PEDRO RUIZ GALLOUNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL

FACULTAD DE

MEDICINA HUMANA

BREAST CANCER

PROFESSOR : DRA. ROSA GONZALES LLONTOP

PEDRO RUÍZ GALLONATIONAL UNIVERSITY

HUMAN MEDICINE FACULTY

GROUP N° 09

STUDENTS: BALLENA RÁZURI, LUIS ANDRÉ. CORONADO VIDARTE, KRISTIAN ALBERT. DÁVILA DÍAZ, JOB JOEL. SALINAS GUTIÉRREZ , CINTHYA MARILIA. SUYÓN DELGADO, MARÍA ALEXANDRA. YONG CADENA, HUGO ALBERTO.

BREAST CANCER FACTS• 2nd leading cause of

death

• 2nd most common cancer

• All women are at risk

• Incidence increases with age

HOW IS THE BREAST DESIGNED

The breasts sit on the chest muscles that cover the ribs.

Each breast is made of 15 to 20 lobes.

Lobes contain many smaller lobules

Milk flows from the lobules through thin tubes called ducts to the nipple.

The nipple is in the center of a dark area of skin called the areola

TYPES OF BREAST CANCER

Ductal Carcinoma

Originate in ducts that carry milk to nipples.

If cancer confined to duct = in situ (DCIS)

If moved beyond duct = invasive or infiltrating

Usually found on mammogram

Lobular Carcinoma rare

WHAT CAUSES BREAST CANCER

Breast cancer is always caused by a genetic abnormality

However, only 5-10% of cancers are due to an abnormality inherited from your mother or father

Gender• Female (1% males)

Race• More common in whites

Age• Increases as a woman gets

older.Relative• Mother or sister

RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER

Menstrual history• Early on set late menopause

Childbirth• First child after the age of 30 or

having no children at all

Obesity

Diet • Fat and alcohol

Lack of physical activity; stress

RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER

Radiation Exposure

History of cancer• Breast, uterus, cervix, ovary

Hormones• Estrogens in Hormone

replacement therapy and Birth control pills.

Genetics • Certain conditions that are

inheritated

RISK FACTORS FOR BREAST CANCER

SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER

A persistent

lump of thickening

in the breast or

armpit area.

Changes in the colour or skin of the

breast,areola or nipple(e.g. dimpling,puck

ering or scaling)

A newly retracted/inv

erted(pulled in

nipple)

SYMPTOMS OF BREAST CANCER

Early breast cancer may not have symptoms.

Blood or discharge from the nipple.

A change in the size or

shape of the breast.

DIAGNOSIS OF BREAST CANCER

PREVENTION BREAST CANCER RISK FACTORSTHAT CAN BE CONTROLLED

All women are

at risk

Obesity Exercise

Breastfeeding Alcohol

HormoneReplacement

Therapy

Not having children

SCREENING FOR BREAST CANCER

A Good Breast Health Plan

A• Self Awareness (Monthly Self

Exams) (BSE)

B• Clinical Breast Examination

(CBE)

C• Mammograms

SCREENING

riz

• Average-size lump found by woman practicing occasional breast self-exam

• Average-size lump found by woman practicing regular breast self-exam (BSE)

• Average-size lump found by first mammogram

• Average-size lump found by getting regular mammograms

BREAST SELF EXAMINATION (BSE)

A

• Opportunity for woman to become familiar with her breasts

B

• Monthly exam of the breasts and underarm area)

C

• May discover any changes early

• Begin at age 20, continue monthly

WHEN TO DO BSE ?

A

• Menstruating women- 5 to 7 days after the beginning of their period

B• Menopausal women -

same date each month

C• Pregnant women –same

date each month

D• Takes about 10 minutes

E• Perform BSE at least • once a month

F• Examine all breast tissue

BREAST SELF- EXAMINATION

• Raise one arm, then the other , so you can check under your arms for lumps

• Squeeze the nipple of each breast gently between your thumb and index finger

• Look at your breasts while standing in front of a mirror with your hands on your hips

• Lie down and use your hand to examine your left breast1 2

34

WHY DON’T MORE WOMEN PRACTICE BSE

FearEmbarrassment

YouthLack of knowledge

Too busy, forgetfulness

Clinical Breast

Examination

Performed by doctor or trained nurse practitioner

Annually for women over 40yrs

At least every 3 years for women between 20 and 40 yrs

More frequent examination for high risk patients

MAMMOGRAPHY

X-ray of the breast

Has been shown to save

lives in patients 50-69

Data mixed on usefulness for patients 40-49

Normal mammogram does not rule out possibility

of cancer completely

should have a MAMMOGRAM every

year

Women (asymptomatic) 40 years of age and older

TREATMENT FOR BREAST CANCER

Surgery

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Hormonal Therapy

SURGERY

• Lumpectomy

• Modified Radical Mastectomy

• Radical Mastectomy (rare) Reconstruction

BREAST RECONSTRUCTION

Pre and Post Expander and Implant

Pre and Post Tissue and Implants Combined

As a adjunct to surgery

depending on stage of

cancer

Radiation Therapy

Chemotherapy

Hormonal Therapy

MYTHS & FACTS

Touching the breasts too often will lead to cancer

Talking about cancer causes cancer

Using illegal drugs causes cancer

Herbs cure breast cancer(uña de gato/cat’s claw)

MYTHS & FACTS

A bruise on the breast will lead to breast cancer.

If an incision is made during breast cancer surgery,the cancer will spread.

Getting too many mammograms leads tobreast cancer.

Mammograms are only used to evaluatebreast lumps.

MYTHS & FACTS

Breast cancer only affects older women

If you have a risk factor for breast cancer, you're likely to get the disease

Using antiperspirants causes breast cancer.

A breast cancer diagnosis is an automatic death sentence.

Breast cancer is preventable

THANK YOU