A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
-
Upload
jerico-jacob-mendiola-ue -
Category
Documents
-
view
225 -
download
0
Transcript of A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
1/21
A gas engine means an engine running on a gas, such ascoal gas,producer gasbiogas,landfillgas, ornatural gas. In theUK, the term is unambiguous. In theUS, due to the widespread use of
"gas" as an abbreviation forgasoline, such an engine might also be called a gaseous fueled
engine, spark ignited engine, or natural gas engine.
Generally the term gas engine refers to a heavy-duty, slow-revving industrial engine capable ofrunning continuously at full output for periods approaching a high fraction of 8,760 hours per
year, for many years, with indefinite lifetime, unlike, say, a gasoline automobile engine, which is
lightweight, high-revving and typically runs for no more than 4,000 hours in its entire life.
Typical power ranges from 10 kW to 4,000 kW.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasolinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landfill_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producer_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal_gas -
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
2/21
Typical applications
Typical applications arebaseloador high-hour generation schemes, includingcombined heat andpower,landfillgas,minesgas,well-head gas andbiogas(where the waste heat from the engine
may be used to warm the digesters). For typical biogas engine installation parameters see.[4]
For
parameters of a large gas engine CHP system, as fitted in a factory, see.[5]Gas engines are rarelyused for standby applications, which remain largely the province of diesel engines. One
exception to this is the small (
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
3/21
[edit] Electrical efficiency
Gas engines linked to generators that run on natural gas are typically between 35-45%
electrically efficient.[6], the best products can achieve an electrical efficiency at more than 48% in
their medium speed enginesBergen EnginesFuel energy arises at the output shaft, the remainder
appears as waste heat.[5]
Large engines are more efficient than small engines. Gas enginesrunning onbiogastypically have a slightly lower efficiency (~1-2%) andsyngasreduces the
efficiency further still. GE Jenbacher's recent J624 engine is the world's first 24 cylinder gas
engine with a high efficiency running on methane.[7]
When considering electrical efficiency one should consider whether this is at the lower heating
value or higher heating value of the gas. Engine manufacturers will typically quote efficiencies atthe lower heating value of the gas, i.e. the efficiency after energy has been taken to evaporate the
intrinsic moisture within the gas itself. Gas distribution networks will typically charge based
upon the higher heating value of the gas (i.e. total energy content).
Carburetor
The carburetor mixes air and gasoline in the proper proportion before it is injected intothe cylinder as a mist.
Fuel Injector
Fuel injectors, which are electronically controlled valves, have fully replaced carburetorsas the method of mixing gasoline and air. They use an electronic management system,
injecting precise amounts of gas depending on sensor readings of engine speed and other
conditions.
Piston
The ignition of the gasoline in the cylinder pushes a piston outward to crank thecrankshaft. The piston oscillates back and forth within the cylinder.
Spark Plug
The spark plug ignites the gasoline, producing the explosion in the cylinder. Old sparkplugs can impair ignition timing and, therefore, fuel efficiency.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_engine&action=edit§ion=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_engine&action=edit§ion=7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_engine&action=edit§ion=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-5http://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/energy_products/gas_engines/bergen_b-gas/index.jsphttp://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/energy_products/gas_engines/bergen_b-gas/index.jsphttp://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/energy_products/gas_engines/bergen_b-gas/index.jsphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-claverton-energy.com-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-claverton-energy.com-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-claverton-energy.com-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-GE_Jenbacher_J624-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-GE_Jenbacher_J624-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-GE_Jenbacher_J624-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-GE_Jenbacher_J624-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syngashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-claverton-energy.com-4http://www.rolls-royce.com/energy/energy_products/gas_engines/bergen_b-gas/index.jsphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_engine#cite_note-5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gas_engine&action=edit§ion=7 -
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
4/21
Camshaft
The camshaft is the shaft with varying radii that pushes against the spring-loaded exhaustand intake valves to the cylinder in order to open them.
Crankshaft
Connecting rods attach the pistons to the crankshaft. The crankshaft, the main rotatingshaft in the engine, converts the linear oscillations of the pistons into rotary motion.
01)Cylinder Block Function- In the bore ofcylinderthe fresh charge of air-fuel mixture is
ignited,compressed by piston and expanded to give power topiston.
02)Cylinder Head
Function-It carries inlet andexhaust valve.Fresh charge is admitted through inlet valveand burnt gases are exhausted from exhaust valve.In case ofpetrol engine,a spark plugand in case of diesel engine,a injector is also mounted on cylinder head.
03) Piston Function-During suction stroke,it sucks the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture throughinlet
valveand compresses during the compression stroke inside the cylinder.This way pistonreceives power from the expanding gases after ignition in cylinder.Also forces the burnt
exhaust gases out of the cylinder throughexhaustvalve.
04)Piston Rings Function-It prevents the compressed charge of fuel-airmixturefrom leaking to the other
side of the piston.Oil rings,is used for removing lubricating oil from the cylinder afterlubrication.This ring prevents the excess oil to mix with charge.
05)Connecting Rod Function-It changes the reciprocating motion of piston intorotary motionat
crankshaft.This way connecting rod transmits the power produced at piston to crankshaft.
06)Gudgeon Pin Function-Connects the piston with small end of connecting rod. 07)Crank Pin Function-hand over the power and motion to thecrank shaftwhich come from piston
through connecting rod.
08) Crank Shaft Function-Receives oscillating motion from connecting rod and gives a rotary motion to
the main shaft.It also drives the camshaft which actuate the valves of theengine.
09)Cam Shaft Function-It takes driving force from crankshaft through gear train or chain and operates
the inletvalveas well as exhaust valve with the help of cam followers,push rod and
rocker arms.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Preacutions-of-unlubricated-air-cylinderhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Preacutions-of-unlubricated-air-cylinderhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Preacutions-of-unlubricated-air-cylinderhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Hydraulic-Reciprocating-Pump-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Hydraulic-Reciprocating-Pump-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Hydraulic-Reciprocating-Pump-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Which-Type-Of-Piston-You-Will-Use-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Which-Type-Of-Piston-You-Will-Use-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Which-Type-Of-Piston-You-Will-Use-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Headshttp://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Headshttp://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Headshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Two-Stroke-Petrol-Engine-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Two-Stroke-Petrol-Engine-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Two-Stroke-Petrol-Engine-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://kidgas.hubpages.com/hub/Heat-Exhaustion-Safety-Tipshttp://kidgas.hubpages.com/hub/Heat-Exhaustion-Safety-Tipshttp://kidgas.hubpages.com/hub/Heat-Exhaustion-Safety-Tipshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-types-of-Air-Compressor-Part-Ahttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-types-of-Air-Compressor-Part-Ahttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-types-of-Air-Compressor-Part-Ahttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Bernoullis-Equation-and-its-applicationshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Bernoullis-Equation-and-its-applicationshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Bernoullis-Equation-and-its-applicationshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-is-Bernoullis-Equation-and-its-applicationshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/details-of-CrankShaft-used-in-Internal-Combustion-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-types-of-Air-Compressor-Part-Ahttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-You-Can-Connect-Piston-To-Crankshaft-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Why-Piston-Rings-Are-So-Important-In-Automobile-Enginehttp://kidgas.hubpages.com/hub/Heat-Exhaustion-Safety-Tipshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Valves-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Two-Stroke-Petrol-Engine-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Draw-Valve-Timing-Diagram-For-Four-Stroke-Petrol-Enginehttp://williamgreen.hubpages.com/hub/Chevy-31-Liter-Engine-Leaking-Intake-Manifold-Gasket-and-Warped-Headshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Which-Type-Of-Piston-You-Will-Use-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Hydraulic-Reciprocating-Pump-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Preacutions-of-unlubricated-air-cylinder -
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
5/21
10)InletValve & Exhaust Valve Function-Inlet valve allow the fresh charge of air-fuel mixture to enter the cylinder
bore.Exhaust valve permits theburnt gasesto escape from the cylinder bore at proper
timing.
11) Governor
Function-It controls the speed of engine at a different load by regulating fuel supply indiesel engine.Inpetrolengine,supplying the mixture of air-petrol and controlling the
speed at various load condition.
12) Carburettor Function-It converts petrol infine sprayand mixes with air in proper ratio as per
requirement of the engine.
13)Fuel Pump Function-This device supply the petrol to the carburettor sucking from thefueltank. 14)Spark Plug Function-This device is used in petrol engine only and ignite the charge of fuel for
combustion.
15)Fuel Injector
Function-This device is used in diesel engine only and delivers fuel in fine spray underpressure.
http://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Important-Guidelines-for-Air-Intake-Pipe-of-Air-Compressorhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Important-Guidelines-for-Air-Intake-Pipe-of-Air-Compressorhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Important-Guidelines-for-Air-Intake-Pipe-of-Air-Compressorhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Types-Of-Scavengings-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Types-Of-Scavengings-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Types-Of-Scavengings-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Increase-Ignition-Timing-In-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Increase-Ignition-Timing-In-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Increase-Ignition-Timing-In-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Combustion-Chambers-Used-In-IC-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Combustion-Chambers-Used-In-IC-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Combustion-Chambers-Used-In-IC-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://liambean.hubpages.com/hub/The-Fine-Art-of-Spark-Plug-Maintenancehttp://liambean.hubpages.com/hub/The-Fine-Art-of-Spark-Plug-Maintenancehttp://liambean.hubpages.com/hub/The-Fine-Art-of-Spark-Plug-Maintenancehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Internal-Combustion-Engine-is-different-from-Steam-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Internal-Combustion-Engine-is-different-from-Steam-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Construction-And-Working-Of-Fuel-Injection-Pumphttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Internal-Combustion-Engine-is-different-from-Steam-Enginehttp://liambean.hubpages.com/hub/The-Fine-Art-of-Spark-Plug-Maintenancehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/What-Should-Be-The-Air-Fuel-Ratio-In-Internal-Combustion-Engineeringhttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-Mico-Fuel-Injection-System-Workshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Different-Types-Of-Combustion-Chambers-Used-In-IC-Engineshttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/How-To-Increase-Ignition-Timing-In-Petrol-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Types-Of-Scavengings-Used-In-Internal-Combustion-Enginehttp://prasannasutrave.hubpages.com/hub/Important-Guidelines-for-Air-Intake-Pipe-of-Air-Compressor -
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
6/21
The diesel engine
Diesel engines, like gasoline powered engines, have a crankshaft, pistons, camshaft, etc. Inaddition, four-stroke diesels require four piston strokes for the complete combustion cycle,
exactly like a gasoline engine. The difference lies in how the fuel mixture is ignited. A diesel
engine does not rely on a conventional spark ignition to ignite the fuel mixture. Instead,
heat produced by compressed air in the combustion chamber ignites the fuel and producesa power stroke. This is known as a compression-ignition engine.
No fuel enters the cylinder on the intake stroke, only air. Since only air is present on the
intake stroke, only air is compressed on the compression stroke. At the end of thecompression stroke, fuel is sprayed into the combustion chamber and the mixture ignites.
The fuel/air mixture ignites because of the very high temperatures generated by the highcompression ratios used in diesel engines. Typically, the compression ratios used inautomotive diesels run anywhere from 16:1-23:1. A typical spark-ignition engine has a ratio
of about 8:1-10:1. This is why a spark-ignition engine, which continues to run after youhave shut off the engine, is said to be "dieseling." It is running on combustion chamber heat
alone. Designing an engine to ignite on its own combustion chamber heat poses certainproblems. For instance, although a diesel engine has no need for a coil, spark plugs, or a
distributor, it does need what are known as "glow plugs." These look like spark plugs, butare only used to warm the combustion chambers when the engine is cold. Without theseplugs, cold starting would be impossible. Also, since fuel timing (rather than spark timing) is
critical to a diesel's operation, all diesel engines are fuel-injected rather than carbureted,since the precise fuel metering necessary is not possible with a carburetor.
Figure 6 Cutaway view of an in-line overhead cam four-cylinder diesel engine.Note the similarity to the gasoline engine shown above.
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
7/21
Figure 7 The four-stroke operating principal applied to a diesel engine.
http://www.procarcare.com/includes/content/resourcecenter/encyclopedia/ch08/8FIG7.htmlhttp://www.procarcare.com/includes/content/resourcecenter/encyclopedia/ch08/8FIG7.html -
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
8/21
Spark plug
Thespark plugsupplies the spark that ignites the air/fuel mixture so that combustion can occur.
The spark must happen at just the right moment for things to work properly.
Valves
The intake and exhaust valves open at the proper time to let in air and fuel and to let out exhaust.
Note that both valves are closed during compression and combustion so that the combustion
chamber is sealed.
Piston
A piston is a cylindrical piece of metal that moves up and down inside the cylinder.
Piston rings
Piston rings provide a sliding seal between the outer edge of the piston and the inner edge of thecylinder. The rings serve two purposes:
They prevent the fuel/air mixture and exhaust in the combustion chamber from leakinginto the sump during compression and combustion.
They keepoilin the sump from leaking into the combustion area, where it would beburned and lost.
Most cars that "burn oil" and have to have a quart added every 1,000 miles are burning it becausethe engine is old and the rings no longer seal things properly.
Connecting rod
The connecting rod connects the piston to the crankshaft. It can rotate at both ends so that its
angle can change as the piston moves and the crankshaft rotates.
Crankshaft
The crankshaft turns the piston's up and down motion into circular motion just like a crank on a
jack-in-the-box does.
Sump
The sump surrounds the crankshaft. It contains some amount of oil, which collects in the bottom
of the sump (the oil pan).
http://auto.howstuffworks.com/ignition-system.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/ignition-system.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/ignition-system.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/alternative-fuels/question105.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/alternative-fuels/question105.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/alternative-fuels/question105.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/fuel-efficiency/alternative-fuels/question105.htmhttp://auto.howstuffworks.com/ignition-system.htm -
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
9/21
What is a diesel engine ?
The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine, more specifically, a compressionignition engine, in which the fuel isignited by the high temperature of compressed gas, ratherthan a separate source of energy (such as a spark plug).
Engine Head Engine Block & Timing
How diesel engines work
When gas is compressed its temperature rises. A diesel engine exploits this property in order to
ignite the fuel. Air is drawn into the cylinder of a dieselengine, and compressed by the risingpiston. This happens at a much higher compression rate than in a spark-ignition engine. At the
top of the piston stroke diesel fuel is injected into the combustion chamber at high pressurethrough an atomising nozzle. It mixes with the hot, pressurised air. The resulting mixture ignites
and burns very rapidly. This contained explosion causes the gas in the chamber to expand,
driving the piston down with considerable force, and creating power in a vertical direction.
The connecting rod transmits this motion to the crankshaft which is forced to turn, delivering
rotary power at the output end of the crankshaft. Scavenging - pushing the exhausted gas-
charge out of the cylinder and drawing in a fresh draught of air - is done through ports or valves.
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
10/21
A vital component of any diesel engine system is the governor, which limits the speed of the
engine by controlling the rate of fuel delivery.
Diesel engine working principles
Suction stroke Compression stroke
Power stroke
Exhaust stroke
Fuel and fluid characteristics
Diesel fuel is a product of crude oil, although other oils can be burned inside an adapted engine.Good quality diesel fuel can be synthesized from vegetable fat and alcohol.
Diesel engines can work on thicker, heavier oil, or oil with higher viscosity, as long as it is
heated in order to ease pumping and injection. These fuels are cheaper but dirtier than clean,refined diesel oil.
Diesel fuel is more difficult to ignite than gasoline because of its higher flash point, but once
burning, a diesel fire can be extremely fierce.
The use of low-grade fuels can lead to serious maintenance problems.
3. Diesel engine supporting systems
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
11/21
A number of systems are in place for proper operation of an engine
Intake and exhaust system Starting system
Fuel system
Cooling system
Lubricating system
3.1 Intake system and exhaust system The function of this system is to allow the purified air to the cylinder
Components : The system is composed of Air cleaner,
Intake manifold,
Intake valve,
Super charger etc.
1. Wing nut 7. Air filter body
2. Washer 8. Rubber packing
3. Air filter cover 9. Air filter flange4. Rubber Packing 10. Air filter sleeve
5. Air filter cartridge 11. Intake pipe
6. Rubber packing
Faults and remedies1) Air cleaner jammed with dirt -Change
2) Internal manifold cracked -Change3) Cage --- and bent stem of intake valve -Repair or change
4) Super charger not working properly -Repair or change
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
12/21
Exhaust system
The exhaust takes out burnt gas from the cylinder
Components : The system is composed of exhaust manifold
Silencer pipe,
Silencer box and Tail pipe
Faults and remedies1) Exhaust manifold broken/cracked -Change
2) Silencer pipe cracked -Repair or change3) Silencer box jammed due to burnt or leaked carbon -Repair or change
4) Tail pipe leaked or cracked -Repair or change
3.2 Starting systemThe system starts the engine by providing the initial rotations via :
Hand-starting system Self-starting system Rope-starting system
Pedal-starting system
3.2.1 Hand-starting system:Hand-starting system is generally used in one cylinder diesel engine.
There is no fault in this system, one handle is used for starting.( Water,
lubricant and fuel must be checked before starting)
3.3 Fuel system
Engine fuel system is veryimportant through which
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
13/21
the fuel is taken out of the
fuel tank for combustion.
Essential components:
fuel tank
fuel line fuel filter
low-pressure feed pump
high-pressure fuel pump and
injector / atomizer
Faults and remedies1) Fuel tank leaked/cracked -Repair or change
2) Fuel line leaked/cracked -Change
3) Filter jammed due to dirt -Change4) Low pressure/feed pump faulty -Repair or change after checking
5) High pressure fuel pump faulty -Repair or change after checking
6) Injector faulty -Repair or change after checking
3.4 Cooling system
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
14/21
Engine cooling system enables the engine to maintain a constant operating temperature.
There are two types: Water cooling system Air cooling system
3.5 Lubrication system
Using lubricant, the lubrication system prevents wear and tear of moving components andenables components to move faster and more efficiently.
The lubrication system serves three functions :
Cooling
Sealing
Cleaning
Components:
Strainer
Oil pump
Oil filter
Oil pressure gauge
Oil passage etc
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
15/21
Different Parts of Lubrication Systems
1. Copper Washer
2. Pipe Connection Bolt3. Oil Pipe
4. Cylindrical Pin
5. Lubricating Oil Pump Body
6. Locating Pin7. Lubricating Oil Pump Packing
8. Outer Rotor
9. Inner Rotor10. Oil Shaft
11. Oil Pump Cover
12. Copper Washer
13. Pipe Connection Bolt14. Oil Strainer Body Section with Pipe
15. Oil Strainer Screen
16. Circlip
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
16/21
Faults and remedies1) Strainer may be damaged -Change2) Pump may not work -Repair or change
3) Oil filter jammed due to dirt -Change
4) Oil pressure gauge faulty -Repair or change (after checking)
5) Oil passage jammed -Clean
4. Faults during engine operation
Five common faults are faced during engine operation :1 Over-heating
2 Excessive engine vibrations
3 Excessive fuel consumption
4 Excessive lubrication consumption5 Excessive noise during operation
What is the function of the fuel injection pump?
Fuel injection pump sprays higher pressure diesel in the cylinder
6. How does fuel enter the fuel pump?
Fuel enters fuel pump via two methods:
By gravity feed By pressure feed
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
17/21
7. Different parts of the in-line, high-pressure pump of a
one-cylinder engine :
Cam roller
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
18/21
8. Possible explanations for less fuel in the fuel pump :
Less fuel in fuel tank
Filterjammed by dirt
Less oil delivery by fuel transfer pump
Air lock in fuel line
9. What is located above the plunger ?
Vertical channel or slot Helical channel grove
Annular grove
10. Types of non-return valve : Suction non-return valve
Delivery non-return valve
11. How does a leak in the non-return valve affect fuel pump
delivery ?
A large leak will cause a drop in pressure, and the injector will not spray properly. A small leak will not affect the pump pressure; however less fuel will be sprayed through theinjector.
A small leak will slow the pump, and the fuel spray will be delayed.
12. Fuel pump pressure :
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
19/21
Fuel pump delivers 240-700 Kg/cm2 (4000-10,000 Psi)
13. Wearable and breakable parts of a fuel pump :
Wear of plunger
Wear of plunger bush
Plunger retaining spring can lose tension
Plunger-retaining spring can break
Wear of bush and ball bearing
Wear above tappet and bottom of plunger
Wear of roller and fan
14. Nozzle Injector Holder
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
20/21
In the case of a fault in the injector, large amounts of black smoke will be emitted from the
exhaust pipe.
-
8/2/2019 A Gas Engine Means an Engine Running on a Gas
21/21
15. Nozzle Servicing
Open faulty nozzle and clean away soot (carbon); then check whether nozzlemoves freely.
Check delicate parts.
Check nozzle valve and body.
Immerse nozzle valve and body in clear diesel oil in order to remove carbon.
Use copper wire brush - not a steel brushto clean off soot (carbon).
Fuel bore should be cleaned with a fine drill.
16. Air bleeding a diesel fuel system
The correct method of air bleeding the fuel system :
Fill up the fuel tank with new diesel oil.
Open valve of the tank.
Loosen bleeding plug of the fuel filter and pump till fuel flow is continuous.
Tighten the plug.
Loosen injection line nut and crank the engine till fuel is flowing without foam.
Close the injection line and check for leaks.