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Slide 1 World Religions Part 7: Islam Session 3: The Five Pillars Dirk’s Contact Info Phone: 603.431.3646 (Bethany Church’s main number) Email: [email protected] Facebook Page: Pastor Dirk Rodgers Twitter: @dirk_at_bethany Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/dirkscorner Dirk’s Web Site: www.dirkscorner.com Bethany Church Web Site: www.bethanychurch.com

Transcript of World Religions - Bethany Churchbethanychurch.com/home/.../World-Religions-Handout... · Slide 1...

Slide 1

World Religions

Part 7: Islam

Session 3: The Five Pillars

Dirk’s Contact Info

Phone: 603.431.3646 (Bethany Church’s main number) Email: [email protected] Facebook Page: Pastor Dirk Rodgers

Twitter: @dirk_at_bethany Tumblr: www.tumblr.com/blog/dirkscorner

Dirk’s Web Site: www.dirkscorner.com Bethany Church Web Site: www.bethanychurch.com

Slide 2

A Quote from the Hadith

“Narrated Ibn 'Umar:Allah's Messenger ( ) said: Islam is based on (the following) five (principles):1. To testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and Muhammad is Allah's Messenger ( ).2. To offer the (compulsory congregational) prayers dutifully and perfectly.3. To pay Zakat (i.e. obligatory charity) .4. To perform Hajj. (i.e. Pilgrimage to Mecca)5. To observe fast during the month of Ramadan.”

Bukhari 8; Book 2, Hadith 1 (http://sunnah.com/bukhari/2 , accessed 5/19/2016)

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Slide 3

The Five Pillars

1. Shahada: Declaration of Faith

2. Salat: Prayer3. Zakat: Charity4. Sawm: Fasting5. Hajj: Pilgrimage to Mecca

(For Sunni Muslims)

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Slide 4

1 SHAHADA: DECLARATION OF FAITH

Part 7.3: The Five Pillars

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Slide 5

The Five Pillars: Shahada

English: “There is no God but Allah and Muhammad is His Messenger.”

Declaration of Faith

The Testimony of Faith inscribed as calligraphy on top of the Babussalam gate of the Topkapi

Palace Museum, Istanbul, Turkey.

Image Source: Ali Esfandiari at the Persian language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=12047217

Arabic: “Ash-hadu al laailaaha illallah wa ash-haduanna Muhammad urrasulullah.”

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Slide 6

The Five Pillars: Shahada

Repetition…

Declaration of Faith

Tile panel in the Wazir Khan Mosque, Lahore, Pakistan. The shahada is on the top half of the

panel.

Image Source: Atif Gulzar - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1329967

In Arabic With Intention In front of Witnesses

Single requirement for conversion to Islam

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Slide 7

The Five Pillars: ShahadaTawhid: Absolute Oneness of God

The first phrase of the shahada in kuficcalligraphy (1309), Kashan, Iran.

Image Source: Wolfgang Sauber - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=19154346

Oneness of Lordship (Tawhid Ar-Rububiyah)

Oneness of Worship (Tawhid Al-Uluhiyah)

Oneness of Allah's Attributes and Names (Tawhid Adh-Dhat wal-Asma' was-Sifat)

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Slide 8

The Five Pillars: ShahadaShirk: The ‘Unforgivable Sin’

“God does not forgive the worship of others beside Him— though He does forgive whoever He will for lesser sins— for whoever does this has gone far, far astray.”

Quran 4:116

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Slide 9

A Few Quotes from the QuranAbout Jesus

Quran 3:45-46

“The angels said, ‘Mary, God gives you news of a Word from Him, whose name will be the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, who will be held in honour in this world and the next, who will be one of those brought near to God. He will speak to people in his infancy and in his adulthood. He will be one of the righteous.’”

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Slide 10

A Few Quotes from the QuranAbout Jesus

Quran 4:171

“People of the Book, do not go to excess in your religion, and do not say anything about God except the truth: the Messiah, Jesus, son of Mary, was nothing more than a messenger of God, His word, directed to Mary, a spirit from Him. So believe in God and His messengers and do not speak of a ‘Trinity’— stop [this], that is better for you— God is only one God, He is far above having a son, everything in the heavens and earth belongs to Him and He is the best one to trust.”

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Slide 11

Quotes from the Quran & Hadith

About Muhammad, the Prophet

Quran 33:40

“Muhammad is not the father of any one of you men; he is God’s Messenger and the seal of the prophets: God knows everything.”

“Ali said to him: ‘Allah's Messenger, you leave me behind along with women and children.’ Thereupon Allah's Messenger ( ) said to him: ‘Aren't you satisfied with being unto me what Aaron was unto Moses but with this exception that there is no prophethood after me.’”

Muslim 2404 d; Book 44, Hadith 50 (http://sunnah.com/muslim/44/50, accessed 5/19/2016)

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Slide 12

A Few Quotes from the Quran

About Prophets

Quran 4:163-164

“We have sent revelation to you [Muhammad] as We did to Noah and the prophets after him, to Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, and the Tribes, to Jesus, Job, Jonah, Aaron, and Solomon— to David We gave the book [of Psalms]— to other messengers We have already mentioned to you, and also to some We have not. To Moses God spoke directly.”

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Slide 13

2 SALAT: PRAYER

Part 7.3: The Five Pillars

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Slide 14

The Five Pillars: Salat

“So woe to those who pray but are heedless of their prayer; those who are all show and forbid common kindnesses.”

Prayer

Image Source: Antonio Melina/Agência Brasil - Agência Brasil by Antonio Melina/Agência Brasil. 01.Dec.2003 as 11605.jpg, from where it was downloaded, cropped, and resized by Hajor., CC BY 3.0 br, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=171458

Quran 107:4-6

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Slide 15

The Five Pillars: SalatFive Times a Day

Diagram showing position of sun during prayer times

Image Source: LooiNL - Own work, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2467698

Salat al-fajr: dawn, before sunrise

Salat al-zuhr: midday, after the sun passes its highest

Salat al-'asr: the late part of the afternoon

Salat al-maghrib: just after sunset

Salat al-'isha: between sunset and midnight

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Slide 16

The Five Pillars: Salat

Bilal – The First Muezzin

Adhan: Call to Prayer

Image Source: Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2632980

An Islamic miniature from Siyer-i Nebi (16th century, Turkey), depicting Bilal giving the call to prayer

"Who will watch out for dawn for us, so that we do not sleep and miss the dawn prayer?" Bilal said: 'I will.' He turned to face the direction where the sun woke them up, then they got up...Then Bilal called the Adhan….”

Nasa'i, Vol. 1, Book 6, Hadith 625 (http://www.sunnah.com/urn/1006280 , accessed 5/19/2016)

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Slide 17

The Five Pillars: Salat

“Allah is Most Great. Allah is Most Great.I bear witness that there is none worthy of being worshipped except Allah.I bear witness that there is none worthy of being worshipped except Allah.I bear witness that Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah.I bear witness that Muhammad is the Apostle of Allah.Come to prayer. Come to prayer.Come to Success. Come to Success.Allah is Most Great. Allah is Most Great.There is none worthy of being worshipped except Allah.”

Adhan: Call to Prayer

Minaret, Grand Mosque, Testour, Tunisia

Image Source: El Golli Mohamed - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43775736

Source: https://www.whyislam.org/on-faith/azan-call-to-prayer-2/

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Slide 18

A Change in Direction, 624? “Foolish people will say, ‘What has turned them away from the prayer direction they used to face?’”

“Many a time We have seen you [Prophet] turn your face towards Heaven, so We are turning you towards a prayer direction that pleases you. Turn your face in the direction of the Sacred Mosque….”

Quran 2:142

Quran 2:145

“Jews and the people of the scriptures used to be pleased to see the Prophet facing Jerusalem in prayers but when he changed his direction towards the Ka'ba, during the prayers, they disapproved of it.”

Hadith, Sahih Bukhari, 2, No 40, Narrated by Al-Bara bin Azib

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Slide 19

The Five Pillars: Salat

“In the performance of Salat all the prayers have to be said in Arabic besides reciting some verses of the Holy Quran. Therefore, it becomes essential for a new Muslim to start learning those prayers in Arabic as well as some short 'Suras' (chapters) of the Holy Quran immediately after embracing Islam so that he can perform his Salat in the proper manner.”

Praying in Arabic

Women praying in Najaf, Iraq

Image Source: Sonia Sevilla - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=35545621

Source: http://www.islamicity.com/Mosque/salat/salat1.asp

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Slide 20

The Five Pillars: SalatBody Positions

Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/

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Slide 21

The Five Pillars: SalatWudhu – Preparation for Prayer

Image Source: Midori - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17243178

Women at IstiqlalMosque, Jakarta

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Slide 22

3 ZAKAT: CHARITY

Part 7.3: The Five Pillars

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Slide 23

The Five Pillars: Zakat

“Alms are meant only for the poor, the needy, those who administer them, those whose hearts need winning over, to free slaves and help those in debt, for God’s cause, and for travellers in need. This is ordained by God; God is all knowing and wise.”

A slot for giving zakat at the Zaouia Moulay Idriss II in Fez,

Morocco

Image Source: Mr. Granger - Own work, CC0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=48391140

Quran 9:60

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Slide 24

The Five Pillars: Zakat

“Translated from Arabic, the word ‘zakat’ means ‘to purify’…The obligation is to give 2.5% of one’s wealth to those in need. Zakat is essentially an act of worship through which Muslims can purify their wealth, cleanse their souls and benefit themselves as well as others – it is a symbol of Islamic social justice.”

Image Source: http://islam.ru/en/content/story/zakat-means-eradicating-poverty

Source: http://islam.ru/en/content/story/zakat-means-eradicating-poverty

What is Zakat?

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Slide 25

The Five Pillars: Zakat

“Every sane, adult Muslim who possesses equal to or more wealth than the Nisab for one lunar year is eligible to pay Zakat. This person is known in Arabic as a ‘Sahib-un-Nisab’ (Translated: ‘Owner of Wealth’ – The word ‘wealth’ in this context refers to the minimum amount of wealth required to be eligible to give Zakat).”

Image Sourcehttp://www.meleklermekani.com/threads/nisap-miktari-ne-demek.204811/

Source: http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/zakat/Zakat_calculator.shtml

Who must pay the Zakat?

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Slide 26

The Five Pillars: Zakat

“The nisab is the minimum value of wealth one must possess in order to pay Zakat. It is defined as the value of 87.5g of pure gold or 625g silver. Most scholars favour the lower value as it means that more people can pay Zakat and therefore there are more beneficiaries.”

Image Source: https://muslimhands.org.uk/zakat

Source: https://muslimhands.org.uk/zakat

What is the Nisab?

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Slide 27

The Five Pillars: Zakat

“The Zakat year of an individual begins on the day that they first become ‘Owner of Wealth’ for that year. Zakat can be paid at anytime of the year; it is dependent on the person’s individual circumstances – (different people will become owners of Nisab at different times of the year). Many people choose to pay Zakat during Ramadan for the increased reward, but this is not part of the obligation; the obligation is to pay Zakat as soon as it becomes due. As paying Zakat is an act of duty, it is not permissible to delay it.”

Source: http://islam.ru/en/content/story/zakat-means-eradicating-poverty

When is the Zakat due?

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Slide 28

The Five Pillars: Zakat

“Individuals pay Zakât (including corporations). Its collection and distribution, however, is a function of (a) an Islamic polity, if one exists, or (b) the Muslim community, if it lives independent of an Islamic polity, which is by far the case with Muslims outside the traditional lands of Islam. Indeed, the reality is that most Muslims independently determine where to place their Zakât.”

Source: The Zakat Handbook: A Practical Guide for Muslims in the West, The Zakat Foundation of America, 2007, http://zakat-publications.s3.amazonaws.com/2275/zakat-book.pdf, 77-78

Who Is Authorized to Accept Zakat?

Image Source: http://life-in-saudiarabia.blogspot.com/2015/01/saudi-arabia-taxation-system.html#.V0IG1r6snIg

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Slide 29

4 SAWM: FASTING

Part 7.3: The Five Pillars

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Slide 30

The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)“It was in the month of Ramadan that the Qur’an was revealed as guidance for mankind, clear messages giving guidance and distinguishing between right and wrong. So any one of you who sees in that month should fast, and anyone who is ill or on a journey should make up for the lost days by fasting on other days later. God wants ease for you, not hardship. He wants you to complete the prescribed period and to glorify Him for having guided you, so that you may be thankful.”

Quran 2:185

Image Source: Ahmed Rabea - Flickr, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2382250

A crescent moon can be seen over palm trees at sunset in Manama, Bahrain, marking the beginning of the Muslim month of Ramadan.

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Slide 31

The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)

Image Source: By Azim Azimzade - Azimzade, Public Domain, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9772556

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml

Ramadan and the Western calendar

“Because Islam uses a lunar calendar, the month of Ramadan comes around 11 days earlier each successive year, so there is no Western season associated with Ramadan.”

Azim Azimzade. Ramadan of the poor people. 1938

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Slide 32

The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)

Image Source: vetman - http://www.panoramio.com/photo/75928918?tag=Afghanistan, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=26115460

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml

Nature of the Fast

“During the 29/30 days of Ramadan all adult Muslims must give up the following things during the hours of daylight:

Men praying during Ramadan at the Shrine of Hazrat Ali or "Blue Mosque"

in Mazar-i-Sharif, Afghanistan

Food or drink of any sort Smoking, including passive

smoking Sexual activity”

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Slide 33

The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)

Image Source: B. Simpson Cairocamels - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2727010

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml

Nature of the Fast

“Muslims do not only abstain from physical things during Ramadan. They are also expected to do their best to avoid evil thoughts and deeds as well.”

Ramadan lanterns in Cairo, Egypt

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Slide 34

The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)

Image Source: By balavenise - http://www.flickr.com/photos/gandara/2864983684/, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11157708

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml

Eating during Ramadan“During Ramadan many Muslims will try to eat a large meal called suhur just before dawn. When daylight is over, most Muslims will break or open the fast with dates or water, following the example of the Prophet Muhammad, before having a proper meal later.”

Iftar (evening meal, "breakfast") at Sultan Ahmed Mosque in Istanbul, Turkey

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Slide 35

The Five Pillars: Sawn (Fasting)

Image Source: Steve Evans - originally posted to Flickr as Celebrating Eid in Tajikistan, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=4150335

Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/sawm.shtml

Eid ul-Fitr

“The month of Ramadan ends with the festival of Eid ul-Fitr. This is marked by dressing up and visiting the mosque for prayer, and with visits to family and friends for celebratory meals.”

A family celebrating Eid (End of Ramadan) in Tajikistan.

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Slide 36

5 HAJJ: PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA

Part 7.3: The Five Pillars

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Slide 37

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Al Jazeera English - Al-Haram mosque, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=17512722

Quran 2:196

“Complete the pilgrimages, major and minor, for the sake of God. If you are prevented [from doing so], then [send] whatever offering for sacrifice you can afford, and do not shave your heads until the offering has reached the place of sacrifice.

Pilgrims at the Masjid al-Haram on Hajj in 2008

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Slide 38

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Karim Manji - Own work, GFDL, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3249281

All Muslim adults

Once in a life-time

Physically able Financially able

Required…

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Slide 39

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Aiman titi - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14871523

5-day period 8 -12 Dhul-

Hijjah, 12th and last month of Islamic calendar

Season changes over time due to lunar calendar

When Does the Hajj Occur Each Year?

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Slide 40

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Aiman titi - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=14860516

Miqat Ihram

Preparing for the Hajj

Miqat the people of Medina, Named Abiar_Ali or Zu_'l-Hulafa

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Slide 41

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: User:AsceticRose, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39715975

Retracing the steps of Abraham

Graphic indicating the stages of the Greater Hajj

1. Miqat2. Mecca3. Mina4. Arafat5. Muzdalifah6. Mina7. Mecca

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Slide 42

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Zakaryaamr at the English language Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=6949467

Tawaf: Circuit around the Kaaba

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Slide 43

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xXOxlja_Tvs/TvwKmGBVJfI/AAAAAAAAAZk/rF0ThTcrP0I/s1600/Safa-Marwah.jpg

Between the Hills of Safa and Marwah

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Slide 44

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Mubeen Rahman - Own work, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=3366671

Tents at Mina

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Slide 45

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/hajj/

Plain of Arafat, Site of Muhammad’s Last Sermon

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Slide 46

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: Amellie from Brisbane, Australia - Flickr, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1906978

Rite of Stoning of the devil

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Slide 47

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/hajj//

Eid al-Adha – Rite of Animal Sacrifice

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Slide 48

The Five Pillars: Hajj (Pilgrimage)

Image Source: http://www.cnn.com/2015/09/25/middleeast/hajj-pilgrimage-stampede/index.html

Stampede Tragedy during the Hajj, 2015

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