8 th Grade Do Now 11/17/2011
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Transcript of 8 th Grade Do Now 11/17/2011
8th Grade Do Now 11/17/2011• Essential Question – How can determine the phenotypes
for multiple alleles?• Objective –
– Identify what controls the inheritance of traits in an organism
– Explain the relationship between chromosomes and genes.
– Complete dihybrid and Punnett Squares to determine the traits of a genetic cross.
• Homework – Complete Solving Dihybrid and Complex Monohybrid Punnett Square Problems 1 – 6 and 8-11
• If you need help, please look at my website under Punnett Square tutorials for assistance.
• Do Now – Take out your vocabulary words and your Punnett Square Activity Packet and study it for five minutes.
YOU ARE HAVING A QUIZ TODAY!!
Finished with your quiz?
• Turn it into your class period bin.• Pick up Complete Solving Dihybrid
and Complex Monohybrid Punnett Square Problems pages from the front table and staple them in order.
• Begin reading pages 330 – 333• DO NOT TALK UNTIL EVERYONE IS DO NOT TALK UNTIL EVERYONE IS
FINISHED WITH THE QUIZ!FINISHED WITH THE QUIZ!
8th Grade Do Now 11/18/2011• Essential Question – How can determine the phenotypes
for multiple alleles?• Objective –
– Identify what controls the inheritance of traits in an organism
– Explain the relationship between chromosomes and genes.
– Complete dihybrid and Punnett Squares to determine the traits of a genetic cross.
• Homework – Complete Solving Dihybrid and Complex Monohybrid Punnett Square Problems 1 – 6 and 8-11
• If you need help, please look at my website under Punnett Square tutorials for assistance.
• Do Now – Do you think it is possible to use a Punnett Square to
determine more than one allele combination?
Gene InteractionsSolving Dihybrid and Complex Monohybrid Punnett Square Problems
Monohybrid Crosses• Up to now we have been doing
monohybrid crosses
RR Rr
Rr rr
R r
R
r
Dihybrid crosses• A dihybrid cross in involves studying
the inheritance of two traits simultaneously
• Mendel invented the dihybrid cross to determine if different traits, such as seed color and seed texture, were inherited independently or if they were somehow “linked” to each other
Law of Independent Assortment
• When gametes are formed, the segregation of one gene pair (the Y’s) does not affect the segregation of the other gene pair (the R’s)
YyRr
(yellow, round)Y = yellow
y = green
R = round
r = wrinkled
YR
yRYr
yr
These are the 4 gametes that can be made from this parent
You can also use the FOIL method!
Solving the Squares• Cross a green, heterozygous
round parent with a heterozygous yellow, heterozygous round parent
• yyRr X YyRr
yyRr X YyRr
1
9
5
13
2
10
6
14
3
11
7
15
4
12
8
16
yyRr X YyRr
yR
yr
yr
yR
yryRYR Yr
YyRR
YyRR
YyRr
YyRr
YyRr
YyRr
Yyrr
Yyrr
yyRR
yyRR
yyRr
yyRr
yyRr
yyRr
yyrr
yyrr
Phenotypes1 9
2 10
3 11
4 12
5 13
6 14
7 15
8 16
Phenotypes1 Yellow round 9 Yellow round
2 Yellow round 10 Yellow round
3 Green round 11 Green round
4 Green round 12 Green round
5 Yellow round 13 Yellow round
6 Yellow wrinkled 14 Yellow wrinkled
7 Green round 15 Green round
8 Green wrinkled 16 Green wrinkled
To find the Genotypic Ratio
• Write down all possible allele combinations.
• Count how many of each combination.• If you wanted to find the fraction put that
number over 16. (Reduce if necessary)
The Genotypic Ratio =2 YyRR : 4 YyRr : 2 Yyrr : 2 yyRR : 4 yyRr : 2 yyrr
yyRr X YyRr
yR
yr
yr
yR
yryRYR Yr
YyRR
YyRR
YyRr
YyRr
YyRr
YyRr
Yyrr
Yyrr
yyRR
yyRR
yyRr
yyRr
yyRr
yyRr
yyrr
yyrr
To Find the Phenotypic Ratio
• Write down all of the possible phenotypic allele combinations– For example:
– Yellow and Round
• Count how many of each combination there is.
The Phenotypic Ratio = 6 Yellow round : 6 green round : 2 yellow wrinkled :
2 green wrinkled