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9 th Grade- SAT PREP: Reading and Writing Proficiency Lessons and Activities (January 3-13) Section 4: Spelling

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Spelling Importance of Spelling Steps to Improve Your Spelling The ability to spell is a basic skill, closely linked to reading and writing. Good spellers are usually better readers and writers than those students who have weak spelling skills. Spelling is a prominent component of standardized tests. 1. Always try to spell words correctly. 2. Use a dictionary if you are not sure of a words spelling. 3. Learn to spell long words by syllables. 4. Learn basic spelling rules. 5.Learn the meanings of homophones. Knowing the meanings will help you to use and spell them correctly. 6.Learn the meanings of easily confused words, such as desert and dessert. 7. Pay attention to tricky words that are often misspelled. 8. Keep a notebook of words you have trouble spelling. 9. Always proofread your writing carefully for spelling mistakes. 10.If you are using a computer, use spell check. 11. Always study for spelling tests. (strategies) 12. When you find that you have spelled a word incorrectly, study the correct spelling and try to memorize it.

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Basic Spelling Rules I 1.For words with ie and ei: When the sound of a word is e, spell the word with ie, except after c. Examples (e sound): brief, piece, relieve; Examples(except after c): perceive, ceiling When the sound of a word is not e, spell the word ei. This is especially true if the sound is a. There are exceptions to the rules above: either, friend, weird 2. For adding s and es: An s can be added to many words without a spelling change. Examples: car-cars, walk-walks For words that end in ch, s, sh, x, or z, add es. Examples: church-churches, genius-geniuses, box-boxes 3. For most words ending in f or fe: When adding s or es, change the f to v the Examples: wife-wives, loaf-loaves There are exceptions to the rule above: roof-roofs, chief-chiefs 4. For most words ending in o: If the o follows a vowel, add s to form the plural. Examples: radio-radios, rodeo-rodeos If the o follows a consonant, add es to form the plural. Examples: hero-heroes, potato-potatoes

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Basic Spelling Rules II 5.For most words ending in a consonant and y: Change the y to i before an ending that does not begin with i. Examples: lady-ladies, try- tried 6. For most words ending in a vowel and y: Keep the y when adding an ending. Examples: stay-stayed, employ-employing 7. For most one-syllable words that end in one vowel and one consonant: Double the consonant when adding an ending that starts with a vowel. Examples: thin-thinner, glad- gladder, run-running 8. For most two-syllable words that end in one vowel and one consonant: Double the consonant only if the accent is on the second syllable. Examples: begin-beginning, refer- referred 9. Irregular nouns defy spelling rules when changing from singular to plural forms: Some irregular nouns change their form. Examples: mouse-mice, goose-geese, ox-oxen, child-children, man-men, woman-women Some irregular nouns have the same form when they are singular or plural. Examples: deer-deer, sheep- sheep, moose-moose **The best strategy for spelling the plurals of irregular nouns is to learn the plural forms, and consult a dictionary if you are unsure.

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Finding the Correct Word I 1. Gregs mischievous nature _____ his teachers. Escasperates, exasperates, exaspirates, exasparates 2. Rochelle _____ over 50 friends to her pool party. Envited, invitid, unvited, invited 3. According to the _____, the temperature was -3 this morning. Thermometer, thermoneter, thermomiter, termometer 4. After watching the movie about an alien _____ of Earth, Teri suffered nightmares for a week. Invashun, invasion, envasion, innvasion 5. Tom always found math to be _____ and difficult. Abstrack, abstrak, abstract, abstractk 6. Carissas ambition is to be a police _____ someday. Detektive, detective, ditective, detective

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Finding the Correct Word II 7. Only certain kinds of wild mushrooms are _____. Edable, edibel, eddible, edible 8. After working just two weeks, Brad realized his job _____ with his school work. Interfered, interferred, intafered, interfared 9. Because of the confusing directions, Shawna found the requirements for the science project to be _____. Beweldering, biwildering, bewildering, bewilderring 10. The thunderstorm, with its brilliant lightning, powerful winds, and deafening thunder, was one of the most _____ in memory. Vilent, violent, violunt, vilant 11. The guest speakers _____ about mountain climbing came from his personal experiences. Knowlege, knoledge, knowlidge, knowledge 12. The members of the committee for preserving open space in the town reached a _____ over the sale of the forest land. Compromise, comprimise, compromize, compremise

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Finding the Correct Word III 13. The plane ______ through the clouds on its landing approach. Desended, decended, descended, discended 14. The strange little man claimed to an _______ of Mars. Inhabitent, inhabitant, inhabatant, inhabiten 15. Evacuating the islands residents before the storm on such short notice was an _____ problem. Enormous, enormus, enormas, inormous 16. Because of its reputation for _______, Jason was surprised when his new car would not start. Reliability, realibilty, relyability, reliabilty 17. The firefighters _________ the danger and rushed inside the building to search for people who may have been trapped. Ignord, egnored, ignored, iggnored 18. Even though Tony had just filled the cars tank with gas, the fuel _____ indicated that the tank was almost empty. Gage, gague, gaige, gauge

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Finding the Correct Word IV 19. All of the students felt Mrs. Santiago was an excellent teacher, and they held her in high _______. Esteem, esteam, esteme, estheem 20. The puppy enjoyed __________ the ball. Retreving, retreeving, retreveing, retrieving 21. In ______ for the dance competition, Allie practiced three hours each day. Prepairation, preperation, preparation, prepiration 22. Because she had misplaced the sales _______, Charlene was unable to return the sweater for a cash refund. Receipt, receit, receept, reseipt 23. Until the opening of the new mall, the local shops had enjoyed a _______ in the valley. Monopoli, monopoly, munopoly, monapoly 24. Trying to get ready for the season opener, the coach put the team through several _____ practice sessions. Vigerous, vigarous, vigorous, vigorus

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Finding the Correct Word V 25. Jennifer was the only student in her homeroom to have perfect _____ last year. Attendence, atendance, attendance, attendanz 26. Connor was proud of himself for doing his own laundry, until he realized he had forgotten to add _________. Detergent, ditergent, detergant, datergant 27. The leaders of the colony believed they had _______ resources to last through the winter. Sufficent, sufficient, suficient, sufficeint 28. Gold is considered to be a ________ metal. Presous, preshus, pracios, precious 29. Before Tamara can begin her job as a lifeguard, at the community pool, she needs to be ________. Certafied, certified, sertified, certifide 30. Because they are able to speak both English and French, many Canadians are _____. Bylingual, bilinguel, bilingual, bilingal

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Finding the Correct Word VI 31. The reception was to ______ follow the wedding service. Immediately, immediatley, imediately, immedetialy 32. Melanie felt honored that her classmates ______ her to represent them in the Student Council. Nomanated, nomimated, nominated, nomonated 33. Only a small percentage of ______ causes disease in humans. Microboes, mycrobes, microwbes, microbes 34. Taylor found chocolate ice cream ________. Irasistible, irresistible, irresistable, iresistible 35. Nikki is a ________ athlete; she excels at several sports. Versatile, versitile, versitle, versotile 36. The Better Lunch Committee designed a _______ to find out what kinds of lunches students preferred. Questionaire, questonnaire, questionnaire, questoneer

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Proofreading for Misspelled Words I Find the 10 misspelled words in the paragraphs below. Some people who enjoy reading have dificulty finding books they like. If you are one of these indeviduals, the following information may be helpful. Before silecting any book to read, think about your intrests. What do you like to do? What hobbies to you have? How do you like spending your time? What kinds of TV shows and movies do you watch? For example, if you are a person who likes action, you should consider adventure stories. If you like comedies, you might like humerous books. Or, if you like love stories, picking a romance is probably a good choice. Once you find a book you like, you should consider similar books. If you come to enjoy the writing of a particuler author, try other books he or she has written. You will probably enjoy these books, too. You can also find great books by reading book reviews in newspapers and magazeens. Many Sunday editions of newspapers have entire sections devoted to reviews. Browzing in the library or bookstore is yet another way to find books to read. Dont hesatate to ask your librarian if he or she knows of any facinating titles. It may take a little time to obtain books that you will come to love. But be assured that they are available, just waiting for you to find them.

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Proofreading for Misspelled Words II Find the 10 misspelled words in the paragraphs below. On the morning of May 20, 1883, Krakatoa was a seemingly peaceful volcanic island in the Pacific Ocean, located between Java and Sumatra. The only known eruption, which had been a moderate one, had occured in 1680. On May 20, however, one of the islands volcanic cones became active. The activity subsidid by the end of the month, only to begin again on June 19 and continue on and off through much of the summer. This activity gave no hint as to what was to come. At about 10AM on August 27, the island blew up. The explosions, heard over 2,000 miles away in Australia, are thought to be the loudest noise ever heard. It is estamated that the force of the explosion was 100 megatons, about five times more powerful that the first atomic bombs. The dust, smoke, and ash that were propeled into the sky blocked the sun and blanketed the region in darkness for two days. Huge masses of floating pumice and debre were so thick that ships could not navegate through the nearby waters. While a great amount of island was literaly blown to bits, much of the remaining land sank below the ocean, triggering a tsunami (tidal wave) that reached 120 feet in height. The wave crashed into nearby islands, washing away costle towns and villages and killing 36,000 people. The originel Krakatoa had an area of about 18 square miles. After the catastrophy, the island was reduced to about six square miles.