The Rise of Islam

The Rise of IslamA brief historyFive Pillars of IslamThere is no God except Allah, & Muhammad is his prophet.Pray & face Mecca five times a day.Fasting & self control during the month of Ramadan (based on a lunar calendar, so it can be any time of the year).Give 2.5% of your money to the poor.Make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once if you can.

Sunni differences1.2 billionFound in all Muslim countries.Muhammad didnt leave a successor.Imaams are spiritual leaders.

SameIslam means to submit to God peacefully. If you do this, youre called a Muslim.Quran is their Holy Book. The angel Gabriel gave it to Muhammad. Written in Arabic.No images in mosques.Allah created humans, angels & jinn.Man may marry up to 4 women.Christians & Jews are called People of the Book.Jesus was a prophet, born from a virgin, is coming back, but did not die on the cross. He was taken up to heaven. He was not the Son of God.Abrahams chosen son was Ishmael, not Isaac.Good deeds lead you to heaven; bad deeds to hell.Holiest places: Mecca, Medina (Saudi Arabia) & Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem).

Shiite differences200 millionMainly in Iran, Iraq, Yemen & Lebanon.Muhammad did leave a successor.Mujtahids are spiritual leaders.

JihadMuslims believed in 'jihad' a holy war to spread Islam over all the world."Fight those who do not believe in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah & His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the tax in acknowledgment of superiority & they are in a state of subjection. Surah 9:29.When the Qur'an is read, listen to it with attention, & hold your peace: that you may receive mercy. 7:204.At its height, the Muslim world stretched from Spain to India.

Muhammad570 AD Muhammad is born in Mecca. He comes from a noble family.610 AD According to Muslim belief, at the age of 40, Muhammad is visited by the angel Gabriel while on retreat in a cave near Mecca. The angel recites to him the first revelations of the Quran and informs him that he is God's prophet.After this, he leads a small army & conquers & converts the polytheists Arabs to Islam akaconvert by the sword.

Arabic peopleIslamic Empire622 AD Muhammad moves to Medina & founds the first Islamic country (darkest green).By 732, the Islamic empire stretched from the borders of India, Persia & the Middle East, along the north coast of Africa, & into Spain.Most of the areas that the Romans controlled converted from Christianity to Islam, although there are still Christian minorities in Islamic countries i.e. Coptic Christians in Egypt.

CaliphateMost of the Muslim world was ruled by a Caliphate. He was the supreme political & religious leader of the area he ruled. A democracy or republic were foreign ideas.There were several dynasties, each with their own line of Caliphates & each ruling from a different city, i.e. Cairo, Baghdad, etc.The Ottoman Empires leader was called a Sultan.

ConquestsThe Arabs conquered Egypt, the Holy Land & North Africa from the Byzantine Empire. Arabic language & alphabet replaced the Greek, Egyptian & Berber languages & alphabet. This is why the Greek alphabet is only used in Greece today.The Umayyad conquered North Africa, Spain, & the Indus Valley. There is still religious tension between the Hindus & Muslims that live in the Indus Valley & India today.732 AD Muslims are defeated at Potiers (near the city of Tours) in France by Charles the Hammer Martel. This kept Europe Christian.Besides Spain, all of these areas today have either a minority Muslim population or are almost totally Muslim. Spain was re-conquered over a period of several hundred years by the Christian west.

Conquests in Africa1000 AD Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including Nigeria, which served as a trading center between the northern & central regions of Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa is still a mixture of Muslim, Christian & indigenous beliefs.Timbuktu was a center of trade in modern day Mali. Islam spread between the Sahara & sub-Saharan Africa.Ghana was a small kingdom southwest of the Sahara desert that brought Muslim traders through in a vast Saharan trade network of gold, ivory & salt. These routes are still used today.

ConquestsIn the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks moved westward from central Asia. They defeated the Byzantine army at the Battle of Manzikert (1071) & gradually conquered Asia Minor, which is modern-day Turkey.They captured Constantinople in 1453 & renamed it Istanbul.They also conquered the Balkans, starting with the Battle of Kosovo (1389). This includes the Serbs, Albanians, Greeks, etc.Later empires would spread Islam to the Stans, Indonesia, the Philippines & other areas of Asia & Africa.

CrusadesA series of wars in the 12th & 13th centuries by the Catholic West to re-conquer the Holy Land from the Muslims. They were commissioned by the Pope.There were 8 crusades, but the 3rd one is the most famous with King Richard of England.There were a few small kingdoms established, but they didnt last long.The west never really united with the Byzantine Empire to defeat the Muslims.

TradeMuslim Arab traders & warriors set up trading posts & settlements throughout the Sahara, down the east coast of Africa, into India & even in south-east Asia.After the Mongols converted to Islam, they established a number of Muslim states in Iran, Central Asia & Russia. The Mongol state in Russia was called the Golden Horde. This spread Islamic ideas & culture. There is still religious tension between the Russians & the Muslims that live in Russia.

TradeMuslim traders travelled as far as South Africa, China & Russia.They traded in fine quality goods like silk & paper from China, cotton & ivory from India & Africa, carpets from the Middle East, & spices from all over the world.One of the first universities in the world was in Egypt in AD970.Al-Fazari invented the astrolabe to calculate latitude while navigating.

CitiesEvery Muslim town had at least one mosque with a muezzin, who called people to prayer five times a day.Islam taught that it was wrong to draw human beings in religious art, so Muslim artists used beautiful patterns & writing in mosques and on copies of the Quran.They were usually tolerant of Jews & Christians, but required them to pay a special tax for being non-Muslims.

CultureMany western musical instruments were copied from Muslim instruments, including the lute, the guitar & the violin. Spanish flamenco dancing is supposed to have been influenced by the rhythms of Arabic music.Hijab: veil that covers the face & shoulders of women.Burqa: a cover/veil that furthers covers women in public.Turbins: cloth wound headgear worn by men.Food: pork & alcohol are forbidden. They eat the foods associated with where they live.

The Rise of IslamA brief historyFive Pillars of Islam1. There is no God except , & is his .2. & face Mecca times a day.3. & self control during the month of (based on acalendar, so it can be any time of the year).4. Give % of your money to the poor.5. Make a to Mecca at least if you can.

Sunni differences1.2 billionFound in Muslim countries.Muhammad leave a successor. are spiritual leaders.

SameIslam means to to God peacefully. If you do this, youre called a Muslim. is their Holy Book. The angel gave it to Muhammad. Written in .No in mosques.Allah created & jinn.Man may marry up to women.Christians & Jews are called People of the .Jesus was a prophet, born from a virgin, is coming back, but did noton the cross. He was taken up to heaven. He was the Son of God.s chosen son was ,not . deeds lead you to heaven; bad deeds to hell.Holiest places: , Medina (Saudi Arabia) & Dome of the (Jerusalem).

Shiite differences200 millionMainly in , Iraq, Yemen & Lebanon.Muhammad leave a successor. are spiritual leaders.

JihadMuslims believed in 'jihad' a to spread over all the world." those who do not in Allah, nor in the latter day, nor do they prohibit what Allah & His Messenger have prohibited, nor follow the religion of truth, out of those who have been given the Book, until they pay the in acknowledgment of & they are in a state of . Surah 9:29.When the Qur'an is , to it with attention, & hold your peace: that you may receive . 7:204.At its height, the Muslim world stretched from to .

Muhammad570 AD is born in . He comes from a noble family. AD According to Muslim belief, at the age of 40, Muhammad is visited by the Gabriel while on retreat in a cave near Mecca. The angel to him the first revelations of the & informs him that he is God's prophet.After this, he leads a small && converts the Arabs to Islam aka convert by the .

Arabic peopleIslamic Empire622 AD Muhammad moves to & founds the first Islamic (darkest green).By 732, the Islamic empire stretched from the borders of , & the Middle , along the north coast of , & into .Most of the areas that thecontrolled converted from Christianity to Islam, although there are still Christian in Islamic countries i.e. Christians in .

CaliphateMost of the Muslim world was ruled by a Caliphate. He was the supreme & leader of the area he ruled. A democracy or republic were ideas.There were several , each with their own line of Caliphates & each ruling from a different, i.e. , , etc.The Empires leader was called a .

ConquestsThe conquered Egypt, the Holy Land & North Africa from the Byzantine Empire. language & alphabet replaced the , & Berber languages & . This is why the Greek is only used in today.The Umayyad conquered North Africa, Spain, & the Indus Valley. There is still religious between the & that live in the Indus Valley & India today.732 AD Muslims are at Potiers (near the city of Tours) in France by Charles the Hammer Martel. This kept Europe .Besides Spain, all of these areas today have either a minoritypopulation or are almost totally Muslim. Spain was over a period of several hundred years by the Christian .

Conquests in Africa AD Islam continues to spread through the continent of Africa, including , which served as a center between the northern & central regions of Africa. Sub-Saharan Africa is still a of Muslim, Christian & indigenous . was a center ofin modern day Mali. Islam spread between the Sahara & sub-Saharan Africa.Ghana was a small kingdom southwest of the desert that brought Muslim traders through in a vast Saharan trade of , ivory & . These routes are still today.

ConquestsIn the 11th century, the Seljuk Turks moved westward from Asia. They defeated the army at the Battle of (1071) & gradually Asia Minor, which is modern-day .They captured in & renamed it .They also conquered the , starting with the Battle of (1389). This includes the , Albanians, , etc.Later empires would spread Islam to the , , the & other areas of Asia & Africa.

CrusadesA series of in the 12th & 13th centuries by the Catholic to re-conquer the Holy Land from the Muslims. They were commissioned by the .There were crusades, but the rd one is the most famous with King of .There were a few small kingdoms established, but they didnt long.The west never really with the Empire to defeat the .

TradeMuslim Arab traders & warriors set up trading & throughout the , down the east coast of , into & even in south-east .After the converted to Islam, they established a number of Muslim states in Iran, Asia & . The Mongol state in Russia was called the Golden Horde. This spread Islamic ideas & culture. There is still religion between the Russians & the Muslims that in Russia.

TradeMuslim traders travelled as far as , & Russia.They traded in fine quality goods like silk & paper from , cotton & ivory from & , carpets from the Middle , & spices from all over the .One of the first in the world was in in AD970.Al-Fazari invented the to calculatewhile navigating.

CitiesEvery Muslim town had at least one with a muezzin, who called people to five times a day.Islam taught that it was wrong to human beings in religious , so Muslim artists used beautiful & writing in mosques and on copies of the Quran.They were usually of & , but required them to pay a special for being -Muslims.

CultureManymusical instruments were copied from Muslim instruments, including the , the & the . Spanishdancing is supposed to have been influenced by the rhythms of music.: veil that covers the face & shoulders of women.rqa: a cover/veil that furthers covers women in .: cloth wound headgear worn by .Food: & are forbidden. They eat the foods associated with where they .