World Religions Influence of World Religions in the Contemporary World.
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Slide 1
World Religions
Part 7: Islam
Session 3: The Five Pillars
Dirk’s Contact Info
Phone: 603.431.3646 (Bethany Church’s main number) Email: [email protected] Facebook Page: Pastor Dirk Rodgers
Twitter: @dirk_at_bethany Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/dirkscorner
Dirk’s Web Site: www.dirkscorner.com Bethany Church Web Site: www.bethanychurch.com
Slide 2
A Quote from the Hadith
“Narrated Ibn 'Umar:Allah's Messenger ( ) said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles):1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Messenger ( ).2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly.3. To pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity) .4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca)5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.”
Bukhari 8; Book 2, Hadith 1 (http://sunnah.com/bukhari/2 , accessed 5/19/2016)
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Slide 3
The Five Pillars
1. Shahada: Declaration of Faith
2. Salat: Prayer3. Zakat: Charity4. Sawm: Fasting5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca
(For Sunni Muslims)
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Slide 4
1 SHAHADA: DECLARATION OF FAITH
Part 7.3: The Five Pillars
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Slide 5
The Five Pillars: Shahada
English: “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger.”
Declaration of Faith
The Testimony of Faith inscribed as calligraphy on top of the Babussalam gate of the Topkapi
Palace Museum, Istanbul, Turkey.
Image Source: Ali Esfandiari at the Persian language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12047217
Arabic: “Ash-hadu al laailaaha illallah wa ash-haduanna Muhammad urrasulullah.”
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Slide 6
The Five Pillars: Shahada
Repetition…
Declaration of Faith
Tile panel in the Wazir Khan Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan. The shahada is on the top half of the
panel.
Image Source: Atif Gulzar - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1329967
In Arabic With Intention In front of Witnesses
Single requirement for conversion to Islam
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Slide 7
The Five Pillars: ShahadaTawhid: Absolute Oneness of God
The first phrase of the shahada in kuficcalligraphy (1309), Kashan, Iran.
Image Source: Wolfgang Sauber - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19154346
Oneness of Lordship (Tawhid Ar-Rububiyah)
Oneness of Worship (Tawhid Al-Uluhiyah)
Oneness of Allah's Attributes and Names (Tawhid Adh-Dhat wal-Asma' was-Sifat)
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Slide 8
The Five Pillars: ShahadaShirk: The ‘Unforgivable Sin’
“God does not forgive the worship of others beside Him— though He does forgive whoever He will for lesser sins— for whoever does this has gone far, far astray.”
Quran 4:116
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Slide 9
A Few Quotes from the QuranAbout Jesus
Quran 3:45-46
“The angels said, ‘Mary, God gives you news of a Word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, who will be held in honour in this world and the next, who will be one of those brought near to God. He will speak to people in his infancy and in his adulthood. He will be one of the righteous.’”
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Slide 10
A Few Quotes from the QuranAbout Jesus
Quran 4:171
“People of the Book, do not go to excess in your religion, and do not say anything about God except the truth: the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was nothing more than a messenger of God, His word, directed to Mary, a spirit from Him. So believe in God and His messengers and do not speak of a ‘Trinity’— stop [this], that is better for you— God is only one God, He is far above having a son, everything in the heavens and earth belongs to Him and He is the best one to trust.”
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Slide 11
Quotes from the Quran & Hadith
About Muhammad, the Prophet
Quran 33:40
“Muhammad is not the father of any one of you men; he is God’s Messenger and the seal of the prophets: God knows everything.”
“Ali said to him: ‘Allah's Messenger, you leave me behind along with women and children.’ Thereupon Allah's Messenger ( ) said to him: ‘Aren't you satisfied with being unto me what Aaron was unto Moses but with this exception that there is no prophethood after me.’”
Muslim 2404 d; Book 44, Hadith 50 (http://sunnah.com/muslim/44/50, accessed 5/19/2016)
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Slide 12
A Few Quotes from the Quran
About Prophets
Quran 4:163-164
“We have sent revelation to you [Muhammad] as We did to Noah and the prophets after him, to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon— to David We gave the book [of Psalms]— to other messengers We have already mentioned to you, and also to some We have not. To Moses God spoke directly.”
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Slide 13
2 SALAT: PRAYER
Part 7.3: The Five Pillars
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Slide 14
The Five Pillars: Salat
“So woe to those who pray but are heedless of their prayer; those who are all show and forbid common kindnesses.”
Prayer
Image Source: Antonio Melina/Agência Brasil - Agência Brasil by Antonio Melina/Agência Brasil. 01.Dec.2003 as 11605.jpg, from where it was downloaded, cropped, and resized by Hajor., CC BY 3.0 br, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=171458
Quran 107:4-6
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Slide 15
The Five Pillars: SalatFive Times a Day
Diagram showing position of sun during prayer times
Image Source: LooiNL - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2467698
Salat al-fajr: dawn, before sunrise
Salat al-zuhr: midday, after the sun passes its highest
Salat al-'asr: the late part of the afternoon
Salat al-maghrib: just after sunset
Salat al-'isha: between sunset and midnight
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Slide 16
The Five Pillars: Salat
Bilal – The First Muezzin
Adhan: Call to Prayer
Image Source: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2632980
An Islamic miniature from Siyer-i Nebi (16th century, Turkey), depicting Bilal giving the call to prayer
"Who will watch out for dawn for us, so that we do not sleep and miss the dawn prayer?" Bilal said: 'I will.' He turned to face the direction where the sun woke them up, then they got up...Then Bilal called the Adhan….”
Nasa'i, Vol. 1, Book 6, Hadith 625 (http://www.sunnah.com/urn/1006280 , accessed 5/19/2016)
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Slide 17
The Five Pillars: Salat
“Allah is Most Great. Allah is Most Great.I bear witness that there is none worthy of being worshipped except Allah.I bear witness that there is none worthy of being worshipped except Allah.I bear witness that Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah.I bear witness that Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah.Come to prayer. Come to prayer.Come to Success. Come to Success.Allah is Most Great. Allah is Most Great.There is none worthy of being worshipped except Allah.”
Adhan: Call to Prayer
Minaret, Grand Mosque, Testour, Tunisia
Image Source: El Golli Mohamed - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43775736
Source: https://www.whyislam.org/on-faith/azan-call-to-prayer-2/
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Slide 18
A Change in Direction, 624? “Foolish people will say, ‘What has turned them away from the prayer direction they used to face?’”
“Many a time We have seen you [Prophet] turn your face towards Heaven, so We are turning you towards a prayer direction that pleases you. Turn your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque….”
Quran 2:142
Quran 2:145
“Jews and the people of the scriptures used to be pleased to see the Prophet facing Jerusalem in prayers but when he changed his direction towards the Ka'ba, during the prayers, they disapproved of it.”
Hadith, Sahih Bukhari, 2, No 40, Narrated by Al-Bara bin Azib
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Slide 19
The Five Pillars: Salat
“In the performance of Salat all the prayers have to be said in Arabic besides reciting some verses of the Holy Quran. Therefore, it becomes essential for a new Muslim to start learning those prayers in Arabic as well as some short 'Suras' (chapters) of the Holy Quran immediately after embracing Islam so that he can perform his Salat in the proper manner.”
Praying in Arabic
Women praying in Najaf, Iraq
Image Source: Sonia Sevilla - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35545621
Source: http://www.islamicity.com/Mosque/salat/salat1.asp
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Slide 20
The Five Pillars: SalatBody Positions
Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/
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Slide 21
The Five Pillars: SalatWudhu – Preparation for Prayer
Image Source: Midori - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17243178
Women at IstiqlalMosque, Jakarta
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Slide 22
3 ZAKAT: CHARITY
Part 7.3: The Five Pillars
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Slide 23
The Five Pillars: Zakat
“Alms are meant only for the poor, the needy, those who administer them, those whose hearts need winning over, to free slaves and help those in debt, for God’s cause, and for travellers in need. This is ordained by God; God is all knowing and wise.”
A slot for giving zakat at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II in Fez,
Morocco
Image Source: Mr. Granger - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48391140
Quran 9:60
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Slide 24
The Five Pillars: Zakat
“Translated from Arabic, the word ‘zakat’ means ‘to purify’…The obligation is to give 2.5% of one’s wealth to those in need. Zakat is essentially an act of worship through which Muslims can purify their wealth, cleanse their souls and benefit themselves as well as others – it is a symbol of Islamic social justice.”
Image Source: http://islam.ru/en/content/story/zakat-means-eradicating-poverty
Source: http://islam.ru/en/content/story/zakat-means-eradicating-poverty
What is Zakat?
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Slide 25
The Five Pillars: Zakat
“Every sane, adult Muslim who possesses equal to or more wealth than the Nisab for one lunar year is eligible to pay Zakat. This person is known in Arabic as a ‘Sahib-un-Nisab’ (Translated: ‘Owner of Wealth’ – The word ‘wealth’ in this context refers to the minimum amount of wealth required to be eligible to give Zakat).”
Image Sourcehttp://www.meleklermekani.com/threads/nisap-miktari-ne-demek.204811/
Source: http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/zakat/Zakat_calculator.shtml
Who must pay the Zakat?
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Slide 26
The Five Pillars: Zakat
“The nisab is the minimum value of wealth one must possess in order to pay Zakat. It is defined as the value of 87.5g of pure gold or 625g silver. Most scholars favour the lower value as it means that more people can pay Zakat and therefore there are more beneficiaries.”
Image Source: https://muslimhands.org.uk/zakat
Source: https://muslimhands.org.uk/zakat
What is the Nisab?
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Slide 27
The Five Pillars: Zakat
“The Zakat year of an individual begins on the day that they first become ‘Owner of Wealth’ for that year. Zakat can be paid at anytime of the year; it is dependent on the person’s individual circumstances – (different people will become owners of Nisab at different times of the year). Many people choose to pay Zakat during Ramadan for the increased reward, but this is not part of the obligation; the obligation is to pay Zakat as soon as it becomes due. As paying Zakat is an act of duty, it is not permissible to delay it.”
Source: http://islam.ru/en/content/story/zakat-means-eradicating-poverty
When is the Zakat due?
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Slide 28
The Five Pillars: Zakat
“Individuals pay Zakât (including corporations). Its collection and distribution, however, is a function of (a) an Islamic polity, if one exists, or (b) the Muslim community, if it lives independent of an Islamic polity, which is by far the case with Muslims outside the traditional lands of Islam. Indeed, the reality is that most Muslims independently determine where to place their Zakât.”
Source: The Zakat Handbook: A Practical Guide for Muslims in the West, The Zakat Foundation of America, 2007, http://zakat-publications.s3.amazonaws.com/2275/zakat-book.pdf, 77-78
Who Is Authorized to Accept Zakat?
Image Source: http://life-in-saudiarabia.blogspot.com/2015/01/saudi-arabia-taxation-system.html#.V0IG1r6snIg
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Slide 29
4 SAWM: FASTING
Part 7.3: The Five Pillars
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Slide 30
The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)“It was in the month of Ramadan that the Qur’an was revealed as guidance for mankind, clear messages giving guidance and distinguishing between right and wrong. So any one of you who sees in that month should fast, and anyone who is ill or on a journey should make up for the lost days by fasting on other days later. God wants ease for you, not hardship. He wants you to complete the prescribed period and to glorify Him for having guided you, so that you may be thankful.”
Quran 2:185
Image Source: Ahmed Rabea - Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2382250
A crescent moon can be seen over palm trees at sunset in Manama, Bahrain, marking the beginning of the Muslim month of Ramadan.
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Slide 31
The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)
Image Source: By Azim Azimzade - Azimzade, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9772556
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml
Ramadan and the Western calendar
“Because Islam uses a lunar calendar, the month of Ramadan comes around 11 days earlier each successive year, so there is no Western season associated with Ramadan.”
Azim Azimzade. Ramadan of the poor people. 1938
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Slide 32
The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)
Image Source: vetman - http://www.panoramio.com/photo/75928918?tag=Afghanistan, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26115460
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml
Nature of the Fast
“During the 29/30 days of Ramadan all adult Muslims must give up the following things during the hours of daylight:
Men praying during Ramadan at the Shrine of Hazrat Ali or "Blue Mosque"
in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan
Food or drink of any sort Smoking, including passive
smoking Sexual activity”
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Slide 33
The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)
Image Source: B. Simpson Cairocamels - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2727010
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml
Nature of the Fast
“Muslims do not only abstain from physical things during Ramadan. They are also expected to do their best to avoid evil thoughts and deeds as well.”
Ramadan lanterns in Cairo, Egypt
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Slide 34
The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)
Image Source: By balavenise - http://www.flickr.com/photos/gandara/2864983684/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11157708
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml
Eating during Ramadan“During Ramadan many Muslims will try to eat a large meal called suhur just before dawn. When daylight is over, most Muslims will break or open the fast with dates or water, following the example of the Prophet Muhammad, before having a proper meal later.”
Iftar (evening meal, "breakfast") at Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey
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Slide 35
The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)
Image Source: Steve Evans - originally posted to Flickr as Celebrating Eid in Tajikistan, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4150335
Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml
Eid ul-Fitr
“The month of Ramadan ends with the festival of Eid ul-Fitr. This is marked by dressing up and visiting the mosque for prayer, and with visits to family and friends for celebratory meals.”
A family celebrating Eid (End of Ramadan) in Tajikistan.
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Slide 36
5 HAJJ: PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA
Part 7.3: The Five Pillars
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Slide 37
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Al Jazeera English - Al-Haram mosque, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17512722
Quran 2:196
“Complete the pilgrimages, major and minor, for the sake of God. If you are prevented [from doing so], then [send] whatever offering for sacrifice you can afford, and do not shave your heads until the offering has reached the place of sacrifice.
Pilgrims at the Masjid al-Haram on Hajj in 2008
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Slide 38
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Karim Manji - Own work, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3249281
All Muslim adults
Once in a life-time
Physically able Financially able
Required…
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Slide 39
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Aiman titi - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14871523
5-day period 8 -12 Dhul-
Hijjah, 12th and last month of Islamic calendar
Season changes over time due to lunar calendar
When Does the Hajj Occur Each Year?
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Slide 40
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Aiman titi - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14860516
Miqat Ihram
Preparing for the Hajj
Miqat the people of Medina, Named Abiar_Ali or Zu_'l-Hulafa
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Slide 41
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: User:AsceticRose, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39715975
Retracing the steps of Abraham
Graphic indicating the stages of the Greater Hajj
1. Miqat2. Mecca3. Mina4. Arafat5. Muzdalifah6. Mina7. Mecca
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Slide 42
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Zakaryaamr at the English language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6949467
Tawaf: Circuit around the Kaaba
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Slide 43
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xXOxlja_Tvs/TvwKmGBVJfI/AAAAAAAAAZk/rF0ThTcrP0I/s1600/Safa-Marwah.jpg
Between the Hills of Safa and Marwah
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Slide 44
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Mubeen Rahman - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3366671
Tents at Mina
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Slide 45
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/hajj/
Plain of Arafat, Site of Muhammad’s Last Sermon
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Slide 46
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: Amellie from Brisbane, Australia - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1906978
Rite of Stoning of the devil
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Slide 47
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/hajj//
Eid al-Adha – Rite of Animal Sacrifice
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Slide 48
The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Image Source: http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/25/middleeast/hajj-pilgrimage-stampede/index.html
Stampede Tragedy during the Hajj, 2015
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