A A A - Federation of American Scientists › sgp › › othergov › doe › lanl › lib-www ›...
Transcript of A A A - Federation of American Scientists › sgp › › othergov › doe › lanl › lib-www ›...
A A A Q-Y E@v=. , . . ,, ~ ‘.”
., .,
,, .. : . . .! ., ,. .
,..,
, . .
,.. ..
Thisworkwassupportedbythe USNavyStrategicSystemsProjeetOflice.
\ ..,,. .,
- .,.: ,,,>
,. . . .... .,
.
.
.
, . , . ,, . . . . ,,, , . .
. ... ,,. .: .
Preparedby MaeloChapin,Group M-4
. . ,.
‘:& ,.” .. ..-, ... ,,,., ,,.
.,.
, r ,. . .,, , , , . . -
. . . . . .. .., ,,.
, ... ,,,
. ..,—.
!. J .’, , . ,. ,,.. ,, , ...... ., .. ..>
,.
.,. ..
. ,.~.,. .. . . . . . , . . ,. ,,. . >, , ~~,. , -,~ &&~ ~ & * ~f~rk = -g ~ : ~ ~ t i t- ..,. . . . ,. .
. N e { @t hU n i t e$ t( k r v e r n mn os n y s g et h e r en oa no t he m p lm aa... .. .. ,.” , . -. , <., ...,, . < .\
. “ ”
“ t y ~ 6 x @o rf m p f i eo s s s u ma nl e gI i a b d0 r e s p o n dr t a c c uc o m p l. - ) , : : . -. . “ ’A,?. , ‘!L*, : .’:.>7 <- ..,:,.
: , , ’ & h @ s@ ~f n f o n n s t i o n ~ ~ p p s np r o d uo p r t& c l oo r e p k st fi w w o.. ,.-- - ..- ..:. ,.., . ,.. .‘- .’ .,. ,. * ;; : :.:.,;.: ‘ “r @ $ l @ i r qp y t e i y o ~ e d - t iR e f ~ r~ rt o js * %@Wer~P~dU~,p~tm,.,.-.:,,. ,, I ““~kqfwbyt r a dn a m et m r k r r m rr i @ f @ u ro t b e r w i s e ,n e g s m i l y ai mie n d o r s e m e n tr e c o m m e n d a t io f m w r i rb t hU n i tS t aG o v e ro m a g et h eTv t ? t i ” t i ro p i n i o no a u t h oe x p r e s sh e r ed n on e c e s ss t ao r e ft ho t U nS t a tC o v e s ne no s nq p n ct h e r e o
..
A Nlodellfor ComputingLate DetonationsInitiated in Propellantsby Impact
(XDT Reactions)
R oR K a
,–!
.-
-—— ..-—. -- .— .- .. .
: +,! -. “.●C u r r e na f f i l i a t i oA e r o jO r d n a nC o2 5F f l i c hD r iT u sC 9 2
.—. .. . ,Z ..-. . . .
.
LosAlamos.. .
LosAlamos NationalLaboratoryLosAlamos,NewMexico87545
A M OF C O ML D E TI NI P R OB I M( R E
b
R oR K
A B
A c o m pm t p rs ioi m p a c tl d e ti r m p rh b c o na i n ci h ycp uc oF h i gi mb c yp r o pp r oa s p lt m cp r et s h o c k -t rF li m pt m oc o rp rt a o dt iA i n t es pw l d eow ir e ap r ot m p rt ed e v eo d e tT m i b u t hp o tt l d e to w t p rft f rp oo t p r ot i d dt e as to i mi i mu b t r pt io t p r ow i s m t tt aw s i gs pT r e co da gs e np r oa pt b t p ia tm e co t X r eT c ois u b s tb a g rb et d a c ab au t h y p
I I N T R
T hr es u mw a c cu t r ep
R 3s p ob t N S t rS yP rO f f y
1 91 9a 1 9T w w i s uo a c ow i
g a tb H e r c u l( JV eo t d eh o t
T r i d( Cr om o
T p u ro t p rw t c o mm “ d e
t ho ci p r oi mt o s r m p ra t
i d et s i g nm e ct c t d eI n
1
a H e rInc. , d i st c y lp ro p f
a s tt ap lc e v ed ea i v ew b
t hr e qf t u ss h o c kt rT n l
d e t op h ei n w ik a X a i i mi t a
m eo p r oh a z
I o rt r et p a ri ni t s w h c
t ro a t to o p a rp rd ea V S
f i n i t e -h y d rc w u i t s h t
m a jo t c a l cw p ew t H a t S c
T n s eo t r ei nt e xw t h
b ec o nt u n dt n ao l d ei p
i m pT e q uo s tu t r et r a u
p r o pi t c c a li p ri S III. T n s
t is hc o ms i mo i i mT s i importantb e ci d e lt d yo i ma r t d eo t
r e c o mp h e nw hi t ht b t s im t
t r il d e t oS eV d et b v o t r
t ir af o( D Aw i u i t c om A d
s t rt D Aa d ep rt s h o ct i
V p r o pi g ii S eVI. T n s d et m
t im at D Aa t t c o ms i o t s t
X p h e nT e xo t s io X o f t s s
g p r o ja o f t l a1 5 21 0p ra
g ii S eVIII. T hs i ma i g a gw r
g r ao b s eo X A t c ar eb
t h rv e la p r od ii s t b i g a w
t e x p e ro b sr e lT r eo t w a s
r ii S eI T m r ei t a c o mm h b
c o n st r e pt e x p eo bf o t X
r e a
II.
b o
E X P EO B S E
T e x pc o nd ut m os c o a s
g f ia c y lp r oo p ra a s t
p lT ht ew c o nb J V ea t H Inc., p
i M aU tw 1 a 2 5 -g a a H eA B
2
L a b oR oC eW V i rw a 7 0g S df ei mt ew p e ra t L aL iN L
w ia 1 5 5 -g
A s c ho t 1 8g t ( s ht i s i F 1
t af rR e3 T p rd i au w t t i f
r a d io t p r od ui mF t r at o
r eo a d e t oa w a t a p pt o d ec b
d e t eT d is h o c k -t r( c e b
i d e nb i p r o mA e xo r as S i g i
F i2 t af R 4 A i mv e lt a m l t t
t h r ev e lf S a l o wr em o t i n a d
t iT hr e ai i l li F 3 H oa i v
t ha i n t et o o v ew t a t c a s t
o i m p a c td e tm o cT s t rt d
o ca fc o n sd e fa b rh t p i t
p r o pp r o jB eo i u no rt l d eh
b et eX DT r e ai i l li t r ao F 4
T p u ro t w i t m ot X p r
P r eg am oa f f f t i p h b u i
s ot et m et b lp rr ef t r eT
g r eb lp r ei g e nb t X r eS l
p r e sa d e vb t S r ea t l p rr
f rt l o wr e a
I s ot eM a np rg aw i mi t s t
p lj uu nt p oo i mT r eg a i no t
p r eh i sn t p oo i m
T r e so m p r oi mt a s ui T I
a d a
t S
p r o
III. EQI
f rR 5 T m ii mv er et i e
o t X r e aa l ia w t t t d ea
i o d e tf t X r e
A TO S TO P R O
T p r o pm a tw t ra a i nc of w
n r e s it s hd e f oA lt p rd h s
s t r ec a l co i mb u t f m a i e
a g r ew ir a d id a
T e q uo s tu t d et p ri t H e
o s td e si R 7 I t t rs ee a u t
d e se p ho t m a tt u ns a t c
r e ag aT p r ei t u ns p ri d f
a M i e - Gf ow a c oG rc or t t
p r iH u gF t c o mr eg ap a M i
f ow ia v a rG r ic o er et t C i i
u sT H u gf t u n rp ri d ee x
b t C i s ef t c o mr ep ri d f
t h e r mc a l cT e mi a o bf t H e
o s tb u st a s so c os ph f b p
I t c o m po a r et r ev aA m f o
r e am a ti u t m et e o r eIn t c
t is c ha c a l cz w t v A = 0 i t 2 o
t m a th b c o mr ea 7 i u nF z c
t a ib or ea u n rm at s i u d b
a s sp r ea t e me q ub et t p M o
t
e q
m i
w h
c a l cp e ri t w u t a p a t
l i br uH o ws o t c a lw b u a s
n r ut “ b lt p rP a t eT t b
p = (1 - A)pS + ~ pG ,
T = (1 - A)Ts + ~ TG ,
e t s u bS s tf s a G s f r g T
r e so b tw e im ir a q u as a t
p rc a l ic op rp rr eq ua
T s p ee q ua v af t c o eu i t H e
o s ta g ii A pA
Iv. S I M UO I NI M
In t hw ot f ih ys i mo i w p w
t p r o pm a tt ra i nT c aw b o t
H e q uo s tw t r ev aA h e t z t
f oo nt u n rs op oo t e qo s w u
F i5 s hp r ec oa s et t f a H c c
1a to a 7 0i m“ a s hp r( m d b 1 m l
a g aa r it aT i mv ei w t r o i
4
f t X r e aa p ra i ns p ro 4 k T
p r o pi m oa a i n vc o mf w n c
s t r( m ip r eo z eo s s t
A 2 u a fi m( ul f o F 5 t s h d
t 3 k bd t t i n tw t c y lr aw t
i n i tf rt l af s uo t p rc yAt 5 VS
a fi m pt s hw j r et e o t p ra t
s hs t rh d e ct a 1 k T l r aw h
r e f lf rt a o s ya c aa r o l d T
e f fo t hc y l ir a rw a s ib o t c
v e rg e oA la s e cr eo h p rh s t f
n et i mf a a r ao 1 c T r c oo p
m a tt hh b r ab t l ar aw a t r
p r eb m a ta bi w hi s m t t i p
T r e mf ro F 5 s t d e vo t r eo
r e c o mr eT r ee v ec t e l h o
t p r o ja t m ap rd ei t r i i e
o 6 k b
F i6 s ha t h r e ep o t p rd io
t i m pc y lA i t p rf it d eo t
r e c o mr ei c ls hIt i i mt n t t r
p a cr ef oa a v e at ( t 5 u f t s t
a p e rt h rm o t m o( gt 1 M f t s
t eF i7 s hp rh ia v ap o t a o s
m ef t hc a l co a s hp ri mT r e
p ui n ia a b1 u a fi mi c le v
G re a h i n dt t r a r e fp
p r oi n it X r e aT s ti p lb t
r a rm a ti i a h id as a t hm b v
s e n st r ap r el oI t w w a t t r
t ip r ep ui t s tf t X r e
v. R E AR
I t hw o
t r a nd i r
E Q U
t r ei m ob a lt r et
t f ip r oT s o t r ei t
c o m ps p eb t m f ro t p rX T r i
5
d e sb a r e ar e qt s pt e vo A I
t hs tt r e ar e qh b u t m p
r e ad ui mF OF Ia D Ah ow h m m
u o t D Ae q ua t h ei f oi i h
A f oo t D A( da ng em oA r
d e c o mr m oh b i n ci o h yD i
c u rf o ra
;/(1 - A) = Z oe -,
w ht i n dt f aG i
G (= e - c,
w i
I(t) =f (P(T) - C2)2 dT.o
(
I t he x p rP
m a tp a rT a
p r ea Z n C
m a tT v ao
d B I a d dt
s ue x ca t h r
i t p ro t f s t p t
p a t i n sa bt ea
C a T a c of a p ar
t c ou t d eV a g i A
r er ~ i m aa z u t p
v ap T e qa t b a a a
p a rp at i ~ i a m at d ea t i I, is
s ua la p a rp aT i t D m t a t p
r ev a r iA P a 1 T e v oe qf t v
a
i = (I - A)Zop~G e-T*/T = RI ,
i S =,
~ = (p - C2)2= R3 .
(
(
(
T he q uc b s u ma
6
;i = Ri (i = 1,2,3) , (
where Al = A, A2 = P~, and A3 = I.
W ia E u lc ot A m e va ct b a l r o
c ha a r o c hd t t r aW a L ac t
c hd t t r ai o c oz E q( c b p i E
f ob c o me e qi n dw t c oe T
r eo t hc o m bi
~ (+ a(PVr~i) PvrAi + a(PVz~i)
a a +r a = PRi , (
w hP i t m d e nV a V a t v ec oa r a z
a c y l ic o o rF p f t t t i E ( i n
p r ea r a z a r eb x a y E q( i n i t s
f oa t c o n se q ut a n us b E
c oT h e rt e qc b d ii e t s m
T b c o n sw t H a l gt c o nt t t d
t io t s ot ( to t r s i E ( i f c
T ha v a ra u pN t c o nt t t d
i c o mf t t r at i E ( a a v aa a
u p dT hc a l cp r oh b p ri t H c
In p r oS AE ( i r e pb f o f d ie
t it ha a d va t e o t L ap a n p h
b em af c o no t A T h ei t s S h b
u si i L a gf o n
T D Am oi q us et t s p rP F c
t hu s hs m et e ct t s w t s p i
n a w e l lq u aF o n e -L ac aw
t P c o da r ae l at ei u t c at s
p r e sF t t w o - di m po D t e
t e c hm b t t c o nt h ew h t t u a s
m e tC u rt m ei u i b u t f t i n
c a l cs ht t i rv ii nt a m a t
d e c rT p oo m aa r tv ii a g i o
t s hp o sT p ra t p i a po t
s hp r eT d e tt s p rt c m t v o
a r t iv i si e z W t a rv ip t
m a xv aa d e ct j l t 1 o t m v t
p r eo t c yi t aa t s p rf t p z
T 1 v ai o c oa r ba w h t v f 1 t 2
F a o n e - dt p ra t v a t g a
r e s
VI. SIMULATIONOF T S H O C KT R(
M ud e ti n fc o nt s h ob t d
t io e n em a tm b a ct d ea c i t
D Am oF V a n od ew h o t o nw
t ed a( is hp rv r d it d et d t
D Ac o n sH o wa s o c ot i c ow t s
i n i td c b a ss A pB f t v T d
p o( fR 1 a t c i t u p o F 8 s a
c o m pb es hi n id f V a n d a o
d i m ec a l cb au t D Am T c ar
a q ur e p r eo t d
F i9 s hs r eo c os io t s t
b au pt a bc a l cm oT u t f o F 9 s
e x ao t S p rw i ms po 9 a 1143 m/s. T
s pa w i t S r aT l t f s a i c
l aa j b et t h rv ef S i V T c a
c o ri n dt b ut d ed n o H w
t c a l cr ea c ow r a dt c aa t
o v e r et a mo r em aF 1 s t p h
t on et c eo i mf a c a lw t s D m
( cD a f a c a lw t p rt a i ( I).
T t c a l cp r eh i sa q u ad ib t
i nc a l cc li n dt r e cp rp w t
D Ac a l cd n M ap rg i b t i
s u ri n da r e c op s it t c ar o c
I; see R e5 f d aW c ot t D m i p rt
m ur e aa a r eo t i ns a t q ue o t
8
l a tr a r ew ai n b a dm oH a m
m o d i fh b m t D Ai o t a dt t q
e f fT hm o d ii d e si t n s e
V IM O DT X R E A
In t hw ow b t i n im eo X u t r
s ip r ep ut o ci t f rd ap rm A
i n d ii t p r es et c uc ao t D m
d on p r er e c ob et m p re xr
H o ww c a lt D Am t b ei nt r q e
f eo t l ar a rw b a lP t d ei t c
p r ef ab et f is hp rT hw i t
m im o d io l lt
P = PI if P > PI, and
P = P if P < PI ,
w hP i t c up r eP i t f s p ra p i t
q u ai t D Af oC a lw t c i I a
m oc l ow t e x p ed f r aa p g
B e ct t r ie fo r e co i m t i
h id a mw n t d et s s eo d p
i t r e am oT d p oi t l p o F 8 (
R e1 a 1 s t s hi n is e no p rt a
g r a na r e pt a l d e( a 5 o t i d
F i8 i n dt l ad i fi s e nb i a
d a mp r o pd ap r oa m m s eW t
a st ht d am ai d eb a n s o c i t
D Am oT hn c o na g i A pB A c i
t D Am of d ap r oi t t c p i u i
p lo P B ew d n h d o t s s eo g
p r o pa v ad e nw a st t c i s ei
d i s c oI t m am aa d eo g t 9 o t
i nd e nw a st m ai u na u D c
a p p rt u n dm a tI t m ad d b 9 a
i t m a ti r e lu n r( < 5 w u D c
a p p rt d ap r o
9
T l oc ui F 8 w o bf o n es i
t ic a l cu st m oD Am w t c og i
A p pB T c ui i r e aa gw t d A t p
i t m o dp r ot t c ui F 8 r et s i
s e n so t i na d ap r o
I s hb m e nt hw u i m o t m D m
t i n dt f aG s ti ni v a a m e
m ew ht f is hw p ao t e lF t i
s p et v ao G i n ca a r eo t a o t f p
s up uf z t a v au sg rt 0 T ht s
p r ep ut r e c op ui a pt a m t i s
t ib e ci v ao G i a ln u T t c a
p r ot rf rd ap r oa m s et p
d a mp r o pT t r ei p lb ef d p
l am b b u r
VIII. SIMULATIONO X
F i g1 1s t d i fe xo c os io t
X r e aT ht c a lp et t t e c t w
e x p e rs t ut s ms hp ra t l 1 5
1 0 5 -p r o jT c a la b u t m D
m od e si t p rs e
F i g1 1 a 1 s r ef c ao t s t
a a i mv e lo 7 m F i11 s t v f a f
d i fi n so t iA 1 us a i mt r a t b
j us t ai t c o m pz n et t a a r p
o a b0 c A 1 u t r ei c le sa a 1 u t
r e ai c o mF i1 a 1 s t p rc a t
d eo r e ac o nf t s s eo t
F i g1 1 a 1 s r ef t c ao a 3
i mo a 1 5 2 -1 0 5V p ra a r t
F i1 s ht v e lf a f d ii no t T X
r e ao cb e1 a 2 us. F i1 a 1 s t p a
d eo r e ac o nf t s s eo t F F 1 i
a p pt ht r e am b j s ta 1 w in the Computational
z on e at i mf a a r ao 6 c
1
I t a bt c a l ct a pi np f t X
r e aw n o t a xb a a s u br aA h i
v e l ow it X r at i n ip a ct t m
w ib a a s u b sd if t a A t i v i
l o ww it X r at i n ip w m c t t a
T he fi d t t n ao t r e cp hT r
p r ef id e vn t p eo t p rT r o
c o m pt s pt ot a a a i s pi g i
s t r eF i5 a 6 i l lt r e cb a s t
t m a xp r ee v eo co t a A h i v
w it X r at e as o r e cr h e
p r e sf l e nt it i nt X r ei t s
f r ed a mp r o pA l i mv ew t X r t
e as to r e c od n p rh e p rf l
e nt it i n it r e aH oa r ed a
p r e si n ct c o nf i nm b m d t l
s to r e c o mn t a o s yT e i i li
F i1 w hd eo r ec oc af a l i v
o 5 m i t s ht a s hT p o i ni n t
a xo s y mF i1 s hb c ow F 1 t s t d
e ni i n i tb eh a l i mv eS s
a pt e xf v as ip r oa h t l e n
r a( Lo t s ht ( = 1.1). H oi t l d
t e( 1 5d i1 0 5 -L = 0 t p rm i a a
p o( r if af f t a b et l s o r
s ia n r e aM a r eo e p rr f t r f
s u r
T X t h rv e( mi mv er t i
t X r e ai p la a f uo p rd i F 1
f rv ag ii T aI T e x pw c ow s
h aL = 1 b w t hd id it s hp
t it 2 5 - mp r oa t 7 0 -p rO d p
f t 1 5 2 -p r ow L = 0 i a p lA p o t
c a l ct h rv e lo bf t w oh yc
l a ti a s h( sc uf p r ow L = 1 T
c a l ct h rv e lf t 1 5 2p r( = 0 i a
s h( d oc uT c a lr e lb t hv
a p r o jd i ai i g a gw t r eo
e x p e r i
I C O N C
In t hw oa c o m pm h b c ot p t
e x p e ro b sf eo t X r eT m i b u
p r e vd e vt r eo t e qo s ( a r r
f o r( D AS m o d it t D f w m t a
m ot X R e aT m d i sb d a u
p r o pt d ap r oi m m s et s i
t ht u n dp r o
T c o m pm oi d et m t s o e
t h ot l t t X r e aW i o b t p
p r o ja t as hw a p ri b A t s w
p r o pt ht p r oi d ea a r o t i nw
t l a tr ew e m af t p eb oT r o
t e nw ag ri s ta i c oo a I a r a a
t e nw aa c af r aa b ro t p ri t r
n et i mf a
M a tf t b
t ap li m p
T f rd am ai v s e
o t p r ow i s m t t
u t d ap ra c a s p
p ut r e c op uT s ep rp i a r
r e ai t d a mh is ep ra t r q
b ut a d e t oT s eo e i t t d t X
p r oa i s i mb t c o mm
F c o m pc o n vm o t c aw p w
t p r o pi m pa r it ah ot e xw c
w is tt ap lA f c a lw p ew s t
i o rt d e ti t l oc oo t p rw s
c ad i f fF i1 s r ef a c ao a 7
i mb e ta p r os hp ra a s p A c
b e tF i1 a F 11 shows that p ri a a s t
a a g aa r it aa v s iT o n od
b e tt t c a l ca pt b t t X r i a
1
2 u s ow i ma gt s t aT c oj t
u o c a l ci n vr it a
T p r oX m or ea p rp o o a 0 G t
i n ia r e at m t r at a d ei t d p
l aT h e ra f t ew p et d et m p
r e qt c aa d e ti d aV p rT t a
d e s ci A p pC I w d e tt a p rp w a p
p r eo o 0 G a a l od uo o 7 u w s t
c aa d e t oi d ap r o( dr o 8 T m
i m pi c o n sw t i ma vd i a t t
v e lf X T hr es u bt v ao t p X
m o
A C K N O W
S i g nc o n tt t w w m b J J i m
i a c o m
t iw ec a r
a b R iW ai e x pT a c
o w g rs a p ab M C
1
T I
I MT EW V P R OC YA S T
ProbabilityPropellant Size (mn SOT ThresholdVelocityDiam Length ~
XDT ThresholdVelocity Time to XDT(m/s)
of XDT(m/s) (M) %
18 19 1.06 747 472 15-45 1325 25 1 726 454 15-45 470 76 1 3 5 81 1 0 3 2 5 1
aData taken from Ref. 5.
A’”s”x-”:\\ ; ./”
u
\FILM
CASSETTE
GAGES
\
s——\
\QELECTRONIC
CORDINCAMERA
QLASERS
F L
F 1 S c ho t s ht ( R 3
1
2 /LSEC 2 /iLSEC
.-...-: Y., !- ... ...----—~—
.-‘ . . - , .--’-. 1— “ ‘“ i+.. - _ .-,.-,,., [—..—. ...— .,....-”, . . . . . . . . . - . :— J ib - . , .
~ “ ~; . ,Y 1——— . .-.-2.s..--, z.-,.
-r .8 . ‘-!. ..
— f
3 ~ 4 ~ SEC
F i2 R a d io t s ht s ht S ri V p r o( m i v ef R 4
1
1 ~ 1 ~SEC
~SEC 5 /4 SEC
F 3 R a do t s ht s a lr e ai V p r o( m i vf R 4
5 #
F 4 R a do t s ht s t Xr e ai V p r o( m i vf R 4
-- . .. ------- . ------ --- I > I
2 ( I I I I I I I I I I II
P L1O PI?ESSURE T-5,e4702E-062.01 , , I I I 1 I i I I I I
‘“’~ RIND 0.0MoooE+06RAX. 3.28039SE+1O i
Let
R o .eeeeoeE+mRnx* 9.S30636E+09
S.4673i!49E*09; 1.e934650E+103 1.640197SE*1O4 2.18693ME+16c ZO73366Z4E+1O
1zu
1.6
m
1.6384393E+e9; 3.Z7687B6E+093 4.9153178E*@94 6.5537572E+09G S.19?1966E+09
1.2
1.6
0.e
0.61 A L D E N S I
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \Jw:z.
0.6!u●
0.2I
m?\,\\
-0.2
t
rigidb o u
-
-~,~ -k?.6~eE 0.2 04 0.6 0.9 10 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.S 2.0 2.2 2.+ 2,6 0.00.2 04 0.6 O.B 1.0 12 14 1.6 1.E2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6
x CCO?OINATE(CM) x COORDINATE[[f!)P 1 P T
2 I i I I I I I I I
110 PRESSURE l-7.5000E-062ei I I I I I I 1 I I I I I I
Mt
HIti= o .n 3 .
i1.s
tRIN9 O.O@@OOeE+etMx. 4.186021E+09 1
1
1
1z
bLs i
6; 13 2
2: 3
1
12
1.0
0.sM 1k ’5 ae.
f v! L oD E N S I TR E G IC
u
LOU O E N S
1
l RR L = R E C O N W C T- - -
- – .
- I I I I I I I I I I I I - l ,I I I I00 0.2 04 0,6 0S 1.0 1.2 1.4 16 1.S 20 2.2 2.4 2.6 0.c? 0.2 04 e.6 M 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 l.e 20 2.2 2.4 2.6
X C O( x C (
F 5 P r ec of t c ai o a7 0s hp r oo V p ra ga r it aT p ri ta i i w i a w is ta tm ip ra li t p ri zT p r el ia i d y( 5 ic o no p 1
1
P RT
T I ~mI~“”I I I I I I I I1
R o eW 6.c46e46E+09
1.la76744E*e9i F!.21s34s7E4e93 3.323e231c*e94 4.43e6Q7SE+896 S.C3S3721E+09
I E
t
\-82 R E C O N P A C 7 1 W !R E G I O
L
P L P T2
L
I I I I I
1 n en 3
1
k
6; !
L 3 1 -4 i
15 3
1
}\
C R E C O N PR E4
- - -
-0.6 I I I I I I I 1 I I I0.e &2 0.4 .8.6 0.8 12 1.2 1.4 1.6 h 2.E 2.2 2.4 2.6 -0E I I I I I I I I I I I I
C 0 C,2 0.4 6?.60.9 1.0 12 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 2.2 2.4 2.6
X C~DiNATE tCtl) x COC4701NATE[CM)
F 5 ( Cf p 1 )
‘“’~ 2“’1
PROB LM P 7 EI I I I i 1
jz
!S
!? !
C.e 1 2.0 3.0 m 7.0
: P RT -
‘1 ‘ ‘
1 I I I I
i.+1
m
0 I . \\
1M
PRca Lltl P 1L I I I i I I
1+
L
0
0 1 . \\
-i.eI I I I I ! ! I .M,~o0 1 2.0 3.0 5 6 ?
F i6 T p rd i sr ef t c ai mo a 7 0s hp ro V pa ga r it aT p ri t a ii w i na w is ta t mp r ea li t p ri z P ip lv e ra t r p ( 6 i ct io p 2
2
\\.
“4
PROS Mm P TL I I I I I I
11
1
01 \
F 6 ( Cf p )
P Q E
‘
- . a)
3 -
s9- 2 -Wi
;1 -
0 E.0 0 0 0 0 la 1.2 1 1
T ( S+ 1 0
P R E
‘
-
-
$
# 20-3
g
1.0-
0.eJ
-1.01 I I I ! I ! I I
0
●1-TIK (SEC~S)
P
‘
-,.,o~3
T [ ●
P R
..
1
I I I I I 1 I I
d
I I I I 1 I I I
I-
0.2 0.4 0 a 1 1 1 1
TIMEISECOWS) * -
F i7 T p r eh ia f d ip o ft c a li mo a 7 0s p roV p r oa ga r b oT p rit ra i i w i a w is ta tm ip ra li t p ri z T fp om o na a n t a o s a ho ( 0 m ( 1 m ( 2 r a ( 3 ‘a bt i mp l
.e
.e
2
‘% N9
\
8
0
\
a
\
‘
+
DISTANCE TO DETONATION (MM)
F i8 T s hi n is e no s p rr eba p o t i ns p rv r d it d e
■ d p of n o r mV p r( R 1
D d p of a l o wd ap r( R 1
+ d p o
U ps o‘D Am ow o b tl o w -
s f a l o wd ap r( R 1
i w o bf c a lw t mf n o r mV p rL s lf c a lw t m oD m fd aV p r o
1 9 m/s ~
m
Ilas e3 #
S O3 U
I 8l
?
o 0 a
m/s
j [ ‘ ‘ ‘ ; ‘ ‘ “;*‘‘‘ !“‘ “i “ “ ‘ ;, ‘ ‘ “
L k753 mls ,,
i7 5m l
L O3 M
1 0o 1 #
t u8
7 A
60 & ao
0 0 l I M M
R a d i t( n u n
F 1
C a l cp r eh i sa ap on et c eo i mft s h ot w V p r oa a i ms po 7 mC uI w o b tb m otp r o pa a i nm a tC uD w o b tw t D Am of t p r o pT D Am op r es i g nr et hi n hr e c o m
F 9
N us io t st f t d iis pT d ie o Sa s i t u f a oe xo a i a a s lt t t hs f S is i t l f T rt m i D f V pl a t n o t cr t t d o r Ai p c
I I I I I I
Time (2s)
2
P 1 10 V EV ET =3 P 1.10 V V T
* -
2
I
2
22v
>
5 1,5I
o
P 1 10 v Ev ET =3
.
0
.
.. . 1 .1 .2 2.5 :
X C O O(
3
2
2
1
1
.5 1.0 15 Zo 2.5 3.0X COORDINATE(CM)
PRW 1 10 vE~oclry‘,/EcToRs T=Z.0000E-05
Fia. 11. S i mo t X r eV ef o
oX C (
f t c a li mo a 7 0s p ro V p r oa ga r t aT p ri s i mw t m oD Am Ss t ri t p r oi n ea t mp r ea li t p ri z T t oe f ri i s e
P 1 10 P RT =3 P 1 10? P T-
2
c&
-
++
+-
+
X C O(
2
C “O
+ 3+ 6+ S+ 1
+ t+ 1
2
1.5
t
1.0-
.5-
.0.0 .5 1.0 1.5 2 2.5 :
X COOROINATF(CM)
Io
P 1 10 P RT .P 1 10 P T
2
12
1 [
C V+ 0 O+ I 3+ Z
+ 3 8+ 6+ 6 4
+ l 1
$00
>
.
00 . 10 1.s 2 2 3
x C O(
2 .
Z
CCulmnvm.w-+-+--
-
o
F i1 S i mo t X r eP rc of t c a li mo a 7 0s po V p r oa ga r t T p ri s i mw t m oD m S si t p r oi n ea t m pa li t p r oi z T p rl ai d y n
2
P 1 10 L AT = I3
.
A 2g
+
s 1.5
C+
--
+
++
+
1 0-
. 5.
0 . 1.0 1.s 2.0 2.sX C O(
P 1 10 L AT =3
2
X C O(
C V+ 4
l3
+ S+ 6+ *
+ 1
0
g
P 1 10 L T
C+
1
+ 3+ 4+ 6+ 8
$
\,
1 1.5 2 2x COORDINATE(CM)
P 1 10 L T3
I C+
+
2
t
+ 3+ S
6+ S
+ 1
~ 2v
w
S 1.s-zgU, 1.0.
.5-
I.Ob.0 5 1.0 15 20 2.5
X C (
o
0
F i1 S i mo t X r eC oo t degreeofr e ao bf t c ai o a 7s hp r oo V p ra a r tT p r oi s iw t m oD mS hs t ri t p r oi n ea tm ip ra li t p ri z
2
P 1 10 V V T =P 1 10 V V Tr —14
12[
o8 12 14 16
X C ((
P 1 10 V EV ET =
16
t4
12
8
E
4
i
(
. . . . . . . . .
...,, ,,.,,
.,,... ,,,,,
.,,,,,, ,,,,,,a
8
, .
,..,,. . . . . . . . . . . .
,... . . . . . . . . . .
2 4 6 8 10 12 14X C M(
1 -
12.
1
8
6h...........,,................,.,,,,,9*,,Sbbb b
, ,4 “, s b 8 , ● , , , , b b \ b b
S.*, .,.,,bsb b%
.,.,,,, ●
i .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .
0. . . . . . . . . . .
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14X C (
P 1 10 V V T1
1
o 4 6 8 10 12 14 16X C (
F i1 S i mo t X r eV ef o ft c a li mo a 1 5 21 0po V p r oa ga r t a 3 m Tp r oi s i mw t m oD m Ss t ri t p r oi n ea t m ps a li t p r oi z T t o ef ri i s e
2
P 1 10 A T T O P 1 10 P T
>
1 4-
1 2.
1 0-
8 .
6 .
4 .
z .
O IO Z 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
X C O(
O 1 10 P RT =
:c
+ 0
1 .+ I- -
+ 3
+ 4 Z
1 2- --@- Sbs.oa .+ 6 s E *
L !0
F i15.
6 8 10 12 14X C O(
1c
& 0
1 . + 1 .+ 2 .+ 3
+ 4
. + S
6
X C (
P 1 10 P T
1’ ‘ “ ‘ ‘ ‘ “ ~
V+
1+ s l+ 1 b
z 4
+ 3
x C (
S i mo t X r eP rcf t c a li mo a 1 5 21 0p r oo V p r oa ga r t a 3 mT p r oi s i mw t m oD m ●
S hs t ri t p r oi n ea t mp r ea li t p ri z C v op r ea i d y n
2
P 1 10 A CT R1 O O
1 -
1 2-
1 0.
8 -
6 -
4
zIx C U(
P 1 10 L T =
1 6! C o MW A L
- h! . W
14
I
4- !
+ 3
+ S+ 1 C
& 9 5
+ II
x C O(
P 1 10 L T
C+
+ Z
+ 4
+ b
8+ 1
+ I
1
8
k
:O z 4 6 8 10 12 14
x C (
P 1 10 L T
16C
+ 7
14.+ z 3
+ 3
+ s 4
+ b $
+ 9
+ 1
1 -
Ib
8+
,,)/(>
6 .
4 .
2
A
n 7 4 6 8 10 12 14 16. .x C (
F i1 S jof the X r eC oo t d or e ao bf t cal CU1ated ~mpact of a 152-rrnn-diam,105-mm-long projectile o V p I a a rt aa 3 m T p rl i s iw t mf D Am o. S s ti t p rin e ga t m ip ra i t pi z e
3
P 1 10 L T = l
5m c
& 3
+ 1
3
4 .S
* b
+ 8
+ 1
3 -
z -
1-
00 1 2 3 4 s
~ 1 10 L T5
I
4
3
2
X C O( s R X C (
P 1 10 L T =
5m
- 6
l
4 3
+ 4
4 - + b
+ 7
+ 9
3 -
i .
! io i 2 3
x c O(
m c
+ 3
6
+ I
+ I
* I
+ ?
P 1 10 L T
4 .
C+
-
+
+
+
+
+
3 -
z .
1
0- *0 1 2 3 4
x C (
F iS i mo t X r eC oo t d or e ao bf t c ai o a sp r oo V p r oi ma r t aa l s po 5 m a s j a t tv e lf X A t s pt i np in t a o s y( cw F 1
400
300
200
100
a
I 1 t I 1 1 1
o 20 40 60 80DIAMETER (MM)
F i1 M ii mv er ef t X ri V p r oa a f uo t d ot i m pc y lp r
C a lt hv ef p rw L = 1
A--- --- C a lt hv ef a pw L = 0
0 E x p ed et hv fp r ow L = 1
Q E x p ed et hv fp r ow L = 0
3
i
1
0
-1
-
-
3
2
1
0
-
-
-
V V T 1 O
r
I z 3 4 5P (
V V T .
I
L—,
1 . 3 4 sP I (
V V T I
z
t
t
-0 1 2 3 4 5
P I (
V V T 1 O
,?t
;v
E (
+
P (
F i1 S i mo t X r eV ef of t c a li mo a 7 0s p ro V p r oa ga s t aT p ri s i mw t m oI Im . S si t p r1a i n e ga t m pa li t p r oi z T t i noe f ri i s e
3
A P
T H E QO S
T c o nu i t H e q
B o wK e ra M a
d e st u n rs o
c + Su ,
% = C2(V0 - v)/[vo -
A
F V P R
o s h b d b
f t p rV T e qu t
p r oa
S(vo - V)12 ,
I = 1/2 ph(vo - V) ,
1 n= ~ ~ (,m
ps = (r/V)(I - Ih) + ph ,
TS = (I - Ih)/Cv + Th s
w hU r e pt s hw s pu t p as P t p V
t s p ev oI t s pi ne na T t a t
t uT s u b“ r et q uo t H uc a s
s c“ r et t u n rs oT c oi t a e
w hw et af B oe a a g i t f ol
c = 0 .c m
s = 2,
V = 0 .c m
r = 1
C = 1 .x e rK
A = - 5 . 4 0
3
A = - 4 8 . 6
A = - 7 5 . 4
A = - 4 5 . 6a
A = - 6 . 6 2( i K f V i c m
T e q uf t c o mr ep rg a
1npi=~ ‘ s
m
l n= ~ cm(ln~i)m - z ,m
3- 1= ~ E m (,
m
PG = (I - Ii)/(BV) + pi s
TG = (1 - II )/C~ + Ti .
F rR e9 t c o nt b u i t a
a g ii t f o ll i
‘ = - 3 . 5 6B = - 2 .B = - 0 . 0 3B = 0 . 0
= c = 0 . 5
C = 0 . 0 0C = 0 . 0
e qf V p
B = 0 .
C = 0 .
3
D = 7 . 9 6D = - 0 .D = 0 .
D = - 0 . 0D = 0 . 0
E = D1 El = 2D2 E2 = 3D3 Es = 4D4
= x e rK
z = 0.1 .
T u no t a bc oa s t t s i e
w ib g ii u no M ● c mt p rw b g i u o
M ba t t e m pi d eK
3
A PB
C O NF T M OD AN F V P R
F t p r oi i o rf t c ot b u i
E ( a
= 0 .( G P,
n = 2.75 ,
C = 0 ( Gw ,
C 0.1 G ,
T ,
PI = 0.1 GPa .
F t p r oi a d as ( md h r l
t h9 o t o r id ew A < 5 t c oa
Z = 0 ( G P,
n =
C = 0 ( Gu ,
C 0.1 G ,
T 1 2,
P = 0 G .
3
A PC
T I N S TC G T W D AV P R
T p uo t t i t e st s eo d V p
p e lt a a pp rp uF t t w w t d t
e ao i n ia d e ti l d e( 8o n d
d a mV B er e c oo d ap rm b t d
i g nm e ci t X r ew w t d ei p w
a c o n sw p r ea cd ut r ep o i
p at ea s u ft c p rr ei t d V F
C s ht c a lp rh io bf a s io t
7 0i mt ew V s ta s t aT i v i
3 m /w hi e qt t t hv ef t X r T
p ec a l cp r eo c cd ur e ci a 0 G A
t hp r ef l u ce xa s u bp ri m f a
c o n s it iI t s ht t p r ep a t
t h rv e li a bt t v ab t d o l i
m us h o
T t c o n fw i i nt b s t t N c g
t ei i l l ui F C T s c ot i f w
l as h ao V w ha p at a b d o 8 o n
d e nT d er ai c o nw t c ad o m
r it b r e c oT P la th a d s t
t t ui nd i aa i p o sa f m ii t t A
P -p l al ( 5 6x 3 0 -C oB a b e
s ii u a t s t iS M ag l a v p
t ia u t m ep r eG a1 2 a 3 a p oa t
t ua xT a p aw t V T g a u t m t
i np r ep uT r e mg aa m i a s g a
t i no t s tt a c ow a s s T g a
a r mt s ut i np rp a a s t i t
h ip r er e sf a e vr ei t p r
S t ew c o nT t c o na r a s i
T aC -T e1 a 2 w p r ea n p rg r w
o b tT f r aw ip li nt d ew p
d uT 3 w a 1 2a t td n p a d eo
3
.
= i I
0 I 1 I‘aO 02 04 1.0 12 1.4 1.6 L9 2.9
1
( m i
F C -C a lp rht n t i mfo t a o s yf t 7 0i mta a i mv eo3 m ( t hv ei f X D
+
t
P p w e l
1 IP a
L‘ b s
P f
M p “
/ D V1
2 ‘/ T
6Steel tube .
3 “\
( i 4 O x
.,.: .I *, -*
.-l...+- .
? f
r ~ w D
Isom)
.—.F C S co t i
m c g t
TABLE C-I
INSTRUMENTED CARD G T
D eR
A t tL D
T N ( ( U %
1 7 (3.0) 86
2 76.2 (3.0) 86
3 127.0 (5.0) 89
4 101.6 (4.0) 85
5 101.6 (4.0) 86
6 63.5 (2.5) 89
P P
t P r
(
---
---
0.09
0.12
0.14
0.75
T UD
D (
~ yes -
y -
-
y 30.
y 4
y 1
.
—
a b t a t i p p g 1 a t ra h p t a p g
39
s i g nr e ai t p r oT a pp rp w m
u rb g a1 T 0 .p rp o 8 d uo i T
3 d n r ei a d e tT 4 a 5 w c ow 1
a t t e na t p a pp rw 0 a 0 G B t
r e si d e t oA i n db t a rp rg a d
o 3 a 4 u w o b sb et a ro t i p p a
o c c uo v h p r e( gg o s o f i s
n i fr e aI T 6 t a t tw r i l t 6 m
i o rt c ap ri n iT l w c t p a i
p r eo a b0 G H ot g r s a i p
o 0 .G f o lb a c o nr t 2 G T i h p
s ui p r od t r e aF t r eo g 6 a 7 t f
d e t oa pt h o cs ob et g ( 2 m
f rt a t t eT d e tv em eb g 7 a 4
w 7 m m
In s u mt hr ei nt d aV p ri e
s e nt s hi n iA p rp o j o 0 G a f
o n7 M c i n ia d e ti 8 d d V p rT
m a go s t ii a v ai t
p r ei t s h o2 5a 7
c o n s id eb et a ro
p rp a sw r
i t H t i a
t i np p a d
t io a v ir e aT h et s ms i t w n
b e x pt d e tb et i n e m ap f c
f i na b u iA a h ip r( G a a i
r e ao cw hb ut a d e ti 1 v A 0 s i
u n dp r oc an r eE a t p l w
i t y pf r e c oi t s ht t r d t d
i l ot t r e mp r ol eH oa t i p
s up
V m
l ob
l ai
s u i t ht ew o s d uR o t d
b m i m mt a s up uT p rw d
o t e sI w ob i n tt s i f d p
e vm s e nA i w b h et k t e o
f r as is ha p oo s e n
R E F E
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
11.
12.
L. J. H a gD E W iR T S ea J L W “ AM u l t iE u lP rf C o mF a E lF li T S pD i ma T iS yS a Sr eS S S -( J1 9
A A A m sH M R ua C W H “ A S iA com-
p uP r of F lF a A S pL A S cL a b or eL A( J1 9
“ T r i( CM oD e tA sR ep b HT h if L o cM ia S C oInc., S uC a l iJ a2 1 9
“ T r i( 4 M oB eS tR ep rb HT h if L o cM ia S C oInc., S uC a l iJ a3 1 9
“ T r i( CD e tM oS uS F R pb H e r c u lf L oM ia S C oSC a l iO c1 9
E F u gJ D J a cR R K aa R J “ RSo I mi P o l yE x pi S W i CM a- 1 9E W J N eL. S ea R A G A Ce nP r o cN 7
C h aL M aN u mM oo D eU noC a l iP rB ea L A nC a1 p 3
L. G. G rE J aE L L E S C hC M TC W e s t mA M W ea B B r“ DD eiP r o pf L V eI mi t S eS y( I n t e) o D e tU S N A cA nMJ u1 61 9
A L B o wJ D K e ra C L M “ NM oS y m pD e t oL A lS cL ar L( N o1 9
J W a cR L R aM J G ia A B A n“ SI n i tS to P B Xi T S ~o H D PP aF rA u2 81
W F i c“ PA O n e -L aH yL AN a tL a br eL A -( A1
J. J. Dick a J B R a“ SS e na H uo V aV P r o p eL A lN aL ai nr M( M3 1 9
13. J. R. Travis, “ SI n io G rV P rLA lN a tL a bi nr M -( 1
1 “ T r i( CD e tM oS uS P Rp r eb H e r c uf L oM ia S CS u n nC a l iM 2 1
* G o v E RO F1 9 8
4