a-jaeng alghōzā dulcimer, Appalachian · dulcimer, Appalachian dulcimer, Kentucky dulcimer, lap...

MP-1

a-jaengUSE ajaeng

accordeonUSE accordion

accordionUF accordeon

garmon piano accordion

BT free reed instrumentNT button-key accordion

lootspillaccordion band

An ensemble consisting of two or more accordions,with or without percussion and other instruments.

UF accordion orchestraBT instrumental ensemble

accordion orchestraUSE accordion band

acoustic bass guitarUF bass guitar, acoustic

folk bass guitarBT guitar

acoustic guitarUSE guitar

acoustic guitar, electricUSE electric guitar

actorAn actor in a non-singing role who is explicitly

required for the performance of a musicalcomposition that is not in a traditionally dramaticform.

BT performeradufo

USE tambourineaenas

USE launeddasaeolian harp

UF eolian harpBT zither

aeoliphoneUSE wind machine

aerophoneA musical instrument that creates sound through

the vibration of air without the use of strings ormembranes.

BT instrumentNT armpit squeezing

balloon free aerophone free reed instrument organ whistling wind chime wind controller wind instrument

aerostatUSE balloon

aetherphonUSE theremin

Afghan luteUSE rubab

African hand pianoUSE mbira

agbeUSE cabaca

aggueUSE cabaca

agogoA conical bell or bells mounted on a sprung steel

hoop.UF agogo bells

gan ganBT bell

agogo bellsUSE agogo

ajaengUF a-jaengBT bowed string instrument

zitherala

USE psalteryalbogon

USE albokaalbogue

USE albokaalboka

A Basque hornpipe with two pipes playedsimultaneously.

UF albogon albogue

BT double reed instrument

alghozaUSE algoja

alghozahUSE algoja

algojaA pair of end-blown flutes played simultaneously,

widespread in the Indian subcontinent.UF alghoza

alghozah algoza binon do nally jorhi jori ngoze pava pawa satara

BT duct flutealgoza

USE algojaalpenhorn

USE alphornalphorn

UF alpenhorn alpine horn

BT natural hornalpine horn

USE alphornalto (singer)

USE alto voicealto clarinet

The alto member of the clarinet family, normallypitched in E♭.

UF E♭ clarinet (alto) E-flat clarinet (alto)

BT clarinetalto flute

A flute in G, a fourth below the concert flute.UF bass flute (alto flute)BT flute

alto hornA valved brass instrument of alto pitch that is

similar to a small euphonium in shape.UF cavalry horn

E♭ horn E-flat horn mellophone tenor horn

BT saxhornalto recorder

BT recorderalto saxophone

BT saxophonealto trombone

BT trombonealto voice

UF alto (singer) contralto voice

BT female voice low voice

amadindaA log xylophone of the Ganda people of Uganda.

UF madindaBT xylophone

American dulcimerUSE Appalachian dulcimer

American Indian fluteUSE Native American flute

amzadUSE imzad

anataUSE tarka

angklung (rattle)A tuned bamboo sliding rattle of Indonesia and

Southeast Asia, or a set of such rattles.BT indirectly struck idiophone

angklung (xylophone)An East Javanese xylophone consisting of bamboo

tubes in a frame.UF kechrukBT xylophone

antaraUSE panpipes

anzadUSE imzad

anzhadUSE imzad

Appalachian dulcimerUF American dulcimer

Appalachian mountain dulcimer dulcimer, American

dulcimer, Appalachian dulcimer, Kentucky dulcimer, lap dulcimer, mountain dulcimer, plucked Kentucky dulcimer mountain dulcimer lap dulcimer plucked dulcimer

BT plucked string instrument zither

Appalachian mountain dulcimerUSE Appalachian dulcimer

arame, viola daUSE viola d'arame

araraA drum constructed by the Arara people of Cuba.

BT drumarched-top guitar

USE guitararchicembalo

USE arcicembaloarchiluth

USE archlutearchiphone

A microtonal electronic organ first built in 1970 inthe Netherlands.

BT electronic organarchlute

An extended-neck lute with two peg boxes thatwas principally used in the Baroque period, on whichthe upper courses are tuned like a Renaissance luteand the diapasons are tuned diatonically.

UF archiluth arcileuto arciliuto erzlaute liuto attiorbato

BT lutearcicembalo

A harpsichord equipped with many divided keys, ora second manual, to allow more precise tuning ofdiatonic, chromatic, and enharmonic notes.

UF archicembaloBT harpsichord

arcileutoUSE archlute

arciliutoUSE archlute

arcivioladaslyrasUSE lirone

arciviolataUSE lirone

arciviolataliraUSE lirone

armonicaUSE glass harmonica

armpit squeezingA performer who traps air in his or her armpit and

creates sound through a squeezing motion.BT aerophone

body percussionarpeggione

A fretted bowed string instrument of the 19thcentury, tuned like a guitar.

UF bowed guitar guitar violoncello

BT bowed luteatabaque

A large, narrow, single-headed conical drum fromBrazil.

UF tamborBT drum

atchereUSE cabaca

atentebenAn end-blown bamboo flute from Ghana.

BT duct fluteaudeharp

A wooden harp with sixty parallel strings in twoplanes that intersect near the middle.

BT harpaudience

One or more participants in the performance of amusical work, other than the performer(s) on stage orotherwise presenting the work.

BT ensemble performer

aulosAn ancient Greek reed instrument typically played

in pairs by one player.BT double reed instrument

MP-2

autoharpBT plucked string instrument

zitherautomatic instrument

USE mechanical instrumentautomatic musical instrument

USE mechanical instrumentautomatic organ

USE mechanical organautomatophone

USE mechanical instrumentBʹ♭ tuba

USE tubababadok

A small conical drum played by women in Timor-Leste.

UF babadok drumBT drum

babadok drumUSE babadok

baby rattleA toy rattle usually used to entertain infants, but

sometimes used as a musical instrument.BT rattle

toy instrumentbagana

USE begenabaglama

A Turkish long-necked lute.BT saz

bagpipeUF biniou

cornemuse (bagpipe) musette (bagpipe)

BT double reed instrumentNT border pipes

chiboni dudy gaita (bagpipe) misnice Northumbrian small pipe sordellina uilleann pipe veuze

bagpipe bandUSE pipe band

bajanUSE bayan

bajo sextoA large 12-string Mexican guitar.

BT guitarbala

USE balobalaban (double reed instrument)

A traditional cylindrical oboe of the Caucasas.UF balaman (double reed instrument)BT double reed instrument

balaban (single reed instrument)A single reed instrument of the Uzbek and Tajik

peoples of Central Asia.UF balaman (single-reed instrument)BT single reed instrument

balabaykaUSE balalaika

balafoUSE balo

balafonUSE balo

balafouUSE balo

balalaikaA Russian folk stringed instrument with a long neck

and triangular body.UF balabayka

balalaykaBT plucked lute

balalaika ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more balalaikas.

BT plucked instrument ensemblebalalaika orchestra

An ensemble consisting largely or wholly ofbalalaikas and domras of different sizes, usuallyincluding other Russian or Ukrainian folk instruments,percussion, woodwinds, and one or more bayans.

BT instrumental ensemblebalalayka

USE balalaikabalaman (double reed instrument)

USE balaban (double reed instrument)balaman (single-reed instrument)

USE balaban (single reed instrument)

balaphonUSE balo

balihaUSE valiha

balloonUF aerostatBT aerophone

percussion instrumentbalo

A West African gourd-resonated frame xylophone.UF bala

balafo balafon balafou balaphon

BT mallet instrumentBaltic psaltery

UF kankles kannel kantele kokle

BT psalterybamboo pipe

USE pipe (musical instrument)bambuso sonoro

An experimental bamboo organ designed by artistHans van Koolwijk.

BT organbamsari

USE bansuribamsuri

USE bansuriband

A large ensemble consisting primarily of winds,brass, and percussion.

UF concert band military band symphonic band symphonic wind ensemble symphonic winds wind band wind ensemble (band) wind orchestra wind symphony

BT instrumental ensembleNT big band

brass band drum and bugle corps fife and drum corps marching band

band, washboardUSE washboard band

band organUSE fairground organ

bandolaUSE bandurria

bandolinA 15-stringed instrument from Ecuador that derives

from the bandurria and/or bandola.BT plucked lute

bandoneonA square button-key accordion popular in South

America.BT button-key accordion

bandoraA plucked wire-strung bass instrument invented in

England in the 16th century.UF pandora

pandoreBT plucked lute

bandouraUSE bandura

banduraA Ukrainian plucked-string instrument which

combines elements of lute and zither construction.UF bandouraBT plucked string instrument

bandurriaA plucked string instrument from Spain, Latin

America, and the Philippines.UF bandola

mandurriaBT plucked lute

banjoBT plucked lute

banjo ukeUSE banjo ukulele

banjo ukuleleAn instrument combining a banjo body and ukulele

tuning.UF banjo uke

banjolele

banjouke banjulele ukulele banjo

BT plucked lutebanjolele

USE banjo ukulelebanjouke

USE banjo ukulelebanjulele

USE banjo ukulelebanka

USE ekonbansri

USE bansuribansuri

One of various types of South Asian flutes.UF bamsari

bamsuri bansri basri basuri halur husor solor

BT ductless flutebariton

USE barytonbaritone (singer)

USE baritone voicebaritone horn

The baritone instrument of the saxhorn family,pitched in B♭. For the tenor of the tuba family seeeuphonium

BT saxhornbaritone saxophone

BT saxophonebaritone voice

UF baritone (singer)BT male voice

medium voiceBaroque lute

A lute popular in 17th-18th century Europe that hasten to thirteen courses, and the upper courses aretuned to an open D minor chord.

BT lutebarrel organ

A small organ played chiefly by street musicians, inwhich a barrel with pins or staples is activated by ahand crank.

UF Dutch organ grinder organ hand organ street organ

BT mechanical organNT hydraulic barrel organ

barrel pianoA mechanical piano activated by a hand crank,

with a pinned barrel or cylinder, played chiefly bystreet musicians.

UF cylinder piano pianette piano organ street piano

BT mechanical pianobarydon

USE barytonbaryton

An 18th century bowed string instrument similar tothe bass viol, but with the addition of sympatheticwire strings which could also be plucked with the leftthumb.

UF bariton barydon lyra bastarda paradon paridon pariton viola di bordone viola paredon

BT bowed lutebasque, tambour de

USE tambourinebasri

USE bansuribass, electric

USE bass guitarbass (electric guitar)

USE bass guitarbass (singer)

USE bass voicebass (stringed instrument)

USE double bass

MP-3

bass-baritone (singer)USE bass-baritone voice

bass-baritone voiceUF bass-baritone (singer)BT low voice

male voicebass clarinet

BT clarinetbass drum

BT drumbass flute

A flute pitched in C, an octave below the concertflute.

BT flutebass flute (alto flute)

USE alto flutebass guitar

UF bass, electric bass (electric guitar) electric bass guitar

BT electric guitarbass guitar, acoustic

USE acoustic bass guitarbass horn

USE tubabass pan

USE steel drumbass recorder

BT recorderbass saxophone

BT saxophonebass trombone

BT trombonebass trumpet

USE trumpetbass tuba

USE tubabass viol

USE double bass viola da gamba

bass violinUSE cello

bass voiceUF bass (singer)BT low voice

male voicebasse de Flandre

USE bumbassbasset clarinet

A clarinet similar to the soprano clarinet but with anextended lower range.

BT clarinetbasset horn

BT clarinetbasset recorder

USE recorderbasso continuo

USE continuobassoon

BT double reed instrumentNT contrabassoon

basuriUSE bansuri

bataA double-headed hourglass drum of the Afro-

Cuban Lucumi cult.BT hourglass drum

bayanA Russian chromatic button-key accordion

developed in the 20th century.UF bajanBT button-key accordion

bazooUSE kazoo

bazookaUSE kazoo

BB♭ tubaUSE tuba

beak fluteUSE recorder

begannaUSE begena

begenaAn Ethiopian lyre with a box resonator.

UF bagana beganna

BT lyrebell

BT percussion idiophoneNT agogo

bian zhong carillon

chimes cowbell ekon handbell singing bowl sistro tubular bells

bell, clock chimeUSE clock chimes

bell, songUSE xylophone

bell, tower clockUSE clock chimes

bell lyraUSE glockenspiel

bell lyreUSE glockenspiel

bells, orchestraUSE glockenspiel

bells, orchestralUSE glockenspiel

bells (glockenspiel)USE glockenspiel

benasUSE launeddas

berimbaoUSE berimbau

berimbauA single-string Brazilian musical bow with a gourd

resonator that is played with a stick.UF berimbao

berimbau de barriga urucungu

BT musical bow struck string instrument

berimbau de barrigaUSE berimbau

bian zhongA set of bronze bells of China.

UF pien chungBT bell

bichromatic harmoniumA quarter-tone harmonium invented by Willi von

Mollendorff in the early 20th century.UF harmonium, bichromaticBT reed organ

big bandA band generally of 10-15 solo instruments,

predominantly winds, and sometimes including avocalist, that performs jazz and popular music forsocial dancing.

UF big jazz band dance band jazz band jazz orchestra stage band

BT bandbig jazz band

USE big bandbili

USE guanbilma

USE clapsticksbilo

An ancient Russian percussion plaque or disc thatis suspended from a tree.

BT percussion idiophonebin

USE vinabin bady

USE pin peatbina

USE vinabiniou

USE bagpipebinon

USE algojabirbyne

A single-reed folk instrument of Lithuania.BT single reed instrument

bisonasUSE launeddas

biwaA pear-shaped Japanese lute.

UF chikuzen-biwa gagaku-biwa gaku-biwa gogen-biwa heike-biwa kojin-biwa moso-biwa nishiki-biwa

satsuma-biwaBT plucked lute

Black Sea fiddleUSE kamanche

Black Sea kemenceUSE kamanche

bladder and stringUSE bumbass

bladder fiddleUSE bumbass

block instrumentUSE gottuvadyam

BlockfloteUSE recorder

blulA Kurdish and Armenian open wooden end-blown

flute.UF blurBT ductless flute

blurUSE blul

bodhranBT frame drum

body percussionA performer who creates percussive sounds using

body movements and body parts exclusively.BT concussion idiophoneNT armpit squeezing

body slapping finger snapping foot tapping hand clapping head rapping vocal percussion whistling

body slappingBT body percussion

Boehm fluteUSE flute

bolingozoUSE dulzaina

bombarde (shawm)USE shawm

bombardonUSE tuba

bonangA gamelan instrument consisting of two rows of

horizontal gong-kettles played with two sticks.BT percussion idiophone

bone rattleUSE notched rattle

bonesA folk clapper consisting of a pair of animal bones,

or pieces of wood or similar material, held betweenthe fingers.

BT clapper (percussion)bongo drum

USE bongosbongos

A pair of small Afro-Cuban single headed drumswith hardwood shells.

UF bongo drumBT drum

bonkoOne of four drums in the ensemble associated with

the Afro-Cuban Abakwa cult.UF bonko-enchemiya

enchemiBT drum

bonko-enchemiyaUSE bonko

boomerang clapsticksUSE clapsticks

border bagpipesUSE border pipes

border pipesA bellows-blown bagpipe of the Scottish lowlands.

UF border bagpipes borderpipes lowland bagpipes lowland pipes cauld wind bagpipes cauld wind pipes pipes, cauld wind pipes, lowland pipes, Scotish lowland Scottish lowland bagpipes Scottish lowland pipes

BT bagpipeborderpipes

USE border pipes

MP-4

bouladjelUSE vocal percussion

bouzoukeeUSE bouzouki

bouzoukiA plucked long-necked lute of the Mediterranean

Region.UF bouzoukee

buzuki buzuq

BT plucked lutebowed guitar

USE arpeggionebowed instrument

USE bowed string instrumentbowed lute

An unspecified bowed string instrument of theSachs-Hornbostel lute classification.

BT bowed string instrumentNT arpeggione

baryton campanula cello cellone dilruba double bass fiddle ghichak goge gusle haegum Hardanger fiddle kamanche keyed fiddle lira (short-necked fiddle) lira da braccio lirica lirone morin huur qobuz rabab (spike fiddle) rabeca rebec salo sarangi sarinda so duang so sam sai so u tenor violin trumpet marine viol viola violetta d'amore violin violo violotta

bowed string ensembleA mixed or unspecified ensemble of bowed string

instruments.UF string ensemble

string instrument ensemble stringed instrument ensemble strings

BT instrumental ensembleNT cello ensemble

viola ensemble violin ensemble

bowed string instrumentAn unspecified string instrument played with a

bow.UF bowed instrument

bowed stringed instrument bowed strings fretted instrument lira lyra

BT friction instrument string instrument

NT ajaeng bowed lute bumbass crwth gudulka hu qin jouhikko psalmodikon talharpa viola da braccio

bowed stringed instrumentUSE bowed string instrument

bowed stringsUSE bowed string instrument

bowl, HimalayanUSE singing bowl

bowl, singingUSE singing bowl

boy soprano (singer)USE boy soprano voice

boy soprano voiceUF boy soprano (singer)

soprano, boy (singer) treble voice

BT child soprano voice male voice

braccio, viola daUSE viola da braccio

bragaUSE cavaquinho

braguinhaUSE cavaquinho

brass bandA large ensemble consisting of brass instruments

and sometimes percussion.BT band

brass choirUSE brass ensemble

brass ensembleAn ensemble consisting of diverse brass

instruments that cannot be described by a morespecific term.

UF brass choir brass instrument ensemble brass instruments

BT wind ensembleNT cornet ensemble

horn ensemble trombone ensemble trumpet ensemble tuba ensemble

brass instrumentAn unspecified brass instrument.

BT wind instrumentNT cornet

cornett euphonium flugelhorn horn natural horn ophicleide saxhorn serpent trombone trumpet tuba

brass instrument ensembleUSE brass ensemble

brass instrumentsUSE brass ensemble

Brazilian luteUSE viola-de-cocho

bridge harpUSE harp-lute

bronze drumA drum with a bronze tympanum instead of a skin

head.UF bronze kettledrum

drum, bronzeBT percussion idiophone

bronze kettledrumUSE bronze drum

bucheUSE epinette des Vosges

bugleBT natural hornNT keyed bugle

bulbul tarangUSE bulbultarang

bulbultarangAn Indian zither with a button keyboard.

UF bulbul tarangBT zither

bull-roarerAn instrument consisting of a flat, narrow,

elongated object attached to a string that is whirledoverhead.

UF bullroarerBT free aerophone

bullroarerUSE bull-roarer

bumbaUSE bumbass

bumbassA European folk instrument consisting of a single

gut string fastened to a curved stick with an animal-bladder resonator.

UF basse de Flandre bladder and string bladder fiddle bumba fiddle, bladder Flandre, basse de poispil

BT bowed string instrument stick zither

Burmese harpUSE saung-gauk

button accordionUSE button-key accordion

button box (accordion)USE button-key accordion

button-key accordionUF button accordion

button box (accordion) squeezebox

BT accordionNT bandoneon

bayan concertina melodeon (button-key accordion)

buzukiUSE bouzouki

buzuqUSE bouzouki

Cʹ tubaUSE tuba

cabacaUF agbe

aggue atchere chekere guiro (rattle) sekere shekere

BT indirectly struck idiophonecabinet organ

USE chamber organ reed organ

caixaUSE snare drum

caixa-surdaUSE surdo

cajonA Latin American wooden box drum played with

the hands.BT percussion idiophone

calabazoUSE guiro

calachonUSE calichon

calascioneUSE calichon

calchedonUSE calichon

calichonA bass lute with six to eight courses used primarily

for continuo in 18th and 19th century Germany,Austria, and Bohemia.

UF calachon calascione calchedon callichone colachon galizona gallichone gallichon gallizona mandora mandorlauten colascione (bass lute)

BT plucked lutecallichone

USE calichoncalliope

An outdoor mechanical musical instrumentconsisting of tuned steam whistles.

BT mechanical organcalliope, explosion

USE pyrophonecalliope, fire

USE pyrophonecambiata voice

USE changing voice

MP-5

campanulaA modern bowed string instrument invented by

Helmut Bleffert that is like a cello but with 16additional resonating strings.

BT bowed lutecanza

USE reco-recocaracaxa

USE reco-recocarillon

BT bell keyboard instrument

casacaUSE reco-reco

castanetsBT concussion idiophone

cataA Cuban percussion instrument consisting of a

hollowed-out tree trunk open at both ends and struckwith wooden sticks.

UF huecoBT percussion idiophone

catacaUSE reco-reco

cauld wind bagpipesUSE border pipes

cauld wind pipesUSE border pipes

cavalUSE kaval

cavalry hornUSE alto horn

cavaquinhoA small four-stringed plucked instrument of

Portugal and Brazil.UF braga

braguinha machada machete machete-de-braga machetinho

BT plucked luteCC tuba

USE tubacelebrant

A performer who celebrates a rite or specialoccasion and is explicitly required in the performanceof a musical work.

BT performercelesta

BT keyboard instrument percussion idiophone

cell phoneA mobile phone used as a musical instrument that

is explicitly required in the performance of a musicalwork.

UF mobile phoneBT electronic instrument

celloUF bass violin

violoncelloBT bowed luteNT electric cello

violoncello piccolocello choir

USE cello ensemblecello ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more cellos.UF cello choirBT bowed string ensemble

celloneA large cello-like instrument tuned a fourth lower

than the cello.BT bowed lute

Celtic harpUSE Irish harp

cembal d'amourA large clavichord on which the strings are struck

by tangents at their precise mid-point.BT clavichord

cembaloUSE harpsichord

cembalo verticaleUSE clavicytherium

cemenceUSE kamanche

cendaA cylindrical drum used widely in the Kerala and

Karnataka states of India.UF cende

centa chande

chenda chendamelam

BT drumcende

USE cendacenta

USE cendacervelas

USE racketcervelat

USE racketcetra

USE English guitarchakhe

A plucked zither of Thailand with three strings, twomade of silk and the third of brass.

UF ja-kae jakhay jakhe

BT plucked string instrument tube zither

chalmeyeUSE shawm

chalmieUSE shawm

chalumeauA single-reed instrument related to the clarinet.

UF mock trumpet trumpet, mock

BT single reed instrumentchalumeau (pipe)

USE pipe (musical instrument)chalumeau (shawm)

USE shawmchamadron

A organ consisting of reed pipes projectedhorizontally through louvers in a church tower thatwas invented in the 20th century.

BT organchamber orchestra

BT orchestrachamber organ

UF cabinet organBT organ

chandeUSE cenda

chang goUSE changgo

changgoA double-headed hourglass drum from Korea.

UF chang go changgu seyo go solchanggo

BT hourglass drumchanggu

USE changgochanging voice

A male adolescent singer whose voice is in theprocess of changing.

UF cambiata voiceBT male voice

charangoA small fretted plucked-string instrument of the

Andean region with a bowl made of an armadillo shellor of wood shaped like an armadillo shell.

BT plucked lutechekere

USE cabacachemical harmonica

USE pyrophonechenda

USE cendachendamelam

USE cendachi na

USE suo nachiboni

A droneless bagpipe from the Caucasus region.UF chimoni

ciboni gudastviri stviri tulum tulumi

BT bagpipechikuzen-biwa

USE biwachild (singer)

USE child's voicechild soprano (singer)

USE child soprano voice

child soprano voiceUF child soprano (singer)

soprano, child (singer)BT child's voice

high voiceNT boy soprano voice

children’s chorusBT chorus

child's voiceUF child (singer)BT singerNT child soprano voice

chimesAn unspecified set of chimes.

BT bellNT clock chimes

handchimeschimes, orchestral

USE tubular bellschimes (glockenspiel)

USE glockenspielchiming clock

USE clock chimeschimoni

USE chibonich'in

USE qinChinese lute

USE pi paChinese tom-tom

USE tom-tomChinese zither

USE zhengching (cymbals)

A small pair of hand cymbals from Southeast Asia.BT concussion idiophone

ching (gong)A large flat bronze gong of Korea.

BT gongchipendani

A mouth-resonated musical bow of the Shonapeople of Zimbabwe.

UF tshipendaniBT mouth bow

plucked string instrumentchirimia

A double-reed folk instrument played in Spain andLatin America.

UF chirisuya xirimia

BT double reed instrumentchirisuya

USE chirimiachitarra battente

A five-course metal-strung guitar of 17th and 18thcentury Italy.

UF guitare en bateauBT guitar

chitarroneUSE theorbo

chord zitherUSE harp zither

chordophoneUSE string instrument

chorusAn unspecified chorus of voices.

BT vocal ensembleNT children’s chorus

chorus changing voices equal voices men's chorus mixed chorus spoken chorus women’s chorus

chorus changing voicesBT chorus

chrometteUSE orkon

chung juanUSE ruan

ciboniUSE chiboni

cifteA Turkish double clarinet consisting of a melody

pipe and drone pipe.UF sipsiBT single reed instrument

cigar box guitarA guitar-like instrument that has an empty cigar

box as a resonator.BT plucked lute

MP-6

cimbalomA Hungarian hammered dulcimer used in both folk

and concert music.UF cymbal (cimbalom)

cymbalom cymbalum hammered dulcimer, Hungarian Hungarian hammered dulcimer kimbalom tsymbaly

BT dulcimercinema organ

USE theater organcitaharp

A zither produced by the Audet Music Co. ofBoston in the early 20th century.

BT zither plucked string instrument

citaraUSE sitar

citharaA large lyre from ancient Greece.

UF kitharaBT lyre

citharenUSE cittern

citherUSE zither

cithrenUSE cittern

citternA wire-strung plucked instrument popular in 16th

and 17th century Europe.UF citharen

cithren cittharn

BT plucked lutecittharn

USE citternclap-sticks

USE clapsticksclapper (percussion)

A general term for a percussion instrument thatconsists of two objects that clap together.

BT concussion idiophoneNT bones

jin qian banclapping, foot

USE foot tappingclapping, hand

USE hand clappingclapping sticks

USE clapsticksclapsticks

An Aboriginal Australian percussion instrumentconsisting of a pair of hardwood sticks that are strucktogether.

UF bilma boomerang clapsticks clap-sticks clapping sticks musicsticks

BT concussion idiophone percussion idiophone

clarinetUF clarionet

primer clarinetBT single reed instrumentNT alto clarinet

bass clarinet basset clarinet basset horn clarinette d'amour contra-alto clarinet contrabass clarinet sopranino clarinet

clarinet choirAn ensemble consisting of two or more clarinets.

UF clarinet ensembleBT woodwind ensemble

clarinet d'amourUSE clarinette d'amour

clarinet ensembleUSE clarinet choir

clarinette d'amourUF clarinet d'amour

clarinetto d'amoreBT clarinet

clarinetto d'amoreUSE clarinette d'amour

clarionetUSE clarinet

classical guitarUSE guitar

clavecin verticalUSE clavicytherium

clavesA Latin American percussion instrument consisting

of a pair of short, thick, hardwood sticks that arestruck together.

BT concussion idiophoneclavi-harp

USE claviharpeclavichord

A European keyboard instrument on which thestrings are struck by tangents.

BT keyboard instrument struck string instrument zither

NT cembal d'amour pedal clavichord

clavicylinderA keyboard instrument invented in 1799 that

sounds when curved metal rods attached to the keyscontact a rotating wet glass cylinder.

UF euphonium (clavicylinder) Klavizylinder

BT friction idiophone keyboard instrument

clavicytheriumAn upright harpsichord with vertical soundboard.

UF cembalo verticale clavecin vertical klaviziterium klavizitherium

BT harpsichordclaviharpe

A 19th century instrument that combines a harpwith a keyboard.

UF clavi-harp keyed harp

BT harp keyboard instrument

claviolineAn electronic keyboard instrument invented in

1947 that was a forerunner to the analog synthesizer.BT electronic keyboard

claviorganAn instrument combining a harpsichord and an

organ, in which the strings and pipes sound together.UF claviorganumBT keyboard instrument

plucked string instrument zither

claviorganumUSE claviorgan

clock, musicalUSE musical clock

clock chime bellUSE clock chimes

clock chimesA clock equipped with carillon or other chiming

mechanism. For a clock equipped with a mechanicalorgan use musical clock.

UF bell, clock chime bell, tower clock chiming clock clock chime bell tower clock bell

BT chimes mechanical instrument

clock-organUSE musical clock

cloud chamber bowlsAn instrument invented by Harry Partch that

consists of tuned glass bowls suspended in a frame.BT percussion idiophone

coach-hornUSE post horn

colachonUSE calichon

colascioneAn Italian long-neck lute derived from the Middle

Eastern tanbur, in which two or three courses ofstrings are played with a plectrum.

BT plucked lutecolascione (bass lute)

USE calichoncommon flute

USE recordercomputer

A computer that is explicitly required in theperformance of a musical work.

BT electronic instrument

computer printerA printer activated by a computer and used as

medium of performance.BT electronic instrument

conʻʺUSE saung-gauk

conʻʺ kokʻUSE saung-gauk

concert bandUSE band

concert fluteUSE flute

concert grand (piano)USE piano

concertinaA button-key accordion on which the button motion

is in the same direction as that of the bellows.UF squashboxBT button-key accordion

concertina ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more

concertinas.BT instrumental ensemble

concussion idiophoneAn idiophone that consists of two or more

complimentary sonorous parts struck against eachother.

BT struck idiophoneNT body percussion

castanets ching (cymbals) clapper (percussion) clapsticks claves cymbal finger cymbals

conductorA conductor who is also a performer, as explicitly

stated by the composer.UF director, music

music conductor music director

BT performerconga

A tall, narrow, single-headed Afro-Cuban drum.UF conga drum

tumbadoraBT drumNT quinto (drum)

conga drumUSE conga

continuoAn instrumental practice of the 17th and 18th

centuries in which one or more instruments improvisea chordal accompaniment from a written bass line.

UF basso continuo figured bass thoroughbass through bass

BT ensemble instrument

contra-alto clarinetAn instrument of the clarinet family pitched in E♭, a

fourth higher than the contrabass clarinet.UF contralto clarinetBT clarinet

contra-bass clarinetUSE contrabass clarinet

contrabassUSE double bass

contrabass clarinetAn instrument of the clarinet family pitched two

octaves below the soprano clarinet.UF contra-bass clarinet

pedal clarinetBT clarinet

contrabass fluteBT flute

contrabass recorderBT recorder

contrabass saxophoneBT saxophone

contrabass tubaUSE tuba

contrabassoonUF double bassoonBT bassoon

contralto clarinetUSE contra-alto clarinet

contralto voiceUSE alto voice

MP-7

cor anglaisUSE English horn

cornabouxUSE cornett

cornamusaUF cornemuse (cornamusa)BT double reed instrument

cornemuse (bagpipe)USE bagpipe

cornemuse (cornamusa)USE cornamusa

cornetA valved brass instrument of contralto or soprano

pitch that was developed in the late 1820s.UF cornopeanBT brass instrument

cornet a bouquinUSE cornett

cornet ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more cornets.

BT brass ensemblecorneta

USE cornettcornett

An wind instrument popular in the 16th and 17thcenturies that consists of a conical wooden pipe withfinger holes and a cup mouthpiece.

UF cornaboux cornet a bouquin corneta cornetto zink

BT brass instrumentcornetto

USE cornettcornopean

USE cornetcorps, drum and bugle

USE drum and bugle corpscorps, drum and fife

USE fife and drum corpscorps, fife and drum

USE fife and drum corpscortaldi

USE racketcortalli

USE racketcountertenor (singer)

USE countertenor voicecountertenor voice

UF countertenor (singer)BT male voice

cowbellA percussion instrument similar to bells worn by

livestock, but without a clapper.BT bell

cristalA musical instrument constructed of glass rods

attached to tuned metal stems that are sounded bythe friction of moistened fingers rubbed on the glass.

UF Cristal Baschet crystal organ

BT friction idiophoneCristal Baschet

USE cristalcromorne

USE crumhorncrot

USE crwthcrotales

Small cymbals tuned to a definite pitch.BT percussion idiophone

crouthUSE crwth

crowd (crwth)USE crwth

crumhornA capped double-reed instrument most commonly

used in Renaissance Europe.UF cromorne

krummhornBT double reed instrument

crwthA Welsh lyre that has been bowed since the 11th

century.UF crot

crouth crowd (crwth)

BT bowed string instrument lyre

crystal organUSE cristal

csakanA walking stick recorder originating around Vienna

in the early 19th century.UF csakanyBT recorder

csakanyUSE csakan

cuatroAny of several distinct Latin American or Carribean

instruments of the guitar family.BT plucked lute

cuenaUSE quena

cuicaA Brazilian friction drum whose pitch can be

changed by applying varying pressure to the drumhead.

UF puita quica

BT friction drumcurtal

USE dulciancylinder piano

USE barrel pianocymbal

A single cymbal suspended on a stand, or a pair ofcymbals struck together.

BT concussion idiophone percussion idiophone

NT jhanjhcymbal (cimbalom)

USE cimbalomcymbalom

USE cimbalomcymbalum

USE cimbalomda tong

A type of er hu used in performances of Hunanflower drum drama.

BT er hudaf

USE daffdaff

A round single-headed frame drum from the MiddleEast and North Africa.

UF daf daph duff

BT frame drumdamba

A Ghanaian hourglass drum played at the dambafestival.

BT hourglass drumđan bau

A single-string zither of Vietnam.UF đan đoc huyenBT plucked string instrument

zitherđan đoc huyen

USE đan bauđan tranh

A 16-string board zither of Vietnam.BT zither

dance bandUSE big band

dancerA dancer who is explicitly required by the

composer for the performance of a musical work.BT performerNT tap dancer

daphUSE daff

darabukeUSE darabukka

darabukkaA single-headed goblet drum found in the Middle

East and North Africa.UF darabuke

darboukka darbuga darbuka darbukka derabucca derbouka derbuga derbukka dumbek

BT goblet drumdarboukka

USE darabukkadarbuga

USE darabukka

darbukaUSE darabukka

darbukkaUSE darabukka

daruanUSE ruan

daulUSE tupan

dauleUSE dholi

davulUSE dholi

daxophoneA bowed idiophone consisting of a narrow, flat strip

of wood anchored at one end, invented by HansReichel in the 1980s.

BT friction idiophonedeblek

USE dumbelekderabucca

USE darabukkaderbouka

USE darabukkaderbuga

USE darabukkaderbukka

USE darabukkadescant recorder

USE soprano recorderdescant viol

USE pardessus de violedevil's fiddle

USE skrzypcedevil's violin

USE skrzypcedhavul

USE tavildhimay

A double-headed cylindrical drum from Nepal.UF dhimeBT drum

dhimeUSE dhimay

dhol (Caucasian drum)USE dholi

dholiA Caucasian and Middle Eastern double-headed

cylindrical drum with laced heads.UF daule

davul dhol (Caucasian drum) dohol doli doul

BT drumdi

USE di zidi zi

A Chinese transverse flute.UF di

dizi ti-tse

BT ductless flutediabelskie skrzypce

USE skrzypcediable skrzype

USE skrzypcediddley bow

A single-string zither of the rural American South.BT plucked string instrument

zitherdidgeridoo

USE didjeridudidjeridoo

USE didjeridudidjeridu

An Aboriginal Australian brass instrument.UF didgeridoo

didjeridoo digeridoo dijiridu

BT natural horndigeridoo

USE didjeridudigital harpsichord

USE electronic harpsichorddigital keyboard

USE electronic keyboarddigital piano

USE electronic pianodigital player piano

An acoustic piano with added digital technology

MP-8

digital player piano (Continued)allowing for recording and playback of pianoperformances, as in a player piano.

UF hybrid piano recording and reproducing piano

BT electronic instrument player piano

dijiriduUSE didjeridu

dilrubaA long-necked, fretted fiddle of Northern India and

Pakistan.BT bowed lute

director, musicUSE conductor

diziUSE di zi

djembeAn African goat skin goblet drum played with bare

hands.UF jembe

jenbeBT goblet drum

do nallyUSE algoja

dobroUSE resonator guitar

doholUSE dholi

dolcainaUSE dulzaina

dolceolaA zither with a keyboard manufactured in the early

20th century.UF dulceolaBT keyboard instrument

zitherdolcian

USE dulciandolcino

USE dulciandoli

USE dholidolzaina

USE dulzainadolzoni

USE dulciandomback

USE zarbdombak

USE zarbdombira

USE dombradombra

A long-necked two-string plucked lute of CentralAsia.

UF dombira dumbrak

BT plucked lutedomra

A long-necked plucked lute of Russia with a roundbody and three or four strings.

BT plucked lutedotar

USE dutardouble B-flat tuba

USE tubadouble bass

UF bass (stringed instrument) bass viol contrabass stand-up bass string bass upright bass

BT bowed lutedouble bass viol

USE violonedouble bassoon

USE contrabassoondouble C tuba

USE tubadouble reed instrument

An unspecified double reed instrument.BT reed instrumentNT alboka

aulos bagpipe balaban (double reed instrument) bassoon chirimia cornamusa crumhorn

duduk (double reed instrument) dulcian dulzaina English horn gralla guan hautbois de Poitou heckelphone hichiriki kol mey mukhavina nagasvaram oboe pi pʻiri practice chanter racket rgya-gling sahnai sarrusophone shawm suo na tʻaepʻyongso tenora zumari zurna

doulUSE dholi

drumAn unspecified drum.

BT membranophone percussion instrument

NT arara atabaque babadok bass drum bongos bonko cenda conga dhimay dholi frame drum friction drum ghata goblet drum hourglass drum kanjira lambeg drum madal mridanga naykhim ngoma par pung rebana repinque snare drum tabla taiko tambou tasha tavil timbales criollos timpani tom-tom tumba tupan yaogu yuka

drum, bronzeUSE bronze drum

drum, steelUSE steel drum

drum and bugle corpsA musical marching ensemble consisting of brass

instruments, percussion instruments, and color guard,but excluding woodwind instruments.

UF corps, drum and bugle drum corps

BT banddrum and fife corps

USE fife and drum corpsdrum circle

A group of people informally gathered, usually in acircle, who play improvised rhythms on worldpercussion instruments.

BT percussion ensembledrum corps

USE drum and bugle corps

drum kitUSE drum set

drum machineAny of a broad range of electronic instruments that

combine the functions of the synthesizer and thesequencer in a way specially adapted to thegeneration of polyphonic percussion patterns.

UF electronic drum electronic percussion preset rhythm machine rhythm machine sampling drum machine

BT electronic instrumentdrum set

A collection of percussion instruments played by asingle player, typically consisting of a snare drum,kick drum, tom-toms, hi-hat, and cymbals.

UF drum kit drumset trap kit trap set traps

BT percussion instrumentdrumset

USE drum setduct flute

An unspecified wind instrument on which a narrowduct directs the air stream against a sharp edge.

BT edge-blown instrumentNT algoja

atenteben dvorgrle flageolet iwabue khlui melody flute Native American flute ocarina penny whistle pinkullu pipe (musical instrument) recorder saxoflute suling svirala tarka whistle

ductless fluteAn unspecified wind instrument that does not have

an air duct, and instead the player creates a ribbon-shaped stream of air with the lips.

BT edge-blown instrumentNT bansuri

blul di zi fife flute huang zhong kagurabue kaval koauau kurai limbe nay (flute) nokan panpipes quena ryuteki saluang sao shakuhachi shinobue supeljka tanso venu washint xiao xun

dudeUSE dudy

duduk (double reed instrument)A double-reed instrument of ancient Armenian

origin.UF dudukiBT double reed instrument

duduk (duct flute)USE svirala

dudukiUSE duduk (double reed instrument)

dudyA bagpipe found in Poland and Czech Republic.

MP-9

UF dudeBT bagpipe

duffUSE daff

dulceolaUSE dolceola

dulcianA Renaissance double-reed in one piece, the

predecessor of the modern bassoon.UF curtal

dolcian dolcino dolzoni dulzian

BT double reed instrumentdulcimer

A zither whose strings are sounded by striking withhammers.

UF Hackbrett hammer dulcimer hammered dulcimer salterio

BT struck string instrument zither

NT cimbalom khim santur tambal yang qin yanggum yoochin (dulcimer)

dulcimer, AmericanUSE Appalachian dulcimer

dulcimer, AppalachianUSE Appalachian dulcimer

dulcimer, KentuckyUSE Appalachian dulcimer

dulcimer, lapUSE Appalachian dulcimer

dulcimer, mountainUSE Appalachian dulcimer

dulcimer, pluckedUSE Appalachian dulcimer

dulcimer ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more dulcimers.

BT instrumental ensembledulcitone

A tuning fork piano created by Thomas Machell inthe late 19th century.

UF tuning fork pianoBT keyboard instrument

percussion idiophonedultzaina

USE dulzainadulzaina

A double-reed folk instrument of Spain and theBasque region.

UF bolingozo dolcaina dolzaina dultzaina pito

BT double reed instrumentdulzian

USE dulciandumbeg

USE dumbelekdumbek

USE darabukka dumbelek

dumbelekA single-headed goblet drum of Syria and Turkey.

UF deblek dumbeg dumbek

BT goblet drumdumbrak

USE dombradundun

USE talking drumdutar

Any one of various types of long-neck fretted lutesof the Middle East and Central Asia.

UF dotarBT plucked lute

Dutch organUSE barrel organ

dvogrlaUSE dvorgrle

dvogrleUSE dvorgrle

dvorgrlaUSE dvorgrle

dvorgrleA double flute of Herzegovina.

UF dvogrla dvogrle dvorgrla

BT duct flutedynaphone

USE telharmoniume-cello

USE electric celloE♭ clarinet (alto)

USE alto clarinetE♭ clarinet (sopranino)

USE sopranino clarinetE-flat clarinet (alto)

USE alto clarinetE-flat clarinet (sopranino)

USE sopranino clarinetE-flat horn

USE alto horne-guitar

USE electric guitarE♭ horn

USE alto horne-violin

USE electric violinedge-blown instrument

A woodwind instrument whose sound is created byblowing across an edge.

BT woodwind instrumentNT duct flute

ductless flute suifukin

ekonA bell made from two pieces of metal, lacking a

clapper, and struck on the outside, used by the Afro-Cuban Abakwa people.

UF banka ekong

BT bellekong

USE ekonekue

An Afro-Cuban single-headed friction drum with aloose shaft.

BT friction drumelectric acoustic guitar

USE electric guitarelectric bass guitar

USE bass guitarelectric cello

UF e-cello electronic violoncello

BT cello electronic instrument

electric guitarAn acoustic or solid-bodied guitar that is

electronically amplified.UF acoustic guitar, electric

e-guitar electric acoustic guitar electro-acoustic guitar electroacoustic guitar

BT electronic instrument guitar

NT bass guitarelectric harpsichord

USE electronic harpsichordelectric organ

USE electronic organelectric piano

USE electronic pianoelectric violin

An acoustic or solid-bodied violin that iselectronically amplified.

UF e-violin electronic violin

BT electronic instrument violin

electrical orchestraUSE Novachord

electro-acoustic guitarUSE electric guitar

electroacoustic guitarUSE electric guitar

electronic drumUSE drum machine

electronic harpsichordUF digital harpsichord

electric harpsichord

MIDI-harpsichordBT electronic instrument

harpsichordelectronic instrument

An instrument that produces sounds by outputtingan electric audio signal.

BT instrumentNT cell phone

computer computer printer digital player piano drum machine electric cello electric guitar electric violin electronic harpsichord electronic organ electronic piano electronics electronium heliphon MIDI controller mouseketier ondes Martenot percussion controller piano-harp radio receiver sampler sequencer synthesizer television set telharmonium theremin trautonium

electronic keyboardUF digital keyboard

keyboard synthesizerBT keyboard instrument

synthesizerNT clavioline

Novachordelectronic keyboard ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more electronickeyboards.

BT electronics keyboard ensemble

electronic organAn organ that produces sounds only through

electronic means, or that has electroacoustical orelectromechanical elements.

UF electric organBT electronic instrument

organNT archiphone

Novachordelectronic organ ensemble

BT keyboard ensembleelectronic percussion

USE drum machineelectronic piano

A piano that produces sounds through digitaloscillators or through digital synthesis.

UF digital piano electric piano

BT electronic instrument keyboard instrument

electronic trumpetUSE wind controller

electronic valve instrumentUSE wind controller

electronic violinUSE electric violin

electronic violoncelloUSE electric cello

electronic wind instrumentUSE wind controller

electronicsUnspecified electronic sounds, either produced live

or from a recording.UF tape (electronics)BT electronic instrument

instrumental ensembleNT electronic keyboard ensemble

live electronics processed sound

electroniumUF elektroniumBT electronic instrument

keyboard instrumentelektronium

USE electronium

MP-10

enasUSE launeddas

enchemiUSE bonko

English fluteUSE recorder

English guitarUF cetraBT plucked lute

English hornUF cor anglais

tenor oboeBT double reed instrument

engomaUSE ngoma

enharmonic organUSE organ

ensembleA group that is not named according to number of

performers or a more specific medium ofperformance.

NT audience continuo instrumental ensemble mixed media pin peat vocal ensemble

eochinUSE yoochin (dulcimer)

eolian harpUSE aeolian harp

epinette de VosgesUSE epinette des Vosges

epinette des VosgesUF buche

epinette de Vosges Vosges, epinette des

BT psalteryequal voices

A chorus in which all the voices parts are for onetype of voice.

BT choruser hu

UF erhuBT hu qinNT da tong

zhong huerhu

USE er huerzlaute

USE archluteeunuch flute

USE kazooeuphonium

The tenor instrument of the tuba family. For thebaritone of the saxhorn family see baritone horn.

BT brass instrumenteuphonium (clavicylinder)

USE clavicylindereVI (electronic valve instrument)

USE wind controllereVI wind controller

USE wind controllereWI (electronic wind instrument)

USE wind controllerexplosion calliope

USE pyrophoneexplosion organ

USE pyrophonefabiol

USE flaviolfair organ

USE fairground organfairground organ

A mechanical organ used for outdoorentertainments and circuses.

UF band organ fair organ showground organ

BT mechanical organfeadog stain

USE penny whistlefeli

A single-headed goblet drum with attached metalrattles.

BT goblet drumfemale voice

UF woman's voiceBT singerNT alto voice

mezzo-soprano voice soprano voice

fiddleBT bowed lute

fiddle, Black SeaUSE kamanche

fiddle, bladderUSE bumbass

fiddle, devil'sUSE skrzypce

fiddle, nun'sUSE trumpet marine

fiddle, strawUSE xylophone

fifeBT ductless flute

fife and drum bandUSE fife and drum corps

fife and drum corpsUF corps, drum and fife

corps, fife and drum drum and fife corps fife and drum band

BT bandfigured bass

USE continuofinger cymbals

UF zilia zils

BT concussion idiophonefinger snapping

BT body percussionfire calliope

USE pyrophonefire organ

USE pyrophoneflabiol

USE flaviolflageolet

BT duct fluteflame organ

USE pyrophoneflamenco guitar

USE guitarFlandre, basse de

USE bumbassflat-top guitar

USE guitarflauta pastoril

USE gaita (pipe)flauto dolce

USE recorderflaviol

UF fabiol flabiol fluviol

BT pipe (musical instrument)flugelhorn

BT brass instrumentflute

The flute of European art music. For generic usesof flute see ductless flute or duct flute.

UF Boehm flute concert flute transverse flute

BT ductless fluteNT alto flute

bass flute contrabass flute piccolo

flute choirAn ensemble of two or more flutes of any type.

UF flute ensembleBT woodwind ensemble

flute clockUSE musical clock

flute ensembleUSE flute choir

flute-playing clockUSE musical clock

fluviolUSE flaviol

folk bass guitarUSE acoustic bass guitar

foot clappingUSE foot tapping

foot percussionUSE foot tapping

foot tappingUF clapping, foot

foot clapping foot percussion podorhythm

tapping, footBT body percussion

fortepianoUSE piano

frame drumA struck drum, with or without handles, in which

the depth of the body does not exceed thecircumference of the membrane.

BT drumNT bodhran

daff parai tamborim tambourine tar (drum)

free aerophoneAn aerophone in which the vibrating air is not

confined by the instrument.BT aerophoneNT bull-roarer

free reed instrumentAn instrument in which the reeds move freely at

one end, not overlapping any opening.BT aerophoneNT accordion

mouth organ pitchpipe reed organ

French hornUSE horn

fretless zitherUSE harp zither

fretted instrumentUSE bowed string instrument

friction drumA drum in which the membrane is made to vibrate

through direct or indirect friction.BT drum

friction instrumentNT cuica

ekuefriction idiophone

BT idiophone friction instrument

NT clavicylinder cristal daxophone glass glass harmonica singing bowl verrophone waterphone wind machine

friction instrumentAn instrument sounded by the use of direct or

indirect friction to the instrument itself.BT instrumentNT bowed string instrument

friction drum friction idiophone hurdy-gurdy

frulaUSE svirala

full orchestraUSE orchestra

gadulkaUSE gudulka

Gaelic harpUSE Irish harp

gagaku-biwaUSE biwa

gaita (bagpipe)BT bagpipe

gaita (pipe)UF flauta pastorilBT pipe (musical instrument)

gaku-biwaUSE biwa

galizonaUSE calichon

gallichonUSE calichon

gallichoneUSE calichon

gallizonaUSE calichon

galoubetUF jombarde

txistuBT pipe (musical instrument)

gamba, viola daUSE viola da gamba

MP-11

gamba (family of viols)USE viol

gambangA wooden or bamboo xylophone of Malaysia and

Indonesia.BT xylophone

gamelanAn ensemble from Bali, Java, and the surrounding

areas consisting of various gongs, metallophonesand drums.

UF gamelangBT instrumental ensembleNT gamelan degung

gamelan genggong gamelan gong gede gamelan gong kebyar gamelan jegog gamelan joged bumbung gamelan semar pegulingan

gamelan degungA small gamelan ensemble from Sunda.

BT gamelangamelan genggong

A gamelan ensemble from Bali.BT gamelan

gamelan gong gedeA large gamelan ensemble associated with

Balinese temples and old court ceremonies.UF gong gedeBT gamelan

gamelan gong kebyarA 20th century gamelan from North Bali.

UF gong kebyarBT gamelan

gamelan jegogA gamelan consisting of bamboo xylophones from

West Bali.UF jegogBT gamelan

gamelan joged bumbungA gamelan consisting of four or more tingklik with

added flutes, drums and gong, used to accompanysocial dance.

UF gamelan pajogedan joged bumbung pejogedan bumbung

BT gamelangamelan pajogedan

USE gamelan joged bumbunggamelan semar pagulingan

USE gamelan semar pegulingangamelan semar pegulingan

A court gamelan from Bali.UF gamelan semar pagulingan

semar pagulingan semar pegulingan

BT gamelangamelang

USE gamelangamlka

USE gudulkagan gan

USE agogogangan

USE talking drumganza

USE reco-recogao hu

A string instrument similar to the er hu, but smallerand with a higher tone.

UF gaohu high hu yue hu

BT hu qingaohu

USE gao hugarmon

USE accordiongayagum

USE kayagumgazoo

USE kazoogazooka

USE kazoogazoota

USE kazooge hu

A large four-stringed Chinese instrument from the1950s that is tuned like a cello.

UF gehuBT hu qin

gehuUSE ge hu

gemendzeUSE kamanche

genderA multi-octave mallet instrument from Java and

Bali.BT mallet instrument

genggongUSE Jew’s harp

gharaUSE ghata

ghataUF ghara

ghati katam

BT drumghati

USE ghataghichak

UF gidzhak gijak

BT bowed lutegidzhak

USE ghichakgijak

USE ghichakgimbri

USE gunibrigjold

USE gudulkaglass

A glass of any shape or size manipulated toproduce sound.

BT friction idiophone percussion instrument

glass harmonicaUF armonica

glasses, musical harmonica, glass musical glasses

BT friction idiophoneglasses, musical

USE glass harmonica verrophone

glaw-ng æUSE klong æ

glaw-ng yaoUSE klong yao

glin-buUSE limbe

gling-buUSE limbe

glockUSE glockenspiel

glockenspielUF bell lyra

bell lyre bells, orchestra bells, orchestral bells (glockenspiel) chimes (glockenspiel) glock lyra, bell lyre, bell orchestra bells orchestral bells

BT mallet instrumentgmbri

USE gunibrignbri

USE gunibrigoblet drum

BT drumNT darabukka

djembe dumbelek feli klong æ klong yao zarb

gocUSE tupan

godieUSE goge

gogeUF godie

goje gonje

BT bowed lutegogen-biwa

USE biwa

gogo (lute)USE gunibri

gojeUSE goge

gom-gomUSE gora

gomaUSE ngoma

gombriUSE gunibri

gomoUSE ngoma

gomungoUSE komunʾgo

gongBT percussion idiophoneNT ching (gong)

tam-tamgong, rin

USE singing bowlgong, suzu

USE singing bowlgong gede

USE gamelan gong gedegong kebyar

USE gamelan gong kebyargonje

USE gogegonrang

BT instrumental ensemblegora

UF gom-gom gorah gorra gowra t'goerra t'gorrah

BT musical bowgorah

USE goragorra

USE goragottuvadyam

A fretless vina from Southern India.UF block instrument

mahanataka vinaBT vina

gowraUSE gora

grall de pastorUSE gralla

grallaA small shawm-like double-reed instrument from

Catalonia and Spain.UF grall de pastor

xaramita xirimita

BT double reed instrumentgran lira

USE lironegrand piano

USE pianogreat bass recorder

BT recordergrinder organ

USE barrel organgu zheng

USE zhengguan

UF bili guan zi guanzi kuan tzu

BT double reed instrumentguan zi

USE guanguanzi

USE guanguayo

USE guirogudastviri

USE chibonigudulka

UF gadulka gamlka gjold kemene kopanka tsigulka

BT bowed string instrumentguembri

USE gunibri

MP-12

guenbritUSE gunibri

guimbriUSE gunibri

guinbriUSE gunibri

guiroUF calabazo

guayo ralladera rascador

BT indirectly struck idiophoneguiro (rattle)

USE cabacaguitar

UF acoustic guitar arched-top guitar classical guitar flamenco guitar flat-top guitar Spanish guitar

BT plucked luteNT acoustic bass guitar

bajo sexto chitarra battente electric guitar harp guitar lyre-guitar resonator guitar steel guitar

guitar, harp-luteUSE harp-lute guitar

guitar, PortugueseUSE guitarra portuguesa

guitar ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more guitars.

UF guitar orchestraBT plucked instrument ensemble

guitar orchestraUSE guitar ensemble

guitar violoncelloUSE arpeggione

guitar zitherUSE harp zither

guitare en bateauUSE chitarra battente

guitarilloUSE tiple

guitarra portuguesaUF guitar, Portuguese

Portuguese guitarBT plucked lute

guitarronA fretless bass guitar from Mexico.

UF guitarron mexicanoBT plucked lute

guitarron mexicanoUSE guitarron

gulintanganUSE kulintang

gumbriUSE gunibri

gunbriUSE gunibri

gunibriA plucked lute with one to three strings from North

Africa.UF gimbri

gmbri gnbri gogo (lute) gombri guembri guenbrit guimbri guinbri gumbri gunbri gunibri hejhuj sintir

BT plucked luteUSE gunibri

guqinUSE qin

guslaUSE gusle

gusleA single-string bowed lute of Southeastern Europe.

For the psaltery from Russia see gusli.UF guslaBT bowed lute

gusliA psaltery from Russia. For the single-string

bowed lute of Southeastern Europe see gusle.UF husliBT psaltery

gutbucketUSE washtub bass

guzhengUSE zheng

HackbrettUSE dulcimer

haegumA two-string spike fiddle from Korea.

UF hyegumBT bowed lute

halurUSE bansuri

hammer dulcimerUSE dulcimer

hammered dulcimerUSE dulcimer

hammered dulcimer, HungarianUSE cimbalom

Hammond NovachordUSE Novachord

hand clappingUF clapping, handBT body percussion

hand organUSE barrel organ

hand pianoUSE mbira

hand piano, AfricanUSE mbira

handbellA bell with a handle held in the hand for ringing.

BT bellhandbell choir

An ensemble consisting of two or more handbells.UF handbell teamBT percussion ensemble

handbell teamUSE handbell choir

handchimesA chime, usually in the shape of a square tube,

with an external clapper that is rung by hand.BT chimes

hankinUSE ichigenkin

Hardanger fiddleA traditional violin of Western Norway with four or

five sympathetic strings running beneath thefingerboard.

UF Harding fiddle hardingfele

BT bowed luteHarding fiddle

USE Hardanger fiddlehardingfele

USE Hardanger fiddleharmonic canon

A plucked box zither with 44 or 88 strings inventedby Harry Partch.


harmonicaUF mouth harmonicaBT mouth organNT melodica

harmonica, chemicalUSE pyrophone

harmonica, glassUSE glass harmonica

harmonica ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more

harmonicas.BT instrumental ensemble

harmoniumUSE reed organ

harmonium, bichromaticUSE bichromatic harmonium

harpAn unspecified chordophone in which the plane of

strings is perpendicular to the soundboard. For themodern Western pedal harp, use pedal harp.

BT plucked string instrumentNT audeharp

claviharpe Irish harp kong hou pedal harp saung-gauk

harp bowUSE musical bow

harp ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more harps.

BT plucked instrument ensembleharp guitar

A guitar with any number of additional unstoppedstrings that can accommodate individual plucking.

BT guitar zither

harp-luteAn unspecified instrument in the Sachs-Hornbostel

harp-lute category.UF bridge harpBT string instrumentNT kamele ngoni

koraharp-lute guitar

Any one of the family of instruments invented byEdward Light in the late 18th and early 19th centuriesthat combined aspects of the guitar or lute with anextended harp-styled neck that held extra strings.

UF guitar, harp-luteBT plucked lute

harp-pianoA harp-shaped instrument fitted with a keyboard.

BT keyboard instrument plucked string instrument zither

harp zitherA fretless zither with two sets of strings, one tuned

to a scale and the other to complete the chords in thekey of the melody strings.

UF chord zither fretless zither guitar zither MacArthur harp mandolin guitar zither mandolin harp zither mandolin zither zither harp


harpolaBT plucked string instrument

toy instrument zither

harpsichordUF cembalo

spinet (harpsichord)BT keyboard instrument


NT arcicembalo clavicytherium electronic harpsichord pedal harpsichord sambuca lincea

harpsichord ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more solo

harpsichords.BT keyboard ensemble

hautbois de PoitouA straight wind-cap shawm from France.

BT double reed instrumentHawaiian guitar

USE steel guitarHawaiian steel guitar

USE steel guitarhead rapping

UF rapping, headBT body percussion

heckelphoneA double-reed instrument with a wide bore and

spherical bell sounding an octave below the oboe.BT double reed instrument

heike-biwaUSE biwa

hejhujUSE gunibri

heliconA valved brass instrument of the tuba family

distinguished by its circular shape, allowing theperformer to rest the weight of the instrument on hisshoulder.

BT tubaheliphon

A MIDI-controlled xylophone in the shape of adouble helix played by striking the keys withsolenoids.

BT electronic instrument mallet instrument

MP-13

hiang teUSE suo na

hichirikiA Japanese oboe made of bamboo and with a

reverse conical bore.BT double reed instrument

high E♭clarinetUSE sopranino clarinet

high E-flat clarinetUSE sopranino clarinet

high huUSE gao hu

high treble violUSE pardessus de viole

high voiceA high-register voice that is not otherwise

specified.BT singerNT child soprano voice

soprano voice tenor voice

Himalayan bowlUSE singing bowl

hojokUSE tʻaepʻyongso

hommelUSE noordsche balk

hornAn orchestral valved or valveless French horn. For

an unspecified valveless horn see natural horn.UF French horn

hunting hornBT brass instrument

horn choirUSE horn ensemble

horn ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more horns.

UF horn choirBT brass ensemble

hourglass drumA struck drum with a body that is smaller in

diameter in the middle than at the ends.BT drumNT bata

changgo damba kotsuzumi talking drum

hsien tseUSE sanxian

hu huBT hu qin

hu qinA generic term for a Chinese spike fiddle, usually

with two strings, but sometimes three or four.UF huqinBT bowed string instrumentNT er hu

gao hu ge hu hu hu jing hu zhui qin

huaguUSE yaogu

huang zhongBT ductless flute

huecoUSE cata

humleUSE noordsche balk

hummelUSE noordsche balk

Hungarian hammered dulcimerUSE cimbalom

hunting hornUSE horn

huqinUSE hu qin

hurdy-gurdyAn instrument in which a crank-turned rosined

wheel vibrates the strings, whose pitches aremanipulated on a keyboard or buttons.

UF lyra organistrum vielle vielle a roue

BT friction instrument zither

husliUSE gusli

husorUSE bansuri

huur, morinUSE morin huur

hybrid pianoUSE digital player piano

hydraulic barrel organBT barrel organ

water organhydraulic organ

USE water organhydraulis

USE water organhydraulos

USE water organhydraulus

USE water organhyegum

USE haegumhyonʾgum

USE komunʾgoichigen-kin

USE ichigenkinichigenkin

A single-string Japanese zither.UF hankin

ichigen-kinBT plucked string instrument

zitheridiophone

An unspecified or undetermined instrument thatproduces sound through vibration of the instrumentitself.

BT instrumentNT friction idiophone

plucked idiophone struck idiophone wind chime

imzadA single-string rubab with a high bridge a curved

neck.UF amzad

anzad anzhad inzad rababa (imzad)

BT rubabindirectly struck idiophone

An unspecified or undetermined idiophone in whichthe percussion is produced indirectly, such as byshaking or scraping the instrument.

BT struck idiophoneNT angklung (rattle)

cabaca guiro jawbone maraca notched rattle rattle reco-reco tambourine washboard

ingomaUSE ngoma

ingombaUSE ngoma

instrumentAny unspecified or undetermined solo instrument.

UF musical instrument unspecified instrument

BT performerNT aerophone

continuo electronic instrument friction instrument idiophone keyboard instrument mechanical instrument melody instrument membranophone percussion percussion instrument plucked instrument string instrument toy instrument

instrumental ensembleAn ensemble consisting of diverse instruments that

cannot be described by a more specific term.BT ensembleNT accordion band

balalaika orchestra band

bowed string ensemble concertina ensemble dulcimer ensemble electronics gamelan gonrang harmonica ensemble jug band keyboard ensemble khruang sai mahori orchestra percussion ensemble pipe band piphat plucked instrument ensemble plung orchestra string band string orchestra toy orchestra washboard band wind ensemble zither ensemble

inzadUSE imzad

Irish harpUse for a variety of small, gut-string harps used in

Celtic or Celtic-derived music.UF Celtic harp

Gaelic harp Scottish harp Welsh harp

BT harpIrish organ

USE uilleann pipeishibue

USE iwabueiwabue

A small Japanese stone flute.UF ishibue

stone flute stone whistle

BT duct fluteja-kae

USE chakhejabisen

USE sanshinjakhay

USE chakhejakhe

USE chakhejal tarang

USE jaltarangjaltarang

A set bowls tuned by filling them with differentlevels of water, struck with bamboo sticks.

UF jal tarang jaltarangam

BT percussion idiophonejaltarangam

USE jaltarangjamisen

USE sanshinjaw bone

USE jawbonejaw harp

USE Jew’s harpjawbone

A jawbone used as an idiophone that may bestruck, rattled, or rubbed.

UF jaw bone musical jaw bone quijada quijada de burro

BT indirectly struck idiophonejaw's harp

USE Jew’s harpjazz band

USE big bandjazz orchestra

USE big bandjedina

USE sviralajedinka

USE sviralajednojka

USE sviralajegog

USE gamelan jegogjembe

USE djembe

MP-14

jenbeUSE djembe

Jew’s harpUF genggong

jaw harp jaw's harp khomus trump

BT plucked idiophonejhan-jhan

USE jhanjhjhani

USE jhanjhjhanj

USE jhanjhjhanjh

UF jhani jhanj jhan-jhan jhanjha

BT cymbaljhanjha

USE jhanjhjin qian ban

A Chinese clapper used in storytelling.BT clapper (percussion)

jing huA high-pitched hu qin.

UF jinghuBT hu qin

jinghuUSE jing hu

joged bumbungUSE gamelan joged bumbung

jombardeUSE galoubet

jorhiUSE algoja

joriUSE algoja

jouhikkoA Finnish bowed lyre with two to four strings.


jugBT wind instrument

jug bandAn instrumental ensemble consisting of one or

more jugs used as bass wind instruments that aroseamong African Americans in the early 20th century aspopular entertainment for medicine shows andpicnics.

BT instrumental ensemblejushichigen

A 17-string bass koto from Japan.BT koto

kacapi (plucked lute)A boat-shaped plucked lute from Indonesia.

UF kacaping kecapi

BT plucked lutekacapi (zither)

A plucked box zither from the Sundanese areas ofWest Java.

UF kecapi (Zither)BT plucked string instrument

zitherkacaping

USE kacapi (plucked lute)kaen

USE khænkæng

USE lu shengkagurabue

A six- or seven-hole Japanese flute.UF yamatobueBT ductless flute

kalimbaUSE mbira

kamale ngoniUSE kamele ngoni

kʻamanUSE kamanche

k'amanchaUSE kamanche

kamancheA spike fiddle of the Black Sea region, Pontic

Greece, and Iran.UF Black Sea fiddle

Black Sea kemence cemence fiddle, Black Sea

gemendze kʻaman k'amancha kamancheh kamanja kamantcha karadeniz kemencesi kemancha kemanche kemence kemenche kemendze kementche kyamancha Pontian lyra Pontic kemenche Pontic lyra

BT bowed lutekamancheh

USE kamanchekamanja

USE kamanchekamantcha

USE kamanchekamele ngoni

A six-stringed harp of the Wassolou region of Mali.UF kamale ngoniBT harp-lute

kanciraUSE kanjira

kanjeeraUSE kanjira

kanjiraA South Indian frame drum.

UF kancira kanjeera

BT drumkankles

USE Baltic psalterykannel

USE Baltic psalteryk'anon

USE qanunkanonaki

USE qanunkanoon

USE qanunkantele

USE Baltic psalterykanun

USE qanunkaradeniz kemencesi

USE kamanchekatam

USE ghatakaval

A rim-blown flute of Southeastern Europe andTurkey.

UF caval kavali kavall qawul

BT ductless flutekavali

USE kavalkavall

USE kavalkaya kum

USE kayagumkayago

USE kayagumkayagum

A Korean twelve-stringed zither.UF gayagum

kaya kum kayago kayakko kayako kayakum


kayakkoUSE kayagum

kayakoUSE kayagum

kayakumUSE kayagum

kazooUF bazoo

bazooka eunuch flute gazoo

gazooka gazoota tommy talker zarah

BT singing membranekecapi

USE kacapi (plucked lute)kecapi (Zither)

USE kacapi (zither)kechruk

USE angklung (xylophone)kei

BT percussion idiophonekemanak

A banana-shaped metal idiophone of Java that isusually used in pairs.

UF kenawakBT percussion idiophone

kemanchaUSE kamanche

kemancheUSE kamanche

kemenceUSE kamanche

kemencheUSE kamanche

kemendzeUSE kamanche

kemeneUSE gudulka

kementcheUSE kamanche

kenaUSE quena

kena-kenaUSE quena

kenawakUSE kemanak

Kent bugleUSE keyed bugle

Kent hornUSE keyed bugle

Kentucky dulcimerUSE Appalachian dulcimer

kettledrumUSE timpani

kettledrumsUSE timpani

key fiddleUSE keyed fiddle

keyboard controllerA MIDI with a keyboard controller.

BT MIDI controllerkeyboard ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more variedkeyboard instruments.

BT instrumental ensembleNT electronic keyboard ensemble

electronic organ ensemble harpsichord ensemble organ ensemble piano ensemble player piano ensemble

keyboard instrumentAn unspecified or unidentified keyboard

instrument.UF keyboard stringed instrument

string keyboard instrument stringed keyboard instrument

BT instrumentNT carillon

celesta clavichord clavicylinder claviharpe claviorgan dolceola dulcitone electronic keyboard electronic piano electronium harp-piano harpsichord lute-harpsichord organ orpheal piano tangent piano telharmonium toy piano virginal

MP-15

keyboard percussion instrumentUSE mallet instrument

keyboard stringed instrumentUSE keyboard instrument

keyboard synthesizerUSE electronic keyboard

keyed bugleUF Kent bugle

Kent horn royal Kent bugle

BT buglekeyed fiddle

UF key fiddle lokkelje nyckelgiga nyckelharpa Schlusselfidel Schlusselfiedel

BT bowed lutekeyed harp

USE claviharpekeyed trumpet

BT trumpetkhæn

UF kaen khen khene

BT mouth organkhaw-ng wong

USE khong wongkhen

USE khænkhene

USE khænkhil-khuur

USE morin huurkhim

A hammered dulcimer of Laos and Thailand that issimilar to, but smaller than, the yang qin.

UF kim (dulcimer)BT dulcimer

khluiA bamboo duct flute from Thailand with six or

seven finger holes and a thumb hole.BT duct flute

kholUSE mridanga

khomusUSE Jew’s harp

khong vongUSE khong wong

khong wongA group of bossed gongs set on a circular frame.

UF khaw-ng wong khong vong

BT percussion idiophonekhruang sai

A instrumental ensemble consisting of strings anda flute and used in the Thai court.

UF khruangsaiBT instrumental ensemble

khruangsaiUSE khruang sai

kiakUSE qobuz

kika kilaUSE steel guitar

kim (dulcimer)USE khim

kimbalomUSE cimbalom

kisaanjUSE mbira

kitUSE pochette

kitharaUSE cithara

klaviziteriumUSE clavicytherium

klavizitheriumUSE clavicytherium

KlavizylinderUSE clavicylinder

klentanganUSE kulintang

klong æA large Thai drum used in Buddhist temples.

UF glaw-ng æBT goblet drum

klong yaoA Thai drum played with the hands and used in

festival parades.

UF glaw-ng yaoBT goblet drum

ko tsuzumiUSE kotsuzumi

koauauA flute of the Maori people of New Zealand.

UF kooauauBT ductless flute

kobA curved brass horn from India.

BT natural hornkobsa

USE kobzakobuz

USE qobuzkobyz

USE qobuzkobza

UF kobsaBT plucked lute

kojin-biwaUSE biwa

kokleUSE Baltic psaltery

kolA double-reed instrument of the Kota people of

India.UF koulBT double reed instrument

kolintang (gong-chime)USE kulintang

komunʾgoA six-stringed fretted, plucked, zither of Korea.

UF gomungo hyonʾgum kum


komuzA long-necked, unfretted, three-stringed lute of the

Kirghiz people of Central Asia.BT plucked lute

kong houUF konghouBT harp

konghouUSE kong hou

kooauauUSE koauau

kopankaUSE gudulka

kopuzUF qopuz

qupuzBT plucked lute

koraA 21-string harp-lute of the Mende people of West

Africa.BT harp-lute

kotoA Japanese zither with 13 strings.


NT jushichigenkoto ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more koto.BT plucked instrument ensemble

kotsuzumiAn hourglass drum used in Japanese theater.

UF ko tsuzumiBT hourglass drum

koulUSE kol

krarA six-string bowl lyre from Ethiopia and Eritrea.

BT lyrekrummhorn

USE crumhornkuan tzu

USE guankulalu

USE venukulintang

UF gulintangan klentangan kolintang (gong-chime) kwintangan

BT percussion idiophonekulintang ensemble

A Filipino ensemble consisting of two sets ofkulintang and a drum.

BT percussion ensemble

kumUSE komunʾgo

kurachʾolsa kumUSE yanggum

kuraiAn end-blown flute of the Bashkir and Tatar

peoples.UF kuray

quraiBT ductless flute

kurayUSE kurai

kututengUSE mbira

kwintanganUSE kulintang

kyamanchaUSE kamanche

kytteUSE pochette

kyyakUSE qobuz

la paUSE suo na

lambeg drumA large double-headed drum associated with the

Orange Order in Northern Ireland and traditionallyused in parades.

BT drumlamellaphone

USE mbiralamellophone

USE mbiralangeleik

A fretted Norwegian box zither.BT psaltery

lap dulcimerUSE Appalachian dulcimer

large orchestraUSE orchestra

launeddasA polyphonic single-reed instrument with three

pipes that originated in Southern Sardinia.UF aenas

benas bisonas enas leuneddas lioneddas sonus de canna triedda truedda truvedda

BT single reed instrumentlautenclavicymbel

USE lute-harpsichordlautenwerck

USE lute-harpsichordLautenwerk

USE lute-harpsichordlavta

A Turkish plucked lute with tied frets, popular in theearly 20th century.

UF politiko laoutoBT plucked lute

lead singerA performer who sings the main solo vocal

portions of a popular song, often as part of a band.UF lead vocalistBT singer

lead vocalistUSE lead singer

leafOne or more leaves from a tree or other plant that

produces sound through vibration (as in a reedinstrument).

BT percussion instrumentlegawka

USE ligawkaleuneddas

USE launeddasligawa

USE ligawkaligawka

A wooden aerophone from the Mazowsze region ofPoland.

UF legawka ligawa

BT natural hornlikembe

USE mbira

MP-16

limbeA side-blown flute that originated in China and

Mongolia.UF glin-bu

gling-bu lingbu

BT ductless flutelingbu

USE limbelinguaphone

USE mbiralioneddas

USE launeddaslira

USE bowed string instrument lyre

lira (lirone)USE lirone

lira (short-necked fiddle)UF lyra (short-necked fiddle)BT bowed lute

lira da braccioUF lira da spalla

lira di sette corde lira moderna lyra (lira da braccio)

BT bowed lutelira da gamba

USE lironelira da spalla

USE lira da bracciolira di sette corde

USE lira da bracciolira doppia

USE lironelira grande

USE lironelira in gamba

USE lironelira moderna

USE lira da bracciolirica

UF liritzaBT bowed lute

liritzaUSE lirica

lironeUF arcivioladaslyras

arciviolata arciviolatalira gran lira lira (lirone) lira da gamba lira doppia lira grande lira in gamba lirone perfetto lyra (lirone) lyra de gamba lyra perfecta lyrone

BT bowed lutelirone perfetto

USE lironelithophone

A stone or a set of stones that is struck to producesound.

BT percussion idiophoneliu qin

BT plucked luteliu sheng

USE lu shengliuto attiorbato

USE archlutelive electronics

BT electronicslokkelje

USE keyed fiddlelootspill

BT accordionlove flute

USE Native American flutelow voice

BT singerNT alto voice

bass-baritone voice bass voice

lowland bagpipesUSE border pipes

lowland pipesUSE border pipes

lu shengUF kæng

liu shengBT mouth organ

luo guUF luo gu ensembleBT percussion ensemble

luo gu ensembleUSE luo gu

lurBT natural horn

luteA fretted plucked-string instrument with a pear-

shaped body that was popular in 16th-18th centuryEurope. For other lute-type instruments, see pluckedlute and bowed lute.

UF lyraBT plucked luteNT archlute

Baroque lute Renaissance lute

lute, BrazilianUSE viola-de-cocho

lute-clavierUSE lute-harpsichord

lute consortUSE lute ensemble

lute ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more European

lutes, often of different sizes.UF lute consortBT plucked instrument ensemble

lute-harpsichordA gut-strung harpsichord with a mellow tone similar

to a lute.UF lautenclavicymbel

Lautenwerk lautenwerck lute-clavier theorbo-harpsichord

BT plucked string instrument keyboard instrument zither

luthealUF piano luthealBT prepared piano

lyraUSE bowed string instrument

hurdy-gurdy lute lyre

lyra, bellUSE glockenspiel

lyra (lira da braccio)USE lira da braccio

lyra (lirone)USE lirone

lyra (short-necked fiddle)USE lira (short-necked fiddle)

lyra bastardaUSE baryton

lyra de gambaUSE lirone

lyra perfectaUSE lirone

lyra violUF lyro-viol

viola bastardaBT viol

lyreAn unspecified string instrument whose strings are

attached to a yoke that lies in the same plane as thesoundtable.

UF lira lyra

BT plucked string instrumentNT begena

cithara crwth jouhikko krar simsimiyya talharpa

lyre, bellUSE glockenspiel

lyre-guitarBT guitar

lyro-violUSE lyra viol

lyroneUSE lirone

ma tʻou chʻinUSE morin huur

MacArthur harpUSE harp zither

machadaUSE cavaquinho

macheteUSE cavaquinho

machete-de-bragaUSE cavaquinho

machetinhoUSE cavaquinho

madalUF madalaBT drum

madalaUSE madal

madindaUSE amadinda

magnetic resonator pianoAn electronically-augmented acoustic grand piano

using electromagnets to extend the capabilities of thetraditional piano without speakers or amplification.

UF MRP (magnetic resonator piano)BT piano

mahanataka vinaUSE gottuvadyam

mahoriAn instrumental ensemble originating in Thailand

that combines melodic and rhythmic percussion,string, and wind instruments.

BT instrumental ensemblemale voice

BT singerNT baritone voice

bass-baritone voice bass voice boy soprano voice changing voice countertenor voice tenor voice

mallet controllerAn electronic instrument that simulates the sound

of a mallet instrument.UF xylophone controllerBT mallet instrument

percussion controllermallet ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more differentmallet instruments of any type.

BT percussion ensembleNT marimba ensemble

mallet instrumentAn unspecified mallet instrument of any type.

UF keyboard percussion instrument mallet percussions

BT percussion idiophoneNT balo

gender glockenspiel heliphon mallet controller marimba sticcado pastorale vibraphone xylophone xylorimba zoomoozophone

mallet percussionsUSE mallet instrument

mando-celloUSE mandoloncello

mandocelloUSE mandoloncello

mandolaUF mandolino

mandora mandore mandorre

BT mandolinmandolin

UF mandolineBT plucked luteNT mandola

mandoloncellomandolin ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or moreinstruments of the mandolin family.

UF mandolin orchestraBT plucked instrument ensemble

mandolin guitar zitherUSE harp zither

MP-17

mandolin harp zitherUSE harp zither

mandolin orchestraUSE mandolin ensemble

mandolin zitherUSE harp zither

mandolineUSE mandolin

mandolinoUSE mandola

mandoloncelloUF mando-cello

mandocelloBT mandolin

mandoraUSE calichon

mandolamandore

USE mandolamandorlauten

USE calichonmandorre

USE mandolamandurria

USE bandurriaMannerchor

USE men's chorusmaraca

BT indirectly struck idiophonemarching band

BT bandmarimba

UF marimbaphoneBT mallet instrument

marimba (mbira)USE mbira

marimba ensembleBT mallet ensemble

marimba-xylophoneUSE xylorimba

marimbaphoneUSE marimba

marimbulaUSE mbira

marine trumpetUSE trumpet marine

marovany (box zither)BT plucked string instrument

zithermarovany (tube zither)

USE valihaMartenot

USE ondes MartenotMartenot's ondes musicales

USE ondes Martenotmatou qin

USE morin huurmatouqin

USE morin huurmbila

USE mbirambira

UF African hand piano hand piano hand piano, African kalimba kisaanj kututeng lamellaphone lamellophone likembe linguaphone marimba (mbira) marimbula mbila nsansi sandza sansa sansi thumb piano

BT plucked idiophonemechanical clock-organ

USE musical clockmechanical instrument

An unspecified instrument whose sound isproduced fully or partially through automated means.

UF automatic instrument automatic musical instrument automatophone

BT instrumentNT clock chimes

mechanical organ

mechanical piano music box orchestrion panharmonicon phonograph turntable violano-virtuoso

mechanical organAn unspecified mechanized organ.

UF automatic organBT mechanical instrument

organNT barrel organ

calliope fairground organ musical clock player organ water organ

mechanical pianoAn unspecified mechanized piano.

BT mechanical instrument piano

NT barrel piano player piano

mechanical singing-bird boxUF mechanical singing-bird tabatiere

singing-bird box, mechanical tabatiere, mechanical singing-bird

BT music boxmechanical singing-bird tabatiere

USE mechanical singing-bird boxmedium voice

BT singerNT baritone voice

mezzo-soprano voicemegaphone

A device used to amplify other media in theperformance of a musical work.

BT wind instrumentNT vamp-horn

mellophoneUSE alto horn

melodeon (button-key accordion)BT button-key accordion

melodeon (reed organ)USE reed organ

melodicaA keyboard harmonica.

UF scalettaBT harmonica

melody fluteBT duct flute

toy instrumentmelody instrument

An unspecified instrument on which more than onenote can be played.

BT instrumentmeloharp

BT zithermembranophone

An unspecified instrument whose sound isproduced via vibrations of a stretched membrane.

BT instrumentNT drum

singing membranemendjan

USE mendzanmendzan

UF mendzang mendjan menjyang menzan

BT xylophonemendzang

USE mendzanmenjyang

USE mendzanmen's chorus

A chorus of adult male voices.UF MannerchorBT chorus

menzanUSE mendzan

meta-harpBT plucked string instrument

zithermey

UF nay (oboe)BT double reed instrument

mezzo-soprano (singer)USE mezzo-soprano voice

mezzo-soprano oboeUSE oboe d’amore

mezzo-soprano voiceUF mezzo-soprano (singer)BT female voice

medium voiceMIDI controller

BT electronic instrumentNT keyboard controller

wind controllerMIDI-harpsichord

USE electronic harpsichordmilitary band

USE bandmime

UF mime artistBT performer

mime artistUSE mime

mirdangUSE mridanga

mirlitonBT singing membrane

mirutankamUSE mridanga

miruthangamUSE mridanga

misniceUF mjersniceBT bagpipe

mixed chorusBT chorus

mixed mediaNon-musical elements such as movement,

projected images, audience participation, etc., oreffects related to electronic music.

UF multi-media multimedia

BT ensemble performer

mjersniceUSE misnice

mobile phoneUSE cell phone

mock trumpetUSE chalumeau

Mongolian zitherUSE yatga

monochordBT plucked string instrument

zithermoon guitar

USE yue qinmoon lute

USE yue qinmorin huur

UF huur, morin khil-khuur ma tʻou chʻin matou qin matouqin

BT bowed lutemoso-biwa

USE biwamountain dulcimer

USE Appalachian dulcimermouseketier

BT electronic instrumentmouth bow

BT musical bowNT chipendani

mouth drumUSE vocal percussion

mouth harmonicaUSE harmonica

mouth organAn unspecified mouth organ.

BT free reed instrumentNT harmonica

khæn lu sheng plung sheng sho

mrdangUSE mridanga

mrdangaUSE mridanga

mrdangamUSE mridanga

mridangaAny of several types of double-headed drum used

to accompany devotional music and known byvarious names in different regions of India.

MP-18

mridanga (Continued)UF khol

mirdang mrdang mrdanga mrdangam mridangam mirutankam miruthangam pakhavaj pakhawaj

BT drummridangam

USE mridangaMRP (magnetic resonator piano)

USE magnetic resonator pianomukha veena

USE mukhavinamukhavina

UF mukha veenaBT double reed instrument

multi-mediaUSE mixed media

multimediaUSE mixed media

musette (bagpipe)USE bagpipe

musette (oboe)UF musette pipeBT oboe

musette pipeUSE musette (oboe)

music boxUF musical boxBT mechanical instrument

plucked idiophoneNT mechanical singing-bird box

music conductorUSE conductor

music directorUSE conductor

music sampler softwareUSE software sampler

music synthesizerUSE synthesizer

musical bowA bow that is played as a musical instrument in its

own right and not as a device to draw sound fromanother instrument.

UF harp bowBT zitherNT berimbau

gora mouth bow

musical boxUSE music box

musical clockA clock equipped with a mechanical organ. For

sounds produced by a clock equipped with a carillonor other chiming mechanism use clock chimes.

UF clock, musical clock-organ flute clock flute-playing clock mechanical clock-organ

BT mechanical organmusical glasses

USE glass harmonica verrophone

musical instrumentUSE instrument

musical jaw boneUSE jawbone

musical synthesizerUSE synthesizer

musical toy instrumentUSE toy instrument

musicsticksUSE clapsticks

nadasvaramUSE nagasvaram

nadaswaramUSE nagasvaram

nagasuramUSE nagasvaram

nagasvaramUF nadasvaram

nadaswaram nagasuram nagaswaram nakasvaram

nayanamBT double reed instrument

nagaswaramUSE nagasvaram

naiUSE nay (flute)

panpipesnakasvaram

USE nagasvaramnallari

USE tʻaepʻyongsonarrator

USE speakerNative American flute

UF American Indian flute love flute Native American love flute

BT duct fluteNT siyotanka

Native American love fluteUSE Native American flute

natural hornAn unspecified valveless horn. For the orchestral

valved or valveless French horn, use horn.BT brass instrumentNT alphorn

bugle didjeridu kob ligawka lur oliphant post horn Russian horn shofar turu (side-blown trumpet)

natural trumpetUSE trumpet

nay (flute)UF nai

ney qusaba

BT ductless flutenay (oboe)

USE meynayanam

USE nagasvaramnaykhi

USE naykhimnaykhim

UF naykhiBT drum

new century harpBT plucked string instrument

zitherney

USE nay (flute)ngoma

UF engoma goma gomo ingoma ingomba ngomba ngomm ngomo

BT drumngomba

USE ngomangomm

USE ngomangomo

USE ngomangoze

USE algojanickelodeon

USE orchestrionnishiki-biwa

USE biwano-flute

USE nokanno-kan

USE nokannoardske balke

USE noordsche balknohkan

USE nokannokan

UF no-flute no-kan nohkan

BT ductless flute

noordsche balkAny of several types of zither played in the Low

Countries.UF hommel

humle hummel noardske balke scheitholt

BT psalteryNorthumberland small pipes

USE Northumbrian small pipeNorthumbrian small pipe

UF Northumberland small pipes Northumbrian small pipes Northumbrian smallpipes small pipe, Northumbrian small pipes, Northumbrian

BT bagpipeNorthumbrian small pipes

USE Northumbrian small pipeNorthumbrian smallpipes

USE Northumbrian small pipenotched rattle

UF bone rattle rattle, bone rattle, notched

BT indirectly struck idiophoneNovachord

UF electrical orchestra Hammond Novachord orchestra, electrical

BT electronic keyboard electronic organ

nsansiUSE mbira

nun's fiddleUSE trumpet marine

nyckelgigaUSE keyed fiddle

nyckelharpaUSE keyed fiddle

oboeBT double reed instrumentNT musette (oboe)

oboe d’amore oboe da caccia

oboe d’amoreUF mezzo-soprano oboeBT oboe

oboe da cacciaBT oboe

oboe ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more oboes of

any type, sometimes also including one or moreEnglish horns or other double reed instrument.

BT woodwind ensembleocarina

BT duct fluteolifant

USE oliphantoliphant

UF olifantBT natural horn

ondes MartenotUF Martenot

Martenot's ondes musicales ondes musicales ondium Martenot

BT electronic instrumentondes musicales

USE ondes Martenotondium Martenot

USE ondes Martenotongnyugum


ophicleideBT brass instrument

oratorUSE speaker

orchestraA large ensemble consisting of bowed string

instruments and some combination of wind and othertypes of instruments, or such an ensemble whoserelative size is not specified. For a small orchestra sospecified, use chamber orchestra.

UF full orchestra large orchestra

BT instrumental ensembleNT chamber orchestra

orchestra, electricalUSE Novachord

MP-19

orchestra bellsUSE glockenspiel

orchestral bellsUSE glockenspiel

orchestral chimesUSE tubular bells

orchestrionUF nickelodeonBT mechanical instrument

organUF enharmonic organ

pipe organBT aerophone

keyboard instrumentNT bambuso sonoro

chamadron chamber organ electronic organ mechanical organ positive organ pyrophone theater organ

organ, cabinetUSE reed organ

organ, parlorUSE reed organ

organ ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more organs of

any type.BT keyboard ensemble

organetteBT player organ

organistrumUSE hurdy-gurdy

orkonUF chrometteBT recorder

orpharionBT plucked lute

orphealAn instrument combining aspects of the piano,

organ, and harmonium.BT keyboard instrument

oudUF oude

ʻudBT plucked lute

oudeUSE oud

pakhavajUSE mridanga

pakhawajUSE mridanga

pan, sopranoUSE steel drum

pan, steelUSE steel drum

pan fluteUSE panpipes

pan pipesUSE panpipes

pandean pipesUSE panpipes

pandeiroUSE tambourine

pandoraUSE bandora

pandoreUSE bandora

pandurUSE tambura (drone lute)

panfluteUSE panpipes

panharmoniconBT mechanical instrument

panpipesUF antara

nai pan flute pan pipes pandean pipes panflute pan's pipes

BT ductless fluteNT siku

panpipes ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more sets of

panpipes.BT woodwind ensemble

pan's pipesUSE panpipes

parA cylindrical drum that originated in Tamil Nadu,

India.BT drum

par-dessus de violeUSE pardessus de viole

paradonUSE baryton

paraiUF piraiBT frame drum

pardessus de violeUF descant viol

high treble viol par-dessus de viole quinton

BT violparidon

USE barytonpariton

USE barytonparlor organ

USE reed organpastoral oboe

USE pipe (musical instrument)pava

USE algojapawa

USE algojapedal clarinet

USE contrabass clarinetpedal clavichord

A clavichord with a pedal-board like that of anorgan.

BT clavichordpedal harp

A modern Western harp. For an unspecifiedchordsphone in which the plane of strings isperpendicular to the soundboard see harp.

BT harppedal harpsichord

A harpsichord with a pedal-board like that of anorgan.

UF pedalcembaloBT harpsichord

pedal pianoA piano with a pedal-board like that of an organ.

UF pedal pianoforteBT piano

pedal pianoforteUSE pedal piano

pedal steel guitarA steel guitar equipped with a pedal that allows for

instantaneous change of tuning.BT steel guitar

pedalcembaloUSE pedal harpsichord

pejogedan bumbungUSE gamelan joged bumbung

pelittoneBT tuba

penny whistleUF feadog stain

pennywhistle tin whistle whistle (penny whistle)

BT duct flutepennywhistle

USE penny whistlepentacontachordon

USE sambuca linceapercussion

One or more unspecified instruments in thepercussion family that are often included as part of alarger ensemble. For a single unspecified percussioninstrument see percussion instrument.

BT instrumentpercussion controller

BT electronic instrument percussion instrument

NT mallet controllerpercussion ensemble

BT instrumental ensembleNT drum circle

handbell choir kulintang ensemble luo gu mallet ensemble steel band taiko (drum ensemble)

percussion idiophoneAn unspecified percussion idiophone.

BT struck idiophoneNT bell

bilo bonang bronze drum cajon cata celesta clapsticks cloud chamber bowls crotales cymbal dulcitone gong jaltarang kei kemanak khong wong kulintang lithophone mallet instrument polopalo ranat ek ranat thum semantron slit drum steel drum toy piano triangle tubaphone txalaparta

percussion instrumentA single unspecified percussion instrument. For

one or more unspecified percussion instruments thatare often included as part of a larger ensemble seepercussion.

BT instrumentNT balloon

drum drum set glass leaf percussion controller sound effects struck idiophone struck string instrument tin can

performerAn unspecified participant in a musical work.

NT actor audience celebrant conductor dancer instrument mime mixed media signer voice

phiaUSE phin phia

phin phiaUF phia

phin pia pin piah

BT stick zitherphin pia

USE phin phiaphonofiddle

A one-string violin developed by Augustus Strohand used in early sound recordings.

BT violinphonograph turntable

UF turntable, phonograph turntable system (phonograph)

BT mechanical instrumentpi

BT double reed instrumentpi pa

UF Chinese lute pipa

BT plucked lutepianette

USE barrel pianopiano

UF concert grand (piano) fortepiano grand piano pianoforte spinet (piano) spinnet (piano) upright piano

MP-20

piano (Continued)BT keyboard instrument

struck string instrument zither

NT magnetic resonator piano mechanical piano pedal piano prepared piano spinet square piano

piano, toyUSE toy piano

piano accordionUSE accordion

piano ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more pianos,

each of which has one or more performers.BT keyboard ensemble

piano-harpBT electronic instrument

piano luthealUSE lutheal

piano organUSE barrel piano

piano-playerUSE player piano

pianoforteUSE piano

piccoloBT flute

piccolo trumpetUSE trumpet

pien chungUSE bian zhong

pillana groviUSE venu

pin peatA Khmer classical court ensemble.

UF bin bady pinn peat pinpeat

BT ensemblepin piah

USE phin phiapincollo

USE pinkullupincullo

USE pinkullupincuyllu

USE pinkullupingullo

USE pinkullupinkayllu

USE pinkullupinkillu

USE pinkullupinkullu

An end-blown flute from the Andes region.UF pincollo

pincullo pincuyllu pingullo pinkayllu pinkillu pinquillo

BT duct flutepinn peat

USE pin peatpinpeat

USE pin peatpinquillo

USE pinkullupipa

USE pi papipe (musical instrument)

An unspecified simple end-blown flute with orwithout finger holes.

UF bamboo pipe chalumeau (pipe) pastoral oboe shepherd's pipe symphonet tabor pipe

BT duct fluteNT flaviol

gaita (pipe) galoubet

pipe bandAn ensemble consisting of two or more bagpipes

and various drums.UF bagpipe bandBT instrumental ensemble

pipe organUSE organ

pipes, cauld windUSE border pipes

pipes, lowlandUSE border pipes

pipes, Scotish lowlandUSE border pipes

piphatAn instrumental ensemble of Thailand featuring the

pi.UF sep nyaiBT instrumental ensemble

piraiUSE parai

pʻiriBT double reed instrument

pitch-pipeUSE pitchpipe

pitchpipeUF pitch-pipeBT free reed instrument

pitoUSE dulzaina

player organBT mechanical organNT organette

player pianoUF piano-player

reproducing pianoBT mechanical pianoNT digital player piano

player piano ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more player

pianos.BT keyboard ensemble

plectral instrumentUSE plucked instrument

plucked dulcimerUSE Appalachian dulcimer

plucked idiophoneBT idiophone

plucked instrumentNT Jew’s harp

mbira music box

plucked instrumentAn unspecified plucked instrument of any material.

For a plucked string instrument see plucked stringinstrument.

UF plectral instrumentBT instrumentNT plucked idiophone

plucked string instrumentplucked instrument ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more pluckedinstruments of various types.

UF plucked string ensembleBT instrumental ensembleNT balalaika ensemble

guitar ensemble harp ensemble koto ensemble lute ensemble mandolin ensemble tambura (fretted lute) ensemble

plucked luteAn unspecified plucked string instrument of the

Sachs-Hornbostel classification. For the frettedplucked-string instrument popular in 16th-18thcentury Europe see lute.

BT plucked string instrumentNT balalaika

bandolin bandora bandurria banjo banjo ukulele biwa bouzouki calichon cavaquinho charango cigar box guitar cittern colascione cuatro dombra domra dutar English guitar guitar

guitarra portuguesa guitarron gunibri harp-lute guitar kacapi (plucked lute) kobza komuz kopuz lavta liu qin lute mandolin orpharion oud pi pa ruan rubab sanshin sanxian sapeh sarod saz setar (Iranian instrument) shamisen shudraga sitar sung tambura (drone lute) tambura (fretted lute) tanbur tar (lute) theorbo tiple tres ukulele vihuela viola d'arame viola-de-cocho yue qin

plucked string ensembleUSE plucked instrument ensemble

plucked string instrumentAn unspecified plucked string instrument. For an

unspecified plucked instrument of any material seeplucked instrument.

UF plucked stringed instrumentBT plucked instrument

string instrumentNT Appalachian dulcimer

autoharp bandura chakhe chipendani citaharp claviorgan đan bau diddley bow harmonic canon harp harp-piano harp zither harpola harpsichord ichigenkin kacapi (zither) kayagum komunʾgo koto lute-harpsichord lyre marovany (box zither) meta-harp monochord new century harp ongnyugum plucked lute psaltery qanun qin siter stick zither tambi valiha vina virginal washtub bass yatga zheng zitho-harp

plucked stringed instrumentUSE plucked string instrument

MP-21

plungBT mouth organ

plung orchestraAn ensemble consisting of two or more plungs.

BT instrumental ensemblepochette

UF kit kytte pocket fiddle Taschengeige treble violin

BT violinpocket fiddle

USE pochettepodorhythm

USE foot tappingpoispil

USE bumbasspolitiko laouto

USE lavtapolopalo

BT percussion idiophonepommer

USE shawmPontian lyra

USE kamanchePontic kemenche

USE kamanchePontic lyra

USE kamanchePortuguese guitar

USE guitarra portuguesaPortuguese viola

USE viola d'aramepositive

USE positive organpositive organ

A movable organ.UF positive

table organBT organ

post hornUF coach-horn

posthornBT natural horn

posthornUSE post horn

practice chanterBT double reed instrument

prepared pianoA piano that has been altered by placing objects

on and/or between the strings.BT pianoNT lutheal

prepared violinA violin that has been altered by attaching wire or

objects on and/or between the strings.BT violin

preset rhythm machineUSE drum machine

primer clarinetUSE clarinet

processed soundBT electronics

provencal, tambourinUSE tambourin

Provence, tambourin deUSE tambourin

psalmodiconUSE psalmodikon

psalmodikonUF psalmodicon

salmodikonBT bowed string instrument

zitherpsaltery

An unspecified neckless zither.UF ala

salterioBT plucked string instrument

zitherNT Baltic psaltery

epinette des Vosges gusli langeleik noordsche balk

puitaUSE cuica

pullankulalUSE venu

pullankuzhalUSE venu

pungBT drum

pyrophoneUF calliope, explosion

calliope, fire chemical harmonica explosion calliope explosion organ fire calliope fire organ flame organ harmonica, chemical

BT organqanun

UF k'anon kanonaki kanoon kanun


qawulUSE kaval

qinUF ch'in

guqinBT plucked string instrument

zitherqobuz

UF kiak kobuz kobyz kyyak qobyz

BT bowed luteqobyz

USE qobuzqopuz

USE kopuzquena

UF cuena kena kena-kena quena-quena

BT ductless flutequena-quena

USE quenaquerequexe

USE reco-recoquica

USE cuicaquijada

USE jawbonequijada de burro

USE jawbonequinto (drum)

BT congaquinton

USE pardessus de violequiringua

USE teponaztliqupuz

USE kopuzqurai

USE kuraiqusaba

USE nay (flute)rabab (lute)

USE rubabrabab (spike fiddle)

Any of the various spike fiddles common in NorthAfrica, the Middle East, and other parts of Asia.

UF rababa (spike fiddle) rababah (spike fiddle) rebab (spike fiddle) ribab (spike fiddle) spike fiddle

BT bowed luterababa (imzad)

USE imzadrababa (spike fiddle)

USE rabab (spike fiddle)rababah (lute)

USE rubabrababah (spike fiddle)

USE rabab (spike fiddle)rabeca

UF rebecaBT bowed lute

rabobUSE rubab

racketUF cervelas

cervelat cortaldi cortalli rackett rankett

BT double reed instrumentrackett

USE racketradio receiver

BT electronic instrumentralladera

USE guiroram's horn

USE shofarrana-t ay-k

USE ranat ekranaat eek

USE ranat ekranat aek

USE ranat ekranat dham

USE ranat thumranat ek

UF rana-t ay-k ranaat eek ranat aek roneat ek

BT percussion idiophoneranat thum

UF ranat dhamBT percussion idiophone

rankettUSE racket

rapping, headUSE head rapping

rascadorUSE guiro

raspadorUSE reco-reco

rattleBT indirectly struck idiophoneNT baby rattle

sistrumrattle, bone

USE notched rattlerattle, notched

USE notched rattlerbab

USE rubabreader

USE speakerrebab (lute)

USE rubabrebab (spike fiddle)

USE rabab (spike fiddle)rebana

UF rebanoBT drum

rebanoUSE rebana

rebecA European bowed lute, normally with a vaulted

back and tapering outline.UF rebeck

rebecke rebekke

BT bowed luterebeca

USE rabecarebeck

USE rebecrebecke

USE rebecrebekke

USE rebecreco-reco

UF canza caracaxa casaca cataca ganza querequexe raspador reque-reque

BT indirectly struck idiophonerecorder

UF basset recorder beak flute Blockflote common flute English flute flauto dolce

MP-22

recorder (Continued) subcontrabass recorder

BT duct fluteNT alto recorder

bass recorder contrabass recorder csakan great bass recorder orkon sopranino recorder soprano recorder tenor recorder tonette tussefløyte

recording and reproducing pianoUSE digital player piano

reed instrumentAn unspecified reed instrument.

BT woodwind instrumentNT double reed instrument

single reed instrumentreed organ

UF cabinet organ harmonium melodeon (reed organ) organ, cabinet organ, parlor parlor organ

BT free reed instrumentNT bichromatic harmonium

vocalionRenaissance lute

A lute popular in Europe from the 15th-17thcenturies that has five to twelve courses, the uppercourses tuned primarily in fourths.

BT luterepinque

An Afro-Brazilian medium-sized single-headeddrum, sometimes used in pairs.

UF repiqueBT drum

repiqueUSE repinque

reproducing pianoUSE player piano

reque-requeUSE reco-reco

resonator guitarUF dobro

resophonic guitarBT guitar

resophonic guitarUSE resonator guitar

rgya glinUSE rgya-gling

rgya-glingUF rgya glinBT double reed instrument

rhythm machineUSE drum machine

ribab (lute)USE rubab

ribab (spike fiddle)USE rabab (spike fiddle)

rin gongUSE singing bowl

rindikUSE tingklik

robabUSE rubab

rohbabUSE rubab

roneat ekUSE ranat ek

roopillBT single reed instrument

royal Kent bugleUSE keyed bugle

ruanUF chung juan

daruan zhongruan

BT plucked luterubab

UF Afghan lute rabab (lute) rababah (lute) rabob rbab rebab (lute) ribab (lute) robab

rohbab rubaub rubob

BT plucked luteNT imzad

rubaubUSE rubab

rubobUSE rubab

rudra veenaUSE vina

rudra vinaUSE vina

Russian hornBT natural horn

ryutekiBT ductless flute

sa lawUSE salo

sackbutA brass instrument operated using a telescopic

slide that was generally used in the 15th-18thcenturies.

UF sagbut shagbut shakbush

BT trombonesaenap

USE tʻaepʻyongsosagbut

USE sackbutsahnai

UF sanai sanayi shahnai shanai shehnai surnai

BT double reed instrumentsaitar

USE setar (Iranian instrument)salmodikon

USE psalmodikonsalo

A Thai two-string spike fiddle with a separate bowand coconut shell resonator.

UF sa lawBT bowed lute

salterioUSE dulcimer

psalterysaluang

An Indonesian open end-blown bamboo flute.BT ductless flute

sambeUSE sapeh

sambuca linceaAn enharmonic harpsichord.

UF pentacontachordonBT harpsichord

samisenUSE shamisen

sampehUSE sapeh

sampeqUSE sapeh

sampiʹUSE sapeh

samplerAn electronic musical instrument that has no sound

of its own, and whose sounds are entirely derivedfrom recordings.

UF sound samplerBT electronic instrumentNT software sampler

sampler softwareUSE software sampler

sampling drum machineUSE drum machine

sanaiUSE sahnai

sanayiUSE sahnai

sandzaUSE mbira

sangenUSE shamisen

sanjaUSE shudraga

sansaUSE mbira

sanshinA Japanese three-stringed lute.

UF jabisen jamisen

BT plucked lutesansi

USE mbirasantir

USE santursantoor

USE santursantur

A trapezoidal dulcimer of Asia and the Balkans.UF santir

santoor sintir (dulcimer)

BT dulcimersanxian

A Chinese long-necked lute.UF hsien tse

sanxian xian ze xianzi

BT plucked luteUSE sanxian

saoA Vietnamese transverse bamboo flute.

BT ductless flutesape

USE sapehsapeh

An Indonesian plucked lute.UF sambe

sampeh sampeq sampiʹ sape sapi

BT plucked lutesapi

USE sapehsaran.gi

USE sarangisarangi

A South Asian short-necked fiddle.UF saran.giBT bowed lute

sarindaA South Asian bowed lute.

BT bowed lutesarod

A South Asian short fretless plucked lute.BT plucked lute

sarrusophoneA brass instrument played with a double reed.

BT double reed instrumentsatara

USE algojasatsuma-biwa

USE biwasaung-gauk

A Burmese arched harp.UF Burmese harp

conʻʺ conʻʺ kokʻ tsaung

BT harpsaw dua-ng

USE so duangsaw-sa-m sai

USE so sam saisaw u

USE so usax horn

USE saxhornsaxhorn

UF sax hornBT brass instrumentNT alto horn

baritone hornsaxoflute

A toy wind instrument consisting of 15 pieces thatcan be connected in various ways.

BT duct flute toy instrument

saxophoneUF subcontrabass saxophoneBT single reed instrumentNT alto saxophone

baritone saxophone bass saxophone contrabass saxophone

MP-23

sopranino saxophone soprano saxophone tenor saxophone

saxophone choirUSE saxophone ensemble

saxophone ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more

saxophones of any type.UF saxophone choirBT woodwind ensemble

sazA long-necked fretted lute.

BT plucked luteNT baglama

scalettaUSE melodica

scalmuseUSE shawm

schalmeiUSE shawm

schalmuseUSE shawm

scheitholtUSE noordsche balk

SchlusselfidelUSE keyed fiddle

SchlusselfiedelUSE keyed fiddle

Scottish harpUSE Irish harp

Scottish lowland bagpipesUSE border pipes

Scottish lowland pipesUSE border pipes

sehtarUSE setar (Iranian instrument)

sekereUSE cabaca

semandronUSE semantron

semanterUSE semantron

semanterionUSE semantron

semanthronUSE semantron

semantronA wooden percussion board struck with a hammer

and used as a call to prayer.UF semandron

semanter semanterion semanthron simandron

BT percussion idiophonesemar pagulingan

USE gamelan semar pegulingansemar pegulingan

USE gamelan semar pegulingansemsemiya

USE simsimiyyasemsemiyya

USE simsimiyyasep nyai

USE piphatsequencer

An electronic device that creates repeatablesequences of sound.

BT electronic instrumentserng

USE sungserpent

BT brass instrumentseta

USE setar (Iranian instrument)setar (Iranian instrument)

An Iranian four-stringed plucked long-necked lute.UF saitar

sehtar seta setor sihtar

BT plucked lutesetar (sitar)

USE sitarsetor

USE setar (Iranian instrument)seyo go

USE changgoshagbut

USE sackbut

shahnaiUSE sahnai

shakbushUSE sackbut

shakuhachiA Japanese end-blown bamboo flute.

UF syakuhatiBT ductless flute

shalmUSE shawm

shalmeUSE shawm

shalmieUSE shawm

shalmuseUSE shawm

shamisenA Japanese three-stringed fretless plucked lute.

UF samisen sangen

BT plucked luteshanai

USE sahnaishandz

USE shudragashandze

USE shudragashank bone

USE tibiashanz

USE shudragashawm

UF bombarde (shawm) chalmeye chalmie chalumeau (shawm) pommer scalmuse schalmei schalmuse shalm shalme shalmie shalmuse

BT double reed instrumentshehnai

USE sahnaishekere

USE cabacasheng

BT mouth organshepherd's pipe

USE pipe (musical instrument)shidurgu

USE shudragashin bone

USE tibiashinbone

USE tibiashino

USE shinobueshinobue

A Japanese transverse bamboo flute.UF shino

takebueBT ductless flute

shoBT mouth organ

shofarUF ram's hornBT natural horn

showground organUSE fairground organ

shudragaUF sanja

shandz shandze shanz shidurgu shudugu

BT plucked luteshudugu

USE shudragasico

USE sikusicu

USE sikuside drum

USE snare drumsigner

A performer who uses sign language.BT performer

sihtarUSE setar (Iranian instrument)

sikuUF sico

sicu zampona

BT panpipessimandron

USE semantronsimple chordophone

USE zithersimsimijah

USE simsimiyyasimsimiyah

USE simsimiyyasimsimiyya

An Arabian bowl or box lyre.UF semsemiya

semsemiyya simsimijah simsimiyah sumsumiyya

BT lyresinger

A performer who uses his or her voice to producemusical tone. For an unspecified vocalized part seevoice.

UF vocalistBT voiceNT child's voice

female voice high voice lead singer low voice male voice medium voice

singing-bird box, mechanicalUSE mechanical singing-bird box

singing bowlA Himalayan metal bowl that is generally struck or

rubbed with a padded mallet.UF bowl, Himalayan

bowl, singing gong, rin gong, suzu Himalayan bowl rin gong suzu gong Tibetan singing bowl

BT bell friction idiophone

singing membraneA membrane made to vibrate by speaking or

singing into it.BT membranophoneNT kazoo

mirlitonsinging trumpet

USE vamp-hornsingle reed instrument

An unspecified single reed instrument.BT reed instrumentNT balaban (single reed instrument)

birbyne chalumeau cifte clarinet launeddas roopill saxophone tarogato

sintirUSE gunibri

sintir (dulcimer)USE santur

sipsiUSE cifte

sistroA series of small mushroom-shaped bells mounted

in a frame on a handle.UF timpano musicaleBT bell

sistrumBT rattle

sitarUF citara

setar (sitar)BT plucked luteNT surbahar

siterBT plucked string instrument

zither

MP-24

siyotankaBT Native American flute

skrzypceUF diabelskie skrzypce

devil's fiddle devil's violin diable skrzype fiddle, devil's

BT violinslide trombone

USE tromboneslide trumpet

USE trumpetslit drum

A hollowed-out piece of wood with one or moreslits.

BT percussion idiophoneNT teponaztli

small pipe, NorthumbrianUSE Northumbrian small pipe

small pipes, NorthumbrianUSE Northumbrian small pipe

snare drumUF caixa

side drumBT drumNT surdo

tabor tamboril tambourin

so duangA two-stringed Thai bowed lute.

UF saw dua-ngBT bowed lute

so laUSE suo na

so sam saiA three-stringed Thai spike fiddle.

UF saw-sa-m saiBT bowed lute

so uUF saw uBT bowed lute

soft samplerUSE software sampler

software samplerUF music sampler software

sampler software soft sampler

BT samplersolchanggo

USE changgosolo vocal ensemble

An ensemble consisting of solo voices. For anensemble consisting of two or more unspecifiedvoices see vocal ensemble.

BT vocal ensemblesolor

USE bansurisona

USE suo nasong bell

USE xylophonesong flute

USE tonettesonus de canna

USE launeddassopranino clarinet

UF E♭ clarinet (sopranino) E-flat clarinet (sopranino) high E♭clarinet high E-flat clarinet

BT clarinetsopranino recorder

BT recordersopranino saxophone

BT saxophonesoprano, boy (singer)

USE boy soprano voicesoprano, child (singer)

USE child soprano voicesoprano (singer)

USE soprano voicesoprano pan

USE steel drumsoprano recorder

UF descant recorderBT recorder

soprano saxophoneBT saxophone

soprano voiceUF soprano (singer)

BT female voice high voice

sordellinaUF surdellinaBT bagpipe

sornaUSE zurna

sornaiUSE zurna

sound effectsSounds and noises, primarily percussive that are

often produced by noise-making objects not normallyregarded as musical instruments.

BT percussion instrumentsound sampler

USE samplersound synthesizer

USE synthesizersousaphone

BT tubaSpanish guitar

USE guitarspeaker

A performer who uses a speaking, rather than asinging, voice.

UF narrator orator reader

BT voicespike fiddle

USE rabab (spike fiddle)spinet

BT pianospinet (harpsichord)

USE harpsichordspinet (piano)

USE pianospinnet (piano)

USE pianospoken chorus

An ensemble of performers who use a speakingvoice rather than a singing voice.

BT chorussquare piano

UF square pianoforteBT piano

square pianoforteUSE square piano

squashboxUSE concertina

squeezeboxUSE button-key accordion

staccato-pastorellaUSE sticcado pastorale

stage bandUSE big band

stand-up bassUSE double bass

steel bandAn ensemble consisting of steel drums and rhythm

instruments.UF steel orchestra

steelband tinpanny

BT percussion ensemblesteel drum

UF bass pan drum, steel pan, soprano pan, steel soprano pan steel pan tenor pan

BT percussion idiophonesteel guitar

UF Hawaiian guitar Hawaiian steel guitar kika kila

BT guitarNT pedal steel guitar

steel orchestraUSE steel band

steel panUSE steel drum

steelbandUSE steel band

sticcadoUSE sticcado pastorale

sticcado pastoraleUF staccato-pastorella

sticcado

sticcado-pastroleBT mallet instrument

sticcado-pastroleUSE sticcado pastorale

stick zitherA chordophone consisting of a stick bearing a

string.BT plucked string instrument

zitherNT bumbass

phin phiastone flute

USE iwabuestone whistle

USE iwabuestraw fiddle

USE xylophonestreet organ

USE barrel organstreet piano

USE barrel pianostring band

An ensemble consisting largely or wholly of stringinstruments and often associated with jazz music.

BT instrumental ensemblestring bass

USE double bassstring ensemble

USE bowed string ensemblestring instrument

An unspecified string instrument. For anunspecified string instrument played with a bow seebowed string instrument.

UF chordophone stringed instrument

BT instrumentNT bowed string instrument

harp-lute plucked string instrument struck string instrument zither

string instrument ensembleUSE bowed string ensemble

string keyboard instrumentUSE keyboard instrument

string orchestraAn orchestra consisting solely or primarily of string

instruments.BT instrumental ensemble

stringed instrumentUSE string instrument

stringed instrument ensembleUSE bowed string ensemble

stringed keyboard instrumentUSE keyboard instrument

stringsUSE bowed string ensemble

struck idiophoneBT idiophone

percussion instrumentNT concussion idiophone

indirectly struck idiophone percussion idiophone

struck string instrumentBT percussion instrument

string instrumentNT berimbau

clavichord dulcimer piano tangent piano

stviriUSE chiboni

su-naUSE suo na

subcontrabass recorderUSE recorder

subcontrabass saxophoneUSE saxophone

suifukinBT edge-blown instrument

sulingBT duct flute

sumsumiyyaUSE simsimiyya

sungUF serngBT plucked lute

suo naUF chi na

hiang te la pa

MP-25

so la sona su-na suona ta ti wa wa erh wu li wa

BT double reed instrumentsuona

USE suo nasupeljka

UF supelkaBT ductless flute

supelkaUSE supeljka

surbaharBT sitar

surdellinaUSE sordellina

surdoUF caixa-surdaBT snare drum

surlaUSE zurna

surleUSE zurna

surnaUSE zurna

surnaiUSE sahnai

zurnasuzu gong

USE singing bowlsviraja

USE sviralasvirala

UF duduk (duct flute) frula jedina jedinka jednojka sviraja svirale zvegljica

BT duct flutesvirale

USE sviralaswaenap

USE tʻaepʻyongsosyakuhati

USE shakuhachisymphonet

USE pipe (musical instrument)symphonic band

USE bandsymphonic wind ensemble

USE bandsymphonic winds

USE bandsynth

USE synthesizersynthesiser

USE synthesizersynthesizer

An electronic instrument capable of producingsounds by generating electrical signals of differentfrequencies.

UF music synthesizer musical synthesizer sound synthesizer synth synthesiser

BT electronic instrumentNT electronic keyboard

ta tiUSE suo na

taarUSE tar (lute)

tabalaUSE tabla

tabatiere, mechanical singing-birdUSE mechanical singing-bird box

tablaA pair of small, tuned, hand-played drums from

South Asia.UF tabalaBT drum

table organUSE positive organ

taborBT snare drum

tabor pipeUSE pipe (musical instrument)

tabourUSE tambourin

tabourinUSE tambourin

tʻaepʻyongsoUF hojok

nallari saenap swaenap

BT double reed instrumenttaiko

BT drumtaiko (drum ensemble)

An ensemble consisting mainly of indigenousJapanese percussion instruments.

BT percussion ensembletakebue

USE shinobuetalharpa


talking drumUF dundun

ganganBT hourglass drum

tam-tamA large flat gong of indefinite pitch.

UF tamtamBT gong

tambalBT dulcimer

tambiBT plucked string instrument

zithertambor

USE atabaquetamboril

BT snare drumtamborim

BT frame drumtambou

A French Caribbean drum formed from a hollowedout tree trunk covered in animal skin.

BT drumtamboura

USE tambura (drone lute)tambourin

A double-headed snare drum from Provence. Forthe single-headed frame drum, usually with jingleshanging loosely from openings in the shell, seetambourine.

UF Provence, tambourin de provencal, tambourin tabour tabourin tambourin de Provence tambourin provencal

BT snare drumtambourin de Provence

USE tambourintambourin provencal

USE tambourintambourine

A small single-headed frame drum, usually withjingles hanging loosely from openings in the shell. Forthe double-headed snare drum from Provence seetambourin.

UF adufo basque, tambour de pandeiro tambur de basque

BT frame drum indirectly struck idiophone

tambouritzaUSE tambura (fretted lute)

tamburUSE tanbur

tambur de basqueUSE tambourine

tambura (drone lute)A South Asian long-necked plucked drone lute.

UF pandur tamboura tamburi tampuri tanpura

BT plucked lutetambura (fretted lute)

A Balkan long-necked lute.UF tambouritza

tamburica tamburitza

BT plucked lutetambura (fretted lute) ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more tamburas.BT plucked instrument ensemble

tamburiUSE tambura (drone lute)

tamburicaUSE tambura (fretted lute)

tamburitzaUSE tambura (fretted lute)

tampuriUSE tambura (drone lute)

tamtamUSE tam-tam

tamukkuUSE tasha

tanboorUSE tanbur

tanburUF tambur

tanboor tanbura (lute)

BT plucked lutetanbura (lute)

USE tanburtangent piano

A keyboard instrument whose strings are struck byslips of wood that resemble harpsichord jacks.

BT keyboard instrument struck string instrument zither

tanpuraUSE tambura (drone lute)

tansoBT ductless flute

tap dancerA performer who tap dances as part of a musical

composition.BT dancer

tape (electronics)USE electronics

tapping, footUSE foot tapping

tar (drum)BT frame drum

tar (lute)UF taarBT plucked lute

tar pinkaylluUSE tarka

taragotUSE tarogato

tarakavaUSE tarogato

tarcaUSE tarka

tarkaA wooden duct flute of the Andes.

UF anata tar pinkayllu tarca tharka

BT duct flutetaro patch fiddle

USE ukuleletarogato

UF taragot tarakava torogoata

BT single reed instrumenttaropatch

USE ukuleletarsa

USE tashatarsha

USE tashatasa

USE tashaTaschengeige

USE pochettetasha

UF tamukku tarsa tarsha tasa

BT drumtavil

UF dhavul thavil

BT drum

MP-26

television setBT electronic instrument

telharmoniumUF dynaphoneBT electronic instrument

keyboard instrumenttemple drum

USE yaogutenor (singer)

USE tenor voicetenor horn

USE alto horntenor oboe

USE English horntenor pan

USE steel drumtenor recorder

BT recordertenor saxophone

BT saxophonetenor trombone

USE trombonetenor violin

BT bowed lutetenor voice

UF tenor (singer)BT high voice

male voicetenora

BT double reed instrumentteorbe

USE theorbotepenahuasqui

USE teponaztliteponagua

USE teponaztliteponahuaztli

USE teponaztliteponaxtle

USE teponaztliteponaztli

UF quiringua tepenahuasqui teponagua teponahuaztli teponaxtle tinco tun-kul

BT slit drumtermenvoks

USE theremint'goerra

USE gorat'gorrah

USE goratharka

USE tarkathavil

USE taviltheater organ

An organ developed to provide background musicfor silent films.

UF cinema organ theatre organ

BT organtheatre organ

USE theater organtheorb

USE theorbotheorbe

USE theorbotheorbo

A large extended-neck lute with two peg boxes thatwas used principally in the Baroque period, on whichthe upper courses have a reentrant tuning and thediapasons are tuned diatonically.

UF chitarrone teorbe theorb theorbe tiorba tuorba tuorbe

BT plucked lutetheorbo-harpsichord

USE lute-harpsichordtheremin

UF aetherphon termenvoks thereminvox

BT electronic instrument

thereminvoxUSE theremin

thoroughbassUSE continuo

through bassUSE continuo

thumb pianoUSE mbira

ti-tseUSE di zi

Tibetan singing bowlUSE singing bowl

tibiaUF shank bone

shin bone shinbone

BT woodwind instrumenttimbales criollos

BT drumtimpani

UF kettledrum kettledrums timpanum tympani

BT drumtimpano musicale

USE sistrotimpanum

USE timpanitimple

USE tipletin can

BT percussion instrumenttin whistle

USE penny whistletinco

USE teponaztlitingklik

UF rindikBT xylophone

tinpannyUSE steel band

tiorbaUSE theorbo

tipleUF guitarillo

timpleBT plucked lute

tobaUSE tupan

tom-tomUF Chinese tom-tomBT drum

tombakUSE zarb

tommy talkerUSE kazoo

tonetteUF song fluteBT recorder

topanUSE tupan

torogoataUSE tarogato

tower clock bellUSE clock chimes

toy instrumentAn instrument made for children that is often a

simplified or scaled-down version of a conventionalinstrument.

UF musical toy instrument toy musical instrument

BT instrumentNT baby rattle

harpola melody flute saxoflute toy piano

toy musical instrumentUSE toy instrument

toy orchestraUF toy symphonyBT instrumental ensemble

toy pianoUF piano, toyBT keyboard instrument

percussion idiophone toy instrument

toy symphonyUSE toy orchestra

tʾpanUSE tupan

transverse fluteUSE flute

trap kitUSE drum set

trap setUSE drum set

trapsUSE drum set

trautoniumBT electronic instrument

treble violBT viol

treble violinUSE pochette

treble voiceUSE boy soprano voice

tresBT plucked lute

triangleBT percussion idiophone

trieddaUSE launeddas

tromba marinaUSE trumpet marine

tromboneUF slide trombone

tenor trombone valve trombone

BT brass instrumentNT alto trombone

bass trombone sackbut

trombone choirUSE trombone ensemble

trombone ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more trombones.

UF trombone choirBT brass ensemble

trueddaUSE launeddas

trumpUSE Jew’s harp

trumpetUF bass trumpet

natural trumpet piccolo trumpet slide trumpet valve trumpet

BT brass instrumentNT keyed trumpet

trumpet, mockUSE chalumeau

trumpet, singingUSE vamp-horn

trumpet choirUSE trumpet ensemble

trumpet ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more trumpets.

UF trumpet choirBT brass ensemble

trumpet marineUF fiddle, nun's

marine trumpet nun's fiddle tromba marina

BT bowed lutetruvedda

USE launeddastsaung

USE saung-gauktshipendani

USE chipendanitsigulka

USE gudulkatsymbaly

USE cimbalomtuba

UF bass horn bass tuba BB♭ tuba Bʹ♭ tuba bombardon Cʹ tuba CC tuba contrabass tuba double B-flat tuba double C tuba

BT brass instrumentNT helicon

pelittone sousaphone

MP-27

tuba ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more tubas.

BT brass ensembletuba stentoro-phonica

USE vamp-horntubaphone

UF tubuphoneBT percussion idiophone

tube zitherBT zitherNT chakhe

valihatubular bells

UF chimes, orchestral orchestral chimes

BT belltubuphone

USE tubaphonetulum

USE chibonitulumi

USE chibonitumba

BT drumtumbadora

USE congatun-kul

USE teponaztlitunbak

USE zarbtuning fork piano

USE dulcitonetuorba

USE theorbotuorbe

USE theorbotupan

UF daul goc toba topan tʾpan

BT drumturntable, phonograph

USE phonograph turntableturntable system (phonograph)

USE phonograph turntableturu (side-blown trumpet)

BT natural horntusse fløyte

USE tussefløytetussefløyte

UF tusse fløyteBT recorder

txalapartaBT percussion idiophone

txistuUSE galoubet

tympaniUSE timpani

ʻudUSE oud

uilean pipeUSE uilleann pipe

uileann pipeUSE uilleann pipe

uilleann pipeUF Irish organ

uilean pipe uileann pipe

BT bagpipeuke

USE ukuleleukelele

USE ukuleleukulele

UF taro patch fiddle taropatch uke ukelele yukelele

BT plucked luteukulele banjo

USE banjo ukuleleunspecified instrument

USE instrumentupright bass

USE double bassupright piano

USE pianourucungu

USE berimbau

valehaUSE valiha

valihaUF baliha

marovany (tube zither) valeha valiha-volo volo

BT plucked string instrument tube zither

valiha-voloUSE valiha

valve tromboneUSE trombone

valve trumpetUSE trumpet

vamp-hornUF singing trumpet

trumpet, singing tuba stentoro-phonica vamping-horn

BT megaphonevamping-horn

USE vamp-hornveena

USE vinaveene

USE vinavenu

A ductless flute used in Carnatic music.UF kulalu

pillana grovi pullankulal pullankuzhal venuvu

BT ductless flutevenuvu

USE venuverrophon

USE verrophoneverrophone

UF glasses, musical musical glasses verrophon

BT friction idiophoneveuze

BT bagpipevibraharp

USE vibraphonevibraphone

UF vibraharpBT mallet instrument

vichitra vinaUSE vicitra vina

vicitra vinaUF vichitra vinaBT vina

vielleUSE hurdy-gurdy

vielle a roueUSE hurdy-gurdy

vihuelaUF vihuela comun

vihuela de manoBT plucked lute

vihuela comunUSE vihuela

vihuela de manoUSE vihuela

vinaUF bin

bina rudra veena rudra vina veena veene vinai vine


NT gottuvadyam vicitra vina

vinaiUSE vina

vineUSE vina

violAn unspecified instrument from the family of

fretted, bowed string instruments in use from the16th-18th centuries.

UF gamba (family of viols) viola da gamba (family of viols)

BT bowed luteNT lyra viol

pardessus de viole treble viol viola da gamba viola d'amore violone

viol, bassUSE viola da gamba

violaBT bowed luteNT viola pomposa

viola bastardaUSE lyra viol

viola braguesaUSE viola d'arame

viola choirUSE viola ensemble

viola chuleiraUSE viola d'arame

viola da braccioUF braccio, viola daBT bowed string instrument

viola da gambaUF bass viol

gamba, viola da viol, bass

BT violviola da gamba (family of viols)

USE violviola d'amore

BT violviola d'arame

UF arame, viola da Portuguese viola viola braguesa viola chuleira viola de arame

BT plucked luteviola de arame

USE viola d'arameviola-de-cocho

UF Brazilian lute lute, Brazilian

BT plucked luteviola di bordone

USE barytonviola ensemble

An ensemble consisting of two or more violas.UF viola choirBT bowed string ensemble

viola paredonUSE baryton

viola pomposaBT viola

violano-virtuosoBT mechanical instrument

violetta d'amoreA bowed string instrument with five playing and six

resonating strings developed in Germany in the 20thcentury.

BT bowed luteviolin

BT bowed luteNT electric violin

phonofiddle pochette prepared violin skrzypce

violin choirUSE violin ensemble

violin ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more violins.

UF violin choirBT bowed string ensemble

violoBT bowed lute

violoncelloUSE cello

violoncello piccoloBT cello

violoneUF double bass violBT viol

violottaBT bowed lute

virginalBT keyboard instrument


visualsA visual component of a musical performance.

MP-28

vocal ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more unspecified

voices. For an ensemble consisting of solo voices,use solo vocal ensemble.

BT ensembleNT chorus

solo vocal ensemblevocal percussion

A vocalist who creates sounds with the mouth thatapproximate, imitate, or otherwise serve the samepurpose as a percussion instrument.

UF bouladjel mouth drum

BT voice body percussion

vocalionBT reed organ

vocalistUSE singer

voiceAn unspecified vocalized part. For a performer who

uses his or her voice to produce musical tone seesinger.

BT performerNT singer

speaker vocal percussion

voloUSE valiha

Vosges, epinette desUSE epinette des Vosges

wa wa erhUSE suo na

washboardBT indirectly struck idiophone

washboard bandUF band, washboardBT instrumental ensemble

washintUF wasintBT ductless flute

washtub bassUF gutbucketBT plucked string instrument

wasintUSE washint

water organUF hydraulic organ

hydraulis hydraulos hydraulus

BT mechanical organNT hydraulic barrel organ

waterphoneBT friction idiophone

Welsh harpUSE Irish harp

whistleBT duct flute

whistle (penny whistle)USE penny whistle

whistlingBT aerophone

body percussionwind band

USE bandwind-bell

USE wind chimewind chime

UF wind-bell windchime

BT aerophone idiophone

wind controllerUF electronic trumpet

electronic valve instrument electronic wind instrument eVI (electronic valve instrument) eVI wind controller eWI (electronic wind instrument)

BT aerophone MIDI controller

wind ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more mixed wind

instruments. For a brass or woodwind ensemble, seebrass ensemble or woodwind ensemble. For windband, see band.

BT instrumental ensembleNT brass ensemble

woodwind ensemblewind ensemble (band)

USE band

wind instrumentAn unspecified woodwind or brass instrument.

BT aerophoneNT brass instrument

jug megaphone woodwind instrument

wind machineUF aeoliphoneBT friction idiophone

wind orchestraUSE band

wind symphonyUSE band

windchimeUSE wind chime

woman's voiceUSE female voice

women’s chorusBT chorus

wood-wind instrumentUSE woodwind instrument

woodwind ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more different

woodwind instruments.BT wind ensembleNT clarinet choir

flute choir oboe ensemble panpipes ensemble saxophone ensemble

woodwind instrumentAn unspecified woodwind instrument.

UF wood-wind instrumentBT wind instrumentNT edge-blown instrument

reed instrument tibia

wu li waUSE suo na

xaramitaUSE gralla

xian zeUSE sanxian

xianziUSE sanxian

xiaoBT ductless flute

xirimiaUSE chirimia

xirimitaUSE gralla

xunBT ductless flute

xylo-marimbaUSE xylorimba

xylophoneUF bell, song

fiddle, straw song bell straw fiddle

BT mallet instrumentNT amadinda

angklung (xylophone) gambang mendzan tingklik

xylophone controllerUSE mallet controller

xylorimbaUF marimba-xylophone

xylo-marimbaBT mallet instrument

yamatobueUSE kagurabue

yanchinUSE yoochin (dulcimer)

yanchirUSE yoochin (dulcimer)

yang qinUF yangqinBT dulcimer

yanggumUF kurachʾolsa kumBT dulcimer

yangqinUSE yang qin

yaoguUF huagu

temple drumBT drum

yatagaUSE yatga

yatgaUF Mongolian zither

yataga yatug yatug-a yatuga


yatugUSE yatga

yatug-aUSE yatga

yatugaUSE yatga

yoochin (dulcimer)UF eochin

yanchin yanchir

BT dulcimeryue hu

USE gao huyue qin

UF moon guitar moon lute yueqin

BT plucked luteyueqin

USE yue qinyuka

BT drumyukelele

USE ukulelezampona

USE sikuzarah

USE kazoozarb

UF domback dombak tombak tunbak

BT goblet drumzheng

UF Chinese zither gu zheng guzheng


zhong huUF zhonghuBT er hu

zhonghuUSE zhong hu

zhongruanUSE ruan

zhui qinBT hu qin

ziliaUSE finger cymbals

zilsUSE finger cymbals

zinkUSE cornett

zitherUF cither

simple chordophoneBT string instrumentNT aeolian harp

ajaeng Appalachian dulcimer autoharp bulbultarang citaharp clavichord claviorgan đan bau đan tranh diddley bow dolceola dulcimer harmonic canon harp guitar harp-piano harp zither harpola harpsichord hurdy-gurdy ichigenkin kacapi (zither) kayagum

MP-29

komunʾgo koto lute-harpsichord marovany (box zither) meloharp meta-harp monochord musical bow new century harp ongnyugum piano psalmodikon psaltery qanun qin siter stick zither tambi tangent piano tube zither vina virginal yatga zheng zitho-harp

zither ensembleAn ensemble consisting of two or more zithers.

BT instrumental ensemblezither harp

USE harp zitherzitho-harp


zoomoozophoneBT mallet instrument

zukraUSE zurna

zumariBT double reed instrument

zurlaUSE zurna

zurnaUF sorna

sornai surla surle surna surnai zukra zurla

BT double reed instrumentzvegljica

USE svirala

a-jaeng alghōzā dulcimer, Appalachian · dulcimer, Appalachian dulcimer, Kentucky dulcimer, lap...

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Transcript of a-jaeng alghōzā dulcimer, Appalachian · dulcimer, Appalachian dulcimer, Kentucky dulcimer, lap...