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OPEN DOOR For those who enter and those who leave

THE MAGAZINE OF THE SWINBURNE TECHNICAL COLLEGE

NUMBER EIGHT NOVEMBER, 1930

THE OPEN DOOR The Magazine of

The Swinburne Technical College Hawthorn, Victoria

"Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, but wise men use them."

Office-Bearers of the College: Patroness: Mrs. Swinburne.

President: Sir W . M. McPherson.

Vice-President: Russell Martin, Esq.

Hon. Treasurer: H. R. Hamer, Esq.

Secretary: F. W . M. Wood.

Director - - - - F. W. Green, B.Sc, Whit. Ex., Assoc. M. Inst. C.E.

PRINCIPAL DEPARTMENTS:

Engineering: The Director. Graphic and Applied Art: S. W . Tompkins.

Carpentry and Joinery: A. McK. Cousland. Domestic Arts: Miss M. G. Kirkhope.

Plumbing and Sanitary Engineering: C. H. Wright. Architecture: W . G. Brodie, A.R.V.I.A.

Girls' Junior Technical School: Miss D. Eyles. Boys' Junior Technical School: D. McKay.

STUDENT ASSOCIATIONS:

Hon. Sec, Old Engineering Swinbumians: E. Marston, Swinburne Technical College.

Hon. Sec, Old Swinburne Collegians, J. Mainsb ridge, 8 Hambledon Road, Hawthorn.

Hon. Sec, Old Girls' Club: Lexie McConchie, 10 Charles Street, Elsternwick, S.4.

Hon. Sec, Art Club: Len Simpson, Barkly Street, Mornington,

COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT, "THE OPEN DOOR."

Editor and Manager: H. Brunskill.

Mrs. Clark, E. Edwards, A. Green, S. W . Tompkins.

Hon. Treasurer and Sales Manager: F. W. M. Wood.

Organisers, Trade and Evening Students: H. Brunskill, B. Calcutt, E. Marston.

Published in May, August, and November. 1/- per copy or 3/- per annum, post free.

Contributory matter should be in the hands of the Editor one month prior to date of publication.

Contributions may bear a "nom-de-plume," but the actual name of the contributor must be disclosed

T H E O P E N D O O R

HOW "THE OPEN DOOR" IS PRODUCED. A Brief Sketch of the Processes through which

Your Magazine Passes.

By M E L T O N F. RITTER (Ex-Student Art Dept.)

Brrrrrrr—Brrrrrrrrr—"National Press here!" ... "I will come right over for it now." Click . . . The copy for the Christmas issue of the "Open Door" is ready.

THE COPY.—"Copy" is the name we give to all the matter which is to be printed in the finished journal, whether it be written articles to be set in type, or drawings from which blocks are to be made, and, with the word that the copy is ready, the printer commences his operations in the production of your magazine.

All copy is first carefully looked over, the literary matter marked with setting instructions, and the drawings marked ready for the block maker.

W e will deal first with the written matter, which is passed to the linotype operator, whose machine is to set the words in metal.

THE LINOTYPE.—This is an almost human machine, which is operated from a keyboard similar to that of an ordinary typewriter. As the operator "types" the copy, small metal moulds (called matrices) of the various letters fall into place side by side. When a line is complete, it passes into a casting chamber in the machine, where a solid line is cast, having all the letters of the line projecting from one solid base. These lines of type are called "slugs," and are all the same length, width, and thickness.

While the written work of the copy is undergoing this process, the drawings are being handled by the block maker.

THE BLOCK MAKING.—The drawings and photographs which are to be printed in the magazine are first photographed, then printed on sensitized zinc, and then placed in a bath of nitric acid, which eats away all the unprotected parts on the metal, that is, it etches everywhere except the lines which are required to print. These lines remain the full thickness

of the zinc, and all other parts become much thinner. W h e n etching is complete, the zinc is mounted on wood, and is ready for printing.

P R O O F S . — W h e n all the matter is set, and blocks are made of all the illustrations, the proofing press is brought into operation. This is a very simple machine which enables us to take rough impressions from all the type and blocks, and so to read the matter and check over all the illustrations. The work of proofreading is tedious, as it necessitates utmost care to be sure that no wrongly spelt words or bad letters go through in the finished job. When the proof-reading is finished, the order of the articles is drawn up, and the whole of the corrected proofs and the make-up of the journal given to the compositor.

T H E M A K E - U P A N D L O C K - U P . — T h e next step in the production is to make-up all the linotype and blocks into pages in their proper order. The linotype is measured off into columns, and space is left for headings. Blocks are placed in their correct positions, and, page by page, the metal is put into order. W h e n the last page is ready, the processes of "imposing" and "locking-up" are commenced. Imposing means the placing of each page of metal in its correct position relative to all the other pages. In a 32-page issue of "The Open Door," 16 pages are printed at once on one side of a sheet, and the other 16 are printed on the back, and all these pages must print in such a position as to fall in correct order when the sheet is folded and cut. This arranging of the pages of linotype is called imposing. W h e n 16 of the pages are lying in their correct positions, a steel frame called a chase is placed around them, and the pages are locked very tightly into this. The method of locking type and blocks into a chase is by means of expanding clamps, called quoins. Several of these quoins are placed between the chase and the type. Their width is capable of being expanded by means of a key,

T H E O P E N D O O R Page 3

and so tremendous pressure is exerted sideways on the type. So great is this pressure that it is sufficient to hold every line in place.

W h e n type is locked up in a chase ready for printing, it is called a "forme," and it is this forme, 30 inches wide and 40 inches long, and very heavy, which is taken to the machine room to be printed.

T H E P R I N T I N G . — A very brief outline of the action and principles of the press must suffice here, for the production of "The Open Door" is yet only half completed.

It m a y be mentioned at this point that the machinist who prints your journal is an old student of Swinburne.

The Press on which The Open Door is printed

Having run the ink up on the Quad Crown Miehle press, the first forme of 16 pages is tightly locked into the bed of the machine. The ink is thoroughly rolled by large gelatinous rollers on to the movable ink table of the machine, where it is taken by other rollers, under which passes the forme of blocks and type. The printing surfaces of the linotype slugs and blocks being rolled evenly with ink, a

sheet of paper is fed in. T h e grippers take the sheet, and hold it fast by one edge. It passes round the cylinder of the machine, and is adjusted in such a position that the type passing under the revolving cylinder and pressing on it leaves its impression of ink in the correct position on the paper.

Theoretically, it should only be necessary to feed sheets through as soon as the forme is on

the machine, but, practically, this is not so.

Although all blocks and type are made to one height (called type high), and are reasonably accurate, there is always a slight variation, particularly in a big forme, and so, on the first impression, some letters are found to be printing so heavily as to indent the surface of the paper, while others are so low as not to touch the paper at all. The correction of this un-evenness is known as "make ready."

M A K E R E A D Y . — T h i s is accomplished by two main methods: (1) underlays, i.e., building up the height of blocks, etc., by pasting paper under them; (2) overlays, i.e., pasting paper on the cylinder packing in the necessary positions to make up for low letters, or cutting away parts of the cylinder packing to allow for high letters.

The aim of every machinist is to have every letter and every block just pressing sufficiently hard on the paper to leave a clean impression of ink without leaving any indentation on the surface of the paper.

To effect this thoroughly on a big forme of linotype and blocks may take several hours, and only on very good paper, and on jobs where time and expense are of no account, can this be perfectly accomplished. In fact, in some cases of very irregular linotype and worn blocks it may not be possible at all.

The make-ready being complete, and the flow of ink adjusted to all parts of the forme, the job is ready to run. The paper is placed on the feed table, the feeder starts the machine, the job is running. The machinist keeps an eye on the sheets as they are delivered just to make final adjustments to the ink on the first 50 or 100 runs, and then turns his attention to the printing of the cover.

This is a simple matter, for, once the make-ready is finished, the machinist has very little to do. The cover is printed on a much smaller machine than the inside, a machine which is automatically fed, and which runs very fast. The sheets are picked up one by one by suction, fed through the press, delivered and counted at the rate of one per second. The cover is finished and put aside to dry, and, by now, the first forme of the inside (16 pages) is complete.

By this time the composing room has the second forme ready, and the make-ready of this


one has to be done. As soon as this is completed, the sheets which are already printed on one side are all fed through again to be printed with the other 16 pages. As the last sheet comes off the press, the telephone rings, and the Editor wants to know the position of "The Open Door." This always frightens us, as we ask timidly if he wants anything altered. When he says "No," we tell him it is a good job, because all the sheets are printed, and ready for making up. This puts the Editor in a good humor, and he allows us an extra day before we need deliver.

The Automatic Miehle which prints the cover

T H E B E N C H W O R K . — T h e cover sheets are folded—a simple procedure only requiring one fold. The inside sheets are then attended to. In the case of "The Open Door," these sheets are folded by hand. Each sheet has to be folded four times, and this produces, out of a sheet 30 inches by 40 inches, 16 pages on each side of the paper, so making the 32-page book which you now hold.

Now, have a look at the centre of the magazine. You will notice three wire stitches. It is at this point, after folding, that the centre stitch only is put in.

The wire-stitching machine is a very rapidly working piece of mechanism, which cuts the wire from the roll, punches it through the paper, and clinches it down in one action, and this centre stitch holds the pages together while

they are being cut, and until the cover is put

on. You will notice that the cover of this maga

zine overhangs the pages. This prevents us from putting the cover on before cutting the inside. W h e n the insides are trimmed they are placed inside the cover, which is slightly larger, and the whole is stitched in two places. At the end of this operation, all that remains to do is to pack the job and deliver it to the

College.

Haw. 2347. . . . "Is that Mr. Brunskill?" "The Open Door" is on the train to Glenferrie

now." "O.K." Click.

Through lack of space, the Editor is unable to inflict upon his unwilling readers his usual half column of homilies. Crowded out, in fact. What a relief for us all!

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The attention of readers is drawn to the Scholarship Scheme of the Council.

Under it, free tuition is granted in day and evening classes in all courses to suitably qualified candidates. Early application should be made in the main office, where further particulars may be obtained.

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The Entrance Examination for the Boys' Junior School will be held on Saturday, December 6th, the subjects of examination being Arithmetic and English.

S * S

A black and white drawing competition, conducted among all Victorian Technical Schools by Wiltshires Pty. Ltd., has resulted in the second year Art students of Swinburne gaining four cut of the five prizes. The first prize of three guineas was awarded to J. Stafford, the second to W . Patterson, and honorable mentions were made to the work of B. Ratten and M . Savage. The drawings were judged by W . R. Deane,

THE OPEN DOOR Page 5

EDITORIAL (continued)

Esq., A.R.C.A. (our Art Inspector), and the Assistant Art Inspector (H. Brown, Esq.).

The winning drawing is reproduced in this issue.

tfi tfi tfi Mention was made recently in the Press of

a Monoplane for two passengers, constructed by Mr. D. Staig, of Canterbury. Mr. Staig was a student of the Machine Shop in 1916-17. W e understand that the 'plane has undergone complete tests by experts, and is declared thoroughly airworthy.

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Coming Events. The Woodwork Department holds its Annual

Social on Tuesday, November 25th, in the Social Hall.

tfi tfi tfi The Engineering Machine Shop Annual

Dance will be held on Saturday, December 6th.

NOTES BY THE DIRECTOR.

Reference was made in the M a y issue of "The Open Door " to the illness of Cr. Henry Rooks, of Camberwell, and it is with much regret that we have to announce his death, which took place at his residence in Camberwell on Saturday, October 18th. The late Cr. Rooks was one of the representatives of the Municipality of Camberwell on the College Council, and he filled this position in a worthy manner for fourteen years, and was for five years the Vice-President of the College Council. His funeral at the Box Hill cemetery on the following Monday was very largely attended, representatives of the College present being Cr. F. F. Read, Cr. W . F. Young, Mr. J. Mackay, and the Director.

At the Council Meeting on August 7th, Mr. Russell Martin was elected Vice-President for the ensuing year. The choice is a very happy one, Mr. Martin being a son-in-law of the late Mr. Swinburne, and it is hoped that he will experience a happy and successful year of office.

Old students of the Girls' Junior Technical School will learn with much regret of the illness of Miss Dorothy Eyles, which has necessitated

her relinquishing, for the time being, the duties of Head Mistress of the school. Under medical advice, Miss Eyles has been advised to rest for twelve months, and it is sincerely hoped that such a change from the strenuous work of the school will restore her health. In the meantime, Miss Gilpin is acting as Head Mistress in her stead.

Old girls will also be interested to know that Miss Hardess has lately been transferred to the Senior Art Department, where it is felt that her ability as an instructress in art subjects will be given greater scope. Her place on the staff of the Girls' School has been taken by Miss Jean Moreton, an old trainee of the College.

UNVEILING OF SWINBURNE MEMORIAL BUST BY SIR WILLIAM McPHERSON.

Thursday Evening, October 2nd.

In asking the President to perform the ceremony, Mr. Hamer, the Hon. Treasurer, spoke of the great pleasure and satisfaction felt by the Council of the College in having Sir William McPherson to succeed the late Mr. Swinburne as President. H e also mentioned that the Memorial Bust to be unveiled had been executed by Mr. Paul Montford, and was a replica of that presented to the Trustees of the National Gallery by Sir William McPherson.

Sir William expressed the great pleasure it gave him to unveil the memorial of one who had been his great friend, and the founder and benefactor of this large institution.

H e spoke of the many interests with which the late Mr. Swinburne was associated for the general well-being of the people, educational and otherwise, and mentioned his association with the University and with the National Gallery and Public Library. Not only did the late Mr. Swinburne give freely to establish the institution, but he also gave much of his thought and time to the affairs of the College. Sir William pointed out that the cost of the Bust had been defrayed by donations from those who had been in some way associated with the College since its inception, as members of Council, instructors, students past and present, and he hoped it would prove an incentive to those who studied at the College to follow the


EDITORI 4 L- continued.

example of one who had done so much for them. He wondered sometimes whether educational facilities were not being made available too easily nowadays, and whether we had not gone somewhat too far in establishing technical schools in Victoria. In days gone by, when education was more difficult to obtain, it was more appreciated, and went further in the

formation of character. As his health improved, he hoped to give more time and attention to the progress and affairs of the College.

Mr. Hosken, on behalf of the Council, thanked Sir William McPherson for performing the ceremony.

The Director spoke of the pleasure it gave all associated with the College to have Sir W m .

McPherson amongst them again, and the keen regret of everyone that considerations of health had necessitated his putting aside the cares and anxieties of political life. H e also mentioned the value of the memorial bust as a perpetual reminder of the founder and benefactor of the College, George Swinburne.

The Chief Inspector of Technical Schools, Mr. Eltham, sent a message to say he was much disappointed at his inability to be present, particularly as he had always been a great admirer of the work and ideals of Mr. Swinburne.

Those present included Mrs. Swinburne and family, Miss McPherson, and members of the College Council.

By D A V I D C. G R A Y (Boys' Junior School).

The writers of the earlier Reminiscences are to be envied. It seems that the outstanding events in the short history of this institution have been chronicled, and that but little remains to be related. But, did not a great commotion occur in 1913?

It was then decided to establish a Boys' Junior Technical School, three others already being in existence in the metropolitan area. Students being a necessity, some seventy were collected, but the regular staff, with Mr. McKay as Head Master, did not arrive until the end of the second term—there were then four terms of ten weeks each in the school year. In Room 7 a very cordial reception was given to the staff by the students, and even so early as this it was evident that the bright sparks were in particularly good form. Fortunately they soon settled down, and when one meets some of those "originals," complete with wife and family, one realises how long ago 1913 really is. Many will recollect some of the customs, which now seem strange. A hand bell assembled the students until it became like one particular student was alleged to b e — cracked.


REMINISCENCES-continued

With no art school, we had a yard which was considered large enough for football and cricket, both of which were detrimental to the welfare of the rockery in the angle between the Plumbing and Engineering departments. Cricket was particularly expensive until wire netting covers were placed over all adjoining windows. That's the origin of the contraption in front of the plumbing shop windows.

The sporting side of the school had the enthusiastic support of Cr. W . G. Burton, who made arrangements with the Hawthorn City Council for our boys to use the Glenferrie Oval This was the envy of the other Technical Schools, as, being much smaller than at present, it was an ideal ground for boys.

The long Christmas vacation prevented cricket being played to any great extent, but the first football match won by Swinburne must not be forgotten. In 1914, an under 14 team snatched a victory in the last quarter from West Melbourne on the old East Melbourne ground, which has now been demolished to make room for extensions to the Jolimont railway yards.

Until 1916 there was no football premiership competition, and also in this year the officials of the State Schools' Amateur Athletic Association, feeling that they were still interested in the boys who had entered the Technical Schools, included some events for junior Technical boys in their annual championship meeting. Of these, possibly the tug-of-war for teams of twelve created greatest enthusiasm. These events gave Mr. H. D. Smith, then hon. sec. of the Victorian Amateur Athletic Association, the idea of a big Championship Meeting for all Victorian Technical Schools. By his influence, the "Winner Cup" was secured, and in 1917, at the first meeting, Mr. Smith had the satisfaction of seeing his son, Harry, win three events for Swinburne. That contest was particularly exciting. W h e n the last race, the 880 yards, started, Swinburne was one point behind Bendigo, and the excitement in the Swinburne camp when our representative—the modest Clarrie Barnett—with a fine finish over the last 220 yards, came home a winner by a good margin was a reflex of the fine school spirit which had already been established.

There is a temptation to name some of the

outstanding lads of 1913. Possibly it is better not to do so. Each one played some part in laying the foundation of the institution of which both staff and students, past and present, are so proud.

RISES AND FALLS.

Turn tiddley um, turn tiddley um, Turn tiddley um, tiddley u m m turn turn. No, dear reader. This is not the refrain from

the latest all singing, talking picture. It is the Swinburne call to duty.

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Despite the rude remarks of various contributors in our last issue, the College lawn still continues to grow.

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There is some idle talk—in these days of economy—of getting the Engineers to fit an adjustment to the College vacuum sweeper, so that it could also be used as a lawn mower. Good idea.

tfi tfi tfi Talking of economy—now that warmer

weather will be coming, visits to Kay's could be reduced if the Art Department supplied us with decorative friezes.

tfi tfi tfi Those who despair of ever getting any sort of

car should cast their eye over the French model that is the pride of the M — r M — c s .

This is Painless. T o m m y : "I thought you told m e that the

dentist was painless?" Dad: "Yes, I did." T o m m y : "Well, he isn't; because when I bit

his finger he yelled."

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Forewarned. Vicar: "I think w e had better make the col

lection before the sermon this morning." Verger: "Indeed, sir, and why?" Vicar: "Well, I intend to preach on

Economy."

THE OPEN D O O R

ART SCHOOL NOTES

FOURTH YEAR.

—EXIT.—

Fourth year students are already sadly lamenting the collapse of Swinburne owing to the removal of the backbone of the school (ourselves, so please you).

Nancy Hudspeth and Isla Witt are still nobly holding their own against the combined onslaughts of their less learned companions.

Alice Clark is discovered as a poet of pottery work, and interpreter of character in modelling.

Jean Cresswell seems to have imprisoned something of elf-land magic in her creations; always a half-laughing, half-wistful question seems to be hidden in them. She intends to hold an exhibition of her work at her home early in December.

Jean, whose preference for color has not prevented her from becoming a master of both pen and brush, is a very clever designer of anything commercial.

Ralph has again proved the superiority of Swinburne training by coming fifth in an open poster competition against some of the best-known poster artists in Melbourne. Such names as Tromph, Northfield, and Will Eager (an old Swinburne student, by the way) prove the keenness of the competition.

Ralph's balance of color and power of finish were especially commented on. H e is known to have executed several other commissions under the name of Chip.

A most inexplicable fondness for covering large surfaces with paint, combined with a habit of thinking in metaphors, is rapidly fitting Violet Warren for a place in the ranks of mural painters.

A passion for modelling in clay (recently developed) suggests a sticky end.

Winkie's love of Life is proverbial, and her powers of expressing it in pen and ink, more especially the lighter side of it, are truly amazing.

The acceptance of one of her joke cartoons by "Adam and Eve" gives concrete proof of her ability in this direction.

Nancy Drake, our returned prodigal, com

bines an entirely negative attitude to life with a surprising ability to do good line work.

Lily's outstanding sense of quality and craftsmanship in everything she touches, makes the addition of her signature to her works

almost superfluous. W e have claimed a good deal of valuable

space already, but we ask your indulgence for a few more lines to give a word of friendly

advice. Don't miss fourth year! All the half assimi

lated facts left floating around at the end of third year seem here to find the proper place and right perspective.

That extra year's guidance has probably saved us years of struggling to get our artistic feet in a hard and unsympathetic world.

Don't miss it! Drifting in for a day here and there afterwards won't take the place of the splendidly planned course which regular fourth year students enjoy.—And so we hand over the keys. Put your own personality into the Studio, and add something of real value for those who follow you.

W e haven't left you much to make it comfortable, but if you just take the idea of an intensely personal and quite private corner in which everyone is free to develop their own ideas, dropping the mask life usually forces us to wear, and living in the happy intimacy which only a studio can give, we shall have left you something worth while. Anyway, good luck.

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LATER AND IMPORTANT.

Persistent rumours are reaching us, which may have a profound effect on the future. At present they are rather nebulous, but everything points to some Very Big Scheme for scholarships in the Art School. The exact form cannot at present be disclosed, but all the indications available point to something absolutely new in the history of the School.

Watch for it.

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ART CLUB.

Thanks to the untiring efforts of our President, Mr. Tompkins, and our Honorary Secretary, Miss J. Waller, the Art Club has had a very successful year, which will close with a meeting on November 12th. For this occasion,


ART SCHOOL NOTES (continued)

in addition to talk of a surprise for members, there is planned an exhibition of former work. Non-members would be well advised to "watch" for the exhibition, as, with characteristic modesty, exhibitors seldom allow their work to remain on view much longer than is made necessary by the presence of the President. So keep a sharp look-out if you want to see some really good things. Now that our various pangs are past or not to be renewed for several

months (according to whether we are coming back for further study or not), we take our leave regretfully of this splendid training-ground —our Club. —Nancy Lewes.

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A R T S C H O O L DANCE, JULY 31st.

Extract from Daily Newspaper (Which One?).

A very successful Cabaret Dance was held by the Swinburne Art Students in the Hawthorn Masonic Hall, Thursday last. Miss M. Cohen

Reproduction of the Winning Drawing for the Wiltshire's Indian Ink Competition Drawn by J. Stafford



and Miss P. Crabb, Joint Secretaries, aided by enthusiastic students, are to be congratulated on the organization of the evening. The decorations, in the form of posters and masks designed by the students, lent colour to the atmosphere. A shower of balloons descending from lattice gates suspended from the ceiling by streamers

was a bright interlude during the evening. Noisy novelties were produced at supper-time with great effect, and many exciting battles were waged between one table and another.

The proceeds from the Dance were donated to the Swinburne Memorial Fund.

—J.W., B.S.

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THIRD YEAR NOTES.

Despite our, girlish modesty, we must admit we've worked really hard this term. Yes, it's true. Why, everyone is breaking out in glasses —that's eye-strain. Nearly all have been driven purple by the Art Club. Some have turned blue, and others red, but that is merely by the way, depending entirely on the complexion and amount of work of the individual. This last exhibition, not more than half were late in with their exhibits, which just goes to prove the power that is now welling within us. Then we've worked hard on our sketches. Right through the year these have been our weekly Waterloo. Now, as the last term wanes, they have become almost a habit with us. W e can turn them out with as little thought (that's our trouble) as we would clean our teeth, or hang out the milk can, or feed the chooks. We've sketched everything. Mr. Tompkins' originality is stretched to the utmost to think of something new. The family chairs, chooks, drays, cows, cats, coats, horses, small boys, etc., etc., have already been done, and some clever ideas (along with some not so clever) have been brought along.

This term we welcomed back our mate with tears of Joy and sobs of Betty. Of course, after contact with the big world, it is inevitable that he should return jaded and slightly sophisticated, but, under the influence of our fresh, bright youth, he is fast losing that dissipated look.

W e wish Miss Moreton the best of times with

pupils in the* Junior School. W e only hope that Miss Hardess can like us as well as her last charges. 'Tis certain we're just as nice at heart, though sometimes it has been difficult to

penetrate our rough exteriors.

W e have been doing more individual work

this term than before. Some specialising in fashion plate, some in purely commercial work, some sticking to their craft, and one alone is spending her time on the preparatory work for the teachers' exams. A number of us have lately been busy on wash renderings from photographs, some choosing a snappy line such as Clara Bow, while others fancied something of sterner stuff—namely, T o m Mix or Alice White. From now on, however, all will be straining their brains, and muscles too, on posters advertising Wiltshires' Showcard Inks. There is a three guinea prize, and many have this thirstily in mind (though, of course, 'tis the Honour—the Honour alone that w e go for). It would take pages and pages, I admit, to really indicate to you our progress, so all must be in vain. Some of our number say they'll be leaving us, but take m y word for it, they'll be back next year. The fascination of the old school will prove too strong a magnet (though, I fear, the lack of jobs will be a large consideration). A h well! Let's hope for the best, and—what is more—let us try for it.

— J o y Waller.

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Note on the Art Page.

As explained in the previous issue, an arrangement has been made for third and fourth year students to have designs printed in the magazine, on payment of the cost of the blocks. This happy idea has already resulted in "The Open Door" printing two such sheets of drawings of artistic merit—one in the previous and a second in this issue. Contributors to the present sheet are: Misses B. Craven, M . Cohen, P. Crabbe, and P. Ryan.

— N a n c y Lewes.

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Here are a few facts about the Art School contributions to the Magazine that may be of general interest. In the first term, fifteen contributions from the Art students were accepted, and, in the second term, twenty found their

THE OPEN DOOR P a g e 1 I

K^nhrril

Drawings and Blocks supplied by the Students



way into "The Open Door," and, in the second term issue, the Editor, referring to the Art Section, stated of it: "Overwhelmingly good; but, unfortunately, too many on the same

subject." tfi tfi tfi

SECOND YEAR NOTES.

I have often wondered what purpose Form Notes really serve, other than informing students of already well-known incidents in their own class. I suppose it amuses them to see the account of the term's deeds in print. The instructor, also, probably gets a thrill while scanning his own particular form notes in search of any libellous remarks which may be aimed at him.

As these are supposed to be Form Notes, I might as well get on and relate a few exciting things which happened during the term.

W e commenced the term sadly mourning the loss of two of the leading (?) males of the second year, who have evidently abandoned our humble class for greater things. The loss was made up by the advent of a rather attractive blonde in a startlingly vivid red smock, which gave us added inspiration—pardon me, the blonde, not the smock.

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FIRST YEAR NOTES.

Overheard by a Bottle of Carter's White One Night in a Locker.

First Paint Brush: Well, I've been through a hectic day, and am thoroughly exhausted. The way m y owner treats m e is dreadful. She has been slapping m y head, full of paint, over her drawing in such a way as to make m y hairs all stand on end, and then she wonders why I go over the line. Such treatment should be immediately stopped.

Second P. Brush: Pooh! That's nothing. You should see the colours m y owner makes m e put on his designs. It absolutely makes a fellow feel off colour, especially paint. But never mind our grievances. Think of those poor fellow paint brushes of ours to-night in night-class. They are terribly over-worked. Why, this morning Percy Paint Brush was telling m e that all his hairs were falling out through worry

and old age. I know his doom is near. I'm sure I don't know how w e will be after these exams., but holidays are near, and we will have

rest then.

First P. Brush: Exams! W h y did you men

tion them? H o w — w h a t about scandal?

Second P. Brush: Well, nothing really has happened lately. The young artists have been on very good behaviour. But I think that a few of them, when occasionally stretching their limbs, would appreciate anyone's entrance into the room with a knock at the door. At times they feel slightly embarrassed.

First P. Brush: Yes, I shall see about that movement; it is very wise. By the way, isn't Willie a lucky little paint brush ? You know the fair fresher in the corner of the room. Well, she's a rare beauty, and Willie is being allowed to paint her designs for her. Some people have all the luck. But, anyway, let us try and get some sleep before those noisy night students return our fellow-men to their beds, and wake us up, of course.

— N a n c y Elvins.

tfi tfi S

WHAT DOES ART MEAN TO US?

As the year draws to a close, how many of us are looking back over its work and asking ourselves how much w e have benefited by it? Have we just skimmed over the surface of it, or have we given it the concentration and thought that it needs, and thus obtained something from it that has given satisfaction to our inner selves?

Art is a wonderful study. In what other way can the beauties of Nature be expressed? Nature is the most glorious creation, and no mind can be richer than that which is stored with the knowledge of its wonders. A mind which has fathomed Nature's depths, learned its secrets, adored its beauties, and revelled in its glories, cannot help but find some ray of happiness in all things.

Human Nature is unlike the Nature that surrounds us. The birds, the trees, the flowers, the radiant sunshine, all seem perfect to us, but with Human Nature there is always something to mar the most beautiful. Yet there are some characters that enter our lives as a ray of sunshine, always bringing help and inspiration. When we come to think of it, are they not true


ART SCHOOL hOTES (coninued)

artistic characters ? For the mind that possesses the art of seeing beauty in everything is the one which forms the unselfish and lovable character.

Art is the study of this wonderful Nature by which we are surrounded, and we Art Students, if we are putting our best into our work, and reaping as we have sown, should be the ones to help less fortunate people through the darkest parts of their lives, by our knowledge of the best and most beautiful in this world of ours.

— E . M. Grove.

THE OPEN AIR HIKING SONG.

(When glancing over this, will all readers kindly hum the words to the tune of "Mademoiselle from Armentieres" ? Provided you are alone, it sounds better this way. Remember it is a song, not poetry.)

Verse 1 and Chorus. We're girls and boys from Swinburne Coll.,

Swinburne Coll., We feel the deepest scorn for those at home

who loll, W e roam and explore the country side, And admire the scenery far and wide, We're the Hiking Club from Swinburne Coll.

Verse 2. W e set out from home in the early morn, early

morn, W e hope that none of our club were late and

left forlorn; You never can understand the joy That comes to every girl and boy, When the hiking spirit's in them born.

(Repeat Chorus.)

Verse 3. There's nothing so great on all this earth, all

this earth, As billy tea and battered mugs and shouts of

mirth, And shady tracks through tall young gums, With lunch time's call to empty turns, There's nothing so great on all this earth.

(Repeat Chorus.)

Verse 4. And then when the sun is sinking low, sinking

low, W e return with spirits high and all our hearts

aglow, For the day has been wonderful, free and so

bright, With merriment flowing from morn until night, And to the very next hike we all will go.

(Repeat Chorus.)

—"Betty and Joy."

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HIKING. The last hike for the year was made by

motor van, on Show Day, to Werribee Gorge, where a party of four and twenty spent an enjoyable day exploring the geological feature of the district. Thus the hiking club is coming to the end of its second year, and has proved a great success in many ways.

The success of these hikes, which consisted of one boys' and five combined hikes, was due, considerably, to the willingness of Mr. Lewis and Mr. Howells on the boys' side, and Miss Watts on the girls' side, to co-operate with the two committees, and to accompany us on such hikes. To them we say "thank you" for all their past kindness, and hope that they will be spared to help us to success in the future.

Also, as the year draws to a close, some of our enthusiastic members will be leaving us to do greater things. To them we wish the best of luck in' the future, and hope that we will see them at some of the outings next year.

O n those who are left will fall the responsibility of recruiting new members to carry on in the N e w Year. Remember hikes will commence as soon as possible after the commence

ment. Note:—The Annual Social and Dance will be

held in the Social Hall on Saturday, December 13th, commencing at 8 p.m. Admission, 1/1 H (supper). All members and friends invited. For further particulars see members of the committee.

—L.J.H.

No Joke. Diner: "What do you call this?" Waiter: "Mock turtle soup, sir." Diner: "Accent on the first word, I suppose."


THE OPEN AIR (continued)

SWIMMING A N D LIFE-SAVING.

(Continued from November Issue, 1929.)

Summary of Methods.

I. Half-arm movement (under water) simultaneous with leg drive in propulsion and recovery.

II. Full-arm movement (under water) alternating with leg drive in propulsion, and partly simultaneous in recovery.

III. Over-arm movement (out of water) alternating with leg drive in propulsion, and partly simultaneous in recovery.

IV. Leg action without use of arms, the hands may be lightly placed on the chest or hips, or held apart out of water above the chest as in first rescue hold.

V. Back-stroke crawl, alternate leg action in thrashing the water, and alternate arm action in propulsion, the recovery being made out of water.

Explanation of the Functions Performed in Leg and Arm Actions.

Leg Movements.

At the beginning and end of each stroke (viz., the beginning of recovery and end of propulsion—crawl method excepted) the legs should trail straight, and closed together.

From the trailing position commence the action of recovery by drawing up the legs with feet together, and, whilst the knees are gradually bending, they should be opened as wide as possible (endeavouring to keep beneath the surface of the water), thus allowing the heels and soles of the feet to come almost together.

This recovery part of the movement should be done slowly, to avoid the counteracting of the glide, owing to the retardation set up by the upper portion of legs in resistance to the water.

The semi-extension is then performed by a rounded side kick, forming a V-shape with both legs until they are comfortably wide apart and straight; this movement should be done fairly fast, and immediately followed by the extension or propulsion drive, which is done by a vigorous closing of the legs, thus producing an action of somewhat driving out towards the feet the wedge of water between the legs.

Regular and strong actions in each drive should result in a glide at least equal to the length of the swimmer's body, and the glide thus produced by these movements should be allowed to continue (as a pause) as far as possible before commencing the next drive.

The action of the legs in performing the crawl method of back-stroke differs entirely from the foregoing description.

This method is carried out with the legs parallel, and in line with the body, whilst the insteps are stretched and the toes slightly pigeon-toed.

In this position the feet function alternately, and in separate paths of movement, similar to two narrow elliptical curves, by an action of beating downwards and upwards with a succession of movements in thrashing the water.

The downward action is taken on an inward path, whilst the legs are relaxed by slightly bending the knees.

Thus it will be realized that the succession of movements acts like propellers.

Arm Movements.

The arm action will add impetus to the main impetus which is derived by the leg drive, according to the amount of sweep performed from the extended position of the arms to their closing in propulsion.

The action of the arms may be divided into two classes, viz., half-arm and full-arm movements which (with the exception of the overarm recovery) are performed just under the surface of the water.

Half-Arm Action.

From the position of arms lying straight and alongside the body, the recovery is made from the thighs by bending the elbows and gliding the hands up to the chest, so that a comfortable position is taken with both hands pointing towards each other, and with elbows straight out from the shoulders and parallel to the surface of the water.

The extension is then performed by turning the hands outwards from the shoulders, so that the palms grip the water; they are then fully extended sideways and downwards by a vigorous push of the water towards the feet, the movement finishing when the arms are brought beside the body.



Full-Arm Action.

In making the recovery the arms are brought up from the thighs, over the chest, and directly extended to their fullest extent beyond the head, so as to be in line with the body.

W h e n this extension is comfortably reached, the hands are turned, so that the backs are brought together, and the palms ready for the propelling stroke.

From this position a vigorous outward semicircular sweep towards the feet is made, thus returning the arms to the thighs and completing the arm stroke.

It will be realised this movement has greater propelling power than the half-arm movement.

Over-Arm Action.

The functioning of this method is similar to that of the full-arm, with the exception of the recovery made by the arms.

The recovery is made by lifting the arms from beside the body, and carrying them through the air in a semi-circular course above the body to an extended position beyond the head.

The hands are turned just before reaching the water to allow the thin edge to enter, thus bringing the palms into position ready for the stroke which is performed similarly to full-arm

action.

Crawl Stroke Method.

Separate action is made by the arms both in recovery and propulsion, the recovery being made by drawing each arm alternately backward from beside the hip, then carrying it out of water and reaching beyond the head in a relaxed manner; from this position the propelling sweep is made through the water until almost in line with the hip. Thus it will be seen that one arm is performing a propelling part of the stroke all the time.

Combined Movements.

Half-Arm.

In the combined movements of the half-arm stroke and leg drive, the recoveries of the arms and legs are made at the same time, and followed by simultaneous action in making the

propelling strokes.

Breathe in when making the recovery, and breathe out during propulsion and trail.

Full-Arm and Over-Arm.

The combined movements of the full-arm back-stroke commences with an arm movement, whilst the legs are trailing.

The recovery of the legs and arms are then made, the arms being carried either just under the surface of the water or through the air (over-arm) from the thighs to their extended position in advance of the head, and should reach this extended position just prior to the closing of the legs.

The legs are vigorously closed for the drive, whilst the hands are still forward in the water, as they are then in the best position for the gliding action.

The pull of the arms to the sides of the body is then made, whilst the legs are closed and

trailing. The whole of the body and limbs should be

in line at the finish of each stroke, and the impetus gained should be maintained in the trail before commencing the next stroke.

Breathing.—Inspiration should be taken when the arms are being carried up and extended beyond the head, and expiration during propulsion and glide.

Leg Drive Without Arm Action.

In effecting a rescue by means of the backstroke (which is often chosen from several



methods) the arms are engaged in supporting the patient, and consequently take no part in propulsion, therefore the impetus is entirely derived by strong and regular leg action in functioning the drive, which is performed as described for leg movements.

In an actual rescue, the leg action would operate deeper in the water.

In practice the hands may be held apart, above the chest to substitute the first rescue hold, or lightly placed on the chest or beside the hips.

To avoid restriction of breathing, the arms should not be folded across the chest.

Back-stroke Crawl.

Combined action consists of alternately thrashing the water with the legs, whilst each arm functions by separate action in being reached back beyond the head;

Immediately on reaching this position, the hands are dipped with the thin edge, and swept through the water towards the hips.

— W . F. McNamara.

THE BOYS JUNIOR SCHOOL

BATMAN HOUSE. With only a few weeks to go, we are in a

comfortable position—20 points ahead of our rivals. Our House cricket team has, been doing fairly well, although we have had but two representatives in the School team.

E. McKeon, who was a prominent member of our House, has left. E. Montigue was our star performer in the athletics, gaining 22J points.

Now, boys, the last term is in progress, and we must look forward to bringing home the Cup at the end of the year.

— S . Wellington.

COLLINS HOUSE. Here we are again, getting near the end of

the last term. Cricket has started, and we have a fair team, the backbone of the team being: Ivey (who is nearly as good as Duckworth with his "How's it?"), Wigley (who does a bit of a dance as he lets fly), Buchanan (who is nearly as fast as Fairfax). W e also did well at the Sports Meeting, Harris, Bunney, and Sturdy being the main representatives from our House. Chapman, Hodgkins, and Littlejohn can be well commended for gaining places in the School cricket team.

— B . Suffern.

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FLINDERS HOUSE. W e were unfortunate to lose the athletics

pennant this year, although we put up a very fine stand, only being defeated by 1 point.

In cricket we have also done well, having won the first three matches, leading by 12 points, with only 2 matches to go.

Once again we have supplied two champions in athletics, Packe being outstanding in under 16 events, and Ford registering a fine total under 14 years.

— A . Cunningham.


BOYS' JUNIOR SCHOOL (continued)

HUME HOUSE. The House came up to the expectations of

every member when it defeated Flinders for the athletic pennant. Hodder was again one of the champions (under 15), and Cadman, Mar-croft, Fallu, Brown, Barr, and Loy represented the House in other events. W e had four members in the School cricket team—Smith (capt.), Blenheim, Hodder, and Jenkins. In House cricket we did not fare so well, having only drawn two games, the stars of the team being: Pabst (capt.), Barr (vice-capt.), Clode, Stephens, Moncrieff, and Alkemade. As we have very little chance for the Cup, we will strive to win the progress pennant.

— S . S . and A.B. tfi

HENTY HOUSE. Since our last magazine issue, w e have im

proved our position on the list. W e have had moderate results at athletics, and have some budding champions in cricket and athletics in Frank Woodley and Bishop respectively. W e have Woodley and Collins representing us in the School cricket team, and,our best players in the House team are Heard, Kingston, Stone, Clow, McGrath, and Mitchell.

— E . Neve. tfi

LATROBE HOUSE. Latrobe—last year the most feared House,

both in sports and examinations—have badly failed, owing to the boys not having their old House spirit. At this time last year w e held five pennants, but now w e hold only one. The House cricket team has done moderately well up to now, having won two matches and drawn three out of the eight played. Three of our members were in the School football team, and two in the cricket team.

— J . Daly. tfi

WHEN SWINBURNE CAME TO BALLARAT.

Before w e went to Ballarat to bring the Cup back home,

Our dashing speedmen trained a-nights like men of ancient Rome.

That eve, our champions in their beds a peaceful night did pass;

So in the morn again w e strode across the dewy grass.

Then on our way down to the train w e went with merry* smiles,

And many a gay song did w e sing as the train reeled off the miles.

We had no fear of Working Men's, and we had no fear of Brighton;

But in our "togs" of black and gold, nobly did w e fight them;

Then "Geordie" Packe did sprint away and left the rest amazed,

For never had they seen him speed or such a big dust raised.

Our flying jumpers cleared the sticks until no one was left,

And judges standing round about of all sense were bereft.

We had a really gay time there, and when we'd finished up,

W e gazed upon the scoring-board and found we'd won the Cup!

Then our delight—it knew no bounds! W e gave a hearty cheer.

W e filled the "pot" with water, and pretended it was beer!

Then on our homeward journey, w e let our war-cries ring,

And when we got to Spencer Street w e sang "God Save the King." —Harold Hardupp, Percy Pawnticket.

Very Depressing.

Workman: "As I've just got married, sir, I'd like you to raise m y pay."

Boss: "Very sorry, but I a m not responsible for accidents contracted off the works."

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"Howlers."

State what you know of the parents of Jonah. — H e hadn't any. H e was brought up by a whale.

tfi

Nota Bene.—This is an American expression which is equivalent to the English "penniless."


2S3CZSSZ SPORTING.

2rE Athletics.

The Annual Sports Meeting held at Glenferrie Oval proved a very successful one. The Girls' Junior School competed for the first time, and, judging from the interest taken, a greater number of events will be arranged for them next year. The House competition for the

J.T.S. ATHLETICS TEAM Winners of "Winner" Sporting Globe Cup

Back Row—L. Marcroft, Mr. A. Green, P. Hodder, R. Lamprell, C. Bunney, J. Ryan, A. Cuningham, Mr. L. Wilson,

N. Sturdy Front Row—L. Bishop, F. Harris, G. Packe, E. Montigue,

R. Ford, T. Robbins

athletic pennant was very keen, and the last event decided the winner by one point. The final results were: Hume, 67 points; Flinders, 66; Collins, 65; Henty, 48J; Batman, 36J; and Latrobe, 17. The champions proved to be: G. Packe, under 16; F. Hodder, under 15; R. Ford, under 14; and L. Bishop, under 13. Some very good times were put up in the sprints, and the jumps were satisfactory.

The team selected to represent the School at the Combined Athletic Meeting at Ballarat was: Under 16—G. Packe, Montigue, Cunningham, Ryan, and Bunney; under 15—F. Hodder and F. Harris; under 14—R. Ford and Sturdy; under 13—Bishop, Robbins, and Marcroft. The team proved such a wonderful combination that it won the "Sporting Globe" Cup by 10 points

from Brighton, and scored a total of 46 points. G. Packe (16) won the 100 yds. in the excellent time of 10 3-5 sees., the 440 yds. in 56 sees, (breaking the previous record by 1 4-5 sees.), and the 880yds. F. Hodder (15) won the 100yds. in 10 4-5 sees; Harris (15), the high jump; Ford (14), the 220yds. and 2nd 100yds.; Sturdy (14), the high jump; Bishop (13), high jump (4 ft. 5i in.), and 2nd 75 yds.

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Cricket. Mr. A. Green has taken the position of coach

for the second round of matches since Mr. Timpe left for England. In the first round, the other teams proved too strong, and our position at the end of the round was a hopeless one. The aim, therefore, in this round is to build up a team of first and second year boys, so that next year's team should be a very strong side.

In the first match of the second round South Melbourne (99 runs) defeated Swinburne (27 and 33).

J.T.S. CRICKET TEAM Back Row—Mr. A. Green, R. Jenkin-, F. Hodder, L. Gibbs J. Daly, H. Lannan R. Chapman F. HodZkins, Mr. L. Wilson Front Row—F. Woodley, R. Ford, R. Littlejohn, S. Smith,

H. Collins, L. Houghton, H. Blenheim

Second match: Working Men's College (171 runs) defeated Swinburne (82 runs) on the first innings.

The third match: Swinburne (119 runs) defeated Footscray (54 and 67 runs). Chapman made 32 runs and took 8 wickets for 32 runs.

Two matches remain to be played—Collingwood and Caulfield.


S P O R T I N G (continued)

House Cricket. With only two rounds to go, Flinders House

will retain the cricket pennant for this year. The scores are: Flinders, 28; Hume, 16; Batman, 16; Collins, 14; Latrobe, 12; Henty, 10.

tfi The Boanas Cup.

The progress scores for the Cup are: Batman, 472; Flinders, 449; Hume, 406; Collins, 397; Henty, 305; Latrobe, 293.

TECHNICAL SECTION.

THE HYDRAULIC RAM IN EVERY-DAY LIFE.

This apparatus was invented about 100 years ago by a Frenchman named Montgolfier. It is one of the most durable and efficient machines for raising water to a greater height than the source of supply.

The utility, simplicity, and small cost of this form of automatic pump for country homesteads does not appear to have been fully recognised, if one can judge by the number of places in the country where water is carted up-hill from streams or springs, while such sources of supply could be made suitable for the installation of a hydraulic ram, and thus provide a constant supply of water for domestic, stock, and garden purposes.

By means of the ram, the energy stored up in a large quantity of water falling through a

Supply

small height ("H") is utilised to raise part of the same water to a greater height ("h").

If "H," the vertical height of supply above the ram, is 2 feet, then one-twelfth of the water that is supplied to the ram through the drive pipe ("S" in Fig. 1) will be lifted to a height ("h") above the ram; but it is not advisable to use such a low head as 2 feet where a greater fall is obtainable. The greater the supply head ("H"), the higher water will be lifted by the action of the ram; but the higher the lift, the less the amount lifted and discharged.

The efficiency varies from 3 0 % to 6 0 % , and the general formulae for efficiency is: — where Q = quantity of water supplied in qh cubic feet per second.

q = quantity discharged in cubic feet per second.

H = head of supply in feet. h = head of discharge in feet.

A diagrammatic view (Fig. 1) of a simple form of hydraulic ram is given to illustrate the machine and the principle upon which it acts.

The ram works in successive pulsations by a kind of water-hammer action, depending on

rZ-~-

Storage Tank

Snifter

D.

Air Vessel

Delivery Va/ye'^^--^, ̂ \ opened by I m p a c t ^ ^

Fig 1

Retention Valve

EV L Weighted'Escape Valve * j closed by Impact

R y w


TECHNICAL SECTION (continued)

the intermittent starting and stopping of the column of water in the drive pipe ("S").

The water, under pressure of the head ("H") in the drive pipe, flows into the ram ("R"), and, by its momentum, closes the weighted escape valve ("E.V."), thus cutting off escape of water.

This sudden closing of the escape valve arrests the motion of the water in the pipe, and there is an increase of pressure in "R," which causes the delivery valve ("D.V.") to open, and allows an inrush of water into the air vessel ("A"), which compresses the air in the upper part of the vessel, forming an elastic cushion.

The impulsive or hammer action of the water in the drive pipe and ram being thus expended, the escape valve falls and allows water to once more escape. The cycle of operations is then repeated, more water being forced into the air vessel. The air compressed in the air vessel now expands, closing down the delivery valve ("D.V."), and, by its expansive force, driving a certain amount of the water contained in "A" up delivery pipe ("d").

A retention valve ("K") is placed on the delivery pipe to prevent the return of water into the air vessel during the following pulsations of the ram.

As the air in the air vessel tends to be gradually absorbed, a snifting valve ("M") is placed in the neck of the air vessel to allow admission of a "snift" of air during each pulsation of the ram, thus keeping the air vessel charged with air.

It is most important to make sure that the pipes and valves of the ram are of the correct dimensions. The drive pipe should be straight, and have an even fall to the ram; the length about three-quarters the height ("h"), and not less than 20 feet. For low heads up to 6 feet, the length should be from eight to ten times the supply head ("H"). The diameter of the delivery pipe should be about half the diameter of the drive pipe, and the volume of the air vessel equal to one and a-half times the volume of the delivery pipe.

The escape valve is a weighted valve, on which the efficiency of the ram largely depends.

The following formulae gives the correct weight

of the valve: — a x H x L

W = 500

where a = area of escape valve in sq. inches. H = head of drive pipe ("H"). L = length of drive pipe in feet.

W = weight of valve in lbs.

To start the ram, depress the escape valve, and then let it go, and the machine will immediately begin to work, and continue to work automatically without attention, or even oiling, for years, until stopped by some accident or by the wearing-out of one or both of the valves. Of course, the supply of water must be maintained, so that the drive pipe is always kept

full.

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THE COINAGE OF GOLD.

Whilst all the world is in an economic frenzy, public attention is being increasingly directed to our gold production and the use of this precious metal as a medium of exchange.

As gold in its natural and available states is, of course, unsuitable for evaluation and transport, it must be transformed to facilitate both. For this purpose, the Melbourne branch of the Royal Mint was established in 1872.

Gold in its natural state varies considerably in external appearance, structure, and fineness. It is of interest to note the percentage of fine gold in samples from the following localities: — Victoria, 9 5 % ; Queensland, 8 5 % ; Yukon, 7 0 % ; New Guinea, 6 0 % . (N.B.—These figures are approximate only.)

In addition to the above, however, discarded jewellery is available in appreciable quantities, and much gold is received as such. Despite the variation in their initial forms, the deposits of gold, after treatment, all assume the same appearance. The precious dust won by the aged fossiker from mountain stream finally merges with the coppery metal which was the joy of the idle rich and the heart's desire of the working poor.

The method of refining employed by the Royal Mint is the chlorination process, developed by Mr. F. B. Miller, of the Royal Mint, Sydney.


TECHNICAL SECTION (continued)

Briefly, the principle of this method is that, while silver and base metals are readily converted into their respective chlorides, gold remains intact. If chlorine be introduced into the metal when in a molten state, the silver chloride m a y be retained as a slag, whilst the chlorides of the base metals, being volatile, will be given off.

By an analytical process, the fineness of this gold is obtained, and is usually found to be about 9 9 J % . The gold is then alloyed with the requisite amount of copper to form bars of standard gold, which consist of 11 parts of gold to one part of alloy. These bars are then rolled to the required thickness, and blanks are cut from them.

Standard sovereign weight is approximately 4 oz., and variation from this figure is limited by law to one-fifth of a grain. Consequently, the blanks must all pass over automatic balances, which will reject those which do not comply with this specification.

After being annealed, the blanks pass under the presses, which, by exerting a pressure of about 50 tons, give to the coins their actual

impression.

The manufacture of the coin now being completed, the sovereign ceases to be a scientific problem and becomes an economic one.

Even from this brief resume of the process, it will be seen that accurate methods and scientific workmanship are essential to the satisfactory maintenance of this branch of His

Majesty's service. — R o y Weeks.

The King's Pardon is what people apply for

if they have triplets.

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Edward the Martyr got his name because he was killed when he was not ready.

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Mars is so far off that it would take a million years to walk there in an express train.

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A therm is a germ that creeps into the gas meter and causes rapid consumption.

Grey sea lapping stolidly slow, Grey clouds hanging dull and low, Grey world sulking down below:

Desolation.

A golden shaft breaks through the grey; A gayly leaping, cheering way; A dumb heart warms to God's own way:

Consolation. —Betty Stephens.

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M I S T A K E N IDENTITY: A N O U T P O S T AFFAIR.

This is a story of one of those strange lapses to which many of us are prone—-when we confuse the familiar with the strange, the real with the unreal. It tells how, in spite of this, I was able to save what was perhaps a valuable life —though I am not sure if it was so valuable; but, at any rate, I saved m y own peace of mind and good name.

M y squadron of the 8th Light Horse Regiment was quartered at the time of these events at Sheblanga, an Egyptian village on the Cairo to Port Said railroad, among the green fields of the Nile Delta, not far from the town of Ben-ha.

Several days before—on M a y 17th, 1919, to be exact—we had been disturbed in our post-. Armistice calm at the Base Camp of Moascar, where we were awaiting embarkation orders to return to Australia.

The Egyptian Nationalist rising had come to a head, and many cases of murder, arson, riots, and armed insurrection had taken place in various centres, and troops were being despatched in all haste to quell the disorders which were likely to spread amazingly unless

scotched quickly.

Demobilisation ceased, and no more of us were to be sent home till we had "mopped up" the rising, and we were anxious to finish the business without ceremony.

2 T H E O P E N D O O R

JINALECTA (continued)

So we drew our war gear again from the Quartermaster's Stores, where it had all been greased and stored in readiness for the next war—so we had jocularly said when we had handed it in some months before. W e drew out the rifles and heavy bandoliers, the Hotch-kiss and Vickers guns, the grenades and the bully beef and biscuits, the saddlery and swords. W e picked out fresh nags at the Remount Depot, and got on the warpath again, with much grousing and grumbling and dire threats against "the niggers" for spoiling our home-going with their rotten politics—although not a few of us were secretly glad to have something more exciting to do than hanging round the Base Camp watching the days pass.

W e passed through Tel-el-Kebir and Zag-a-zig. At Zag-a-zig the 9th Light Horse were having a lively time keeping order in that hotbed of revolt. At Minet-el-Gamh the 10th Light Horse had "had a go" with an armed mob near the railway station the night before we got there, and several buildings were gutted and smouldering. W e were getting warmer. O n the third night we reached the village of Sheblanga, and camped for the night on the railway station, intending to push on to Ben-ha the next day.

Sheblanga is divided by the railroad. On one side of the line lies the Christian (Coptic) quarter, on the other the Mohammedan quarter.

About sundown a distraught Copt rushed wild-eyed into our camp with an urgent tale to tell the C O . about a mob of about seven hundred men, most of them armed with firearms of sorts, who were a few miles out in fields, .waiting for darkness to come before sacking and burning the Christian quarter.

This was nice news for us, as we were about eighty strong all told; but we reckoned ourselves equal to it.

The squadron slept fully dressed, with loaded rifles alongside. I was put on listening post. I was the spearpoint of a line of sentries thrust out about half a mile in the direction from which the attack was expected, and, in case of alarm, we were to pass back the word to the sleeping squadron; then we sentries were supposed to rally at a given point and fight a vanguard action until the rest were sufficiently awake to come to our assistance.

I was posted near the end of a wicked-looking cactus hedge that ran in man-high from the surrounding fields, and extended for as far as we could see in the fitful moonlight. It was wonderful cover for an approaching horde, who, if they were quiet about it, could get to within a hundred yards of where I was before making their final rush.

The guard sergeant planked m e down behind an insignificant bush, wished m e the best of luck, told m e I'd need to use m y ears even more than m y eyes if I didn't want m y throat cut, and warned m e not to go to sleep! Not likely; I was never so wideawake in m y life before.

After an hour or so of staring and listening as I lay flat down behind m y little bush, I got that way that I was "seeing things," and the very bushes that had been innocent enough earlier were starting to move and creep nearer. In this state of mind, it was somewhat of a relief to at last establish positively that I could see a crouching white figure moving slowly along the cactus hedge—the first of the approaching mob, I concluded. I shut m y eyes and calmed myself; then opened them to take a rational look—and the white cloak had crept some yards further down the hedge; I was quite certain this time, and with certainty came a welcome coolness of mind to fortify me.

I decided that it was no use m y yelling the alarm to the sentry behind m e in the chain, as I would only draw fire from that hedge, and that m y safest course would be to wait till I could get one clear and certain shot at the leader, then empty m y magazine into them rapidly, and bolt back for m y life.

The mooii, which had been quite clear for some time, now played m e a scurvy trick by going behind a cloud just as I was "drawing a bead" on the spot where the leader must presently emerge into the open.

I waited impatiently for the moon to shine again: I could see m y target move clear of the hedge and hesitate a few yards from it; but m y rifle sights were blurred, and I must have the moon to be sure of him. M y finger ached on the trigger, and m y eyes twitched. I cast a quick glance above, and saw the moon's edge was just appearing.

In five seconds now. M y finger closed and took the "first pressure." I held m y breath for


JINALECTA (continued)

the final squeeze, and steadied the sights down on him, a short hundred yards away.

I don't know whether it was m y ears or m y eyes that saved me. At that critical instant I heard an unmistakeable "baa-aw" in a throaty baritone, and simultaneously realised that m y sights were drawn on nothing more disturbing than a grazing billy-goat!

Oh! well for m e that shot was not fired, or an aroused and startled squadron would have made m e "the goat" for months after.

The night passed without trouble; either the Copt was lying, or the mob had been warned of our presence, for we heard no more of them, and next day we moved on to take up our allotted outpost stations along the railroad.

— M a x . R. Johnston.

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SHIPS IN DOCK.

0 sleeping yachts that, calmly nodding, lie Within this drowsy, sun-soaked river dock, I would that you forsake your gentle rock, Unfurl your snowy wings into the sky To breathe a bracing wind, to swiftly fly O'er sparkling seas, to dip, and lap, and knock The rising wave to spray. Oh! feel the shock Of freezing spray, and hear the seagulls' cry! What joy to cut the wave, to rise and fall, To breathe the strong sea-scent and race the

wind! The joy is yours; but there you idly sleep And waste (as many men, life's sweetest call) A day of glory, breeze, and sunshine kind— A wasted day: a day for Time to reap.

—"Damon."

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Vasty and yet more vast Are the hidden issues of life. As moths we beat with our wings Toward the light. And great is the joy of man As far before him shine Vistas of hope undream'd For the after-time.

— N a n c y Lewes.

A TEACHER'S L A M E N T .

They look quite wise When a buzzer flies, Or the chalk snaps, Or a blind flaps, Or a wise-crack Gets his own back; But often they're otherwise.

—Nancy Lewes.

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COLOUR IN MUSIC.

[Note by the Management.—This article is published, not because we wish to subscribe to the views expressed, but because of the arresting viewpoint of the writer.]

There is rhythm in art, there is rhythm in sound. They are closely connected, and each can express the other. This is well known.

There is depth of tone both in music and art, but these are harder to connect. There is colour in art; but is there colour in sound?

I doubt there being colour in sound, but I doubt not that there is colour in music. It is not so hard to feel either rhythm or depth of tone in music. I do not think that the tone values of music appeal to anyone as merely black, grey, or white. Is it not more attractive, more suggestive? Rhythm and tone combine in both music and art to form a mental impression, which may be expressed as a picture in lines (rhythm) and masses (tones). But what relative in music has colour? Is it not melody and harmony?

The same outlines and masses—in other words, a picture or design—may impress one as • being gay and brilliant in one colour scheme; but immediately the impression may be changed by altering the colour scheme. Colour is, then, the source of feeling. It satisfies the emotions suggested by rhythm.

In music let us have a certain theme of varying tone qualities. The impression may be placid, contented, serene. Transpose to another key the identical theme, and the impression may be vastly altered, possibly to a quality of mournfulness, weirdness, despair. The colour is altered.

The first idea of colour in music came to me by playing quickly the chromatic scale.

4 T H E O P E N D O O R

JNALECTA (continued)

What did it suggest ? Merely a gradual increase or decrease in tone? No; it suggested a rainbow: the gradual blending of one colour into another.

I do not mean that each note has a different colour, but that the chromatic scale itself, as a whole, suggested the rainbow. I do not think any one note has a definite colour; but I do think a series of sounds, any musical theme, has colour.

It is practically hopeless to start giving examples, as there are so many. But, taking the first piece in which I sought colour— Ktissner's "The Evening Hour," in the key of F major—I found it to be an essentially brown harmony, with variations of yellow, green, vermilion, and purple.

Although, of course, the key is allied to the colour harmony, there is not much similarity between this and other selections in the same key.

It is neither the single notes nor the key that determines definitely the colour. It is rhythm, tone value, and the peculiarity of the harmony of the piece that unite to form the complete impression of the selection in a coloured design of varying depths of tone. Colour cannot be separated from tone or rhythm.

As it is not the rhythm of each single bar that one takes into account in drawing one's "picture" impression, nor the lowness of pitch of one single chord in determining the depth of tone, so it is not the sound of one note or chord that determines the colour, although the repetition of an accidental would possibly suggest a variation in the colour scheme.

In conclusion, I say that it is not the first or even the first half-dozen times of hearing a selection that I have decided the colour of it. It is familiarity that breeds intimacy-—and suddenly, unexpectedly, the whole range of colours appears to the mind.

— A . L .

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RAIL v. MOTOR.

Recently we were asked to write an essay on Rail Transport versus Motor Transport. I consider that rail transport is much more con

venient and economical. W e could not do without our railway system.

In the first place, railways were considered an absolute necessity for the development of the country, and it cannot be said that they have failed in their task. Victoria has a wonderful network of railways, of which w e can be justly proud. Wherever there is country worth developing, the rail is there to help, thus assisting the primary producer. The railways are developing the backbone of the State by transporting the products of the primary producers, who are an absolute necessity to the growth of the State. U p to a year or so ago there was no real difficulty in railway finance. W h y are the railways not paying their way at present? Is it not because the motor transport is preying on the railway system? Can motor transport do what the railways have done? Take wheat transport, for instance. Australia's crop this year is about 60,000,000 bushels— roughly, \\ millions tons. It would take over 300,000 5-ton trips to transport the wheat. Again, say Melbourne's firewood supply is 500,000 tons yearly (a very low estimate), it would mean another 100,000 5-ton trips. These alone prove that the rail is necessary. The motor transport is only taking the "cream"; but this "cream" is necessary to the railway to balance the low-grade goods. The motor should help the railways by further developing country districts which do not justify a railway service. In fact, it would pay the railways to finance the motors to do this.

— E . Jones (Girls' Junior School).

ENGINEERING SCHOOL GENERAL.

Last term closed with that ever-popular event, the Social and Reunion. Some forty Old Boys renewed their impressions of the old place. The innovation of last year of seeking outside aid for entertainment was repeated this year with marked success. It is a pity though that the present day student is so diffident of showing his ability in this direction.

This term marks the parting of the ways for the valiants of the third year. W e wish them


ENGINEERING SCHOOL (continued)

success in their finals, and good fortune in their future activities.

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THIRD YEAR CLASS NOTES.

It is obviously appropriate that the Mechanical Section should write the last class notes of the third year, in order to disperse any illusions that may have been produced by the idle boastings and disrespectful attitude of the Ditch Diggers.

A brief while ago we were astounded to discover that there existed in the third year an electrical student (?) by name "The Dark Shadow," which surprising cognomen possibly explains his former obscurity. He achieved notoriety by almost amputating his thumb; an operation he performed with surprising ease and matchless stupidity.

The mechanicals, however, were not to be outdone in this respect.

Within the month an unfortunate student was laid low by the favourite weapon of our notoriously famous knife-thrower.

It is now deemed advisable for students having their lunch in the gardens (a place of unique attractions) to attend with their overalls.

Since this will probably be our only opportunity, we desire to thank our instructors, both past and present, for the great interest they have taken in us, and the numerous services they have performed for us during the period of our sojourn in their midst.

W e hope, also, to demonstrate in the forthcoming examinations that their zealous and skilful tuition has not been in vain.

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SECOND YEAR NOTES. Dear Editor,—

A m writing this early, as m y time will soon be taken up trying to master all the marvellous notes I have collected during the year. I find it difficult to read some of them, but whether that is m y fault or the fault of those who gave them, I leave to you.

There are many things we would like to know.

W h y are permanent waves popular in

"mechanical" circles, with the showcases as mirrors ?

W h y does a certain "conveyance" always break down?

W h y are "sideboards" still in fashion? W h o is it who borrows students' slide-rules? Have you heard of Carter's Theorem to the

effect that a Frustrum is a Frustum that has had its growth frustrated?

Did you know that in Geometry we are becoming amateur detectives?

A m much worried about the exams. Hoping you're the same,

— A . S . tfi

REVISED VERSIONS.

Time and Tide and Assembly wait for no man.

A rule in the hand is worth two in another's locker.

Rest when you can, in the third term.

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LECTURES. Speak, breathe, discuss; brief, short, quick,

snap. —Merry Wives of Windsor.

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SENIOR SCHOOL ATHLETICS. The Annual College Sports were held on the

Glenferrie Oval on October 3, in ideal weather. The senior students contributed some eight events, particularly good times being made in the sprints.

It was pleasing to note among the competitors, an evening student, Swainger.

The results were as follows: 100 yards: 1, Rolland; »2, Spears; 3,

Swainger. Time, 10 1/5 sees. 220 yards: 1, Rolland; 2, Spears; 3, Lewis.

Time, 23 3/5 sees. 440 yards: 1, Lewis; 2, McNaughton; 3,

Pryor. Time, 60 1/5 sees. 1 mile: I, Lewis; 2, Pryor. Time, 4 min. 58

sees. Hish jump : I, (5ft. 4in.) Giltinan; 2, Madi

gan; 3, Swainger and Ledgerd. Long jump: 1, (18 ft. 11 ins.) Spears; 2,

Herbert; 3, Madigan.



Hop, step, and jump: 1, (38 ft. 11 ins.) Herbert; 2, Spears; 3, Swainger.

Weight putt: 1, (30 ft. 11 ins.) Spears; 2, Wilson; 3, Herbert.

In the Championship Events, Madigan was given a "walkover."

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FIRST YEAR NOTES.

In number w e are twenty; twenty hard workers well fitted to carry on the traditions of the School. W e "willingly" work on till 5 p.m. several days per week. W e are not sure who will be the most surprised when the examinations are over and the results are out.

In sports w e are equally effective. In the recent Athletic Meeting Rolland gained two firsts, whilst Spears secured two firsts and three placings. I think w e made a mistake in giving Madigan a walkover in the Championship.

Our sympathy goes out to the absent member of our class whose finger is now suffering for his misplaced curiosity.

W e understand that there are objections in some quarters to our "musical" studies on Tuesdays and our chemical "warfare " later in the week. That just shows that some people's "senses" are not tuned to the beauties of higher education.

BY T H E W A Y O.E.S. N O T E S .

O n Monday evening, October 6th, at the invitation of Messrs. Staley & Staley, members paid a visit of inspection to their hosiery mill in Brunswick, and were able to view the manufacturing processes being carried out with the modern machinery comprised in the plant. The evening was most profitably spent, and all were appreciative of the arrangements made by the firm for our benefit.

O n Wednesday, 12th Nov., the Tenth Annual Dinner of the Association is to be held, and, being the celebration of the first decade of the

Association, it is expected that a large and representative gathering will be present.

Extract from letter received from Ronald P. Begg, old Engineering D ay Student, from Empire Hotel, Queenstown, Tasmania: —

I a m at present engaged on the design of a new ore treatment mill, which includes a large steel elevated ore bunker, which feeds from an overhead railway running on a steel trestle bridge approximately 50 feet high. This bunker supplies the crude ore to a large conical crusher, which in turn delivers the ore to a 30-inch belt conveyor some 300 feet long, and thence to many finer crushers and classifiers, and finally to the flotation process of collecting the various metal compounds, which are eventually conveyed to the smelters or the hydroelectric baths.

The work is intensely interesting, and very good experience in structural, mechanical, and electrical work should result. The drawing office is the most modern in which I have worked, being replete with all the latest appliances, a fine reference library, and a modern electric blue-printing machine and photographic reducer. The company treats the staff excellently, and w e work only a little more than six hours per day.

The surrounding country is exceedingly rugged, and the town is completely surrounded by mountains which are entirely devoid of vegetation, due to the old method of smelting, which gave off sulphurous fumes. There is no trouble in this direction now, as all fumes are treated in the furnace.

The population of Queenstown is about 4000, and unemployment is practically unknown. The wages paid by the company amount to about £8000 per week. The company has its own hydro-electric plant, which has a capacity of 8000 k.w. There is a tunnel some 1i miles long running horizontally right through the mountain, and this tunnel is served with a railway using electric locomotives, which haul ore-trains from various shafts sunk from the top of the mountain.

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OLD IRONSIDES. You want to know all about last year's third

year? Ask Griff. H e will probably say they were the cause of



his numerous grey hairs, also the loss of a good old briar. But it is sufficient to say, there will never be another like them, and it is useless to try to imitate them. They were unique. N o w for their present activities, serious and otherwise.

Trib., our most esteemed idiot, is now combining pleasure, profit, and a little meter reading, much to the astonishment of Mornington residents.

Podger, after becoming thoroughly conversant with the nether regions of electric light poles, is now an expert on panoramic views.

Bill, presumably studying at the University, has discovered that good lubrication is essential to efficient (?) working, whilst his colleagues, Proff and Lock, regard things seriously—the former calculating ways and means of making his "baby" self-supporting.

Lid, after discovering the secrets of successful tea-making, is now at his retreat in Collingwood, while Pen has now discovered a kindly feeling for the old school which he never suspected in past years.

Grubby is negotiating for command of the forces in opposition to Big Smoke, whilst Pansy, in the guise of a man of leisure, still persists in giving more attention to dress than address.

Alio and Tehan are holidaying in the country. G.W.R., our juvenile associate, is climbing the

ladder of fame where ladders are prevalent. M a n y prominent members of the S.E.C. are

becoming nervous of the rapid but radical calculations of one of our fraternity; his name needn't be mentioned.

— L o g 2.

Killing a man in cold blood means killing him when he is dead.

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False doctrine means giving people the wrong medicine.

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Copra is a native policeman. tfi

A grass widow is a grasshopper that has no husband.

NIGHTLIGHTS WHY WE GO TO SCHOOL.

The question: " W h y do you still go to school?" is so often asked of us poor evening students, that we get a little tired of it, the more so because no one seems to have evolved a really satisfactory answer.

Ask any "Nightlight" a question such as: " W h y does a chicken cross the road?" or " W h y is a brass rail placed on the floor around the bar of an hotel?" and you will immediately get a bright, snappy reply. But ask an advanced evening student: " W h y do you go to school?" and all that will result is a shrug of the shoulders, and perhaps an "I dunno." So difficult a question, therefore, deserves some consideration.

One old fellow suggested that after a few years, going to night school became a hab t. N o w a habit, to m y way of thinking, is something harmful in effect, and I defy anybody to prove that we suffer any physical or moral detriment through attending Swinburne. "No, sir! It is certainly not a habit." The other day a sweet young thing with a charming smile said: "You must like going to school." Like going to school? Like—Well "Oh! yes; w e D O like going to school, our instructors are so kind, and have such funny faces." True, a few teachers try to be humorous, but do people really imagine that we think it funny when, after puzzling for hours over an obstinate survey problem, we find that the question has been wrongly set? Personally I prefer a front seat at the Tivoli.

Other folk infer that we have nothing better to do, and so pass the time away by attending school. Nothing better to do than plot efficiency and horse-power curves, or endeavour to prove stodgy old theorems on a clear, bright, moonlight night like this, when all our thoughts are with Phyllis on the foreshore? O h ! must I point out that students, although an untidy-looking lot of creatures, are human, and are fully conscious that they are only young once in a lifetime?

No one will dispute that going to school has its practical advantages, and that knowledge is no ill store, as witness the fact that only last month young Jim Juggings obtained his first start


NIGHTLIGHTS (continued)

in life at a well-known local store solely due to the fact that he knew that 14 ozs. went to the pound. Such a smart lad should go far in this world. But at evening school we study all manner of subjects, and learn all sorts of things, most of which we promptly forget until the moment arises to apply our knowledge. These occasions, however, occur at the most unexpected times; for instance, while crawling along the Prince's Highway on "Blitzen" m y "Bitzer," the other afternoon, I suddenly found myself confronted with the arm of the law, and things certainly looked blue until I was able to prove to m y own satisfaction the truth of that well-known mathematical formula: L.s.d. + x3 — (PC) 2 when x3 = X X X (Carlton). Again, in the engineering profession one

meets with many unexpected problems, and, on being required to determine the force necessary to raise a sunken barge, found myself all at sea until I suddenly recollected the Principle of Archimedes in elementary physics, which, in schoolboy simplicity, implies: "When any body gets into a bath he gets lighter."

It should be clear to anyone from the above examples that it is only because of the practical knowledge and advice so useful to us in our various daily toils that the same familiar faces are to be seen night after night, week after week, year after year, going to school, and not because we like it. As a further illustration of m y argument, only last week in Grade III. "Wangles," a nervous Nightlight, on being asked the reason for his absence from the previous weekly class, mumbled, "P-p-pIease, sir, I g-got married," and was told in a cold, severe voice, "Don't let it occur again." Can anyone question the truth of the helpful, practical advice offered by this sympathetic instructor?

— S i g m a Pi Theta.

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THE ART OF DRAWING.

N o w there was gathered together in the place called Swin., after the sun had set, multitudes of young men from far and near, that they might consult the Oracles regarding many things.

Some would have knowledge of the planets

in their courses, and of the manner of creation of this, our earth, and some would inquire into the miracles of alchemy, and more would seek

an understanding of figures and signs. And some among the multitude would have

taught unto them such skill with the pen and with the pencil that, having knowledge of some thing, they might take parchment sheets and draw figures thereon, whereby others m a y obtain such knowledge of this thing that, by the cunning of their hands, they might bring it into

being. And they therefore provided themselves with

pens anc] pencils, and with compasses and squares, and with an eraser—this last being most necessary, for it is a truth that of all that

is put on the parchment, the greater part must be taken off again.

Not having this wish in their hearts, some were sore distressed when he, from w h o m they would learn this skill, did require of them that they should take a parchment sheet and set down thereon all the characters of the alphabet in various fashions, saying: "Are we not wanting to know of the making of drawings for the good of engineers, and not for the writers of signs?" And it was told them that it was meet that they should learn how to write in this manner on the parchment, so that when a drawing had been made there should be written upon it a title, stating the manner of thing that was drawn—frequently a most necessary proceeding.

Having mastered this art of writing, there must then be known all things concerning nuts. N o w nuts are nasty nodules, for there are so many ways that they m a y be wrongly drawn.

N o w an object being set up, it must be known in what manner it may be looked at—from this side or that, from above and below—and it is strange that one object m a y have so many shapes; and each to be set down on the parchment in its proper place by the principles of projection. This being done, it is seen how needful is the title to tell what manner of object these shapes do represent.

The greater part of a year being spent by the young men in the making of drawings— some many, and others few—and, perchance, having come by some knowledge of the art, they are required to show of their knowledge to the Examiner, the arbiter of their destinies.


NIGHTLIGHTS (continued)

N o w the young men are congregated together at the close of the year, and the Examiner sets before each of them a sketch which might be called a poor relation of a drawing. Then the young men have to guess, each according to his imagination, what object this sketch suggests to his mind, and has to make a drawing of it. If the Examiner be well pleased he will write P.C., and if he is only satisfied will write P, and if he is not satisfied

W e all have hopes for the best.

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CARPENTRY.

Hello, boss! Want m y little bit about the carpenters? Right you are. Where's George, did yer say? Oh, 'e's left. Taken up cabinet-making or something. Eh ? Yes, that's right— corfins. Reckons there's more in it these times o' depression. Yes, yer've got ter do sommink these times, though I'd sooner make cradles meself. Talking about depression, now. It doesn't look much like one here, does it, with all these lads 'ard at it ? I reckon they show good sense, I do, getting ready and expert for when the good times come. And they're coming, I can tell you. Just to show you, I met a Scotchman the other day what wanted ter lend m e 'arf a note. I expect it must'a been a bad un, though.

But I'm not telling yer much about the carpenters like, though I've said a lot. Well, the only think I can think of is ter mention our Social on November 25. Quite sociable like it will be, too. Yer didn't come to our last one? Well, yer missed yer money's worth.

Tom, Tom, the piper's son, Stole a kiss and away he run; But the girl sued Thomas For breach of promise— Period, semi-colon, dash, two commas.

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She didn't dance, she didn't sing, She never showed a shapely knee;

She thought the jazz a foolish thing— She did, for she was eighty-three.

The girls of the Junior School regret the long illness of their Headmistress (Miss Eyles), and all would be pleased to hear of her complete recovery, and would, I a m sure, welcome her return to the School. Miss Gilpin, who is taking Miss Eyles' place during her absence, is capably upholding her position.

The departure of Miss Hardess, the Art teacher of the Girls' Junior School, to the Senior Art School, at the end of the second term, was regretted. Her position has been filled by the appointment of Miss Moreton, of the Senior Art School, who is popular with us all.

FORM A.

As our school days are drawing to an end, we are all thinking of the examinations which arrive far too quickly for us all.

W e desire to express our gratitude to Mrs. Swinburne for allowing us the use of her tennis court on Friday afternoons.

W e are highly privileged in being invited to the reunion, which is to be held on November 16th, where we will meet our old schoolmates, and enjoy ourselves.

W e are again having an Open Day, when our parents and friends come and see us at work, and thus form an opinion of our School.

The twelve girls in our form are a happy band, and are wondering who will win the tennis tournament this year.

Under the supervision of Miss Moreton, our new Art teacher, w e are progressing favourably.

Our Head Prefect, A. Higham, is a great help to the School, and is very capably filling her position.

School life, though a good thing, cannot last for ever, and w e are preparing ourselves for "fresh fields and pastures new," with knowl-


GIRLS' JUNIOR SCHOOL (continued)

edge that we still remain part of The School through the S.O.C. — F . A. Jones.

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ROSES. As I look from m y window at eve and at morn, Such a sweet perfume floats to m e over the

lawn; The perfume of roses, so rich and so rare, And long does that perfume pervade the clear

air.

Roses—the red, yellow, pink, and the white— They are homes of the fairies, so dainty and

light; When the stars are above us in heaven's bright

floor, Then out dance the fairies through a magical

door.

No star in heaven e'er shines as fair, As the roses which grow just over there; They speak of things above the sky, They tell of angels up on high.

At dewy dawn, rosebuds breathe sweet prayers, And birds fly out, whistling fantastic airs ; And I think of the Father, up above, W h o gave us the roses to prove His love.

—Dorothy Giraud (Girls' J.T.S.)

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FORM Bl. W e have been surprised by the revelation

that our bright spark rises in the* early hours of the morning, from 3 o'clock to 5. The thought of rising at such an early hour makes us feel quite faint. In this early rising, we think that we have discovered the source of her very brainy (?) efforts during class, and her "musical" efforts at the piano during the lunch-hour. W e are all working hard for our Junior Technical Certificate, as we have been told that we will not be allowed to sit for it unless we are capable of getting through. This caused great consternation amongst the slackers, and they are working hard to pull up into line. At the house sports, we are very much afraid that some of us forgot to be young ladies, as we lifted up our "soft, gentle, and low" voices to excited cries, as the representatives of our favourite house gained a fresh victory.

What a Surprise!

O n walking up Burwood Road one day I was surprised to see a labourer with a pick over one shoulder and a shovel over the other walking unconcernedly along. No, it was not his walking, or his pick, or his shovel, that surprised me. It was a baby's comforter hanging from his back trouser pocket!

— R . S . (Girls' Junior).

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B2 FORM NOTES. As form contributor, I have been requested

by some of m y form companions to ask if the poker is the best way in which to kill a rat. Some people seem to think so. W e girls are striving hard to obtain higher percentage for the Junior Technical School Certificate (which is to be held in November) than the Bl girls.

O n Friday, October 3rd, we were invited by the Boys' School to attend the School sports. The invitation was accepted, and the various events enjoyed.

Ruth Bishop, a girl in B2, competed against numerous girls in a foot race. Ruth won her race, bringing praise upon herself for her effort.

Our tennis and volley ball tournaments are now in full swing.

At the end of each year the Girls' Junior School holds a party, and invites the children from some "home" to attend it. W e are sure that the girls will not fail to enjoy and carry out their share of entertaining the visitors.

The Talk of the Term. Surprised! Well, w e girls are! W e have

never been so surprised since we came to Swinburne, as when we heard that we had been asked to join in the School sports on October 3rd, 1930. This is a record date in the annals of the Girls' School, for never, as far as we know, have the boys been paid such an honour as to have the girls attend their sports.

Evidently the Staff of the College have only just realized what a drastic mistake they have previously made.

The only drawback is that the poor boys may feel quite nervous when they know they have to run with the girls of Swinburne watching them. But they will have to get used to such embarrassing moments as these.

— R u b y Whitelaw.


GIRLS' JUNIOR SCHOOL (continued)

OBSERVATIONS AND EXPERIENCES OF FIRST YEAR GIRLS.

Teachers inform us that they extract much amusement from our composition papers. I fear they are depriving the Government of the Entertainment Tax.

W e recently discovered that a man who is— "Captain of m y heart, And master of m y soul"

is modernly called a "bachelor." I guess we have caused many a sad heart to

weep, during singing period, over our pathetic songs. They would bring tears to the eyes of a potato.

At needlework, strengthening tapes are leaving us weak and exhausted; our intelligent brains refuse to work, our spirits are damped, and our young lives are being wrecked. W e turn our bodies into queer angles in our efforts to hem, and totally ruin our beauty and figures. Ugh! All over strengthening tapes! I declare it is tragic.

I a m sure the boys will be jealous when they learn we can make our own frocks, but the Metric System is causing us to writhe in pain.

Next year w e will be proud second years, and, having had more literary experience, hope to be able to amuse you with our "Form Notes."

— R a y Sicree. tfi

CI FORM NOTES. Our form wishes to greet you once again, as

we are in our last term. "Exams, ahead!" is now the chief thought of CI.

At present we are preparing for the Open Day. W e have girls doing maps, and different things, which make us proud of our form. It is open for our mothers to criticize us, but we hope they won't be too severe, at least at home.

Community singing is thrilling us now. W e are sure it must bring tears to people's eyes to hear us sing "The Old Folks at H o m e " and "Ole Black Joe."

W e were sorry to lose Miss Hardess, our Art teacher, and hope that she is happy with the senior students. W e are sure that we have done our best to help Miss Moreton (her successor). The Art room, being our room for flowers, has looked very well all through the

term, but, as flowers are plentiful, it makes decoration work easier. This year has been a very happy one for CI girls, although we would like to consult Mr. Green about the brooms, as they have rickets and are going bald.

tfi

C2 FORM NOTES. Form C2 are very much alive to work. Tak

ing the pupils' word, work is progressing, but, as to teachers . . . .?

The first rounds of all games in "Sports" competition have just been played off.

The girls of our form arranged a picnic, to be held in the near future, but the girls dwindled down to merely half a dozen !! !

W e shall all have to draw back our hair and use our brains for the coming exams., in the hope of beating CI.

— M a r y Heath. tfi

"ALONG THE ROAD OF HARDSHIPS." W e didn't ever strike much gold, m y ole grey

mate an' me, But always was the life we led, the best life,

which is free. W e 'ad our dreams, an' they were g o o d —

bright rainbow dreams were they; The dreams that surely seemed to shout, "Cheer

up, there'll come a day." Chaps 'round about us used to strike the metal

good an' strong; In fact, it seemed to Bill an' m e they never

could go wrong. But not for us was any find; our luck was

counted o u t — Of that, there wasn't, I can swear, one simple

clod of doubt. W e used to nearly starve at times, but Bill 'ad

various ways Of getting that four-footed food which some

times forward strays, An' we 'ad good potatoes, too, an' cabbages an'

such A lot of useful garden stuff that sometimes

counts for much. Yes, they were 'ard, them olden times gone

through by Bill an' me, But 'ard against the 'ardness was the fact that

we were free. —Irene Burke (G.J., S.T.C).

THE OPEN D O O R

; HOMECRAFT

Tea Cake.

Half lb. flour, salt, 2 level teaspoons cream of tartar, 1 level teaspoon carbonate of soda,

2 ozs. butter, 4 ozs. castor sugar, 1 egg, 1 gill

milk.

Grease a large sandwich tin. Sift flour, cream of tartar, carbonate of soda, and salt. Beat

egg. Cream butter and sugar. Add egg gradu

ally, beating well. Add flour. Mix until smooth. Put in tins and bake in a moderate

oven 30 to 40 minutes. Reduce temperature after ten minutes. When cooked, remove from

oven, brush with white of egg, and sprinkle with cinnamon and sugar.

Gingernuts.

Eight ounces flour, 1 teaspoon ground ginger, 4 ozs. butter, 1 teaspoon baking powder, 4 ozs. sugar, 4 ozs. syrup.

Sift the flour, baking powder, and ground

ginger. Rub butter into the flour, add the

sugar, then the syrup. Mix to a stiff dough. Roll out thinly on board. Cook in a very slow

oven.

Cheese Toast.

Two hard-boiled eggs, 4 ozs. grated cheese,

1 oz. butter, J teaspoon salt, mustard, pinch of

cayenne, slices of buttered toast.

Put yolk of egg in basin, and mash until

smooth with a wooden spoon. Add butter, cheese, and flavourings. Mix well, and spread on buttered toast. Put under griller for two to three minutes until slightly brown. Serve at once on a hot dish. Garnish with parsley.

M O T O R BREVITIES. "Bill's got sacked." "Waffor?" "Missed a pedestrian."

COMMENTS.

"Silas Hayseed."—You have merit. Try a satire on school life.

"Z."—Poem not consistent. "Damon."—Many thanks. Please keep

going. "Sermon in Stone."— Rather trite. "A.R.P." and "Getting U p in the Dark."—

Cannot repeat. See last issue. Second Year Art Notes.—Regret having to

i* . »*

cut. "What custom wills."—Regret refusing. Boys' Junior.—Where are your literary con

tributions ? "Engineering Day."—See Boys' Junior. "This Wonderful Century" and "School Girls'

Likings."—No name. Try again. "Early Bird."—Too verbose. "How W e Beat the Favourite."—Try again

with something original. "Practical Work."—Impractical. "Modern Transport."—Deferred.

TO CONTRIBUTORS The increasing number of individual contributors to these pages indicates the value of the magazine as a means of stimulating self-expression. As only practice produces style and presentation interesting enough for publication, and even then the event may be deferred through redundancy of subject matter or pressure of space, contributors need not be discouraged if their efforts do not appear in print. So peg away.

STOP PRESS. Sporting Item.

J. Endersbee (an evening student of S.T.C.) was successful in winning the Martin Medal as being the best and fairest player in the League Sub-District " B " Grade football teams. He secured eight votes out of 14, which is unique. He also won the Cup from the Darling Football Club.

COUPON. "The Open Door." November, 1930 COMPETITION.

COUPON. "The Open Door." November, 1930

SERVICE or ENQUIRY.

COUPON. "The Open Door." November, 1930

SERVICE or ENQUIRY.

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