A COMPACT MOBILE TELEPHONE HANDSET ANTENNA WITH REDUCED RADIATION

HAZARDS

Binoy Gopakumar NairCentre for Research in Electromagnetics and Antennas

Department of Electronics

Cochin University of Science & Technology

Indiabinoy@doe.cusat.edu

“May learning illumine us both, the teacher and the taught”

CONVENTIONAL ANTENNAS -THEIR DRAWBACKS

Monopole & Helical Antennas

Drawbacks3. Limitation to miniaturization

4. Antenna breakdown and poor handling

5. RF exposure experienced by the user

The hazardous effect of electromagnetic radiation emanating from mobile telephone units is a much-debated issue in recent times

While in use, the handset is placed close to the head of the user, within the near field zone of the antenna where most of the electromagnetic energy is stored rather than radiated….

..this results in considerable amount of user exposure to the RF power

HAZARDS TO MICROWAVE EXPOSURE IN MOBILE HANDSETS

The United States Federal Communications Commission has adopted a modified version of the ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 R.F safety guidelines, which limit human exposure to electromagnetic fields from mobile communication devices.The mass normalized rate of energy absorption (SAR) is limited to 1.6 W/Kg averaged over 1 gm of tissue A mobile telephone antenna must therefore, not only radiate at full strength in order to communicate properly with cellular towers, but also reduce the power density incident on the user's headThis necessitates the need for an antenna whose radiation pattern has a region of reduced radiation intensity towards the user

Here I present a novel microstrip antenna configuration with a radiation pattern exhibiting reduced radiation intensity in the direction of the user, thereby minimising the SAR

The low cost, conformality and compactness of microstrip antennas make them an ideal choice for use in mobile telephone handsets

MICROSTRIP ANTENNAS – An ideal alternative

Low Cost Conformal Compact Sufficient Power handling capacity

DESIGN & METHODOLOGY

i.fabrication of the Microstrip Antenna :Fast Fabrication process:

fast, simple tolerances within acceptable limits

ii. Excitation technique

Co-axial feed - 3.5 mm female coaxial connectorNo unwanted radiation

Feed Point- selected for perfect match

Antenna Design:

The configuration comprises of two CMA's resonating in TM11 and TM02 modes and operating at 2 GHz. They are placed back-to-back at a separation of d = 2.5cm (the thickness of typical handsets) as shown. The antennas are mounted in such a way so as to match the polarisation.

Proposed antenna configuration

(a) back view(b) front view

SOURCE HP 83651B

PRINTER/PLOTTER

DISPLAY/PROCESSOR

IF/DETECTOR

SYSTEM BUS

HP 8514B S-

PARAMETER TEST SET

PORT 1 PORT 220 MHz

RF INPUT

RECTANGULAR

WAVEGUIDE CAVITY

RESONATOR

HP 8510C

Cochin University of Science & Technology Department of Electronics

Radiation Patterns:

The figure indicates considerable reduction in the SAR in the quadrant facing the user. This region forms a zone of silence where the user's head can be located

Experimental Results:Experimental Results:The CMA resonating in the fundamental

TM11 mode radiates a broad side directed beam, whereas the higher order TM02 and TM21 modes radiate with a null in the broad side direction. Since the area of a TM21 mode CMA is nearly 35% less than that of a TM02 mode CMA, this mode is made use of in reducing the radiation towards the user's head. The combined antenna configuration gives a bandwidth of 4.7%.

bi-directional radiation pattern required for mobile telephony is achieved by placing two microstrip antennas back-to-back at a separation comparable to the thickness of typical handsets

Conclusions

• A quite Zone is formed using the null in the pattern of the higher order mode.

• The use of microstrip antennas result in a compact Handsets.

• Highly recommended for reducing the radiation hazards to the user

Thank You