada .. .. 218

Asahi .. .. .. 219

Awaji .. .. .. 219

Awata.. .. .. 2‘26

Arita .. .. .. 221

Bank0.. .. .. 219

Bizen . . . . .. 220

Hirato . . .. L21

Hezen.. .. .. 221

Hiahu.. . . .. 222

CHINA.

Grass .. .. 195‘

Inscriptions.. .. 195

“Hall” Marks .. 201

Leaf .. .. .. 207

Numerals .. .. 208

JAPAN.

‘Imadon .. .. 2‘23“

I Imuq'i .. .. .. 223

Kaga .. .. .. 223

Kiolo .. .. .. 226

Kiomidzu .. .. 228

Kishiu . . .. 229

Kutani .. . . 2'23

Minato . . . . 230

Mine .. .. .. 230

Raku .. .. . 230

Sada .. .. .. 231

Satsuma .. .. 232

SrtO .. . . . . 232

Rabbit

Sacred Axe ..

1 Shell ..

Square .

Syinbolical 0r

Table . .

Pa-qua.

Seto suké

Soma ..

'1 okio. .

Tuyoura

Tozan. .

Yei'raku

Flower

Inscriptions. .

Leaf

Square

Vase- . .

PAGE

.. 180

.. 180

.. 181

.. 181

.. 181

.. 181

.. 181

.. 182

. 184

.. 184

. 184

. 209

. . 209

. 209

209

naments212

. 214

. 215

. 234

I. 234

.. 235

.. 235

. 235

.. 229

- 236

-- 236

-- 236

- 239

. 240

CONTRACTIONS.

The quality of the Ware is described in the first column,

and the mode of marking in the second, as follows :—

maj. ... Majolica. [ inc. ... ... Incised.

h. p. Hard Paste. ‘l imp. Impressed.

s. p. Soft Paste. , p, Pancz'llcd.

pot. . . . ... Pottery. pr. ... ... Printed.

sten. . . . .._ Stoneilled.

The third column contains the dates,

Pottery and Porcelain iMarks. I

’i‘E’H(6‘0

ANCHOR.

CHELSEA s p imp 174

.. p gold ,H or red ,

N J h H

H I I;

91 ° H I l D

POPPLESDORF pot imp 176

Sonnux PENTHIEVRE s p p blue 176.

Pottery and Porcelain

eEeHblA

<42 —l—'€**

iii—r

@%

SCEAUX PENTIIIEVRE

VENICE

,, This mark varies

very much

COLOGNE ..

Bow

The form and position of

the sword nary.

COALBROOK DALE

DERBY CHELSEA

pot

hp

majt

pot

5P

hp

w

p blue

p red

p color

p blue

p red

p blue

p gel/1

or red

1765

17

17—

173—

1770

Mark“. 3

C M

d} VENICE s p p gold 1']—

Giovanni Marconi 01' color

‘4

tr Woacnsrnn p color 175

M Richard Holdship, decorator

He also worked for Derby

o9qzspo'l’)

I Lousroar ..-. pot imp 1793

., ,, pr blue 1505

Thus road from _

n imperfect impression pot Imp 18—

of name

CALDAS pot imp 18—

' t“ P l' lCALDAS Imita ion of a issy Vare

ORTUGAI.

go(’0 .o

MIDDLEsBonoueH pot pr bluo

imp H

: °*4

3 m

-' I

i -< 20, Pattern mark

2U

4 Pottery and Porcelain

ANIMAL.

Swnc'ron h p p red 1824

The Rackingham Crest.

A MEIsssN pot imp l7—

l NearDresde'n.

h‘ Hessn CASSEL h p p blue 1763

i

AMSTERDAM b p p blue 1772

u - n n n ,

(Ki.

> FRANKENTHAL h p p blue 1754

‘? CHINA 1: p p blue

On old Nomkin Ware.

Kill?

ll‘f .. .. ..

Marks. 5

Widow Sperl. or color 1\ "1758

ARROW.

E Bow s p p blue 173—

H (P) PLYMOUTH 11 p ,, H

/ CAUGHLEY . . h p p blue 17—

R. Lnnns pot imp 177

Also with name Hartley, Green & Co.

PARIS h p p blue 1773

De la Courtille (sometimes called >

Torches)

% v on .n 2: >1 n

AXE. ,

‘ ’ BADEN BADEN h p p gold


BADEN BADEN h p p gold

Widow Sperl. or color

Dr,er pot p blue

Do 31/1 (The Awe)

Justus Broawer

‘9 fl 9’

I! I, v

BEACON.

GENOA muj. p

BELL.

DEL“ pot p blue

De drei Klohlren. (The 3 bells)

7V. Van der Does

This mark caries so much that it

is called Leaf and Arrow head.

1| ' n n

1753

1764

1!

lo—

1764

n

Marks. 7

\ BIRD.

\_

I Q

14 J? AMSTERDAM pot p color 1780

f: Han-tog and Brandeis.

éfig“ ANSPACH h p p blue 1718

Sometimes used without the letter

,| ' II N H

Ssvuns h p 19 red 1810

1st Empire. {iten &

imp

Napoleon III. Emperor h p pr color 1652

LIVERPOOL pot p color 1833

A Liver, the Arms of the Town.

Case, Mort §f Co.


HAGUE (The)

The A rms of.

BUTTERFLY.

On old NankinCHINESE

CADUGEUS.

DunsnrnThis mark varies very much.

Woncnsrnn

In imitation ofDresden

CIRCULAR MARKS.

FAENZA

And other varieties, and also

without the circle

hp

5P

11v

11p

5P

maj.

p blue

p blue

p blue

p blue

p blue

p blue

177

173

1712

1753

Marks. 9

® Hocnsr h p p gold 1720

The arms of the Archbishop of or color

Mayertce.

® ,, Dahl pot p color 1794

D M"

g D Dunn Aschafenberg h p p blue 17-—

Dr:er pot p blue 1691

T’Fortuyn Fortune

99 P. Van der Breil

1fEY .:yY ,, Marti'n'as Gouda pot :1 1675

'3

® ® FLORENCE s p p color l5—

@ The arms of the Medici.

®®® Francis II. A very rare mark.

URBXNO mnj. p color 15——

Orazio Fontana Urbirto fecit.

IO Pottery and Porcelain

h p pr 00101: 1815

@D Gonosnn pot 16...

{PMPQL l MoNTPELIJEn pot imp 18—

u "1

cans?» Lo Vouland.

SIIELToN pot pr color 1820

BERLIN h p pr 1850

Royal Factory

SEVRES h p pr color 1830

The mark was used with the year

date from 1830.

Louis Philippe h p 1834

Mar/es. l l

Suvuna h p pr color 1834

,, Republic 11 p p red 1848

Bunsnmr pot & imp 1768

Wedgwood 8’ Bentley h p

CLAW.

DELFT

4“, De Klaauw (The Claw) pot pblu. 1764

Lambertus Sanderus.

1’ ,1 I) i.

II '. 0! II

'— -' n ‘

' 92'0

1‘2 Pottery and Porcelain

CRESCENT.

Cancnnnv

And without name.

Woncn's'rnn

UmmmAlso with the initials E. F. B.

NAPLES

Woncssrsa

h p.

5P

maj.

maj.

hp

p blue 1750

p blue 1751

or gold

p blue 1594

p blue 17—

p blue 1783

.Mark;.

13

4. ex

.1. .1+

MARIEBERG, Sweden

Ehrenreich,

CROSS.

BRISTOL

Funm ,.

VARAGES ...

Dnnsnnn ...

COPENHAGEN

CASEMENE

pot & pcolor 1750

Sp

1,

hp

hp

pot

hp

hr

pol

n 1759

p in 1773

color

9 blue 1763

p bltcrc 1730

or red

p blue 1720

p color 1772

imp 18—


BOURG-LA-REINE 11 p

Le Chappelet.

BIus'roI. b P

TURIN Vinenf h p

Dr. Gioanetti.

CROWN.

Bassnno maj.

Also with the signature of

Antonio Terchi 51/ B" Tet-chi

CASTELLI mai.

ST. PETERSBURG h p

Alerander I.

,, h P

Alexander II.

p color

imp

p color

p color

p blue

or color

p blue

or color

1773

1770

1540

16—

1801

1865

Marks.

Panrs

Porcelaine de la Reine(Antoimtte)

VENICE

DERBY

BRUSSELS

Woncns'rnnBarr, Flight 8" Barr.

NAPLES

Crown of various shapes.

sometimes B.G.

SEVRES Charles X.

11:1

maj

5P

hp

hp

maj.

hp

I s

p red 1778

17—

p gold 177

p color 18—

irnp 1807

p 16—

'” blue 1829

[6 Pottery and Porcelain

& color

3: ' is(:19 ESE 5 \ SEVREs Charles X. h p p blue 1820

o 30 9

$ LUD\VIGSBURG h p p blue 1758

Also attributed to

m BUEN RETIRO s p p color 176

Madrid. Carlos III. & pot

® Lunwmsncne h p p blue 1758

I Initial of Duke Charles

% NIEDERVILLER h o p blue 1786

3 De Custine, director 8‘ p°t

m n l ' n u

E URBINO maj. ,., 16—

(P) Luca Cambiasi

% Hocns'r h p p gold 1720

.~.____.___._

Marks. I 7

‘g PARIS h p p blue 1769

CP Charles Philippe, Comte

d’Artois, patron

® FRANKENTHAL .. h p p blue 1761

£4 Carl Theodore '

‘ W DERBY h p p red or 1780

g Dueshury violet

%) ,, with monogram D K

.;><_- Duesbur'y and Kean ,, ,, 1798

'9 1

>2 ,, also without crown ,, n ,,

,, Stevenson 7} Hancock ,, ,, 186

% Hxnnnnsrmm m ,,. h p p blue 1760


~§ti<r58*@t338Ed}

at@a

FULDA

Caro n1 MONT], Naples

Ferdinandus Rea

PARISDihl and Guerhard

HESSE DARMSTADT

ST. PETERBBURGNicholas I.

SinnersLouis-Philippa

CLIGNANCOUBT ... ...

hp

5?

hr

hp

hp

hp.

hr

p blue

p color

p red

p blue

p color

imp or

pr color

at red

1763

1780

1780

1756

1825‘

1845

1780

Mar/es. I 9

® BUEN RETmo, Madrid sp p color 176

D

J1 Lu753.23 .MABIEBERG, Sweden pztprlt p color 1750

www

N n i) H 1’

MBW

@ am In Mom, Naples s p p red or 1759

(‘9 blue

% ,, n- n n V n

N & imp

In SiavaEs. Napoleon III. s& p color 1854

In this year the mamufacture h p

5%“ of soft paste was resumed

>/<= SAVONA. (P) Guidobo'no maj. ,, 16—

JVZG -

ORLéAns .,, .,. pot p color 1753

C38

20 Pattery and Porcelain

ST. PETERSBURG. Paul I. h p p color 1796

DRESDEN h p p blue 1750

Sachsiche Porzellen Manufacture5553+éél§@121%

LUDWIGSBURG h p p blue 1806

OPORTO h p gold 1790

Vista Allegra or color 1

WORCESTER h p p color 1793

filly/gm”, Flight and Barr

:9" .$ 6 LIVERPOOL pot 1mp a 1796

g 3 pr color

DOME.

FLORENCE .,. s p p color 1580

A rare mark

Marks.'2 1

3 DOT.

"o * LIMBACH h p p 1761

O

o

0 0° URBINO ti: FAENZA mnj. p 16

o

ERMINE.

:1 STOKE-ON-TRENT .. h p p color 185—

Minton & gold

FISH.

ac. ’r/ @ GENOA maj. p 16—

w N‘zon h p p blue 1790

LILLE .. h p sten & 1784

The Dauphin. Patron p red

CHINA h p p blue 969

Old Nankin ware to 1106

This mark varies much


CHINA h p

n u. ”

FLEUR‘DE-LYS.

Bow sp

Caro m MONTI, Naples s p

Removed to

BUEN Rn'rmo, Madrid ,,

MARSEILLES pot

I, U

ROUEN n

p blue 969

to 1106

I! ,1

p blue 173—

p blue 1736

,, 176—

pr color 1777

P In u

p 00101- 1542

u u- ... u T) I

Marks. 23

% ST. 0mm) s p imp 1702

Sevres Siwnns h p p blue 1830

50

FLOWER.

CHINA. (P) Sesamum h p p color 1403

to 1424

w ,, .. ,, 9 red 1426

& gold to 1435

$5 a: H - n n n

,, (P) Emblems of longevity ,, 1) blue

%%

[Ii/use maer am from, old

Namk'in ware,- date un

ce'rtvlin


CHINA h p p blue

at.

JAPAN. On old and modern

ware in imitation of old

Nanhin patterns h p "

tierask

_/,Rn I»

ks

Marks. 2 5

Also Wonons'rsr

GRASS.

\I CHINA. This mark is known

3“ as the “ Grass Mark,” but it

is meantfor a water plant h p p blue 960

to 963

,, u. -- u n n

I

” ..- n n n

,..

y n "' '" 1: H n

HAYFORK.

Rnnonsmn'r h n 11 0010: 1758

O

.0 . .. ,, p blue, .,

\< 11

Pottery and Parcelai n

HATCHET (see AXE).

HEAD.

DELFT

HEART.

Mous'rmns. Olery

NAPLES

ST. SAmsou

HORN.

CHANTILLY

LUDWIGSBUB:

on

pot

pot

maj

pot

5})

hp

p color

p color

p blue

or imp

p red or

blue

17—

_

10—

183—

1725

1758

Marks. 2 7

titties“er5

LABEL.

OnLnANs h & p color 1753

Gerault Daraubert s p

LEAF.

BERLIN

This mark is frequently painted

in green or gold over the Berlin

sceptre on damaged pieces

GROSBREITENBACH h p p color 1770

,, Sometimes a mere flourish ,, ,, ,,

CHINA h p p blue

A great variety of leaves are

found on old Nankin ware,

the mark was imitated by

Dr:er and other factories


CHINA.

(P) Bamboo leaves, mark of a

Factory in King-te-chin

JAPAN. On were painted with

Chinese patterns

LETTERS.

PARIS. Le boeuf

ANSPACH. This mark varies

'very much and sometimes

looks like crossed swords

A is alsofound on Bow ware

hp

hp

hp

p blue

p blue

p rec

p blue

1573

1619

177

1718

Mark: 29

I DELFT pot p blue 1764

'7 D De Griekse A (The Alpha)

‘5 J. T. Dickst'raat or Dexfra

I

4%—

Pwvw? n " u I, n u

‘ DELFT pot p blue ,,

A K De Witte Stew (The White Star)

' ‘ A Kiell

* I, ' ’3 n I)

AK 7

N ALTENROLHAU h p &, imp 1829

A- . A Nowotny Director pot ‘

URBINO maj p 160

A Alphonso Patanazzi

AR ARRAS s p p blue 1782

11ij H

37M DEI-FT .,. pot p ‘ I?“

Z 1)


BB

w

wilt

WORCESTER

Barr. B is also on Bow ware

MARSEILLES

Bonnefo'y

DELFTI. Brouu'er

SAINTES ..

Attributed to Bernard Pallissy

BRISTOL

GUBBIoMaestro Giorgio

Lnxmmonno

Bock

Bound LA Roms:

DELFT ... "

11D

pot

pot

pot

hp

maj

pot

&hp.

5 P

& pot

pot

1110

p color

p blue

p color

p color

p color

p blue

p blue

1793

1769

175

1538

1773

15—

1806

1773

Marks. 3 l

pot p blue 15—B BRYREUTH not p blue

8' DELFTf (?) Berghem

DELFT pot p blue

0 D (?) Van der Does."

176ST. PETERSBURG h p h

c c Catherine

h p p 0010!: 1744BAYREUTH

pot p blue 17—

@l

#- DELFT — u. -

De Pacmw (The Peacock)

. ? C el' B umc stem ( ) om ws 0 e r

h p p blue6.2 COALBROOK DALE

h p p red 1773(,1) LIMOGES .. ‘ ,, I784

PARIS

cal-L Oha/nou

1787

3: Pottery and Porcelain

*c + SINCENY .. pot p color 177

+ S + Joseph to Ce'rf

DERBY s p p red 1756

$ Dnesbnr'y

CAUGHLEY '

.D (A Crescent, not a, Letter, h p p blue 1750

though often mistaken for

one)

LILLE pot vp color 174

Dorez _

@D Room: pot Ip color 15—

DELFT pot p blue 1764,

DEX (do Grtekse A) (The Alpha.) ‘

T. Dextm

b]; K DELFT pot p blue ,,

- (de Dubbetde Schenkkan)

4 (The Double Can)

V MENIJ‘CY VILLEROY a p p color 1735

D Due de Villero'y, patron &1 inc

Q ST. PETERSBURG ... h p p blue 1762

v Catherine Ii

Marks. 33

g ST. PETERSBURG h p p blue 1762

nK P. Kornilofi'e

m E MARIEBERG pot p color 1759

\/“ Ehrenreich, director & s P

14 ‘6'

DELFT pot p 1764

E B S T’ jorzgue Moriaans Hofl't

(The young Moors head.)

BRISTOL h p p color 1773

I (Imitation Oriental.)

F FLORENCE .. maj ,, 17—

(A late mark on Fine Pottery.)

‘ FAENZA mad , 14.—

E -s\ (Many varieties of the letter

("‘8 found.)

ad FURSTENBERG h p p blue 1750

,, ... I" Q! a

3‘ F is also found on Bow wars

DELFT .- pot p blm

34Poltery and Porcelain

1wFeb/4

FDV

N

H

EP1611

FR

F8<R

{ISL

|536

G 1

URBINO. Xanto

Mous'rmns. Fe'raud

NAPLESFab. del Vecchio, Napoh'

FLORENCE. For Firenze

Unnmo. Patanazzi

NEVERS

PERKENHAMMER. Fischer &

Reichembach

GUBmo m

CAFFAGIOLO. G is found on

Bow wan

maj. p color

pot p color

muj. imp

& h p

maj. p

maj. p

pot p color

h p »

maj. ,,

II I

15—

178

17- -

1608

1730

1802

1536

L507

Marks.35

g G

6-B-c

GOG

"179

MIE,I:r:

NAPLES. Gtustiniani ...

GumGOTHADELFT ... ...

n ‘“ '

,, Toude Moa-iaans Hoflt.

(The old Moor’s head)

Geertrny Verstetle.

STRASBOURG. Hannong

Puma. Ha/rm-ong

NEVERS. Henri Borne

DELFT. Jacobns Haldea'Adr'iens

500“ ...

maj.

hp

pot

n

pot

hp

&pot

imp 85

p color

p blue

p red

p blue

p color

7_ p color

p color

17—

1780

175—

1764

1752

1773

1765


H . F NAPLES Ina-j. p 17—

? DELFI‘ ... ... pot p red

9 iv a;

o a. o,‘

NUREMBERG not p blue 15—

Hans Kraut Villingen

H DELFT pot p blue 1764

4 Hendrick Van Hoorn

DELFI‘ pot p blue ,,

T’Hart (The Hart)

Hendrick van Miadeldijh

IAG LISBON pot imp 18—

1 DM DELFT pot p blul. 1764

\-_\_ (P) JaCobus de Mildo

J K)g DELFT ... pot p blue

W

Marks. 37

I K DELFT .. pot p blue 1680

*0 Jam Kuylich

I p (P) PESABO. (F) In Pesaro maj p

I

DELFT pot p blue 1764

E2 De Griekse A (The Alpha)

7 J. T. Dikstraat or Deactra.

lw DELF'I‘ u as

J Dunn ,, ,,

' PARIS h p p blue 1790

Jacob Petit

LIMOGES pot p red 18»

J. Pouyat

VOISONLIEU pot at color 1835

Jean Zeigler I & 1m?

Dmu'r Pot P blue

(9) Jam KuyT/ich


(PK

DELFTJan Kwylich

KIELBuck/would, director

A. Lethamer, decorator

DRESDEN

DELFT

LIMBAGH

MONTELUPOGiven by Jacquemart, Wolf's

Brush

BRUSSELS

L. Cretté

DELFTDe La/mpetka/n (The Pitcher)

Widow G. Browwer

pot

hp

pot

hp

maj.

hp

pot

p blue

p gold

or color

p blue

p red

p color

p blue

1680

177 -

1761

1791

1764

Marks. 39

BonnEAuxLahens and Rateau

DELFT(7) Van Dammelar

CAFFAGIOLO

SINCENY

Moulin

PAnIsMorel a Paris

GUBBIOMaestro Giorgio

” no

,,Loosnrmon'r

Manufactur oude Loosdrecht

Moll director

11p

pot

mini

pot

hp

maj

be

p color

p blue

1)

p color

p blue

M

p blue

8: imp

18—

15—

1864

1773

15

1772

Potter] and Porcelain

'52?

N,

05}?

O

1?

CrownRocha Sea/re

DELFT

Lambertus Cleflius

DELFTNEVERS ...

GUBBIO

Vincent'io or Cencio son of“

Maestro Giorgio

GUBBIO

BOURG-LA-REINE

LILLE ‘ ..Petit

De Metaale Pot (The Metal Pot)

pot p gold

or color

pot p blue

Pot ,.

pot p color

111115 P

' N

h p p blue

pot p color

1639

15—

153

1773

1778

Marks. 4,:

.P p LIVERPOOL ... pot p gold 1760

Pennington & h p or color

& imp

PINXToN I p p color 1791

P These letters are ascribed to

PP Pinaton, but the ware was

seldom marked

[P GUBBIO maj p 15—

’ ?Maestro Perest'ino

I! DELFT pot p

m CAFFLGIOLO maj p 15—

PA ROUEN pot p color 15—

PB C NIMES ,, imp 183 -

Plantier, Bonconrant 4' ()0.

PP ROUEN pot p color 15—

f“W DELFT on m pot p blue 1764

' P '0 Doom

4.2 Pottery and Porcelain

\D‘B DELFT pot p blue 1691

Q: P van der Breil

PVM Dr:er pot p blue 1764

-—F- P mm Meemm

gfii, ‘ DELFT ., P brown

Q MARSEILLES pot p black 1777

R Robert 85 h p

R REGENSBERG on RATISBON h p p blue 17%

,, h p p blue 17—

R—n Rsumnsrmm h p p blue 1760

R$ DELF'I.‘ pot ..

R'VHL COLOGN'I ... pot p blue 16—

WT‘

Marks. 4.3

S CAUGHLEY h p p blue 1750

Salopiam,

S SGHLAKENWALD h p p color 180\

'80 SINCENY pot p color 1733

SEVBES on white ware h p pr green 1833

., m Scratch denotes that

the piece left the factory

undecorated. ,, n 186 .

ST. CLOUD pot & p blue 173—

T Trou Director 5 p

S X Scmux PENTHIIVRE a p inc I750

fi Vmuc: maj p color 15—

Ven - & h p 17_

BERLIN h p p blue 1751

8

Wegeley, founder

+4Pottery and Porcelain

552

PLYMOUTH

Probably the usual

sign Jupiter,

pencilled

WORCESTER

’1

And others in

oriental marks

DELFT

De Twee Wildem

Savages) Willem Van Beek

DELFT

Widow van der Briel

URBINO

F”; Xanto

n

hp

sP

pot

pot

mud

maj

mad

p blue 176

p blue 1751

H n

p blue 1764

p blue 1764:

p 15—

X p blue ,

N red lustre

P u

Marks. 4.5

’ o

flg" Gnnnro ... ..- mai P 15

% Zunrcn h p p blue 1759

Dunn .. .. pot p 1765

Z‘ DEX: Deatra zoon

LINES.

' ALT HALDENSTEBEN h p imp 17—

”— CoqrieNgaoniu th t d h p p blue 1772

’0' can , e grea an'

little Belts

S ST. Pnrmnsnum h p p blue 17—

—

_- ,, ,- ., ,,

MITRE.

WURZBUBG h p p blue 17-


wfiitogééee‘oe

MONOGRAMS.

LILLE e.

AMSTERDAM or AmstelDaeuber director

PARISGros Caillou Advemlr Lamarre

D1:er

ANDENNESA Der Vamdor Woart

MoscowA Gardner

GUBBIO

Giorgio Andreoli

DELYI.‘De witte Ster (The White Star)

A K'ielle

pot

hp

hp

pols

pot

hp

maj

pot

p color

p blue

p color

p blue

imp

p color

1) blue

178

1773

1774

18—

17—

1519

1537

1764

Marks. 47

K4 Durmr pot p blue 1764

A Kielle

“A ,, n a »

A m m u. » SI n

R Moscow h p p color 1830

A Popoflr

R APREY m ... Pot P black 1750

W n ... I" n. n n 1!


R De twee Scheepjes (The two

Ships) Ant Pennis

A] Moscow h p p color 1830

A Popofl

DELFT ... pot p blue 1680

Keyser & Pynaker

g ., -.. '0' u. n I! n

.1;oo

Pottery and Porcelam

$§A>Ee§¥§®%

1

T\

\

DELFTKeyser 4‘ Pynaker

DRESDEN

Augustus Rex

DRESDEN

A modem mark

PARISReverend

DELFT

ANSPAGH 0r Frankenthal

.T. A. Hannong

TOUR-sVictor Avisseau

NEVEBSJacques Bou'rdu

pot

hP

pot

hp

hp

pot

p 00101

p blue

p blue

& imp

p blue

p color

1680

1709

18—

16-—

16—

184

1602

Marks.49

eelwr‘éie'

Consume

"6%“"52

‘Luxmmouse VBoch

NIEDERVILLERBeyerle' founder

MARANS

Jean Pierre Roassencq

NYONPierre Malhausen decorator

COALBROOK DALI

UnamoA uim'ilar mark is dated 1549.

STOKE-ON-TRENT

SEVRES .5.

Charles K.

11!)

maj

11p

hp

p color

p blue

p color

p blue

p blue

pr color

p blue

l 1806

l \1760

1740

18—

1787

15— ~

185—

1824

Pottery and Porteloz'n

DRN

“'2.

we

VENICEProbably Gia/n Andrea and

Pietro Bertolini

COALBROOK DALE

DIRUTA ...PARIS m

Ghanou

URBINO

Nicolo d’ Urbino

DELFTDe Paanw (The Peacock)

Jaeobus do Milde 1764

maj

hp

mai

hp

maj

P

p blue

precl

p blue

15—

1787

1784

15-—

1651

. Marks. :1

Dihl <9 Guerhard, Duo d’An

m DIEUTA maj p 16—

EL' FLORENCE maj p 14—

FAPEBAT

ELF NEVERS ... pot p color 1636

Den/[s Lefebvre

55' DELPI‘ pot p blue 1680

Johannes Mesch

.AZA URBINO maj ,, 16—

% Tounowsm pot p 0010! 1820

Fouqué Amom: & Co.

g % LILLE p01: p color 1729

F. Boussemart

KREUSSEN ... pot p color 1610

Caspar Vest 1500

Ha/ns Christophe Vest

fl PARIS . . h p p red 1780

gouléme patron


.7 NUB‘EMBERG ...

George I/tebolt

DELFTDe dre'i porcele'y'ne Fleschjes

(The 3 porcelain bottles)

Hugo Browwer

NUREMBEEGNAPLES >DELm‘Jam Jan zoon Kwyblbh

H "l u“

NoammnmneHa/na Kra/at

STRASBOU’RG & FRANKENTHAL

Pout Hartmmg

pot p blue =

pot ~p blue

pot imp

moi p

pot p blue

7) 1|

pot p blue

pot p blue

& h p & inc 7

1667

' 1764'

17—

1680

)1

15—

17—

» .mrkI-s

eknewew§

GUBBIO H .3.

Hiqaolltto Rombariotti

Srmsnouxo & FRANKENTHAL

Hannong

FRANKENTHAL & STRASBOURG

‘ J. ($- P. Hannong

NEVERBJacques Seigne

NIEDEBVILLEB

Lamfray

anucn (P)

PumaGros Caillou

17—

1802

176—

n

I _1773


SEVRES

The letter indicates the date

See Se'wes

“- "

Louis XVIII.

Mows'rmas Olery

REGENSBERG or Ratisbon

Cor.on

HEREND ...

Maurice Fischer

DELF'I‘De Metaale Pot (The Meta]

Pot)

51!

hp

pot

hp

hp

pot

p blue

p blue

p 0010:

p blue

p blue

p blue

p blue

1753

1814

1839

Marks. 5 5

we FAENZA . mod p 154

\W‘

W “' '" N I! i,

W n In on n n

Umamo mad p 15—

N'icolo d‘ Urbino

haStho


Q Kle'yuove’n

ISM I

Unamo maj p 15—

I- ’ Orazio Fontcma,

CLIGNANCOURT h p at red 1775

26") {1” Monogram of the patron Louis

9‘, Stam'slas Xam'er Comte (a

Provence

Dunn . pot p 16—

(7) Philip Wouvermam


ngeggeed

DELFT pot

J. Pynaker, O. Keyser o A.

P'ynaker

DELFT pot

De Romeyn (The Roman)

Peth 'van Meemm

DELFT pot

P van der Briel

DELF'I‘ .. pot

De porceleyne Fles (The por

celain bottle) Pieter ran

Doorrw

SEVRES h

Re'publique Franeaise & S p

GUBBIO maj

(t) Salimberw

Couumoox DALE .. h p

Caughley Swansea 4' Nantgarw '

p blue ' 1680

p blue 1764

\4

,, ' 1691

p blue 1764

p color 1792

p 16—

'1861

Marks. 57

fl DELF'I pot p blue 165-—

Sa/muel Piet Roerder

$ DIRUTA mag' p I6—

; CAFFAGGIOLO maj p 15—

a a I ,9 ,’ I,

L ) ST. AMAND pot p 175

Fauquez

3Q STOKE-ON-TRENT h p p blue 179—

M M'inton or red

. 1} CASTELLI maj p 17—

' Sa/uerio Grue


kw?

Suter van der E've'n


fifizfl§$$$

0 l

eéfiz'e

SCHAFFHAUSENTobias Stim'mar

FAENZADELFT .. .Antoni Ter Hmnpelin

NEVERSTite Ristori

DELFTJan ran der Kloot Jan Zoon

DELFT .. ..

(P) Van der Even

,9 n. "

PESARO(P) Giovanni Vejaso

MARSEILLEBVeuve Perrin

pot

maj

pot

pot

pet

pot

maj

pot

p color

p blue

p color

p blue

p blue

p black

1660

15—

1650

1850

1764

1580

15—

1760

Marks. 5 9

"R URBINO muj p blue 16—

DELFT pol; p blue 1764

“D (1’) ann der Does

= a MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS.

CHINA h p p blue

Nankin ware

NAMES.

w. Adm, TUNSTALL pot imp 1780

Astbury. SHELTON ... pot imp 17—

Elliot), " pot imp 1750

Bgiiign‘l' LANE END pot imp 18—

Bul99“?“ FAENZA ... mod p 15—

in,Guam

372735,?“ Woacns'rm h p pr 1807

6o Pottery and Porcelain

Enoch Booth:

p wBra/Imelda

BPATbEB'b

KOPHHAOBBIX'JS

ammo/r

iiOIardMCho ffer:

Chamberlain.

GMld.

Christian.

TUNSTALL

SWJNfron

DELFTVerboom painter

ST. PETERSBURG

Korneloflski Brothers

SWANSEA

LIVERPOOL

WORCESTER

TUNSTALL

Lrvmwoon

60W _Cou.rmoox DALE

' l

pot

h P

&pot

pot

hp

hp

pot

hp

pot

pot

hpr

' imp

pr red

p color

pr colon

p color

p color

p color

& imp

imp

p blue

1750

1807

1680

1v827

178—

1751

178

1763

1765

1787

Marks. 61

.—-,-—-._. -.___..__

Copeland.

Dagoty.

Davenport.

Dihl.

bONfiIORSIO

1e39

\Dléilv

Eastwood.

Elers.

Feuillet.

STOKE-ON-TRENT

Copeland and Garrett, 1833

Copeland, late Spade, 18417

PARIS

Loneron'rPlums...FAENZA (P)

DunnDe porceleyne Schootel (The

porcelain plate)

J. 'van Dunn

HANLEYBmwmm'.

hp

& pot

hp

pot

hp

maj

pot

pot

pot '

hp

imp

p red

imp

p red

p blue

imp

p red

1847

179—

1793

1780

1489

1764

179

1690

179


Flight.

Flight 7} Barr

Flight, Barr

& Barr.

KZlCAm an:

(I) l‘

TyAI/IHA

I'APM'IE P'b

Ginori.

' [fm'emi

I‘QN

Grainger, Lee

& Co.

GRATAPAGLB

FE:TAVR

Guerhard et

Dihl.

WORCESTER.

,, .u

DELFTT. Fortuyn (Fortune)

P van der Breil

MoscowGalena. Fabrica Gospodina

The Factory of our Lady)

MoscowGardner

Doccu

NAPLESGiustiniani Brothers

WORCESTER.

TURIN (so attributed)

PARIS ... .1..

hp

pot

hp

& pot

hp

Sp

maj

hp

muj

be

p color 1783

n 1793

,, 1807

p blue 1691

imp’ color 18—

imp 17—

imp 1735

imp 1?,

p red 1800

p 17—

st red 1780

Marks.

Hackwood.

Harley.

Heath.

lIe'rcuZaneu/m.

T. 4- J.Holl'ins.

Housel.

A.&E.Keel'ing.

KiEB'b

I 5

Hans/1’I'duf

1578

Lakin & Poole.

J. Lockett.

Mason’s

Ironstone

China.

SHELTONLANE END

DERBYLIVERPOOL

Summon

PARIS“ De la reine ”

TUNSTALL

KIEF

NUBEMBERG

HANLEY

LANE Em)

HANLEY, Lane Dolph near

pot

pot

&hp

pot

pot

hp

pot

pot

pot

pot

pot

pot

imp

mm

film

imp

imp

p color

imp

p color

p color

imp

imp

pr color

1809

1760

1796

18—

1770

178—

1578

177—

17—

1813

o4'


E. Mayer. HANLEY pot imp 177

May’ &Newbfl‘. LANE END pot imp or 18—

pr color

T_ Maven Sroku-ou-TBENT... pot imp 182

Mm-gh. ‘ HANLEY pot imp 178

B06

“95"? STOKE-ON-TRENT ... h p pr 18—

Farcelam

WWW

Nash PARIS h p st red 1783

New)“ HANLEY .. pot Imp 178

Neale. " ' - PM? imp 177G

Neale & Cc, " - -- n a, 1778

, N DELFT ... pot p blue 1651

)Wuw

'&Pennington LIVERPOOL h p unp 1760

&V pot p color

Lonerom‘ pot impPhillips. l

Marks. 6 5

Phillips & Co. SUNDERLAND pot pr color 1780

B. Plant. LANE END pot imp 177—

Moscow .. h p p color 1830

HOIIOBbl A Popofl:

pom/at & PARIS h p p red 1773

ltussinger. De la Courtille

Reid <9 00. LIVERPOOL .. h p imp 175

Rockingham. SWINTON pot imp 1757

& h p

Sadler&Green. LIVERPOOL .. pot pr color 1756

& h p '

William Sans. BURSLEM pot imp 167-}

“Na! SEVRES s p at red 1803

S Ewes National Factory

Mlméfi ’7 h p st red 1806

desev‘rei Imperial Factory

66 Pottery and Porcelain.

Jm Szvmzs .. s p p color 1792

Republic

Shaw. LIVERPOOL pot imp 170—

It. Shawe. BURSLEM .. pot imp 173—

Shorthose. HANLEY .. pot imp 1770

Shorthose & ,, . pot imp 18—

Heath.

T. SNEYD. ,, pot imp 18—

SPODE, STOKE-O N-TREN'I.‘ pot imp 1770

h p p red

Steel. Bone:me Pot’ imp ls—

.»8’2'8377/ DELFT .. pot p 1650

THA'KI ,, pub p 1764.

wHoMAg BURSLEM ... pot in relief 1670

T01? T Also Ralph Toft

TURNER. LANE END pot imp 1276

Wflaalc'

1769

%)W1)!”

Voyez.

Aaron Wood.

Enoch Wood.

lVoocl d!

Caldwell.

WEDcwoon.

chdgwood 11

Bentley.

Wedgwoodg-Co

DELFT ..

7!

Common

BunsmmI!

’1

,.

$7

Fconrnnmez

NUMERAL.

CAuommYThere are many other numerals

thus pencilled, to resemble

Oriental marks

{Jot

pot

pot

pot

pot

h P

& pot

11 p

& pot

hp

imp

imp

imp

p blue

67

1660

1769

1773

1750 '

1783

1790

175—

1768

177


l MALTA... pot

4i NEVERB pot

O

PLYMOI'TH h p

This mark, the sign of Jupiter,

Q] i is often considered as 2, 4

I. joined

‘2 ST. CLOUD pot

B B J. B. Chicannoau

‘8 DELFT pot

‘

____

é ORB.

BERLIN h p

KPM

|

I;1 SAVONA maj

1'. L 5

p color

p blue

p color

[1 blno

'18—

176—

1700

1830

Marks.

A

¢|cg.

rare%c%%e

GUBBIO

ORIENTAL.

CHINA

l 011] Nankin ware. Sacred axe

Precious things. Instru

ments of writing

Kwei, or emblems of in

Mandarin

Luaj

hp

u

p blue

7O Pottery and Porcelain

%i5951m)?

CHINAInstrument used as a. tuning

fork

DELFTIn imitation of the ‘ six mark ’

OVAL.

ANDENNESB. Lammens 49' CO.

UzcsFrancois Pichon

(?) VENICEOn modern ware

MONTETLanrjorois

PEBARO AND r'AENZA

hp

pot

pot

pot

ma.)

pol;

moi

p blue

p blue

imp

imy

.mp

18—

18—

18—

18—

lo—

Marks. 7 |

’@;‘ PESARO AND FAENZA maj p 15

VAL sous MENDON’ pot imp 179

Mittenhofl" rs- Monrot & PT

COLOGNE pot. p blue 16—

PALETTE.

PARIS .._ h p p gold 18-—

\ Schlossmacher I

PICKAXE.

R LEEDS pot p color 1770

PIPE.

x ARNSTADT pot p color 176—

‘ ' n m n h n

% VINCENNEF . h p ,, 178

\


ROSE.

@ CAUGIILEY ... .. b p p color 179!)

J. Rose & CO.

9 DELFT pot p blue 176;

@ De Roos (the Rose), Dirk van

der Does

@ n I, m ,1 'I II

DVD

SCEPTRE.

BERLIN h p p blue 176*

i g, .... ... n- n n I'

\

SHELL OR HELMET.

“% CHINA 11 p p blue

Marks 73

élcrmemifiéi

CHINA .. h p p blm

" u. -u u- “ n

SHIELD.

ANSPACH b p p blue 1718

NYMPHENucno h p imp 1758

SAVONA maj p 16—

Sometimcs with initials G.

A. G., (7) Gian Anto. Guillo

bone, G. S. 4' B. C'.

,, Girolamo Salomono

74Pottery and Porcelain

SAVONA

DELFTVOLKSTADT

TURINAnd Shield alone with Cross.

Arms of Savoy

VlENNA

SHI P.

COBRIDGE

SQUARE MARKS.

CHINAFor other Square Marks, see

Oriental, used also by

VVORCESTER. and DRESDEN

maj

pot

hp

mej

hp

pot

hp

p red

p color

imp or

p blue

p blue

p blue

16—

1762

15—

1774

18—

Marks.7 5

r3] DRESDEN‘ .. l1 p { blue 17—

Imitatton Oriental

g ,, On Bb'ttger ware n h 11

AH

“ URBINO maj p 15—"I

‘91-: Orazio Fontana

.2 ,, ,, In Greek Characters ., ,, ,,

STAR.

* DocCIA s p p color 1735

* NOVE h p p gold or 1750

color

9]/\_ DELFT pot p red

76 Pan”), and Porcelain

SUN.

ST. CLOUD pct pblue 1702

&sp

SAVONA .. .v. 1‘15 .- 16—

A —

SWORD.

CAUGHLEY h p g qun 1750

L)

.. u .. 1730

>S<

x DRESDEN ... h p p blue 172

Marks. 77

71%

.uz><Iz><><|l><|

19

DRESDEN

Marcolini Manager

on White Porcelain—for

Sale

on imperfect pieces

___'._.__‘ “

be p blue

"

scratched

through

1770

1796

17—

7? Pottery and Porcelain

$ DRESDEN h p

é Brith Manager

74M n m ... ,,

B ELBOGEN ll p

.W_ MONTREUIL ,,

Tinet

+

i '4 TOURNAY s p

.y

T

(P) CAUGHLEY h p

Attributed to Worcester

Woncms'rua o p

go blue

mp

p blue

p gold

or blue

p blue

p blue

1750

1810

18—

175*

177

Marks. 79

\|b

A WORCESTER s p 11 blue \7—

TABLE.

CHINA . h p ;.

..3

,, ... .. , ,

W ,, imitated by DERBY ,, w

/.

TOWER.

TOURNAY s p |- blue [75


E

$0<E3>®>

VINCENNES

Bow, CHELSEA & DERBY

BRISTOL

_ DOOOIA

KOEzEc

TRIANGLE.

NYMPHENBEno

QUIMI’ER ...

Hulaudie‘:c

an

59

sp&

11p

& bis

51‘

hp

hp

pot

p color 17~—

p gold 80 17—

color &

imp & inc

imp 18—

p gold 1735

& imp

p blue 1803

p blue 1753

imp 1809

Marks. 8|

TRIDENT.

‘e-E BOW A p p blue 173

59— ” III to n n ’1

HR

Ea‘lj’fi: ,, the triangle imp k. ,, ,,

.v‘ “"

LP CAUGHLEY h p p blue 17—

CArFAGIOLo maj ,, 15

% Also attributed to Faenza 4'

Gubbz'o

SWANSEA SWANSEA h p imp 18—

And one trident

VASES.

BRISTOL ... b p pr blue 18—

The Cross imp

JAPAN ... ... h p imp 18—

color


15 2,5‘

0 a

fl :3"

Gunmo maj p blue 15—

WINDMILL.

X CLIGNANCOURT .. _ e8 hp ; color 1’775

Varies greatly

Majolica. 8 3

MAJOLICA.

THE manufacture of Italian Pottery—generally known

as Majolica or Rafl'aelle ware—was f01 many years under

the patronage of the ‘Urbino family, and was principally

carried on at Urbino, Gubbio, Pesaro, Oastel Durante, Faenza

and Diruta.

The were is coarse and bad, but it is valued for the

decorations, which are from designs by Rafi'aelle, Michael

Angelo, Guilio Romano, and other great masters ; and some

are thought to be painted with their own hands.

Marryat says: “It was the usual custom for the Artists

to write the title of the subject, in blue characters on the

back of the dish, but rarely to affix their names and place of

abode.” The examples given will, it is hoped, be sufficient

for the identification of such marks as may be met with in

duplicate, those that are given in type are too large for

engraving in a small handbook.

84 Pottery ana’ Porcelain.

MAJOLICA.

BAssANo, Venetia 1540

M Also with the signature of Antonio Terchi and

B°- Terchj

CAFFAGIOLO, Tuscany 1507

The ordinary mark is thus made, it is S. P. in t

monogram, sometimes the P is alone given.

heiggml. ,, The trident is used both with and without

*5

above. The name is also signed In Gafugolo ,,

$ ,, This mark is also attributed to Faenza and

Gubbio ... u

G ,, (P) for Gafagiolo ... ... .,

42A ,, ... ,,

Majolica. 8 5

.524. > CASTEL DURANTE, Urbino founded 1361

The earliest known date is 12 Sep., 1508

a"grab“ Sebastiano d' Marforio signs and dalcs a piece in 1519

mm“ Francesco Durantino ,, n 1533

FaitoinBotega ,, The Chevalier Piccolpasso was director of a

di Piccohmsso factory about 1550

Diyagilostilslil ., On Modern Ware, in imitation of the old

.. , ,

w CASTELLI, Naples 14—

So attributed by Passeri 16—

,, Saver'io Grue. Also initials and name 17—

L' G. P. ,, Luigi Grue ... ,,

,, Fra°~ Ant°~ Grue ... ... 1722

G. Rocca di

Castelh', 1732. " "' "32

Gentih' P. ,, nu ... ... 17—

. l S4 5“

Indaufa DIBUTA, Papal States 15—

“R‘gw‘i Other varieties of this signature are found

'5:

86 Potlery and Porcelain.

jnlh’ru-K" DIBUTA, Papal States'55 4

¢ ,’ I" "I ‘0! '0.

$ ,, Given by Darcel as a mark of this factory ,,

FAENZA

... M 15—

MSW-anamothHONOREM-DHCT - . 0 -

mermcmus On one of the earllest pleces of MaJohca, known 1475

VECXT'FIERFAWLY]

how-3:?8h ‘ ,, (P) Gubbio. Supposed to be Maestro Giorgio 14—

D!E -$\\ ,, Many varieties of the letter F are found

Fata in Faenzn,I (J P t ,, Casa Piroto—The name of a factory of

n 'awa, £10 aI Fnenza 15—

Majalica. 87

Balga am

WLCL’IIQYOL

I,

9!And B without the T(P) Baldasa/ra

I FAJENZA

And without the circle .. ... 15—

® ,, Also attributed to Pesaa‘o _ , _,_ ”

w ,, Many other varieties of this mark are found ,,

Also initials B. M. 154‘

Pottery ana Porcelain.

F. R.

DL- "1'29

TAcaBAT

F.

El

Fata in Forli,

1542.

I L1 Botega d

M0 Jero da

Forli.

FAENZA

Attributed to Baldasara

,, In a square, and initials only no "

FLORENCE, Tuscany

Luca della Robbia and his family made their

famous ware here until about

This mark and another, LR FA, 1454, is attributed

to Luca, but both are very doubtful

,, A late mark on fine pottery ... .

n ,, (P) for Fire'nze ... ‘ ,_

F0121!Also without date. and with signature

Leucadius Solambrmus, 1555

of

u u.

1

1

1560

17—

15—

Majolim. 8 9

GENOA 15—

The beacon is well known, it varies very much

//’ . .$7 ,, Gwen by Demmm ... -.. 16

GUBBIO, Urbino 14—

Giorgio Andreoh', afterwards known as Maestr

Giorgio, first used the beautiful metallic lustre

which caused the Gubbio were to be so valued

g _., Also ascribed to him. .. n

u n n- In N. 1519

90 Pottery and Parcelain.

Bk' Guano—Maestro Giorgioa \I

6? BA, Merchants’ mark... 1528

humane“?

I72."

I51 1

,5 ° ,, ... .0. 1532

. 0

M ¢ ,, With merchants’ mark 15—

O

m'g n 0.0 m ... "- ,,

9 o

0

"7% ,, Attributed to Maestro aim» .. ... ,,

15;?

‘ ,, Vincentio or Ceucio, son of M°~ Giorgio w

k,

Majolica. 9 :

I 57’ GUBBIO

N Also N. G. 15—

’.‘3 ,, (P) Maestro Perestino. Also signature in full ,,

i ,, (P) Salimbem ... m ... 16—

% ,, (P) Hipollito Rombarioth' ... -- ,,

F B

,, (P) Rovigo ... ... 15—

I 5' 3 6

M. A. I. M. ,, 7!

i1 Loni, Lombardy . \ 16—

lfil‘l I764

And with the initials only


$567M!»

FBEC

0'2.

13 a8,

415/: no

G. R.

11 .

1627.

M“ LP"

1639.

In“.

MILAN, Lombardy ... m a... 17—

And name only

.- ». a. a ,,

,, On modern pottery ... .. 18—

] MONTELUPO, Tuscany .,, a 16—

Vuriously written

,, With signature Rafiaello Girolamo

,, Given by Jacquemart p black

(P) Wolf’s brush modern

NAPLES ... .— an 15—

,, Crown of various shapes, some

times B. C. 16—

Majalim. 9 3

NAPLES.

N ,, And Ferdinando del Vecchio Napoll' imp in full 17—

H . F SO attributed

(I. Giustiniam' Brother: imp 17—"iutm

& p color

,, And in outline ... p blue 17—

P d PADUA, Venetim .,. ... l5—

“ “‘1' With date,1548

A. Padoa. ., ,, 1563


In Pesarm PESABO ... a. 13—

With dates, 1542 to 1765

FattoinPesaro ,, ,, ... ... ... 15—

X.p ,, Doubtful

VFO ,, (e) Giovanni Vejaso 1542

Rawm RAVENNA

' Between two flourishes .E, .‘ 16

In Arimin lenx .. .. 15—

1535- ' Stifliy written

In Rimino

1535_ ,, . . 1535

Fato in

Arimz'nensis ,, ... ,h 1635

1635.

Faito in Roma

da Gionpavlo ROME ... 16

91111an Pcncilled in oval ... 1000

M.D.O.

In Roma. ,, Pencilled and impressed'90

Majolica.

Bonn.

Sworn, Genoa(i’) Guidobono .1.,, Girolamo Salomone ...

-o “q "I

With initials G. A. G. (Gian Ant‘f. Guidobono)

and G. S. (Salomone) & B. C.

16-—

16-—

16—

()6 I Pottery and Porcelain.

@' SAVONA, Genoa

,S

6 n u. ... .i. ... -

LL

Fala'iSiena. S‘ENA’Tuscany "' 15—

With signatures of M0 Benedetto

BM Terese ,, Ba/rtolomeo Terenzt'o Romano 1727

Roma.

F 0 ,, Also m monogram Ferdinando Maria

' ' Ca/m/pam' 1733

TREVISO, Lomad-dy 15-—

Trem'so. In circle ... ,,

N. ,, So attributed ,,

5 4;; Tmtm, Piedmont 15

And Shield alone with Cross. Arms of Savoy

M/yolim.97

Falta'inTo'rino

Fabrica Reale

di Torino

1737.

SWAP/4.61.“

FELTAVR

.153 |.

. [Ix/w"

ITvrél‘DOI

I, 31

fiàaquqg

'Pilrfino ‘

R93:

H139

)6

264*)

TURIN, Piedmont ...

,, So attributed ...

URBINO

Francesco Xanto Avelli da Rovigo p colour

u fl

,, X in blue, N in red lustre, probably Vicentio's

max-k

II

1577

‘\O

OOPottery and Porcelain.

0‘

12$ N’§>

\FI .9.

§‘4

. a.

Q

Ev

'0v

/

2.HM

p5:5.“

Unsure ..

Francesco Xanto Avelti

,, Orazio Fontana ... --°

,, ,, Urbi'no Fec'it v .

n u In Greek characters

,, A similar mazk dated 1549

,, Nicola d’ Urbino. About ..

also signed Niculd‘di V.

May'olz'ca.99

URBINO

Nicole (1’ Urln'no 15—

Ge'ronimo Vrbino, with date 1583

T. R. F.1587_ u - n “- ...‘ k ,, Also with initials E F B, dated 1594

F. G. O. ,,

,, Alfonzo Patanazzi. Also name in full 1606

AP -- » ~- ~Q U

)5? p . .. h . ,, Francesco Patanazzt. Also namc in full .. 1608

1 5'7 ,, Vicenzio Patanazzt', aged 12 years 1619

g ,, (P) Iruca Cambiasi, of Genoa ... 16—

B. F. V. F. ,. (P) Battista F'ranco Urbini Fecit ... ,,

W ” n~ an m s“ I

{OOPottery a'zd Porcelain

Unano

,, Also attributed to Faenza, ...

VENICEVcnczia. is also written in full

,, Probably Gian Andrea and Pietro Bertolim',

too confused to be made clearer

,, A well-known mark, with many variations

,, Doubtful m ... ..

,, 011 modern ware ... _.

16—

,7

1545

17—

1'7

18—

Fartories. l OI

FACTORIES.

ALTENROLHAU near Carlsbad,

Germany pot imp 1829

Pa" N' A. Nowotny, Direclnr & h p

g“ Ams'rnL,Oude,nearAr sterdam,

'I mdlz Holland h p p blue 1782

Amsran, Niewer h p p blue 18—

AMSTERDAM, Holland h p p blue 1772

II n n n W

fl ,, A. Daeuber, Director ,, a 178—

102 Potter) and Porcelain

“ QMy 5, AMSTERDAM, Holland pot pcolor 1780

‘ Hartog & Brandeis

18—pot impANDENNES, France

hggfédw B. Lammens & Co.

0" - II I! ni, I,

A. Der Vander Ww'rt

ANSPACII, Bavaria. h p p blue 1718

And other varieties of the

A.sometimeslikecrossed

swords

D,, The Eagles and Shields ,,

vary very much, and

NW

sometime: on used

without the letter

Factories. I o3

»<\® ANSPACH h p p blue 1718

,, And FBANKEN'IHAL n ,, ,,

J. A. Hannong

@ APREY, France pot p black 1750

A II I! N. I" I, I, 1’

>< ARNSTADT, Germany pot p color 176—

' x ‘ n n '- '1 u I,

AR AREAS, France B p p blue 1782

DADEN-BADEN, Germany h p p gold > 1753

Widow Sperl - or 0010;

104. Pottery and Porcelain

'llaijre'ufl t

if J'loe)

BE

(1?:

BADEN-BADEN, Germany ... h p p gold 1753

Widow Sport or color

is " ~-- 7) ,1 n

Bamnu'rn, Bavaria ... pot p black 15—

» n ... pot D blue 15—

" ” ... h p p 1744

BERLIN, Paussu.

Established by W. G. Wegeley, in 1751, and purchased

by Frederick the Great, in 1763. Pott, a chemist at

this factory, claims the invention of transfer printing on

porcelain.

BERLIN, Prussia.

,, Wegeley ... ... h p p blue 1751

Factories. 1 o5

BERLIN, Prussia

,, Royal Factory. Many

forms of sceptre h p p blue 176

” ll - n n 'n

n n - 0 n n

,, Konigliche Porzellen

M'anufactur ... ,, n 1830

n ,, t p I 1850

This Eagle is also used by

Schuman, of Moabit,

with name:

,, Frequently painted in

green or gold over the

seeptre mark, on

damaged pieces ,, ,, 13"

106' Poltery and Porzelzzin

Bonmmux, France h p p color 18

Lahens & Rateau

BOURG-LA-REINE, France a p p blue 1773

& pot

n n ~-- 11 p w u

,, Le Chappelel ,, ... n P

BOW.

This factory was established about 1735, but did not

become celebrated until many years later.

Bow ... ap pblue 173

'z i I I

Factories. ~ I 07

boil???

sel§

Bow

7)

N

The form and position

of the sword vary

The triangle has long been

considered a Bow mark,

but recent researches

have rendered it doubt

ful, it is often hard to

say if it is a Bow 01

Triangle, the latter is

nowproved to have been

used at CHELSEA and

DERBY

Triangle, imp ...

A. B. F. G. & K. are also

found, probably work

men’s marks

Also BRISTOL ...

p blue 173

p red n

& gold

iznp ..

me

p gold

& color

p nlue ,,

1) H

n g


ELERS BRADWELL pot imp 1690

BRISTOL

4' >o( Founded by Richard h p p color 1772

Champion

I ,, And other imitations of

Oriental marks ,, ,, ,,

B n m n- n n n

B7 n I" .u n n

,, The cross impressed h p pr blue 18—

1' w - a: imp n

80 biscuit

,, For Tebo, the modeller.

To Many other workmen’s

marks are found ,, inc 17—

Factories. I 09

ffw‘tte'defiouelo BRUSSELS, Belgium h p p color 1791

mfifluowg/iy/ L. Crette'

LCI n u ~-~ H. n P u n

% n "- u- ,, p n 18-—

;UHOMAg Boasmm, Stafi'ordshire

'l‘oF '1' And Ralph Taft pot in relief 1670

William Sans. ,, ,, imp 167—

R. Shawe. ,, .- 1| 1)WEDowoon.

Wedgwood. H i l l y 175—

W 01 d &.aBquLILFZZZ. ” "‘ H n 1768

Aaron Wood. ,, n ,, 175—

Enoch Wood. ,, ,, ,, 1783

Woool do

Caldwell. ~ " " 179°

18“—

Steel.

l 10 Pottery and Porcelain

BUEN RETIRO (Madrid), Spain s p p color 176—

Attributed to Royal & pot

"‘ Factory, Charles 111.,

m- butprobably LUDWIos

none

,, The Capo di Monte mark

is found on early pieces ,, ,, "

fi-D n manly "j 0 1| 0

(Jean, France h p p red 1793

c aen Also in capitals

F“A R4 CALDAS, Portugal pot imp 18—

v? Mafra, maker. Imitations

CALDAS of Palissy ware

PORTUGAI

CAPO DI MONTI, Naples s p p blue 1736

m w And various other forms >

of Fleur de lys

\lgl ,, Ferdinand IV, patron ,, p red 1759

or blue

N

d: imp.

Factories. I I I

CAPO m MONTI, Naples

w ,, This factory has success

1‘: fully imitated old ma

jolica s p p color 1759

L% ,, Ferdinandus Rel ... ,, peolor 1780

* CASEMENE, France pot imp 18—

Lafie'ckere and Pailtaird

D- D- 8" 00' CASTLEFORD, near Leeds pot imp 1790

CASTLEFORD

POTTERY_ D. Dunderdale

CAUGHLEY, Shropshire h p p blue 1750

g Established in 1750, by

Brown, taken in 1772

mom“ by Thomas il‘uwmr.

,, Crescent marked thus is pblue

.D

often mistaken for D

and attributed to

Duesbury of DERBY.

” n- as

I [2 Pottery and Porcelain

SX CAUGHLEY, Shropshire h p p blue 1750

TURNEB- ,, ... h p imp 1772

& pot

LP ” h p p blue 17—

K ,, ... .. ,- ,,

4‘ .

F g,‘ ,, And other numerals thus

WL/ \ treated, to resemble

@ oriental marks n P blue 177-

T .,, (7) Turner, attrlbuteol lo

WORCESTER ,, n n

9 ,, Rose 4' Co. u- I! ll color 1799

w CHANTILLY, France s p p blue 17“};

Also with name and imp

Factories. l 13

leacheé~@

CHELSEA.

This factory, established in the 17th century, acquired

little celebrity until about 1750, when the modelling and

beauty of the paste rendered its productions equal to

those of any foreign factory.

CHELSEA s p imp 174.

" l» q. ,, p gold 174

1710 best quality in gold or red

u "' m n n n

. u- u n I, II

I, ‘I I“ ll n n

n .0 .\ OI I, I


;>*>‘1NatF4;

VD

6W

ea.

@@

CHELSEAAnd with name infnlt

CLIGNANCOURT, near ParisThis varies very much

., Monogram of the Patron,

Louis Stanislas Xavier,

Comte ole Provence

,, Porcelaine de Monsieur

Connrom, or COALBROOK

DALE, Shropshire

,, And 0'. DaleII * IQ.

.7 U“ 0.1

s p p gold

or red

do imp

h & s p p color

h p at red

II I.

h 9 p blue

’I II

'I .9

II \

1745

1775

1780

1787

18—

th‘lfll’ifl. I I5

0 COALPORT, or Cousnoox

- DALE, Shropshire

,, h p p blue 18—

,, Caughley, Swansea, Nant- ,_ .1861

9am, united 182-1

Yo'yez. COBRIDGE, Stafl'ordshire pot imp 1773

evlnéo

@ n u -n n p blueH COLOGNE, Germany pot ; blue 1589

15%;»

RVE.. 16—

' l


M

H

%

COLOGNE, Germany pot p blue 16—

,, Cremer ,, ,, 17-

Given by M. Demmin.

,, B. M. L. \V., 1573.

,, B. V., 1574. M. G., 1586.

_, F. T., 1559. M. 0.

,, F. V. 0.,1543. S. M.

,, I. E., 1539. W. R.

,, I. R., 1588. W. T.

,, K°~ R., 1598.

COPENHAGEN, Denmark h p ,, 1772

The Sound and great and

little Belts

,, ... ... ,, p color 0'

Factories. 117

it

“M

F!

+3U

01mm, France pot imp

Also with monogram 0

Stone-Coquerel and Le

Gros of Paris

Drum, Germany h p p blue

DELFT, HOLLAND

178

17—

Potteries were established here at a very early date,

it is said that fine ware was produced in 1480, nothing

certain is known before 1611», when a patent was granted

to Claes Janssén Wytman’s, for makingporcelain, probably

fine pottery.

DELFT, Holland

,, The ALPHA De Griekse A. Mark registered

.7. T. Dewtram‘Dikstraat pot p blue

" ... m n n

1764

Fl

118 Pottery and Poreeloin

DEX

Z:DE)C

'q

ulwlrr!

I. H. D.

DELFT, Holland ...

!Zoon Deztra ...

On ware with same pat

terns asihat with first

mark ... ..

The works were carried on

by Jaooblls Halder

Adriens Zoon in 1765...

(P) Jacobus Halder

Cornelis van Os had the

works in 1767

The AXE. De Byl ...

Justus Brouwer ...

pot

0

H

,9

[1 blue 1764

,, 1765

n

fl 9,

p blue

reg 1764

p blue I ,,

7| I)

Factories. I l 9

Dnnrr, Holland pot p blue 1764

* Justus Brouwer.

15 This is also attributed to

A. Kielle, of the White

Star.

6!}; ,, ’The CLAW. De Klaauw ,, ,, reg 1764

é‘p Lambertus Sanderus.

,, This niark is so 'uaried ,, ,, ,,

(7*) that it is usually “ 1m

’80 known." It has been

called The Griffin!

9, I. .' i! II ’I

/80

’7 M,k I' I) ". I. I, I.

[9 2' Z)

O _n K ,, The DOUBLE Prrcunn.

Dc Dubbelde Schenkkan 1764

Thomas Spaandoncle...

fl


, DELFT, Holland

%%w mm or FORTUNE T’ Fortuyn... pot p blue reg 1691

Pieter van der Briel

xiotujt ,,n In M n n

to

W ,. .. t. n ..

\D

WVDB ., Weduwe v. d. Brtel. ,, N 1764

.‘l'. H. F.

Int. Fortuyn. " --- 9,

,, The GOLDEN Boer. In

I' D‘ A' der vergulde Boot ,,

Joha/nnes oler Appel

,, 1764

,, TlIOGOLDEN FLownnPo'r.

De BkaOt- De vergulde blompot ,, U 1764

P. Verberg

Factories. l 9. I

THAR'I'

vao

MP

(M?

E. B. S.

we

DELFT, Holland

The HART. T’ HartHendrik Ivan Middeldijk

The METAL Po'r

De Metaale Pot

Lanlbertus ClefllusPieter Paree

The old Moon’s HEADIn t’ oude Moriaans Hofi't

Geertruy Verstelle

The young Moon’s HEAD

T’jongue Moriaans Heft

Widow of Pieter Jan

0. d. Hagen

Probably a. mark of one or

other of these factories

The Pmcocx. De Paauw

Jacobus de Milde

pot

"

p blue reg 1764

,, ,I

1639

n n

,, 1764

,1 ’i

I: U

,1 ‘I

p color

p blue .. 1651

,, 1761

23? 9|

122 Pottery and Parcelaz'n.

‚ N DELFT, Holland

Pam” ,‚ Jacobus de Milde m pot ;. blue 1761

I-D'M n n I" " n n

*\

if:

LB— „ (2) Cornelis Boumeesícr „ „ 17

L—

P"a ,, The Poncnmm Bom‘m: reg 1761

‘ De Porceleyne Fles——-'

h,

Pieter van Doome

n u

The PORCELAIN PLATTER

De Po’rcele‘yne Schootel

Johannes van Duyfl. m

The ROMAN

De Romeyn

Petrus van Memm ...

n „—

f!

Factories. I 23

IQ

DELFT, Holland

w „ Janmm derK'loot Ja’nzoon pot p blue 1764

took the factory

@ ,, The ROSE ' ... mg 1764

De Roos

DWD ,‚ Dirk van der Does ... „ u n

ĳ n n n 0 u n ‘l

„ The THREE BELLS

De drie klokken

(P ,, W. van der Does ... w ,, u „

(P Q This ’uaries so much

that it 1': oftenI

L “ unknown " ‚‚ n ’

4fi ,' b“ ‘ l j, n >I1

W Doubtful ... - i, r.

124. _ Pottery and Porcelain

DELFT, Holland

,, The THREE PORCELAIN reg1764

BOTTLES De drie Por

celey’ne fleschjes

11B ,, Hugo Brouwer pot p blue ,,

Ham-en. ,, The THREE PORCELAIN9! ‚I II H

BARRELS De drie Por

cele’yn asloî’men

‚l I, ‚l,‚ Hendrick van Hoorn ...

‚‚ The Two Stars „ ‚‚

De twee Sheepjes

R „ Ant. Pe‘nm‘s m ‚‚ I.‘ n

„ The Two WILD Mm:De twee wildemams

Widow of Willem van

71 N

e, u n n

Beek

‚, The WATER CA2: ‘. .

(l)K De Lampetka‘n

‚, Widow of Gerardus Brouwer „ ‚. ‚.

L P Kan u n “- u I. u

Factories. 125

@ng§~?.<*

m w.

DELFT, Holland

H

U

Q.

79

Ii

9’

n

The WHI'i‘E STAR

De witte star

A Kielle

,, ~00

9, c0

0. 000

I, 0..

,, And other variations

(?) Van der Bosch

Berghem ...

'.I

m

pot p blue

I‘

reg 1764

0'

1774

1 26 I Pattery and Porcelain

DELFT, Holland

B ,, Isaak Brouwer „. p blue 1750

8 ,, (P) Van der Does ‚.. n

L Ĳ „ (P) Van Dammelar ... K

,, Suter van der Even .„ n 1580

M „ so altrwuted

Q „ Martinus Gouda „r. mg 1675

äÂ “ Antoni Ter Humpelin ... poolox‘ 1650

bl

Ml V n ‘Ü - I r

E Y

>2;

Factarz'es. I 27

l

i DELFT, Holland

@ 99 Q- Kie'ynoven .9. p blue reg 1680

,, Jan Kuylz'ch the younger ,, ,,

“K n N 0“ v n

2% ,, U. a. t '

n ' ' n 0" n > n

,, Johannes Meson on M .,

Comelis Keyser an ., ,, ,,

n n 0 g. 0‘

n n on n ”

é Jacobus P'ynaker and

Adrien Pynakcr

128 Pottery and Forte/din

DELFT, Holland

K ,, Keyser & Pynaker m 1) blue 1680

{\g ,, (P) Pynaker ... ,, u

.6?” ,, Jan Stee'n ,, 1650

k ,, Samuel Piet Roe'rdcr ... 1 color ,,

Wy/ltz/f “ Willem 'van der Velaie ,, 1660

JHMHM' ,, Abraham Verboom ... n 1630

MW

1 67 9 ,, 571.6881“ "- m u

j?‘ W ,, (P) Philip Wouvermams ,, 16—

__‘u~_,4_ A‘~l ikl

Factories, [29

AVH

3M27])

1113

3:?

y/lio

6-36

679

"179

17473-7

QWIQ,

flex»,

.778?

1/22. I

DELFT, Holland

9)

UNKNOWN MARKS

n (H I" 7.” FOTl‘l/Ill

K

p color

9 Mat;

p rah

D Min

1773

54".?

(4| Pottery and Porcelain01

1w DELFT, Holland

UNKNOWN MAnKs .u 9 blue

J18 ,, .. ,

K H , (P) Jan Kuylich H

KVK ‘ .. b1 173]n n I “9

ILA-\Z/‘g » ., m -.. p color

’31 ,, , ... u. p blue

I}.

52:72).“ ,, ,, u! . m p brown

R$ ,, ,,‘ p Mm

‘b-a ,, ,, .,

On ware painled in the p red 17__

angle of Majolica. A“

I imitation of a Savona

mark.

Factories.

f

DELFT, Holland -..

E ,, Imitation of the “ Sim

% mark." On warepainted.

% with Oriental patterns

E$

From M. Demmin.

A D \V. A° D. M. I. G. V.

1‘69' D V X I 1768.A. I. 1663. ' ' ' "

’ 1540- I. H. F.

B' P G. D., 1605. 143°

B V. S. 1702 _

’ G. v_ M_ I. V. L, 1663.

D., 154.0.

J. G.D. H. N. I.

_12 I. G. J' V' L'

B. 22% M. Q.

DECORATORS.

Aalines. ' J. Kuwyt.

O. Boumester, 1680. J. Meer.

J. Dam. Meer.

.S'. Dam.

J. Decker, 1698.

Heindering Waanders, 1781.

p red

p blue 18—

R. or A. R.

S. B. + +

1742.

s. L., 1650.

s. M., 1725.

v. 11., 1620.

} Jan 11. d. M621 de mm

A. Veerhart de Gouda.

C. Zachtle'uen Fa. 1650.


'%H@@®

@@El

DERBY.

Founded in 1751, by W. Duesburg, who, in 1770, pur

chased the Chelsea Works, and, in 178 L, removed the

moulds and models to Derby ,- also Bow, 1776.

DERBYDuesbur'y. on

DERBY CHELSEA

,, Later in lilac, then in red

CROWN DERBYAlso without the dots—

with monogram D K

Duesbury and Kean

,, Also with g! in old English

type ...

5P

5P

hp

II

p red

p gold

or red

p gold

p red

or violet

1756

1770

177..

1780

1798

1780

Faetorz'es. I 33

$ DERBY

,, In imitation of the Se‘vres h p p red or 1798

mark , violet

iii ,, In imitation of the Chinese ,, p blue ,,

A " Probably a workman'l ,, ,, ,,

mark & imp

,, And in oval ... ... h p pr color },, Stevenson & Hancock ... h p p color 186

Joshua Heath. ,, Cockpit Hall ... pot imp 1760

* * DochA, near Florence, Italy a p p color 1735

Various star marks

,, no u. ,, imp 8|; ,,

p gold

I 34. Pottery and Porcelain

GINORI. Doccm, near Florence, Italy... a p imp 1735

The founder's name

The Capo dr' Monti mouldi

were transferred here

about 1821

DRESDEN, SAXONY

The first European Porcelain manufaclory, established

by Augustus II. in 1709, under the management of

Boltyer.

% DRESDEN, Saxony

,, Augustus Rear, founder ll p p blue 1709

f ,, The Caduceus (sale mark) ,, ,, 1712

to 1720

m ,, Bb'ttger ware ... ,, about 1718

M I, II "' "' D, l€ II

,, And other square marks ,, ,. n

in imitamm 01' Oriental

Factories. 135

i' DKEE'DEN, Saxony... h blue 1720

\/ P P

\ \< Herold, manager 3

a ,, n ,, ,. 1726

“a

H n s - ,g g, v _u n m n ,, 01739

2’85t1/6M7y

,, Brilhl, manager ... ,, ,, 1750

K_H_CV/ " "- an n n 17_

i4 ,, Meissen- porzellen manu- ,, p ._

faol'ar. Also without

the swords.


DRESDEN, Saxony... h p

Early mark

,, Sachsiche porzellen mama ,,

facmr

Ko'nigliche porzellen mann- ,,

factnr

Md/I‘COl'l’Il’L, manager ... ,,

25‘"

On white porcelain (per- ,,

feet), for sale.

0n inwerfect piece: ..

X"

p Mn:

9 blue

scratched

through

1750

17—

1;?70

1796

17—

Factories. I 37

_ DRESDEN, Saxony... h p p blue 17—

On imperfect piece: scratched

through

% ,, On faulty table goods .. ,, ,, u

% n n m w n u

i ,l I, "‘ 9, I, H

A A modern imitation of ,, p blue 18—

early mark & imp

a ELBOGEN, Bohemia. h p imp 1810

ETUURIA—see Wedgwood

WedgwoooMCb FERRYBRIDGE, near Burslem ' ,, ,, 1796

& pot

r—be (fl Potlery and Porcelain

W

®@@@

, '11

@

®

’

Q00$w$

FLORENCE, Italy ..

This varies very much

,, The arms of the Medici

family. Rare mark.

FRANKENTHAL, Bavaria

The arms of. Hannong

of Strasbourg, removed

here, 1753.

,, Paul HannongAlso I. A. H., in monogram

,, Carl Theodore, patron

FULDA, GermanyFiirstlick Fuldaisch

__.,

“P

hp

& pot;

M)

p colcr

l!

p blue

I,

to in!

p blue

p blue

1580

1754

1761

1763

to 1780

Factories. 1 3 9

-|- FULDA, Germany ... h p p blue 1763

On figures.

F FURSTENBERG, Germany h p p blue 1750

$ ,, The F varies very much... ,, ,, ,,

5 G GERA ... h p p blue 1780

g G- GOTHA H. ... b p p blue 175

R ,, Rothenborg, the founder ,, 3i ,,

% Gnosnnnrrmmcn h p p 00101‘ 1770

<%' ,, Sometimes a more flourish ,, h ,,

I 40 Pottery ana Porcelain

HAGUE (THE), Holland h p p blue 177—

J Slork—the Arms of the

Town

II I. u. I) II I'

—-- HALDENSTEBEN, ALT, Germany h p imp 17—

HANLEY

E- Mayer- ,, pot imp 177

Lakin (9‘ P0019. .‘ "- m u a n

Shorthose. ,, ... no H n n

9, I! “' I! HNEALE & Co. ,, ... u- " h 1779

J& ,, Also Meigh ,, ,. 178—

NEELD. ,, In imitation of Wedgwood ,, ,, 178—

._‘1_L__

Factories. I 4. l

J. Keeling. HANLEY pot imp 179—

Eastwood. ,, W. Baddeley ,, ,, ,,

s'llgigng 4” ,, ,, ,, 18—

'11‘i SNEYD, ” . ,, ,, n

ANLEY

Mason’s

Ironstone ,, Lane Dolph, near ,, pr color 1813

China.

HERCULANEUM—see LIVERPOOL.

HEREND. HEREND, Hungary h p p blue 1800

Also Shield <7 Crown of

Austria, 4' Shield 4'

Crown of Hungary.

W ,, Maurice Fischer ,, ,, 1839

HESSE CASSEL, Germany h p p blue 1763

(-i) HESSE DABMSTADT, Germany h p p blue 1756

g

(% HILDERSHEIM, Germany ... h p p blue 1760

[42 Pottery and Porcelain

b®®%*l

.7553al

iglrlk_ r'lonlx

$a

Qfisl

Hecnsr, near Maycnce, Germany h p p gold 1720

The arms of the Archbishop do color

of Moyence

" .v n- n n H

,, Dahl ... ... pot p color 1794

& h p

Kmr, Russia pot p color 178

KIEL, Denmark .. pot p gold 177

Bachwald, Director or color

Abr. Leihamerfecit

,, Also K. T. G ,, ,; ,,

Koaznc, Poland .. h p p blue 1803

,, The mark 'uaries very much,

and is sometimes used

with the name

KREUZEN, Germany pot p color 1610

Caspar Vest to 1690

Hans Christophe Vest

Factories. ! 4.3

J. Lockett. i LANE END or LONGTON, pot imp 17—

} Stafi'ordshiro

TURNER. ,, ,, ,, 1762

B. Plant. ,, ,, ,, 177

gégagfi’l: ,, . pot & imp 1809

h D

May' ‘9 Newbd ,, Mayer <f- Newbold ,, imp & 18—

i pr color

ngiggj i ,, .. pot in... 18—

LEEDS i -POTTERY_ LEEDS .. pot Imp 1770

2 as ,, ,, p color ,,

K ,, Also with name, Hartley, ,, imp ,,

Green & Co.

Ulla g LILLE, France pot p color 171!

D2 ,, Dorez ,, ,, 174.

D is also found on soft paste.

A ,, ,, ,, 17

I44 ' Pottery and Porcelain

My

wk“;

0+6 0

\\U

LILLE, France

F. Boussemart.

,, Petit ..

,, Patron, The Dauphin ..

Leperre Duroo.

LIMBAOH, Saxe-meiningen

n (3’) ..

LIMOGEs, France

pot

hp

hp

111)

p color

sten &

p red

p gold

p ooio:

p red

1729

1778

1784

1761

1773

Factoriex. I 4.5

lP eroons, France pot: p color 18'

L J. Pouyat

l Lrsnou ... ,. mp 18—

SHAW- LIVERPOOL -- n n 17—

thhurdmt‘haffers " ,, p color 1751

SADLEB- ,, ‘Sadler claims the inven- ,, pr color 1751.

tion of transferprinting & h p

on pottery, 1756.

SADLER a

GREEN. ” “' "‘ h nReid 4' Co. ,, h p ,, 175

,, Pennington—also name pot imp 1760

1) IP infull & h p p gold

or color

Christian. ,, pot; imp 1765

(pm ,, Hercnlaneum pot ,, 1796

EM ,, Also name on garter round ,, pr color ,,

g: a crown

\ . n ,, Case, Mort 4* 00. pet p color 1833

A liver—arms of the town.

L

I46 Pottery and Porcelain

Davenport.

Lonoron'r.

'Mgrliz’o‘P

El;

A

Lonarom

,, J. Davenport ...

A blurred impression of

" the mark is read Liver

pool in mistake for

Darcnport.

,, u. "

Loosnnccm‘, near Amsterdam,

Holland

Manufactur oude Loos

drecht. Moll, director

Lawns'rom .Na mark used byfactory

Lvnwmsnunc, \Vilrtcmberg

Initial of Duke Charles,

sometimes used with

out the crown

pot imp

,, pr red

91 imp

I,

n pr blue

DI II

b p p blne

n

h p p blue

1793

1805

1760

1772

175—

1758 _

Factories I 47

R

f: EE

iE E[E5s

Lvnwrasnwno, Wiirtemberg

Thisform is also attributed

to Madrid

,, An antler—from the arms

of Wilrtemberg

,, Also W. R. ...

LUXEMBOURG, Belgium

Boch, Director

MADRID—see BUEN RETIRO.

MALTA ... ...

MARAHS, France ...

Jean Pierre Roussenoq

MARIEBERG, Sweden

p blue 1758

I, .0

or red

p blue 1806

to 1818

p color 1806

imp 18—

p 0010 r 1740

p color 1750


7.

MARIEBEBG, Sweden ... pot p color 1759

Ehrenreich. & 5 P

I. II "' "I ,’ II I

ll II "' "' 'l 7! "

MARsEILLEs, France

Also with C. (9' S.

... pot p color 1777

,, Savy m ... :1 pr n I!

,, Veuve Perrin .. ,, pblack 1760

,, Bonnefoy .. ,, poolcr 1769u 0s s

,. Rolled ... ... h p p black 1777

a not

Factories. I 4 9

mesan, near Dresden, Saxony pot imp 17—

Bältger

MENECY VILLEROY, France n p p color 1735

Duke of Villeroy &. ino

MIDDLESBOROUGH, Yorkshire pot 13 blue 18

20, the pattern mark imp

MONTET, France ... pot imp 18—

Laurjo'rois, manager

MONTPELLIER, France pot imp 18—

Le chland

MONTREUIL, sous bois, France h p p blue 18—

Tinet

rAPhHEP'b Moscow, Russia. ... 11 p p color 17

p;

A. Gardner

n n. tu n


Moscow, Russia ... ... b p p color 1830

IIOTIOBb] A. Paper}.

A n n "' "' I) a! ,7

R n n --- m n n n

(I) I" ,, F. G. Fabr'ioa Gospodina h p imp 18—

DAMHA v (The factory of our & pot color

| Lady) Galena

I

Q l MOUSTIERS, Franco ... pct ,, 1686

Oler'y ,, p color 172

I, D "' 'u H 1, ,l

,, Fe'raud ... pot p color 178

,, Guichard ... ,, atom in ,,

Also the G only dots

NANTGARW. NANTGARW, Wales ... h p imp 8:. 1813

color

Factorzes. 151

‘%2

$

NAans.—Scc Caro DI MONTI.

Nuvrms, France

Jacques Bourdil

Denis Lefebvre

Henri Borne

Jacques Seigne

Francois Rodrigue

Tito Risto'ri

pot p color 15—

1602

1636

1689

1730

1850

I 52 Pottery and Porcelain

NEWCASTLE. NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE pot imp 18—

NIEDERVILLER, near Sbras- h p p blue 1760

Na bourg, France & pot

Baron de Beyerle', the

founder

% ,, General de Custim ... ,, ,, 1786

w ,, And other varieties of the u ,, ,,

I coronet

: z ,, Lanfray, director ,, sten 1802

m I, ” “' ’7 l,

NIMES, France pot ,, 183

' Plantier Boncnurant & Co.

NOVE, Italy ... ... h p p gold 1750

9K 0: color

NOVE

9%

" n. O" I, I,

Factories. 1 53

l

* 5\‘élD

155©

Hans/(law

'5 78

14/ a

€

@

(BA

7.

IR

5

95

Q

NOVE. Italy m

NUREMBURG, Germany,, Hans Kraut ...

I. I) III Q

,, George Liebolt

NYMPIIENBERG, Bavaria.

The arms of Bavaria

NYON, Switzerland

,, Pierre Millhausen, painter

hp

pot

n

be

p gold 175

or color

imp 155(

p blue 1578

I7 !,

,, 1667

imp 1758

p blue ,,

,, 1790

,, 18—


$21

MLP

®

0

AV?

CP

MAP

>€><€

Oron'ro, Portugal m h p p gold

Vista Allegra or color

,, Manr. Porto. Rocha Soares pot ,,

ORLEANS, France ... h &sp p color

Gerault Daraubert

n p, ... ... pot p color

Plums, France pot p blue

Reverend

,, Hannong. Charles Philippe, h p p blue

Comte d’ Artois, patron.

,, Morel ... m u as

,, De la Cour-title ,, ”

Pour-at 4- Russinger.

” " "' ll I!

1790

1753

1769

1773

Farlorz'es. I 5 5

l

PARIS, France ... h p p color ~1773

Gros Ca€llou.

% ,, ,-, Advenir Lamarre ,, ,, ,,

H ,, P. A. Harmong ,, ,, 1773

$ Porcelaine de la Reine p red 1778 .

A ,’ 1,

' ,, Lebamf. Marie Antoinette, H ,, ,,

)q’ patroness

,, Housel took the factory 1799

,, Dihl @- Guerhard ,, p rad _ 1780

Due d'Angouleme, patron

a n 0 n I! l,

Manuf"- de

MM"- ,, Also the names in full- .. .. - ,,

Gum-hard etDihl a PM“ together and separate.

Nut ,, Nast ... h p at red 1783


_I)agoty.

Feuillet

iP

can

(lie

6"

F&R

P)”,

PARIS, France Dagotg

,, Feuillet ...

,, J. Petit

,, Chanou ...I

,, Schlossmacheron

hp

is

hp

PERKENHAMMER, near Carlsbad, h p

Austria

Fischer <9 Reichembach

PINXTON

So attributed, but the

factory had no acknow

ledged marks.

PLYMOUTH,, The sign of Jupiter

sP

hp

lira.

1, blue

9 red

p gold

p color

on

p blue

179

1790

1784

187

1802

1794

176~

Factories. 1 57

PLYMOUTH .. h p p blue 176—

W Probably Jupiter carelessly

pcncilled

D-/ I I

2:90 ,, ... h p p blue 1770

I 7 0

H ,, Doubtful ... ... ,, ,, 17—

$ POPPLESDORF, Germany ... pot imp 176

\ QUIMPER, France on pet imp 1809

V Hl‘ Hubaudiére.

Qfly RAUINSTEIN, Germany ... h p p blue 1760

R- _ REGENSBERG or RATISBON ... h p p blue 17—

? Germany

” n n


REGENSBERG, or RATISBON, h p

Germany

p blu. 17—

ROCKINGHAM—see SWINTON

Roman, France pot 9 color 1542

n n H II 0

,, A great many initials are ,, v "

given. by Jacquemzwf,

as Rouen marks

I! 3 PI D, I!

D 0 I! v“ '1

RUDOLSTADT, Germany h p 11 coior 1758

Hay fork, part of the

Arms of fichwa-rtzberg

Pactories. I 59

y RUDOLSTADT, Germany b p p color 1758

SAINTES, FRANCE.

Bernard Palissy settled here about 1538 and after

unccasing efl’orts succeeded in producing the well-renown

pottery called by his name

£ SAINTES, France put: inc

So attributed -

L. Sr. AMAND, France pub p 1750

Fauquez, director.

%3 ST. CLOUD, haan s p imp 1702

,, J. B. Chicanneau pot p blue 1700

,, When patroniscd by the king ,, n 1702

8c s p to 1715


ST. CLOUD, France ... potéz p I715

sI P

5+0 ''1" - ,, Tron, director ,, ,, 1730

\/=~ Sr. PETERBBURG, Russia h p p blue 1744

_

_ - 00 R K n

_

C c n I! u I- ‘76—

‘q I III

(fl; ,, Catherine H. ,, ,, 1162

g ,, Made for the Palace Ml

_ Paul Kornilofic ... ,, n .,

m4

,, Paul ... ... n p color 1796

11%

Farteries.I 6 1

Seem.

ST. PETERSBURG, Russia.

Alexander I.

,, Nicholas 1.,, Brothers Kornelofl’ski

,, Alexander II. m

ST. SAMSON, France

SCEAUX PENTHIEVBE, France

Also S P.

,, Dac cle Penthie'vre. Lord

High Ad/rm'ral, patron

hp

pot

EP

pot

s11

p color 1801

,, 1825

pt ,, 1827

p ,,' 1855

imp 183—

inc 1750

to 1760

p blur 1751

,, 1753

n

162Pottery and Porcelain

Jems.

%.

FIN”;

Sevrfi 5

—n—

MImplf‘

de Sevres

rr

SOHAFFHAUsEN, Germany

Tobias Stimmer.

SCHLAKENWALD, Austria.

pot p color

hp .,

SEVRES, chE.

This Factory was removed from Vincennes in 1756,

and, under the patronage of Madame de Pompadour,

became the most celebrated in Europe.

_ cases, etc., are now invaluable, owing to their form, colour,

and artistic decoration.

SEVRES, France.

,, Royal period. Sometimes

with crown. The letter

indicates the year. See

Table.

,, Hard paste first made

,, Republic

And name onlyn u

,, National ManufactoryMark 1804.

,, Imperial Mam-afactory

See Table.

5 p p blue

11 & s p color

)7 ,‘

h p 91'. red

1560

1800

The soft paste

1753

1768

1792

1803

1806

Factories. I 63

SEVRES, France h p p red 1810

Imperial Manufactory. sten

& imp

,, Louis X VIII. ,, p blue 1814

Dated with the year of

the century.

,, Charles X. ... ,, _., 1824

,, ,, On plain ware ., ., 1829

,, ,, 0n decorated ware ,, .,, .

,, Louis Philippe. From ,, ,, 1m

August to December.

,, 1830, to November, 1834 ,, p color “

I 64. Pottery and Porcelain

é \\ SEVRES, France h p p blue 1834

‘2 ‘2, . . .a ,_ Loms Philippe

\D

,, ,, With the above ,, imp or 1833

pr color

9, ’l 7’ ,I

,, 0n white porcelain n pr green 1848

‘, Republic to 1851 n p 1‘96 n

On decorated ware.

,, Napoleon III., Emeror h p pr color 1852

,, ,, The manu- h & ,, 1854

facture ofsoft paste was s p

revived 1854.

,, Thescratch marks the piera , pr green 1861

as nnclecorated.

Factories. I 6 5

SEVRES.—TABLE OF DATES.

A 1753 T 1772

B 1754! U 1773 T_ 9* 1801

C 1755 _V 1774 X1; 1302

D 1756 X 1775 11* 1803

E 1757 Y 1776 * The year of the

F 1758 AZA Republic.

G 1759

H 1760 BB 1779 '"““ 1804’

I 1761 00 1780 7% 1805

J 1762 DD 1781 A. 1806

K 1763 EE 1782 _"

L 1764 FF 1783 7 1807

M 1765 GG 17811 8 1308

N 1766 EH 1785 9 1309

O 1767 II 1786 10 1810

P 1768 .TJ 1787 0.2. (onze) 1811

Q 1769 KK 1788 d.z. (douze) 1812

LL 1789 17.2. (troize) 1813

MM 1790 q.z. (quatorze) 1814

” NN 1791 q.n. (quinze) 1815

00 1792 s.z. (seize) 1816

PP 1793 d.s. (dix-sept) 1817

R 1770 QQ 1794. 18 1818

S 1771 RR 1795 19 &c. 1819

The two last figures of the year to present date.

The months are given by numemls—q.z.10=00tober, 1814 ; 19,1:January, l8 9.

v-4 0\ Q\Pottery and Porcelain

5s u.

gonna

geese_

a 6’

& Pt

lags

9 3g»

SnvnEs.—Initials and Monograms of Decorators, &c.

Asselin ..

Girard

Boullemier

Bonnier

Barré

Mde. Ducluzeau

Poupart

RocherBar

Boulanger

Baudoui/n

Bulidon

Beranger

Castel

Develly . ..

Chabry

Commelin

Portraits.

Arabesques, Chinese Subjects, &0.

Gilding.

Borders.

Flowers.

Subjects and Portraits.

Landscapes.

Figures.

Detached Flowers.

,7 ,7

Borders, Ornaments.

Detached Flowers.

Figures.

Landscapes,Hunting Subjects,Birds.

Landscapes and Figures.

Portraits, Pastoral Subjects.

Flowers, Wreaths.

Foctorzes. I67

v.70.

£23

111'.

@fl

or

exegwggoc

SEVREs.-—Initials and Monograms of Decorators, 5w.

Chapuis, ainé

DusolloDerichsweiler

Didier

Drand

Dutanda

Couturier

Bulot

LeroyRichard

RejaurRichard

Fa,th

Levé

Pfeifi'er

Flowers, Birds, etc.

Detached Flowers.

Borders, Arabesques.

n 11

Chinese Subjects and Gildiug.

Bouquets, Wreaths.

Gilding.

Flowers.

Gilding.

Flowers.

Borders. Wreaths.

Flowers.

Birds, Butterflies, Borders.

Flowers and Chinese Subjects.

Detached Flowers.


SEVREs.—Initials and Monograms of Decorators, 75c.

Fontaine

Barrat

Barbin

MerigolRegnier Ferdinand

Fumez

Gerard

Georget

Gremont

Hunny

La Roche

Hericourt

Huard

Provost

Jubin

Flowers.

Wreaths, Bouquets.

Borders, Arabesques.

Flowers and Wreaths.

Figures, etc.

Flowers and Borders.

Pastoral Subjects.

Portraits.

Wreaths and Flowers

Flowers.

Flowers, Trophies.


Borders, etc.

Gilding.

Factories. I 69

SEVREs.——Initials and Monograms of Decorators, &c.

André

.Chapuis, jeuno

Mde. Chanou

Julienne

Honrion

Chavaux fils

Thevenct fils

Trager

Dodin

Levé, pere

Le Bel, jeune

Le Bel

Le Bel, ainé

Le Guay

Landscapes.

Detached Flowers.

Flowers and Borders.

Arabesques.

Wreaths and Flowers.

Flowers and Gilding.

Borders, &c.

Birds and Flowers.

Figure, Subjects, Howl

Flowers, Birds, Borders

Flowers and Wreaths

Landscapes.

Flowers.

G inning


SEVRES.iInii’ial$ and Monograms of Decorators, 4'0.

Le Gay

Lamglacé

Lecot

ArmandMdlle. Parpette

La. Roche

Mossy

Michel

Moiron fils

Morin

Mde. Bunel

AloncleNiquet

Parpette

Pierre, aiué

Portraits.

Landscapes.

Chinese Subjects.

Birds and Flowers.

Detached Flowers.

Bouquets, Flowers and Trophies.

Flowers and Trophies.

Detached Flowers.

n n

SeaViews, Military Subjects, Cupids

Flowers.

Birds, Animals, Trophies.

Detached Flowers.

Flowers.

Flowers and Bouquets.

__ .A‘A _

Fartories. 17 I

SEVREs.—I'nitials and Monograms of Decorators, 4'0.

Pline

Boucot

Philippine

Pithou fils

Pithou, pére

Pierre, jeune

Regnier

Richard

Riocreux

Mde. Maqueret

RousselMemult, ainé.

Mde; Binef~

Mde. Nouailher

Borders, etc.

Flowers, Birds and Arabesques.

Flowers, etc.

Flowers, Trophies.

Historical Subjects.


Subjects.

Borders, Arabesques, etc.

Landscapes.

Flowers.

Detached Flowers.

Borders.


Detached Flowers.

I72 Pottery and Porcelain

22:11???Wrggfigfi'gg-S

Ssvnws.—Initials and Monograms of Decorators, .fc.

SchadreSinsson .Z.

Swebacli

Binet

Vandé

Mde. Gerard

Hilken

Vavasseur

Grison

MicaudBouillat

Joyau

UNKNOWN.

Birds and Landscapes.

Flowers.

Landscapes, etc.

Flowars.

Gilding and Flowers.

Flowers and Borders

Pastoral Subjects

Arabesqucs.

Gilding.

Flowers, Vases.

Landscapes and Flowers.

Detached Flowers.

Figure subjects, finely painted.

do.Do.

On fine ware, with other marks.

Factories. x7 3

-A>£w%a®\§e

seas.

SEVRES.—M'arks of Decorators, li'c.

Buteux, pore Flowers and trophies.

Russet Landscapes.

Pouillot Detached flowers.

Gomory Birds.

Sioux, jcune Flowers and wreaths, en coma/Tea.

Cardin Detached flowers.

Motel Landscapes.

Ledoux Landscapes and birds.

Richard, Paul Gilding.

Catrice Flowers and bouquets.

erowet, inventor of Arabesques and flowers.

Rose Pompadour,

called Rose du

Barré.


Thevenet, pere

Cornaille. ..

Chulot

(P) Thcvenet, pcre

... * 7

Q SEVRES.—Ma'rks of Decorators, ‘fc.

Chavqu Gliding.

' ' ' Tandart Flowers and wreaths.

' ' ’ ' Theodore Gilding.

I ,

' z ' Fontaino... Trophies, miniatures.

Sioux, ainé Detached flowers.

000

o: 0% 0 D, ,'

A Choisy Flowers and borders.

* Taillamdier Flowers, etc.

0' Fontelliau Gilding.

2% Anteaume Landscapes and cattle.

Viellard Figures, trophies and borders.

Flowers, vases.

Bouquets and flowers.

Trophies and emblems.

Factories. I 7 5

@001

p o o O

m

flwsqb/pb%J*%E1

SEVBEs.—Marks of Decorators, &c.

Carrier Flowers.

Bertrand Detached bouquets.

Buteux Bouquets and wreaths.

Merault, jeunen u

Vincent Gilding.

Tardy Detached flowers.

Caton Pastoral subjects, cupids.

Bienfait Gilding.

Evans Landscapes, birds and insects.

Bouchet Landscapes and figures.

Capel 1e Borders, trophies.

Buteux fils Pastoral subjects—children.

Dion Chinese subjects and flowers.

L' gun/y Children—Chinese subjects.

Sinsson Flowers and wreaths.


SEVREs.—Marks of Decorators, &c.

—_ Noe'l Flowers, medallions.

J/

‘ Choisy Flowers, trophies.

‘ Aubert Flowers.

M

T] Martinet... ,,

The best Painters, ($0., are in Italics.

Jigw' SHELTON pot pr color 1820

Wall ,, New Hall Works 184.2

and name Hackwood.

M 8, ,, Miles ,, ,, 1685

ASTBURL ,, Astbury ,, imp 17—

R. a J. ,, Baddeley ., ,. 175°

BADDELEY

I. & G. ,, Bell Works ,, ,, 177

anowu. to 1816

J. &W. R. n n n I! ‘501854

Sinchmy_ SINCENY, France pot p color 1733

Factorzes. I77

-|-C+

+$+

.M

SPODE.

2%

u oO

English

Pmelai

coo

MINTON

COPELAND

'5

SINCENT, France

Joseph le Cerf.

,, Moulin

STOKE-UPON-TRENT

,, Minton

On best waren n

,, Copeland. Copeland &

Garrett, 1833. Cope

land, late Spade, 18417.

S'rmssoono, Germany

Hanno'ng removed to

Frankenthal, 1754.

N

pot

pot

&h p

p color

imp

p red

p color

p gold

or color

pr blue

pr color

p blue

177

1864

1770

179—

185—

18

185

17\

Potlery and Porcelain

H STRASBOURG, Germany pot

I I & h P

. ,, J. Hmmong. I'uul ,,

M (.H Hannong.

PHILLIPMCO SUNDERLAND pot

Sunderland Pottery.

DIXON & CO. ” H H

MOORE & CO“ ,, Wear Pottery ,,

SOUTHWARK.

SWANSEA . n P

SWANSEA

1SWANSEA ,, And trident only ,,

:l__-—n

,J

,, And with name, Dyllwyn

SWANSEA.

' & CO' H

SWINTON, Rockingham h p

The Rockingham Crest.

X First used about 1824.

\ Brameld, ma 7:61'v

p blue

p color

imp

sten red

pr red

17—

1780

1805

1%0

178

18—

181—

17—

Factories. 179

BRAMELD.

7i

1.

1.4.

36b

BOOTH.

CHILD.

A.&E. Keeling.

W. ADAMS.

Swm'ron, Rockingham

Tounonss, FranceFouque', Arnouw et Cfe.

TotmNAY, FranceTour auto oiseaaat. Also

a potter’s kiln.

TOURS, FranceVictor Avisseau.

TUNSTALLAnd name in full—— Enoch

Booth.

hp

depot

pot

5?

hp

pot

pr red

1) color

p blue

p gold

or blue

p blue

imp

1807

1820

175

18‘],—

1750

1 H33

1770

1780

180 Pottary and Porcelam

ig®g<+

4"(D :3

..g

(£09090;

TURIN, ItalyVinmf, Dr. Gioanetti.

Uzus, France

Franom's Pichon.

VAL sous MEUDON, France...

Mittenhof 4' Mourot.

VARAGES

VENICE, Italy

,, Giovanni Marcane

VIENNA, AustriaThe shape of the shiel

varies.

hp

pot

pot

hp

5P

119

imp

:2

&pr

p black

or red

p red

or blue

p gold

or color

p red

p blue

or imp

18—

179—

1730

17—

1765

1774

Factories. 1 8 1

H5Kl/Ni

WEDGWOQD.

Wedgwood.

VINcmNNEs, France a p p uolor 17—

The Tower varies.

,, Hanno'ng h p ,, 178—

VILLENGEN, Nuremberg ,, ,, 15—

Ha/ns Kraut.

VOLKSTADT, Germany h p ,, 1762

VOISONLIEU, France pot st ,, 1839

Jean Ziegler. & imp

WEDGWOOD, Burslem and pot imp 175

Etruria. & h p 1770

y, n ' H n n

n ‘ n

to 1780


§rs

\

awe

‘hit

ill-EB

WORCESTER

This Factory was established, in 1751, by Dr. Wall and

others. The invention of transfer printing on porcelain is

attributed to Dr. Wall, but is also claimed for Sadlcr, of

Liverpool, and Dr. Pott, of Berlin.

Woncns'rss. s p p blue 1751

or gold

,, Dr. Wall ,, 1, n

,, Imitation of Chinese marks ,, p blue ,,

or red

,, Many marks are found in p p blue 17—

this style, in imitation or red

of Oriental.

Factories. I 8 3

Woecms'rme. . s p p blue 17—

Imitation Dresden marks or red

'1) /

h, ' I‘ Q' ,9

X l

c ,, Flight n p 1) blue 1783

and name onlv

gl‘ybtzgafi ,, Fllflhl z} Burr ,, ,, ,, 1193

i} B ,, Barr ~ h p inc 1793

,, Barr, Flight 4- Barr ,, imp 1807

BF

Also F B B, and names

in full.

Pottery and Porcelain Factories.

9

Absolom Yam.

E

\VORCESTER,, And Ohamberlains only.

,, Grainger, Leo nf' Go.

,, Richard Holdship. A

Decorator’s mark. He

also worked for Derby.

thzmme, Bavaria

YARMOU'Z'H ..A Decorator Also with

name in full

ZURICH, Switzerland

111;

pot

hp

pr

p color

p blm

1; blue

178—

1800

175—

17—

H

1759

W.C.P.

Oriental. 1 8 5

ORIENTAL MARKS.

CHINA.

CHINESE porcelain is said to date from about a century before the

Christian era; their pottery is of the greatest antiquity, and, like the

porcelain, is of every quality. The oldest example that can now be

obtained is of the Ming period, though, if the marks could be relied on

there are many pieces of the 10th century still to be found, but marks

are so easily imitated, and Chinese potters are so fond of reproducing

old patterns with marks complete, that very little reliance can be placed

upon them. The best periods of the manufacture of porcelain during

the Ming dynasty, were——

% 5k Yung-lo 1403 to 1424

fig Seuen-ti'h 1426,,1435

\

1J6 fill Ching-hwu 1465 "1487

'=i='

1%751- Ken-tsing 1522 ,,1566

—H

11ml"LE) Wan-Iei'h 1573 ,,1619

Egg Shell” were was first made in the Yung-lp period.

The Swen-tth was famous for all sorts of coloured ware.

I86 ' Pottery and Porcelain.

The Ohing-hwa produced the best ware and the finest

4% 7C . . . .decoration. This mark commands larger prices in Europe

5 than any other. The dark rich blue of the Koa-tching and

% the white granulated surface of the Waa-lei‘h, are very

_' choice. “ Old blue China,” or Nankin ware, is from the Im

perial factories at King-te-chin—a town of potters named after King-fe,

the Emperor, who first patronized the manufactory in 1004—1007. The

ware bore the “ six mark" dates until 1667, when they were forbidden

by an edict from the governor of the province, lest any piece being

broken, the Emperor’s name might be profaned by being carelessly

thrown on the dust heap. This blue ware was made by direction of the

Emperor, who ordered it to be of the colour of the sky after the winter

rains.

The marks on Chinese work are seldom either Factory or Painter’s

marks. M. Stanislas Julien gives the mark of a potter of the Wan-leih

period, named Hao-chi-khieoa, who excelled in writing verses and in

painting; he appears to have taken religious vows and lived in retire

, ment; his mark is Ou-intao-jin. Ou, the hermit. M.

5% E Jacquemart mentions a. “six mar ," “sold by Pei-iching,

A ’ made by Kien-ki.” Some of those given are no doubt

' ‘ makers’ names—as San-yuh, Mountain of Gems; but the

marks most commonly found are in four or six characters, and denote

the date of the manufacture.

The “ six mark" may be made out from the table of dates without

much trouble, except from badly formed characters, handwriting being

as varied in China. as elsewhere.

Chinese writing is arranged in columns commencing at tne right,

reading dowmvards. If in a horizontal line it reads from right to left.

Oriental. 1 87

WOO“ YA

isNEEN'MINC

est

@2thcuscumc'rstmc

The first and second characters of the “ six mar " show

TA

the dynasty, thusi the third and fourth, the periodMING

(né'en haou), name of the years; the fifth signifies

E year, and the sixth gig made.- thus, Tot-Ming, Hung

woo, ne'en che. Great Ming (illustrious) dynasty, Hung

woo, years; made. 1368 to 1398. Or arranged thus, Ta

Ming, Seuen-ti'h, n'o'en, che. Made in the Seue’n-tih period

of the Ming dynasty. 1426 to 14135.

The next example is—

Ta Ts’hing, Yang-citing, ne'en, che, Great Ts’hing (pure)

dynasty Yung-ching period. 1723 to 1735. The “four

mark” is more troublesome, as it does not give the

dynasty it necessitates a search through the whole list of

dates; it is read in the same order, thus: “King-till.

n'e'en, ehe, made in the King-tih period, about 1004 to

1007.

The square marks called the Imperial Seal, which have

been in use from the beginning of the last century, are

read in the same way; they are written in an archaic

character that is only understood by antiquaries, and

are usually very badly done. In the list given, from the

best examples that could be obtained, it will be seen that

the first, second, fifth and sixth, which should be alike in all, vary

considerably; “four mark” seals are also given which show similar

variations.

_4 oo 00


it!P?hates

'r

Gillies»

E7:

5119,AK

‘1‘

1

’2

Dates are also written thus: Wan-lel’h pah'n-éen chc.

Wan-léih eighth year, made 1580.

i All these may be known as dates by the last characters,

NL-‘en year; and she, to make, form or fashion.

Sometimes another character is used, N‘e‘en tsaou, made

or make.

Ta Ming-she-hé'e'n, made in the time of the Great Ming

government. An example was found that probably read

thus : but it was too confused to be read with certainty;

the piece was modern ware. '

I To Ming 'né'en che, made in the years of the Great Ming.

This is also to be found, but is probably a modern mark.

Another mode of dating is by the cycle of sixty years,

but as only the year of the cycle is given it does not

identify the period.

. 24th year

p blue

Oriental.

Mnmnnsmmgmmrib+%%HWE&LiEH\iH

\'\

,v

I

One example was written thus—

lVoo shin neon 0721:, 5th year p blue

The first column is called the ten celestial stems, and

the second the twelve terrestrial branches. The twelve

“branches” are the Chinese Zodiac: The Rat, Bull,

Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Serpent, Horse, Sheep, Monkey,

Cock, Dog and Boar. The ten “stems” are double

characters; they are allied to the five Chinese elements:

Water, Fire, Wood, Metal and Earth. This system is

also used in Japan and Siam. The 76th cycle commenced

in 1864.

EigqifiquBrrqlEPs/EF $27F§$11¥EP l

m] ZSZEZ42jiZ32EZ22ZthflZ, a

asarnesnaanaenwans

erarraarazrearrnTr

$f§55$fi4sf§f§ss¥I§25§fi15 hifigs

$E“EE%ZEMEE%WE%EE6

$ “W@“¥hwfifififififirfi1

asserts arrive?“ are 8

arnraosaesaerioerg

an

Pottery and Porcelain.

The most interesting of these dates is that used in

the year 1721, Yew sin-chow 116m che. Made in the Sin

chow year again (recurring). The Emperor Kang-he

came to the throne in the 38th year of the 68th cycle,

and died in 1722. He therefore had reigned for a whole

cycle on the recurrence of the 38th year in 1721, an

event unexampled in Chinese history.

In a later example the date is given both by the year

of the Emperor, and the year of the cycle.

T’hung-che shih m-h new. Ku'ci yew, 12th year of

T’hung-che. 10th year of cycle=1874. The 11th

year also commences in 1874.

DATES.

TA MING Dynasty __ _ qSeuente 14.6

-- l!“

_ *Ching-t’hung 1436

Hung-woo ... 1368 E. ‘King-tae 1450

Keen-wan 1399 fifik

“7% 3i l*T’héen-shun 1457

Yang-lo 1403 '1» l

’ fiji ‘Chinv-hwa 1465Hung-he 14125 l

* Some authorities reverse these t_wo periods—they both

belong to the Emperor Yung (171mg, who was taken

prisoner by the Tartars, and held captwe for seven years.

Oriental. 191

IlI

slB'é

\9

Ii'ér‘mm

l

mI

El

\

I

as\

gb Hung-che 1488 7: TA TH’SINQ Dynasty

.lE Ching-tih 1506

=1:- @7{ T’héen-ming 16169% Kea-tsing 1522

fig T’heen-tsing 1627

Lung-king 1567 gas #1"

% If“? 7LT: Tsung-te 1636

W -1”l 1573fi an en Shun-che 1644

\

w T - h 1620'1\ a9 0 ang Kang-he 1662

l .. y —"-r

7:\: Theen-khe .. 1621 Xz/E Yung_ching 1723

I44

1—1 _

711‘ Tscng-chmg 1628 Kéemhmg 1736

-.!:

glk Tsung‘kwans 164-4 1% Kea-king 1796

4 _u_.

Shauwwoo 1646 [Léé Taon-kwang 1822

Eli: It)

Lung-woo 1646 E D Han-fung 1351

A — I .Yung-leih 1647 JD [5] Thugs“ 1861

Kwang-seu . 1876

DATES in the “ Seal” Character.

Six Characters.

Ta-th'sing, Shun-che ni‘en che ... 1641

If\,

\Q - Pottery and Parcelam.

T’hu'ng-clw 1861

Kang-he 16625‘ 325%_@E!

E53. NE

’51/w

Four Characters.

Ching-hwa 1465

isu Probably a. forg ery.

Yung-ch1'ng 1723 I:

Shun-she 1644

BREE

FE-lfiEEr

:\-_-.

Ell-IE

_rm

g Kijen-Z'ng 1736 IEE%

EKé‘en-Zung 1736

E

§§E

fi [mm

Kan-Ling 1796 Taou-kwang 1822

53E

Han-fang 1851J

J

Taou-kwomg 1822)Q -_—

51M? \‘ T’hung-che_.. 1861

Han-fun!) 1851 ‘ Fifi T“'(i\g:$?>;ti§r.s'_

willm _ l U Timmy-chm. 1861

fl55::

Oriental. I 9 3

\O

9E

"I

BAT.

Fuh, used as a synonym for happiness.

DRAGON,

With five claws, is an Imperial emblem, with four, of

the blood royal, and with three, of the nobility. Lung

fung, a. dragon and a phoenix (divine bird of felicitous

omen), was a mark of the Seuen~tc period, 1426 to 1435.

FISH.

The two fish, an emblem of domestic felicity, is .1

mark usually found on old blue or Nankin ware; it is

one of the earliest known, from 969 to 1106. Cups with

handles in the form of a red fish are of the Scum-ta

period.

FLOWER.

Many varieties of this mark are found in blue and also

in colours. A sesmnum flower painted under the foot of

a vase, &c., is a mark of Tau-chemo, 969 to 1106.

The C'he plant, a kind of fungus, used as an emblem

of longevity. 0


Emblem of longevity.

(?) Bat and peach.

(?) The lotus.

H041, a small flower p1inted inside a. cup, is a mark of the

Yang-lo period, 1413 to 1424. It signifies pleasure in

a vicious sense.

FLY,

Or Butterfly, is found on old “ Nankin."

Orienlal.

.0/)‘IR

/

af‘\

l‘)

5thans

GRASS.

The “grass mark” is probably a. water plant. About

A.D. 960 some such mark was used to denote were of the

best quality.

INSCRIPTIONS.

A great variety are to be met with on old porcelain,

often in the place where the European mark is found.

Some are compliments and good wishes; others are in

praise of the articles inscribed; many are quotations from

the poets and classical authors of all ages. These last are

not exemplified.

Tsew, wine. Small white cups thus marked were used by

the Emperor Kea-tsing, 1522 to 1566.

K'e'cn, rectitude. Mark of an early period, said to be on

articles sent to disgraced Mandarins.

Show, long life. This is a common Oriental compliment,

“May you live for ever,” and occurs oftener

than any other character. It has many variations,

sometimes a piece of pottery or porcelain is marked

with a hundred or more; these 5L0 filled “the

hundred show.” _

196 Partery and Porcelain.

Varieties of Show. Longevity

emamemonswamoneasEsag

aretaxwowem

are.amamwe1%

film:W

emem

em

.eraman

ea.

as...ea

is

as..vmonaim

we...amass

1Q...

.3.

ea

as.we@eéas

so.

asemamameggsas

we

am

$1M

$11@me

warmgm1%

am.am

mewgm

em

ems/1wamism1%.em

seamem

mam

ammo1%

iwvm

@mmr1%?

.3Q

@mm.

2%

1mm“

type.Ew83

1%..@DM

Eww

101%AR.

...AMQMM

Oriental. 1 97

$5.1:stfi+<ilnt$@4112

Show, is also drawn in circular, oval and elongated forms.

e

In Show this form is known as the spider mark.

ee"E

asm@1194»

/:1:

ll

Ena EPEE

1’».A

v

:13

II

1&8)“glove @1115 int

E45

FLIIE

Happiness, divine protection, felicity.

Also written in many different ways.

new it


Prosperity, wealth, great pos

sessions

_ _ __ -" q

if: [Fri/t, la‘r’h, and show arez\7“<

5 1 rm \ often found together.

\KW]:-ttt“‘EEPJ'

. Lil/Li

ll

l

l

\’

€ \ F17 Prosperous.

g [{th Felicity, good luck.

Jade, a gem, beautiful, precious, valu

i Yir’h { able, &c., known as the F mark, being

4_ often indistinct, and like that letter.

X Wan Literature. On articles made for use of

literary men,therulingclass of China.

‘ Hing Exalted, highly esteemed.

/\

' b: 'l't 'tENE] (i!) Kc A vessel, vase, abl 1 y, capaci y.

lélfit

‘33,]; Paou Precious valuable.

gr ’1

ii Ting Perfect.

Shun Elegant.

I i

Oriental.

“\

Hi?“\\\\

K01)

Shi’th

Tsuen

Ki-ng

Ch’ha

U'oo f12h

Chin. 111711.

Y12h chin

Wan yak.

Antique.

Holy.

Complete, perfect, a name.

Good, excellent, congratulations.

Name.

riches, health, the love of virtue, and

J The five blessings: which are long life,

1 a natural death;

Precious or valuable jade.

Jade of great value; pearl of great price.

This is an example of the way marks

are usually written. -

Rare jade.


areHH

\ \

em:spas

l

v

\

f A precious rarity.

i A valuable curiosity.

Veritable jade. Chin yuh / ‘

»

Chin Man

I

An elegant rarity. Yew wan‘ .. Great prosperity felicity

T“ Kath { or good fortune.

Western jade. The best I

jade comes to China

from the West. l

A pivot, and the most

polite expression for

the house of another.

Palace of the centre

of the universe—mark

used 1260—1367.

Ginger preserved in syrup. '

Inexpressihly precious. Paoushz'ng

A fruit (called dates, by

Europeans) in syrup

——Gh0w Chow. Both

marks of the Km

tsing period, 1522—66.

The arrival of friends. Yew lae

Name—imp on old ware.

Red olive—cinnamon.

The kwei is a me

taphor for literary

honours.

Name—p blue on old ware.

0/100 foo

Kcang t’lmg Htv

2:>1?

Tsaou t'cmg

Tlmg you

Tom kwei

eeew

Yng ching

Oriental. 20 I

Wm- foo citing Made to‘multiply (or increase the stock

of) vemed Jasper.

“HALL " MARKS.

There has been some uncertainty as to the exact

meaning of the word tang, but Mr. Franks has ascer

tained. that it means the name of the establishment at

which the specimens so marked were made.

Jin ho Iowan Hall of brotherhood and peace.

Luh e tang Waving bamboo hall.

Hall for the honourable reception of

those who have gone before.Fung seen tang

Hall of ancestors.

Khe yih

E Made at the Hall of rare jade.

tang chc

Tsae jun ‘

g Made at the Hall of brilliant colours.

tang che

to O to Pottery and Porcelain.

alarm“ Elna

yi\C

FfirstkH§'

she

a???‘21 7|

was

Ching tilt

Made at the Hall of virtuous research.

,. MAMade at the Hall of WW” ififik

advantage. lung 6]“;Pm: yak Made at the Hall 01

[an] 67.0 the jeWi-lled girdle.

Made at the Hall of Li” 2/1”” iabundant jade. tang 67w %1 E

T” m Made at the Hall of the

tang Che violet embroidery.

Made at the Hall 01's Task” 2 d\

the great tree. ( tang Che %w

tang clio

King Mei Made at the Hall of wor

mng Che ship and veneration.

J4

Made at the encouragc- Yang ho §

mentofharmonyliall. tang 0718 %

Ming |

Fuh The illustrious Fo's (01' Buddha) hall of au

dience or prayer.

Yué

Tang

Oriental. 203

Yah tang Beautiful vase (or excellent vessel) of the

[cm k6 jade hall—the Academy.

W” “h Made at the mu of the cultiva

tang che tion of virtue. E \‘b

Antique made at} Shin Uh tang \ ll/\

the Skin tih )fi

Hall_ 105 koo size 511m

Tseu shunmoi 1, #5“.

Made at the Hall of beautiful jade. -

yuh tang chc

fimg koo Che lean Hall, named after a distinguished

Kingle'cnlang {Imitation of antiques made at the King

scholar.

F17h kwci zWealth, honours, and a long spring time,

Chang chm ’ or lasting youth.

\Vealth, honours, g F71h kiwi 'E E

and long life. (.hlm - 5E, g mmy A

p El\Iécn Icwan

May heaven confer happiness.

tszc f1771'

204. Pottery and Porcelain.

* l r .

in E" i like mm \Vondcrful precious stone, resembling

a jewel.

th chin a"

A gem rare as jade.

jou yih E 96>

' En i , .

fiéi \chulg yew The elegant collections of the Holy

- Friends.

3” ‘ P6 koo For the learned in antiquities, a valu

_ able curiosity.I"; .5. chin wan

Elegant, perfect and precious ting, 01'

metal vase used for burning joss

stick or incense.

IVan yiih

X.

5E; paou ting

_|__ ‘ Scholarship lofty as the Hills and the

FL‘ )L Wan \“hanfl Great Bear. Compliment comparing

\ -I-.¢ ' ' '\ ‘ E Sham tow thcreciplenttothemountaln Tae Sham

,/

3i 2I] l

Made for the connoisseur of beautiful

and the north pole or star, Pih tow,

if % Mai yih

jade.A" I ya aka

3% Nlm chum

The elegant jade of Nan chucn.

i kin 'yfih

Oriental. ‘ 205

D a}

\>\\

‘rH

\“nl‘lg (hiin

insEH

&I_r\

H“Hi

‘'3!\iIE»i_

9‘ lb.1.

(iiim

U,'

raF

I I

time9PM

Wan show

An unlimited long life.

woo kcang

[EH E US, In “Seal” characters.

GM we” } Precious reward for the lover of the

chin shang water 1113'

Shwae foo

For the public usa of the general’s hall.

kzmg yimg

chae Che the other marked Ching tih Hall.

Koang nzz'ng

Keang mng kaou maker.

kaou tsaou,

Chang ming Chan ming tsoang made it. Said to be

Chan wing } Chan tsing chac maker. One of a pair,

} as old as the Sung dynasty 960—1127.tsoang che


Y1ng ching

} Made for the service of Y1mg citing.

yu che

Le’cn ching 1

(i) Name.

khc 71010 ,i

of gems.

. ,- f gJ0 67”“ } Deep like a treasury (éi‘ $1?

fiat $255

This mark is of frequent occurrence, but is usually

very indistinct.

chin tsaug

Kéi'h tscang

As fortunate as you can desire.

jou e

A gem among precious vessels of rareth she paou

stone.ting chc chin

Oriental. 207

1.5-! fi

ZI

we:

5 ,3}.

flee

§%%'

Be it

fié

25w

Khe 2 ah aou ' .J p } A gem among precious vessels of rare

ting che chin ade’

For the possessor of a true and faithful

heart this elegant gem was made.

Ohng you mai 1

yfih ya chc J

Show110 mm shun, Long life as south mountain.

F011 jou tzmg hai,Happiness similar east sea.

Nan~shan is a mountain in Fong-thesang-fou. The in

scription may be read, May you live to be as old as

the hills, and your happiness he as great as the sea

is wide.

LEAF.

The leaf mark is very common on pieces of every period ;

probably a leaf of the artemisia, an emblem of good

augury.

$9“


k u) Bamboo leaves; used as a. mark in a. factory of

King-te-chin, 1573 to 1619.

\k NUMERALS.

ii "' I Yfih... 1

a" :- H um 2

g —=— W San 3

5? m X Sn 4

15 fi } 5

IE 7" '- Lew 6

‘Z-fi 4: '—"- Tseih 7

fill A; Pa '8

UL 7L2 Kew... 9

iii} 1‘ '1' Shih... 10

These are given to assist in deciphering dates.

Orienml. 209

an emblem of longevity.

g \? RABBIT, ,

' or Hare, sacred to the moon, found on old Nankin ware,

jff

SACRED AXE,

so called, it is probably the symbol Fuh embroidered on

g the Emperor‘s sacrificial robes; perhaps an equi

valent for Full, Happiness.

° _ SHELL,

a Buddhist emblem. A shell was lent by the Government

| to the ambassadors to Loochoo, to ensure them a

prosperous voyage.

& g ‘ .

SQUARE.

I’twu. Precious, valuable.

P


D! Ii K100, National or Governmental.

/

l Tc shan, name.

Slum yzih or Sham wang, name.

% On old were, dragon pattern.

2% Foiqul on old Nankin ware; imitated by factories of

\* v urope.

Chinese.

2 La Ohih, name.

@\ Maker or decorator's mark. Called House marks by the

Oriental. 2 I 1

Chung-huh she The Chung-huh family.

Foil kwez' 1 Beautiful vase for_ the wealthy and

law lee or noble; or wealth, honours, and a

wong he [ vast intellect or capacity.

Ling Chang

Made by Ling Chang-tsee.

lsee tsaou

C'hz'n chow

Valuable (vase) to explain the future.

she tsuen

chin tsang

Made by (01' for) the 10rd of the Heae

bamboos. Heae is the name of the

place where Ling Lun, minister of

the fabulous Emperor Hwang Ti, cut

bamboos to form in usical instruments.

Hcae chuh

J0 shin

Deep like a treasury of gems.

choo jin tsaqu {

Tsu'h Chin Nnine.

2 1 2 Pottery and Porcelain.

g" H Examples of marks on Canton ware, of recent date

@ possibly to represent the Imperial “ Seal.”

P

ill

[a ~ ~ »

SYMBOLIOAL ORNAMENTS.

1 2 3 4 5 6

Poo-paw. The eight precious things.

1. Pearl or “ tide jewel.” 2. Probably a coin as an emblem of riches.

3. Probably one of the dual symbol (2) the female. 4. Variant of last or

male of dual symbol. 5. Kiny, emblem of happiness or luck. 6. Pro

bably books. 7. Rhinoceros horns. 8. Leaf of artemisia, emblem of

good augury. ~

Oriental. 2 I 3

seine

5 6 7 8

k':'_) Il") ,1% "““" _

Pa che siang. The eight lucky emblems of the Buddhists.

1. Chung, a bell. 2. L0, a chank shell. 3. San, State umbrella.

4. Kac, a canopy. 5. Hum, the lotus, this is always without fillets.

6. Kwan, a vase with cover. 7. Yu, two fishes united by fillets, may

signify domestic felicity. 8. Chang, an emblem of longevity. These

emblems are found as marks, and are also used in decoration.

%

'Efi

%

®Q

lVan-lsc, Ten thousand things, everything, all creation.

The “swastika” or fylfot ; cross of Buddha.

n n 1!

King, an emblem of good fortune.

This is also intended to give forth a sound when struck ;

it is used as a tuning fork ; it has been mistaken for

a Masonic emblem.

Gourd, an emblem of longevity, inscribed Fuh, happi

ness, in “ Grass " character.

J'oo-c, or sceptre of longevity, and musical instruments.

214 Pottery and Poreelain.

J

geae%%s&%esPeach and bat, the peach is an emblem of longevity and

the bat of happiness, here they symbolise the phrase

Fuh show shwrmg chuen, a two-fold perpetuation of

happiness and longevity.

Pi, a pencil, ting, a cake of ink, joo-e, a sceptre of

longevity symbolizing the phrase, Pi ting joo a.

May things be fixed as you desire.

l I‘uou. Precious things. Pencil and roll of paper.

TABLE.

Many varieties of this mark are found on old Nankin

ware. It was imitated by Delft, Dresden, Worcester,

and other factories of Europe. Mr. Franks is of opinion

that it is a four-legged vase with a high ear on each side.

Probably a wedding cup.

Oriental. 2 l 5

These figures occur so often on old ware, especially that

intended for sacrificial use, that a. few words may be given

to explain their purport.

The unbroken line Yang, represents the masculine or

perfection; the divided line Yin, the feminine or imper~

fection. The group of four is called the See-sccmg or

four similitudos; the eight are the Pa-qua. or eight sym

bols of Fo’h-he. The circle was added by Chow, a. member

of the Sung dynasty, who analysed and explained them.

The circle represents the original principle, the waved

line dividing it makes the dual power or the active and

passive principles of creation, it is called the Tae-keih,

this when in action, produced a male power, when at rest

a female power. From these were generated four visible

forms which represent in the innumerable combinations

of the eight symbols, the changes and transmutations

that take place in nature and in the afl'airs of the world.


JAPAN.

Tun manufacture of pottery is said to date from B.C. 660. A factory

was established by Corean potters A.D. 200. The first good glazed

pottery was made at Seto about 1230, by Téshiro, who had learnt the

art in China. Porcelain is said to have been first made by Gorodayu

Shonsui, who also studied in China, and on his return in 1513 settled in

Hizen.

The great centre of the Japanese manufacture is in the province of

Hizcn, where twenty-five villages are congregated on a mountain which

affords a plentiful supply of material for their work. Other districts

have, however, their'peculiar wares, some of which are undoubtedly of

great antiquity.

The marks used in Japan are usually the name of the factory or of

the maker or decorator ; sometimes all are given.

DATES

are marked in the same fashion as the Chinese, sometimes the year of the

period is written :

\ I I

gig Ten‘sho’ } 1780 E‘ Q JB-O, } 16r3

Fl); 711mm J a

11%

L 5; 2nd Year

lei/1‘s “ 7

As a rule it may be assumed that when an article is marked Dai

Nipon it is a. modern production; Chinese periods are to be found on

work made after Chinese patterns.

K V

3

Gen-chü ...

Mei-tolku ...

Ö-ei ...

Shö-chö ...

Ei-kiö

Ka-kitsu ...

Bun-an ...

Hö-toku ...

Kö–toku ...

Kö-shö

Chö-roku...

Kwan-shö

Bun-shö ...

Ö-nin

Bum-mei ...

Chö-kö

1449

14:52

1455

1457 |

1460

1466 |

1467

IE3

73------------

7

EUR

1469

1487

En-toku ...

Mei-ö

"Bun-ki

Ei-shö

Dai-ei

Kö-roku ...

Tcm-bun ...

Köji...

Ei-roku ...

Gen-ki

Ten-shö ...

Bun-roku...

Kei-chö ...

Gen-na

Kwan-ei ...

Shö-hö

Kei-an

Jö-ö ...

Mei-reki ...

Man-ji

\nPottery and Porcelain.

kI"!

00

I

\I

I

nE

%w8%

1mmw@m

\'>2! 1“

9\

(:lE'IT

~11a

4m

HQEMHI

(a: m:aa

‘1“

m': ‘m

.n1

-\-'\1:

xw'}‘Fu\

8

Kwam-bun

Em-pT)

Tun-nu

JOliiT)

Gc|1~r0ku116-01

ShO-tukuK1611?»

Gem-bunK\vam -pfi

Ell-kifi

Kwan-cnHG-rekiMei-\va

An-ei

1661

1673

“H 35

H%

T11 :1.

1tK

MY

Tem-mei

Kwan-sci ..

Kifi-wn

Bun-kwaBun-sci

Tom-116

K6 kwa

Ka-ci

An'sci

Man-en

Bun-kifi 1 .

Gen-ji

Kei~6

Meiji

FACTORIES AND WARES.

1mp

1781

1789

1801

1804

1818

1830

1844

1848

1854

1860

1861

1864

1865

1868

Akahada ware, Kfiriyama, founded about 1644—47-'

Aka-hada, name of factory '

Arita, see Hizen.

Oriental. '2 1 9

C VsK

3%

2319

as“we

Asahi, Uji, established 1644—47.

Asa-hi, Morning light, so named from

colour of the ware imp

Min-310i.

Awaji, established about 1840 by Ka-shz'u Min-psi.

Nipon

Aim-fl (Made by) Kashiu Sanpci in

Kwshz'“ Awaji, Japan.

San-poi

AWATA.

Awata, see Kioto.

Banko Kichibei, established by, 1652—60 at Koume-mu

ra, near Tokio, known as Yedo Banko, now closed. imp

Isé Banko.

.Vipon Banko.

Shiba-ta 1 Made by Shihata Banko,

tsuku'ru J Japan imp

Banka.

5)

Articles known as Banko were are now made at

Kuwana, Yokka-ichi, and neighbourhood.


1 Nipon

aa } name

imp

ZR Shivgen, name

:1: l

X' 4% i Baum 1 Not easy ,,

. . Difficult.a Nat yous-iii J

4%;

% \ Bank-0, The eminent of flowers inc

he 35 l Go-so, name imp

4-.—

P Bizen, supposed date, B. C. 97—30.

g1? ‘ At Imbe-mura a kiln has been worked since 1390.

H“! Ro-kei sei, Made by Rokei, modern mark.

are ‘ ~

‘ Fujina, commonly called Idsumo ware.

~55 Fqua, Matsuye.

3]? . Un-yei, name.

Oriental. 2 2 I

,.I

die(fitfeeh?

Mammu

14 U-F’;

\. :

fiberWI2“

m

(a

r.HlQ‘55

we(“52:is

$11112leer

Hirnto, Mikaweji, Hizen, established 1655—57.

The were was made for the use of a. prince of the

Matsu-um family, not for sale.

Hirato, 111ikawnji.

Hirato Shi-aye lsukuru, Shiaye maker.

Mikawaj17.

Mari Chikara tsukuru.

Hirato.

0 tome yaku, The honourable close of burning.

The prince closed the factory; the article so marked

may have been the last fired.

Hizen. A large number of kilns have been worked in

this province, but only those so marked are named here.

Hezm Arita K'wmi. Arite is an important town where

many noted kilns are situated. Kami, name.

Nishi Hezzm Arita yama, West Hezen.

Nan-iii sci, Made by Nandi.

Pattery and Porcelain.

chcn.

Shin-116 tsuku'ru, Made by Shinpo.

Hezen.

Reki-san tsukuru, Made by Rekisan.

Hizcn.

Sara yam.

Fuka-gawa (sci omitted), Made by (Yeizaynnon) Fukw

gawa at Arita.

Fukami (Smninosuke').

Fukami, Arita; also \‘_|_ Fuka with Hezen and Great

Japan. L“

Hishu Arila.

Ten-taz' tsukuru, Made by Tentai.

Oriental. 2 2 3 li%’£\\\l

'lhrshbrfiw

it}leer

wees(s:EE-EIII.415

es

ZO-sh'lm toi.

Sam-126 sci, Made by Sampfi at the Zoshun

(inclosure of Spring) Hall.

Zd-shun toi.

Sui-chi tsukuru, Made by Saichi.

Arita ware is also known as Imari.

Niehi Hizon.

Fukmgttwoi sci, Made by Fnkagawa of

Niehi Hizen. On Okawaji ware.

Imado, Tokio.

Go-saburo, name.

Origin unknown imp

Kaga or Kutani ware, established about 17th century.

Kutani, The nine valleys p red

Kutani p gol rl

224. Pottery and Porcelain.

Kutani tsukzn'u, Made at Kutani p red

6*»re

1‘7 Kaga fly” Kaga ? m

p o’p\\ Kutani 95% [7%) Kutmzi s g

1) H

772 Kaga Kulam' p red

16I

g ,, tmtklmo p black

Dm' Nipon, Great Japan.‘§:§

em»$72! Kutlmi sci, Made at Kntani [1' black

1L

/ \

5/; Kutani Bokuzan, name p blue

11!

‘ Kutam', in centre the name To mu, :1

I] " decorator pred

“Men:Dai Nipon.

To zan no in, Seal of Tozan

Oriental. I 225

mm PM

i

W Kiyo-zan, name ,,

'8 i

1

® [ Pon-‘zan ,, imp

i

is? Diwo-zo ,, ,,

' U '

To-wo ,, ... p red

77“ :71? Kutam' sei, Made at Kutani.

% Z:

ibf‘ it], Kayo, Na-Ice'n, Kaga Long house ... p black

>9?

2&2" Dai Nipan Kulani, omitted.

Uchi-mni kichi-zo, name

Q

226 Pottery and Poreelain.

a th-zan, name, Yuzan Hall, Kutani.

Fuku, happiness

Rok“, riches Are often found on Kaga. ware.

Ju, long life

Kioto. A potter entitled Nin-sei, 1644—51, erected

kilns in various places; amongst them were those still

working at Awata, Kinkozan, and Kiomidzu.-

12 Nin-sei, Mark of Nonomura Ninsei about 1650 imp

A '

J 1 2 7 ,, I,

_ Awata ware.

Nipon Kioto, Japan, Kioto.

Kin Ice zari tsulcuru, Made by Sobei Kinkozan p gold

% Kinkozan I. _ imp

Oriental. 2 2 7

H0 zany, name

Iehi-gaya.

Tan-zan, Mark of Seikai Tanzan imp

r—fi T’)

m ‘ anzan

\_1_/ I

er

.fi; :1 p black

11

Lu 1

I

g Iwa-lcum-zan, Mark of I. Kichibeye imp

o

w

'57?!


Ia C Ken-mu, Mark of Ogata Shinsho, about

1730...

p brown

Kiomidzu ware.

Soi kan ji, Name of village whence came

the maker.

\

l

§‘5 Dohcwhi', name imp

J \I

\

é ,, (Takahashi D.) inc

7\

i? Kan-:(m, name, K. Denshiehi p

\-— .

7H3?- Soz-f'u, name . p

m With “Great Japan,” “maker,” etc.

Ki-toi, name, Wake Kitei.

Oriental. 2 2 9

Kishiu ware. Wakayama, an old-established kiln ;

wares greatly improved in 1827.

Kai-mica } Made at the garden of

yewsai mingled enjoyment imp

Shit-lea D6, Early flower Hall.

Yeiraku ware, made at an old establishment by the

Zengo'ro family. Riyozen (the 10th generation) was the

first to make porcelain. The Prince of Kii honoured him

with the title Yeimlcu, and presented him with the

seals used as marks.

Ka'hin } The branch factory of the river. Seal

ski-#7:“ used by Yeiraku Riyozen about 1810.

Yei-raku, Perpetual enjoyment.

Dai Nipon.

Yea-mien tsukuru.

Makuzu, near Kioto.

Fu-ji yo, Made at the Fuji kiln of Maknzu.

Ma-k’ltz'tt tsukuru.


Mak'azu yo p blue

Ko-z'an tsukuru, Made by Kozan at the Makuzu kiln.

Minato ware, near Saki, Idsumi. Of great antiquity,

it is believed that Giyoji, the inventor of the potter’s

wheel, was the first to work here.

Minalo yakz', Minato ware imp

Mino ware. \Vorked in 17th century. Porcelain first

made in 1810.

NW)" Mi‘no 7mm} Made by Kaito Gosuké, in the pro

Kaito Gomtké 8m- vince of Mine, Japan.

Raku ware, used in the tea ceremonies. Introduoed

by a Corean named Ameya, 1658—69. He settled at

Kioto, and worked with clay found at Juraku. Taiko

Hideyoshi honoured the son of Ameya, Chojiro, with a

seal engraved Raku, enjoyment, since which it is called

Ralou yaki, and marked with a seal so inscribed.

used by Chojiro Kichizayemon of

Sen-raku } Made at the Senraku garden. Seal

the 11th generation.yen sei

Oriental. 2 3 1

Ohi Raku, Obi-machi, Kaga. Founded 1680 by

C'hozayomon.

5M, seal used by the fourth C.

Osaka Raku, made by Kikko,'187—.

Kilzu-ko or Ki'kko.

Tokio Raku, made by Kozawa. Benshi, who is still

working.

Sado ware. Made of a material found in the mines ;

the ware is scarce, and in Japan is valued both as a

curiosity and as having some medicinal quality. Small

portions are broken ofl', crushed in the mouth and

swallowed for no special disorder, but simply as a good

thing to take.

Ni'pon’ Tovkio Rakuho, potter of Tokio,

to-ko Baku-ho Japan imp

Sado kin gin zan wo moltoi mil-moi d1; kore wo tzukum.

Made of an unnamed material found in the gold

and silver mines of Sado. ‘

232 Pottery and Poreelairt.

Av“?

h“asst

3;

Sho ju

son. hen }

Jo-zan, name.

All written on the soft clay with a. point.

Satsuma, established 1467-86. The Prince brought

putters from Corea about 1592, when the well-known

ware was first made. No mark is found on old ware.

May you live 1000 years.

Satsu-ma.

Naka-jima (sei), Made by N.Soto, Owari, of great antiquity; date unknown.p gold 187—

Dai Ni-pon.

Se-to sci, Made at Seto, Great Japan.

Nipon, Soto. Japan, Seto.

Kan-a moto, Maw-kichi tsukuru, Made by M. Kawamoto.

Oriental. 2 3 3

Dai Ni-pon, Great Japan p blue

Han-sake sci, Made by Hansuké Kawamoto.

Nipon, Seto.

(Q) Eu-roku sei.

Sei-getsu, name of a celebrated painter of porcelain.

A'i-wo, name.

Sin-zan fude, name of decorator.

234 Pottery and Portelain.

lIfldEFPtE

gun

has i

if—\~>~

GM»

(is

F“.r1

Yama—moto She-tan, Name of a celebrated painter of

porcelain.

Seto-Suké, Yokkaichi, established 1764-80.

So-to-suke', Name of factory.

Shiba.

‘ Resident of Shiba in Tokei.

Soi-im-toi, Factory.

Hikomaro, name p black

Soma ware, Naga-mura. It is a popular belief in

Japan that this is the oldest ware made there, and the

possessors of specimens prize them highly. The running

horse with which they are decorated probably dates

from 1670.

So ma, name imp

Oriental. 235

QiKanc-shigeYen zan, name "PP

name

Tokio.

Dai Ni-pon.

Din-to sq; Maker’s name p blue

} Name .

Both marks on one piecé.

Tokz'o.

Matswmoto

p red.

yashi-nobo

Div-to, Maker.

Toyo-ura ware, Nagato, established 1716—35.

Togo-um yama, Name of factory imp

Tozan ware, Himeji. ~ \ .

Hime-ji sei, Made at Himeji.

\

2 36 Pottery and Porcelain.

FLOWER.

Many varieties of this mark occur on porcelain both

old and of recent date.

Q€

11%l

l

\

il .

' LEAF.

; And other varieties are often found on porcelain.

l

lNSCRIPTIONS

Of a similar character to the Chinese are found on all

kinds of ware.

‘ Dzou, long life.

l

l

l

l

l

ratifyHt?W§

So-wo, name h p imp

g; Kami sei, Kami, maker ,, 1) blue

I

‘% Raku-masa tsulcuru ,, p red

,, ,, maker.

a .

RHH Huji-nori, name ,, p blue

/\

4?;

Oriental.

we31%“?@\*>

Mweflew

'-/\//ml!

H \ I

we]weHENew»5%:mki

Ju-shin

Chin tsang I gems

A11 imitation of an old Chinese mark.

Shin f0

Name

se-scki

h.S 1pm i The seven jewels Com

kuaisha { Pally 01' Enamel Co.

Sm sztzu 1 Hall of the increase of

kin 760mg ’ peace and harmony

Fu ki Wealth, honours and

ché min long hfe'

To gig/0k“ 1 Made at the jade pot.

- f tery house __yen set

i Deep like a. treasury of V

237

p blue

,2

,7


Made by Gosuki at the jade

pottery house. h p p blue HI? 3E

%%IE

To giyoku yen

Gosukz' sei

The Chinese dates Scum-tilt and Ching-hu'a a m

are often found on Hezen ware decorated

with old Nailkin patterns. '1G

Gen-M

} Made in the Gen-ki years 1570—73.

awn-sci

Kama yama ‘

The work of Kameyama}

26 no

Fuku-shun km‘L Made by Giyokusei

Spring House.

at Returning

GiyokzL-sci sci §

Oriental. 239

Ki-to ken }

Hokra-lean sei

Made by Hokuhan at the Curious

Pottery House.

SQUARE.

Called House Marks.

Hata, name of a factory h p p red

San-hon, mountain middle, name ,, p blue

Yeh-san or

one mountain, nameItsi-yotma

Ka, felicity.

Goa, strong, name

Pottery and Porcelain, '

411;)“

w

All on blue decorated ware called Hezen ; niarks such

as these are found in great variety, they often difier

in a set of cups and saucers that are evidently from the

same hand.

Roku, wealth.

Aoi, blue.

This appears to be “happiness.”

So-wo, name.

thku, happiness.

VASE.

This curious mark is impressed and coloured; it re

presents a sacred Vessel used in sacrificing and. is in

scribed with the characters Fuku, happiness‘ and id.

longevity. ~

W. H. H.

;

l 370881

Hooper, WJ-l. H6

‘ A manual of marks on 189).;

pottery and porcelain. R

* IIHH WWW”WHSWHI

31 25 9 4

7 ' LIBRARY USE ONLY

UN

1750 8 323

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