A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED DATABASE FOR PESTICIDES Fengyou Jia 1,2, Sonny Ramaswamy Gamage...
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Transcript of A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED DATABASE FOR PESTICIDES Fengyou Jia 1,2, Sonny Ramaswamy Gamage...
A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED A DEVELOPING USER-ORIENTED DATABASE FOR PESTICIDESDATABASE FOR PESTICIDES
Fengyou Jia1,2, Sonny Ramaswamy
Gamage Dissanayake3
1Department of Entomology, Kansas State University
2Department of Computing and Information Sciences, KSU
3Department of Communications – IET, Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
As You Know:
Pesticide application is one of the important practices in agricultural production.
Pesticide Usage In Kansas State, USA
Source: http://nspirs.ceris.purdue.edu/htbin/PRLIST.COM
6,136 Pests (insects, weeds, and plant diseases, …) in Kansas by 10/30/03
15,283 Pesticides (Products) registered in Kansas by 10/30/03.
Pesticide Usage In Kansas (USA)
On average, it costs a farmer $10,000 annually in pest control in Kansas
34,979 Farmers (Full time) in Kansas by 1997
Multi-million dollars spent annually in pest control in Kansas
Growing business?
Paradox in plant protection
• Applying pesticides, people can survive better from current pest stresses, but, at the unfortunate cost of
• Deteriorating the environment we live Human may achieve a better quality
living in sacrificing their descendant life
Why should we care about Environment?
Critical point
50 Years?100 Years?1000 Years?
Ext
rem
e te
mpe
ratu
re
Time
Current Future
Num
ber
of p
oapl
e ar
e de
af o
f he
at w
aves
Advantages and disadvantages
• Benefits……
• Problems Is toxic to humans and domesticated
animals Kill non-targeted organisms Disrupt eco-systems Pollute the environment ……
Pesticide Residuals In Apple
Source: http://apps1.fao.org/servlet/org.fao.waicent.codex.PesticideServlet
No Pesticide (Common name) MRL (µg/kg ) No Pesticide (Common name) MRL (µg/kg )
1 AZINPHOS-METHYL 2000 18 LINDANE 500
2 CAPTAN 25000 19 MALATHION 2000
3 CARBARYL 5000 20 METHIDATHION 500
4 CHINOMETHIONAT 200 21 OXAMYL 2000
5 CHLORPYRIFOS 1000 22 PACLOBUTRAZOL 500
6 CHLORPYRIFOS-METHYL 500 23 PARATHION 5
7 CYFLUTHRIN 500 24 PHOSALONE 5000
8 CYHEXATIN 2000 25 PHOSMET 10000
9 DICHLOFLUANID 5000 26 PHOSPHAMIDON 500
10 DIFLUBENZURON 1000 27 PIRIMIPHOS-METHYL 2000
11 DIMETHOATE 1000 28 PROPARGITE 5000
12 DIPHENYLAMINE 5000 29 PROPOXUR 3000
13 DODINE 5000 30 PYRAZOPHOS 1000
14 ETHEPHON 5000 31 THIABENDAZOLE 10000
15 FENITROTHION 500 32 THIOPHANATE-METHYL 5000
16 HEXACONAZOLE 100 33 TRIFORINE 2000
17 HEXYTHIAZOX 500 34 …...
1) Combination effect??; 2) Interaction among pesticides??
Special warning
Alachor
Aldrin
amitraz
arsenic
arsenic acid
captafol
chlordane
chlordimeform
diclofop-methyl
EDB
formaldehyde
heptachlor
lindane
linuron
pentachlorophenol
pronamide
telone
TPTH
Brodifacoum
Bromadiolone
Chlorophacinone
Cyanazine
Dinocap
Diphacinone
Pindone
Warfarin
Tumor related
Birth defect related
To reduce and mitigate the negative influence of pesticides
• Cultural practices• Biological controls• Genetic modified crops• ……• One easy way is to select relative safe pesticides in pest
control
Lack of sophisticate tools
To support the pesticides selection in pest management programs
A query:Suppose a user intends to control ants around his house. Considering safety, the user prefers the pesticide products that have low toxicity to humans and animals because the applied sites are so close to the house-member and domesticated animals. The user may be an environmental conservator and expects the desired pesticide products having low toxicity to birds and other small invertebrates. Additionally, the user may expect the pesticides have a short persistent period in the soil.
Research Objective
To design a user-oriented pesticide safety consultant system (tool) in guidance of pesticide selection and application in pest management program.
Ultimately, we expect this consultant system would assist to reduce or minimize the use of certain pesticides that commit high hazardous potentials to humans, domestic animals, ecosystems, and the environment.
Potential Users
Farmers
Growers
Extension Professions
Government Agencies (e. g., EPA)
Universities
Private Consultants
Rationality(Fundamental basis to support our objective)
Pesticides vary not only with target pests but with hazardous potentials to humans, ecosystems, and the environment as well.
Relative toxicity of pesticide to humans
Pesticide Trade Name Acute Oral (Common name) LD50 Rats
(mg/kg)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Aldicarb Temik 1
Trichlorfon Dylox 150
Methoxychlor Marlate 6000
DT50 (Time required for 50% dissipation of the initial concentration
of pesticide following application)
Pesticide Trade Name DT50 (Common name) (in soil)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Validamycin * <=5 hrs
Oxadixyl * 2-3 months
Fenarimol * >1 year
PLP (Pesticide Leach Potential)
Pesticide Trade Name PLP(Common name) (index)
------------------------------------------------------------------
Mepiquat Pix 1
Daminozide Alar 50
Dalapon Dowpon 87
Project Design
Pesticide Safety Consultant
System (PSCS)User
QueryingResults
Project design (Pesticide Safety Consultant System)
PesticideDatabase
Inputs Outputs
QueryReturning
QueryInputting
grow
control
appl
y
contain
consume
infe
st
Domain Conceptual Model
Pesticideproducts
Ingredients
Hazards
People
Pests
Crop
carry
Food
produce
Water
drink
resid
e
Diseases
have
Cau
se?
pollu
te
Object Model
Environment_hazard
Ecotoxicity
mamtoxicity
Include
EPA
WHO
BIRD
FISH
BEE
DT50
FD50
PLP
represent
Include
Include
represent
represent
represent
represent
represent
represent
represent
(PSCS)
control
contain
Pesticideproducts
Ingredients
Hazards
Pests
carry
PESTICIDE_PRODUCT
ER Diagram for PSCS (Pesticide Safety Consultant System )
Contain
PRODUCT_NO MANUFACTURE
FORMULATION
REGISTERED_STATE
PESTICIDE_EPA_NO
1 n
multiple-valued attributes.
RESTRICTED_STATE
PESTICIDE_NAME
Label
Pest
Pest_EPA_no
Pest_namePest_group
Pest_album
Pest_descriptionIng_EPA_no
n
n
(ingredients)
Control
ER Diagram for PSCS (cont.)
Ingredient
Environment__hazard
Ecotoxicity
MamtoxicityIng_EPA_no
DT50
FISH
ING_EPA_NO
Ingredient_name
Product_no
Ingredient_proportion
Mode_action
WHO
EPA
HONEY BEE
ING_EPA_NO
BIRD
ING_EPA_NO
Mam_effect
Eco_effect
Env_effect
Soil Half_lifeFD50
Field dissipation Half_life
1
1
1
1
1
1
CANCER_BIRTH_DEFECT
multiple-valued attributes.
PLP
n
Demo
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/pesticidedatabase/main.asp
http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/pesticidedatabase/main.asp
Step 1
Step 1a
Step 2
Step 2a
Step 3
Step 4
Thanks
• Comments
• Suggestions