PROPERTIES OF BITUMINOUS MIXES DESIGNED BY 50 AND 75 BLOW

MARSHALL SERIES

FINAL REPORT 85-12 DECEMBER - 1985

REPORTING ON WORK PLAN 85-B-3

STATE OF VERMONT AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION

MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION

SUSAN C. CRAMPTON, SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION FRANK E. ALDRICH, P.E. , CHIEF ENGINEER

R. F. NICHOLSON, P.E., MATERIALS & RESEARCH ENGINEER

Prepared By:

Earle L. Chaffee, Jr. Technician c

Bituminous Concrete Subdivision

Reviewed By:

~a~ Materials & Research Engineer

. Date: o 2..-10., P'--

11The information contained in t his report was compiled

for the use of the Vermont Agency of Transportation.

Conclusions and recommendat ions contained herein are

based upon the research data obtained and the expertise

of the researchers, and are not necessarily to be construed

as Agency policy. Thi s report does not constitute a

standard, specification, or regulation. The Vermont

Agency of Transportation assumes no liability for its

contents or the use t hereof . 11

i i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction .

Evaluation Procedure . 2

Mix Des ign 3154 . 3

Mix Design 3155 . 4

Test Results . 5

Evaluation of Results . 7

Conc lusions • 8

Appendix A - Marshall Test Property Curves Des ign 3154 . A 1-4

Appendix B - Marshall Test Property Curves Des ign 3155 • B 1-4

Appendix C - Asphalt Cement Test Results C-1

Work Plan . D-1

iii

INTRODUCTION

Since its development in 1948, the Marshall Method of Mix Des ign has

increas ingly been accepted by the highway agencies throughout the

world to design and control paving mixtures. The Vermont Agency of

Transportation began usi ng the Marshall Method exclusively in 1983

in accordance with the Asphalt Institute Manual Series No. 2 (MS-2),

50 Blows as recommended for medium traffic. Vermont has modified the

suggested design criteria of MS-2 by requiring a minimum stability of

~000 lbs as opposed to 750 lbs.

With the increase in traff ic volume, particularly truck traffic,

Vermont has witnessed some problems with mix deformation mainly at

intersections. Many of these problems can be attributed to the previous

use of soft asphalt cements in paving mixtutes and poor construction

procedures . However, in an attempt to improve present paving mixtures

if necessary, Vermont is investigating the possibi lity of using additives

and/or 75 Blow Marshall Series , etc.

The purpose of this investigation is to compare the mix design properties

of 75 Blow Marshall Series with properties of paving mixtures of our cur­

rently used 50 Blow Marshall Series . Particular attention is focused on

stability properties .

- 1 -

EVALUATION PROCEDURE

Aggregates were samp led from two different sources . Mix gradations

were designed to meet Vermont•s spec ification for Type III (~i nch

maximum size aggregate), for each source. See mix designs. (Pg 3 & 4)

Four comp lete Marshall Series were run on each source; two at 50

blows and two at 75 blows according to the Asphalt Institute Manual

Series No . 2 (MS-2) .

The following mix properties were computed and evaluated: Stabi lity,

Flow, % Voids of the Mix, VMA%, Unit Weight of the Mixture and the

Optimum Asphalt Content using 4% air voids as the criteria.

Al l values for each series were plotted and the opt imum values obtained

usi ng the asphalt content that produced 4% air voids.

- 2 -

Town

Gentlemen:

STATE OF VERMONT AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION

MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION - BITUMINOUS CONCRETE SUBDIVISION Design of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures

...... dji9....... ............................................... Project No . . V>Ia/i'.K. .. I."?J. AJM. .. 85.::./J..:-.3 ...

In accordance with the specification requirements for the above project I submit the following job mix formula:

Pavement Type ..... ::a.z:: .. .... ................. Produced By: ~r.r.m .. ?r.v..r.J.noazn..r.aR..r. Plant Location .... tYj/1. ...................... . Stockpile Gradations - % Passing

Sin 90 Uaed 1% 1'>1 1 % 'h " 4 U I A . ( A . .95 / <?0 9J S'r. <;A , Z2 LPO 98 9 7 "13 .:y., er (/ 23 LO_t9 97 .3</ ~?- r'f f -1. e o /;?C) 9f! 31 I

Reaultant /t?t? /00 99 BY 6o Hot Bin Gradation- ro Pa~~sing

Bin s 2

8

" 6 Resultant

Batch Weighta

Job Mix Formula

Job Aim

Specification Limlta

% Uaed

BinS

1% l'h 1

Bin No. 2

1% l'>i 1

I/ / / / / / Aggregates

Coarse; 7/ A i/P n / ~:..t/~/IZ2 S -rn,z. tr 22£~.< L IM.t&:.at. lh:"

% "' " 4

Bin No.3 Bin No.4

% "' % (

/Ot> 9 CJ 8'1 6 0

~ % 0 %' % pY %:: % * Source of Materials

AC-5:

Fine: ii:cnu:.S.~ ) Ll.. t.ta.cu tLO. , ~ • .~n, lA- AC-10:

8 16 30 60 200 7.1/ S'Z. Z'l /8 c?' Y 8 6 77 SB Z9 2.-t; .5"

~b 3.5 Z3 /2 / ."/'

8 16 30 60 200

Bin No. li AC ToUII

8 • 16 30 60 200 AC

9'6 3.:;· Z3 I Z .;.y

% 5< ~ ..39 X 7 %' ~ / % % 1% 5{; /1( %

Asphalt

, fc,famrm~Brreur P~ a/:rrU~os-.- lh-: Other: SS -/1?0 fl:/1/Er/ld rn>u ?.rrao - t:,.q,y"'~~

Mixing Times- Dry: .......................... Wet: ......................... Total: ... .... ....................... Temperature: Z:.rt tP..I:.Z.o ... . Submitted by: ~.J ... ~;)h ...................... .............. ..... (signature) Date: ..... ~.?.:-::.Q .. 'I.. .-::1!/.S. ......... .. Company . ,/r.;.t:r.A--:: .. ~.e. .. kfrir~r.::.. .. .. .... ...... .. . ..... .. . .. ... ... ... .. . . .. Title . & :.f.f/.mt:a.ct.V'J. ... ~t:!;!CC~.fa.. ... ~c:l/. •. C ..... ..

FOR STATE OF VERMONT USE ONLY

Approved ............. .. . Rejected ............... . Comments: ....................................................................................... .................. ........ ............ .............. . ................................................................................ ................................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................. .............. ... ..... ............... ............................................................ Signature Title ..................................................................... .

1!1\ 556 Date .................. ......................... .

- 3 -

STATE OF VERMONT AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION No 3 I~ 5·

MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION - BITUMINOUS- CONCRETE SUBDIVISION

Town

Gentlemen :

Design of Bituminous Concrete Mixtures ..... /oljJ!l....... ..... ... ........ ......... ... .................... Project No. Wmll.: . ./?J . .1'1.d ...... · . .'8.!1.~ .8.::.3 .. .

In accordance with the specification requirements for the above project I submit the following job mix formula:·

Pavement Type ....... .'L .'IP.£ . .z:a:::: ....... Produced By: l~if.d7o.~r.:.)n.tbf'rJ.:r.P.£Y."Piant Location ..... dj.& ....... ............ . Stockpile Gradations - % Passing

Size '7• U aed l % 1'li l % "" "' 4

_liMSi'L ~/'} /L)O 99 . S'·r (I" ~<; /oo

~Y'~ tr 5f Zo /IX> '99 '?I

1/zc;. <f Z.t; Jon 9 1./ '?J./ I

Reaultant / 00 Joe> 9B !PI 6Z Hot Bin Gradation- % Passing

Bin % Uaed 1% 1% 1 % % "' 4

s 2 3 ~

6

Resultant

Batch Weights

BinS Bin No. 2 Bin No.3 Bin No.4

1% 1% 1 % '111 "' 4

Job Mix Formula /00 98 8¥ &2

Job / / / ~ %' % % . Aim 0 6 Specification / / / ~ Limits % ~ % "1- % 75

Source of Materials

Aggregates Coarse: _,:: l.d hhrr-rc ru.• R - J, L /\. <; Jr':r AC-5 :

_ U'A't' i-' ,,. rz. , [ro.u;;:' 2 Fine: ti:£.11h!SS.WI.ti. t.tL"lf.ltE.a. U/U0.-/1.-rM .... GlJ • -v. lA- AC-10:

It-

8 16 ao ;;>k, 69 q9

7~ .;·.r; .3'7 -~-

t/7 35 25

8 16 80

Bin No. 6

8 16 30

L/7 "35' Z5

% I % 3 % % 0 % I% 5

Asphalt

~ 200

31 ., 2 6 R

16 z.CJ

60 200

AC Total

50 200 AC

/b 2,9

% C> % 3/1 / % ~ 5'£ /tJ.O

-S:rt2&- ~"~ . -~- · ·- r1.·/. /.d-. ?;,/r . . , .---,. Other:B5-;w i1 ... 18 ..... JO~·u, 1 ,&,.1(',:, ·-CJ.;>'l/A p~

Mixing Times - Dry: ......... /?lJ'}/ ... .. Wet: ........................... Total: ....................... ....... Temperature: .?.<fq/ .. ?:.'?. ..... .. . Submitted by: .~L ... +L-.Jl,. ........................................ (signature) ~Date: .. a.Z.::.O.i'..::-.f?..£. .. ........ .. Company .. ,.,..u,6 .... (-..~~ ................................... ... Title Zivm~/.z0:. ... ~ok.r..c.!e ... R.~!J. .... ~C. .~ .... ............ ..

FOR STATE OF VERMONT USE ONLY

Approved .............. .. Rejected ............... . Comments: ...................................... ....... .................... ......................... .............................................. ..... . ...................................... ......... ................................................ ..................................................................... ....... .................................................................. .......... ................................................... ............................. .......... ................................................... .......................................... ................................................ ............ Signature ....... ..... .................... .............................. Title ....... ........ ............................................ .......... .

TA 556 Date ... .............................. ......... ..

- 4 -

TEST RESULTS

The individual optimum propert ies on the testing of the Type II I

mix from design #3154 are as fol lows: (a lso see curves)

50 Blow Series 75 Blow Series

Property #1 . #2 #1 #2

Stability (lbs) 1170 1150 1180 1270

Unit Wt ., Lbs/Ft .3 147.4 147. 5 147.2 148.0

% Voids Total Mix 4.0 4. 0 4.0 4.0

Flow 8 10 10 11

VMA % 16.8 16.7 16. 7 16 .6

Optimum Asphalt % 6.0 6. 0 5.9 6.0

The individual optimum properties on t he testing of the Type III

mix from design #3155 are as follows: (also see curves)

50 Blow Series 75 Blow Series

Prpperty #1 #2 #1 #2

Stability (lbs) 1750 1820 1760 1850

Unit Wt., Lbs/Ft. 3 147.2 147.0 147 .2 147 .0

% Voids Total Mix 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0

Flow 10 11 11 10

VMA % 16.0 15. 9 15 .5 15.5

Optimum Asphalt % 6.0 5. 9 5.7 5. 7

- 5 -

The average optimum properties on the testing of the Type III mix

from design #3154 are as follows :

50 Blow Series 75 Blow Series

Property Avg of #1 & #2 Avg of #1 & #2

Stabi li ty (lbs) 1160 1225

Unit Wt ., Lbs/Ft . 3 147 .5 147.6

% Voids Total Mix 4.0 4. 0

Flow 9.0 10.5

VMA % 16.75 16.65

Optimum Asphalt % 6.00 5. 95

The average opt imum propert ies on the testing of the Type III mix

from design number 3155 are as fo l lows :

50 Blow Series 75 Blow Series

Property Avg of #1 & #2 Avg of #1 & #2

Stability (lbs) 1785 1805

Unit Wt . , Lbs/Ft .3 147. 1 147. 1

% Voids Total Mix ~ . 0 4.0

Flow 10.5 10. 5

VMA % 15.95 15.55

Optimum Asphalt % 5.95 5. 70

- 6 -

Difference

+65

+0. 1

Same

+1.5

-0. 10

-. 05

Difference

+20

Same

Same

Same

-0.40

-0 .25

EVALUATION OF RESULTS

The test results obtained from both aggregate sources indicated

that when a mix is designed using 4% air voids as the criteria for

optimum asphalt content, there i s little change in mix properties

between 50 blow and 75 blow Marshall Series .

One change to note is the optimum asphal t content . Mixes designed

at 75 blows require less asphalt than an identica l mix designed

at 50 blows . The explanation for this is that the increased

compaction exerted from 75 blows decreases the air void content,

thus resu lting in less asphalt to obtain 4% air voids . In

nearly all mix designs, the asphalt content at 4% ai r voids does

not give the maximum stabi lity. The maximum stabil i ty is normally

reached at an asphalt content that produces 2% air voids or

less . Therefore, the reduction of asphalt required in a 75 blow

Marshall Series nega tes any stabi I ity increase obtained from a

75 blow Marsha ll.

-7-

CONCLUSIONS

The results of this investigation indicate that 75 blow Marshall series

with 4% air voids do not significantly increase stability over 50 blow

Marshal l series at 4% air voids .

A 75 blow Marshal l series decreases the optimum asphalt content . By

decreasing the asphalt content some mix durability could be lost .

- 8 -

\'UWu/IT AGUiCY OF TPJ,r;SJ·ORiJ.. l iOII ~ATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVI SION

BITUHIIIOUS CotiCRETE SUB - DIVISION MARSHALL TEST PROPERTY CURV ES

Page __ of__

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VALUES· AT OPTII'oU/1 ASPHALT ·-

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VEfWOHT /.GUiCY OF lP.AI;Sf'ORff..I JOrl ~ATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVI SION

BITUMI UOUS CONCRETE SUB - DIVI SI ON

Page ___ _ o f_ ___ _

MARSHAL L TEST PROPERTY CURVES

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A-2

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\'ER fJOfiT AG£11CY OF 1 P.AI;Sf'OR !AT I 011 P.ATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVI SION

BITUMIIIOUS CONCRETE SUB-DIVI SIO MARSHALL TEST PROPERT Y CURVI

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A-3

Vlf::'u!i f /,GUIO fJF ifJJ.,I;S POP. I f·. 1 i L'll I1.ATERIALS t. RESEARCH DIVI SION

BITUI411lOUS COIICRETE SUB-DIVI SION MARSHA lL TEST PROPERTY CUR.V ES

Pe ge ___ of. .. _

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A-4

'

VERI·lOIIT AGEIICY OF TRAI:S PORTATI Otl MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION

BITUMI I/O US CONCRETE SUB-DIVIS ION

Pa ge of --. --

MARSHA LL T EST PROPE RT Y CURVES

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B-1

PROPERTY

VERI·~OIIT AGEIICY OF TRMS PORTA TI Oil MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION

BITUMitiOUS CONCRETE SUB-DIVIS I ON MARSHALL TEST PROPERTY CURVES

X .... ::E:

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PERCENT ASPHALT

VALUES AT OPTIMUM ASPHALT

STABILITY UN IT WT. LBS. FT3 % VOIOS TOTAL 11D FLOH VI" A ~ VOIDS

I B 2.. o I J.f7.o '/._0 ! 0.5 /5'.9 76 FLO

llli-uAL---T! STED. BY: _ . .:f.'c?_:rce. P4!t------··---~·~ TE~TEQ :_g3 '.?:1:. - y5 A/C DE~..!.0.t!.d~ .'L---

r

B-2

VERI·IOIIT AGEIICY OF' TRAIISPORTATI0/1 MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION

BITUMIIIOUS CONCRETE SUB-DIVISION MARSHALL TEST PROPERTY CUI\VES

Page __ of _ _

Project Name & No. 8£ _ B - 3 Year~ Prepared By:..EJ:Haq:Eir Pl ant l ocation V'P"Jfrztaru-c 4w7'l?AI 1- fllR Date Prepared: c:>¥-o</-95

Item £06 Type Mix .:zz:r Desi gn ~lo. 3 / S S ifll<w1 .5rtPvP*'o./?Zc~ -"/ ,Ft<.J W K.rn:-l"7tt

;6 X

' I o .... ::E: +

lfl I~ ;r: u :z .... 0 IZ 0 I I .... ...... .... :X / O 0 _, u...

-+-

·+-1-+++-1-H HH-+++-H ··•

H-4-+-1-+-!i- - * -fH H -•-t-t-+++H

-1 ,6 ~ !t-0 ' I'\ t- 0 Cl) 1 0 .... 0 fo\ >

I -t-:z 2 w u a: w 0...

s .o .s.:;- 6.v 6- ~ ;1.c

PERCENT ASPHALT .s: t> s:s 6-o e..s- :ro

PERCENT ASPHALT

VALUES· AT OPTII~UH ASPHALT

PROPERTY STABILITY UNIT WT. LBS. FT3 % VOl OS TOTAL 11D FLOH V11A 1% YO I OS FL£\

~IAL . 11bO / ~1.2. 4 - 0 J/ . 2. 15'.5 7 C:J ·-

TIE~9- B_Y_J_.fi'~.:..F .i)d - !!~Ltt..€.££E' ---~~!f..!~S!_E_~: __ ..i!:Z..:L!.L ____ A/C DESI GN 5. 1

B-3

VERI·lOfiT AGEIICY OF TRAIISPORTATIOil MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVISION

BI TUMIIIOUS CONCRETE SUB-DIVISION MARSHALL TEST PROPERTY CURVES

Page __ of __

Project Nam: & No . 8£ _ B- 3 Year/.PBS' Prepared By: £.{hw.ppcL"" Pl ant locat1on VEJ'?.I'hu/vr t:'GrvrRAL LtzA Da t e Prepared:o:S~-o9 - 8:£ Item -'/<?6 Type M1x Z7T Des ign tlo.3;n: 7.5B./.<Nu.~;wRP~Y ... ZF.tv. tvrr..rr.:oP?,d

28~·~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

t.uttt:ttJti= - tt ,z..,..., -- --1

~,~-~£EPPS§33~ff.£pt~i€€_f._tl+~f.t~Er- ar~~ _.1 ..... co

~~6~'tEEEE88!=t1l~-±1-±EtfEEEBSB~li38

('I) I-lL.. l'llf

Vl co ...J

.N7 1-;:3:

1-

z 17'6 :::>

I "'S

s:o .s: > 6- () -6. > PERCENT ASPHALT

I I

-+ + t+ +-mlt-l! 4fr ~ l=l= ' lf l-El-r . I

-. -- . , - . I T

- 1-i- --1- f- I L - • > . .

· ± J,~~- >

L .... 1- . + . - I . .

+ . ~- It -

~ : Ill L

- - - - .. >-

I -,. .. -+- !-.. 1-tf-

.. I

1- . . -J-

I· . H-·. t· -H- + + > 6 -o 6 . ;T.Q s.o PERCENT ASPHALT

S.t? S.---:3 6 -0 6 .S 7-0 PERCENT ASPHALT

1-l -

6oBlf8~~lElEef8fE£Be~E .S.e> .s:> 6 .o 6 . :> 7. <> PERCENT ASPHALT

- I R-~ - H-!- 1-H-+44+' .. 1

z~ ···-~ .....w 17 Vll-

e~ ow .. ·+

> ffi 16 '1=mt:t:i:tt:ttttttttrnm±t::tt±tm ~--~ 1- ~

~~ ~l•••m'l-~-~-·--ffi~'sf-!i! o.. ~ •-+-+-+-H -II--1- trnm::t=t:u:u:m. t

;: :.t.:t::t:t:t:tt!t t,:j:-1-1-1-+ -+t-6 0 (>.S 7,0

PERCENT ASPHALT s.o

VALUE9 AT OPTIMUM ASPHALT

PROPERTY STABILITY UNIT WT •· LBS. FT3 % VOIDS TOTAL rm FLOH Vl·lA 1% YOIDS

,A.Cll'AL I ~50 I ~'1 . C> 4.0 JD. '-1 [6.5 7b

TES .~~Q > BY.!_ . _,f>.a-tC8. &~ _ _ OAT~ TESTED:. QL/- o S: -~5- ALC DESIGN 5.7

B-4

FUl

·1.. 18i' Re·:: HI' 10/80 STATE OF VERNONT HI 6/82 AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION 1M 9/82 V4 6/83 MATERIALS AND RESEARCH DIVISION 11~ 9/84 Montpelier, Vermont 05602

REPORT ON SANPLE OF ASPHALT CEMENT

Verd CF

Report _ _ _ 3/28 ' 19 85 ----Labora tory No. __ 88.:..5;:.._;0...o0...;.1.::..0 __ Teste d By ___ __ S..:..t e.::..v...:e..:.n..:.s ____ _

Name --------~85~/~1~0-'0~As~p~h~a~l~t_C~e~m~e~n~t~f~o~r ______________________ _

Identifica tion Marks Inves t igative Certifica tion No. ------ --------

Submitted by _..:.:R..::.;oy:!..c::.e::.._ _ _ Title __ .=..Cl:::P __ Address - ----------------

Sampled 3/27 , 19 85 Received 3/27 , 19 ~ Testing Completed 3/28

Sample from _________ O~n..:.:e~g~a~l~l o:::n~c~a..:.:n~~in~l~a~b __________________ _

Quantity Represented-------- ------ Lbs . Net @ 60° F = ------- Gals .

Source of Mate ria 1 ______ .:....P=-et.:..r...:o:.......-....;.;.Wh~i t:.:c:..:o:;.:;m.=..b_W:;..I:...:l:....:l...:i.::.S..:.to~n~------------

Location used or to be used -------------

85/100 Penetrati on ExaU11ned for --------,.;--702. 0 I ---------------------

Absolute Viscosity @ 1400F and 300 run Hg Vacuum, poises

Ki n ematic Viscosity @ 275°F, centis~okes

Pen.Hration @ 77°F. 100 gm. 5 sec.

Flas h Point (Cleveland Open Cup), OF .

Solubility in trichloroethylene, X

Tests on Residue

TEST RESULTS

_ 160_1_ ,

377

65

Loss on Heating, % . 12

Penetration of Residue, XX~lX~~~~ 51-Abso lute Viscosity @ 1400F. poises 5912 Kinematic Viscosity@ 275°F Centistokes 634

Comments:

SPECIFICATION REQUIRE14ENTS Ml·N. MAX.

Th is ls .for . in formatfon purposes only. Fronk E. Aldrich, P.E., Chief Engineer

~r.:__7!/~~I~£~~;_tflt!J R. F. Nicho!sou, P.E., ltlalcriols & Research £nginm

C-1

TA 565 Rev. 4/79

STATE OF VER~IONT

Prep.:~ r ed By : £. l. Li1<d (ee , .Jr . . • L< Date : 01-31-85 Sheet 1 of 1

AGENCY OF TRANSPORTATION MATERIALS & RESEARCH DIVI SION

RESEARCH I NVESTI GAT I ON

Wo rk Plan No . ·'! 85-B-3

Subject Properties of Bituminous Mixes Designe d by 50 and 75 Blm., Marshall Series. __ _

Investigat ion Requested By Bituminous Concrete Subdivision Date January 31 , )985

Date Info r mation Requi red.___cA:.:..·:.::S:..:.·.:..:A..:..!. P:....:·:------------ - ------- -

Purpose of Investigation To determine the effects that 50 and 75 blow Marsha ll

Series have on simi lar bi tuminous mixtures under l aboratory conditions.

Proposed Tes t s or Eval ua tion Procedure Conduct 50 and 75 blow Marsh~l l Seri es,

_ __ _:a:.::c~co:.:r..::d~in~ to The Asphalt Institute ' s Hanual Series No. 2 (MS-~ .. L.-.----­

bituminous mixes from two different aggreQa te sol!r ces , {Haven _(j'_yshed~----

Stone and F. W. ~/hftcomb, Hinoos l<i) . Ana lyze and eval uate the foll md n_g_ _ __ _

mix properties:

Stability, Fl ow, %Voids of the Mi x , VMA %, Unit \~eight

of th·e Mixture, and the optimum asphalt content

Proposa l Discussed With -~C.._, ..::J~e..~..rl:!..d _ __ .Projected f·lanpower Requirements 70 man days

Inves tiga tion To Be Conducted By E. Chaffee , W. Royce , D. Oay . .

Pro osed Starting Date February 5, 1985 Estimated Compl etion Da t e May l , 1985

Enginee:r ~<J-.1~·..gee o2. -o.r-1-r Conunents by Materials & Research Engineer ________________ __ _

Hateria l s & Researc h Qivi s ion Agency of Tra nsportation Date Typed : February 5, 1985

D- 1