““Tobacco”Tobacco”

77thth Grade Health Grade Health

February 16February 16thth, 2010, 2010

Chapel Hill 7Chapel Hill 7thth and 8 and 8thth Grade Grade CenterCenter

The Effects of The Effects of Tobacco UseTobacco Use

Key Points:Key Points:•Describe the harmful substances Describe the harmful substances contained in tobacco and in tobacco contained in tobacco and in tobacco smokesmoke

•Examine the harmful effects of tobacco Examine the harmful effects of tobacco use on body systems.use on body systems.

•Analyze the harmful effects of tobacco, Analyze the harmful effects of tobacco, such as physical, mental, social, or legal such as physical, mental, social, or legal consequences.consequences.

Tobacco Use –Tobacco Use – A Serious Health Risk A Serious Health Risk

Surgeon GeneralSurgeon General #1 cause of preventable disease and #1 cause of preventable disease and

death in the United Statesdeath in the United States All tobacco products must carry warning labelsAll tobacco products must carry warning labels

Avoiding Avoiding allall forms of tobacco can forms of tobacco can prevent many serious health prevent many serious health problems.problems.

NicotineNicotine Major reason users find it difficult to quit Major reason users find it difficult to quit

is that tobacco contains an is that tobacco contains an addictive addictive drug. drug. a substance that causes physiological or a substance that causes physiological or

psychological dependence.psychological dependence.

All tobacco products contain All tobacco products contain nicotinenicotine.. The addictive drug found in tobacco leavesThe addictive drug found in tobacco leaves

Nicotine is classified as a Nicotine is classified as a stimulantstimulant.. A drug that increases the action of the central A drug that increases the action of the central

nervous system, the heart, and other organs.nervous system, the heart, and other organs.

Cigarette Smoke – Cigarette Smoke – A Toxic MixtureA Toxic Mixture

Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) classified environmental tobacco (EPA) classified environmental tobacco smoke, or secondhand smoke, as a smoke, or secondhand smoke, as a Group A Group A carcinogen.carcinogen. Most dangerous type of carcinogen.Most dangerous type of carcinogen.

Carcinogen:Carcinogen: Cancer-causing substance.Cancer-causing substance. Cigarettes = 43 known carcinogensCigarettes = 43 known carcinogens

Cyanide, formaldehyde, & arsenicCyanide, formaldehyde, & arsenic Also contains poisons found in:Also contains poisons found in:

Insecticides, paint, toilet cleaners, antifreeze, Insecticides, paint, toilet cleaners, antifreeze, rat poison, and explosives.rat poison, and explosives.

TarTar Cigarette smoke contains Cigarette smoke contains tar.tar.

Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco Thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burnsburns

What does tar do?What does tar do? Destroys Destroys ciliacilia

Tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways and Tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways and protect against infectionprotect against infection

Damages the Damages the alveoli/air sacsalveoli/air sacs Absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxideAbsorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide

Destroys lung tissueDestroys lung tissue Makes lungs less able to functionMakes lungs less able to function

More susceptible to emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and More susceptible to emphysema, bronchitis, pneumonia, and cancer.cancer.

Carbon MonoxideCarbon Monoxide

Colorless, odorless, and poisonous Colorless, odorless, and poisonous gasgas Taken up more readily by the blood Taken up more readily by the blood

than oxygenthan oxygen

Increases risk of high blood Increases risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, and pressure, heart disease, and hardening of the arteries.hardening of the arteries.

Harmful Effects of Harmful Effects of Pipes and CigarsPipes and Cigars

Cigars contain significantly more Cigars contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes.carbon monoxide than cigarettes. 1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes1 cigar = 1 pack of cigarettes

Pipe and cigar smokers = increased Pipe and cigar smokers = increased risk of developing cancersrisk of developing cancers Lip, mouth, & throatLip, mouth, & throat

Harmful Effects ofHarmful Effects ofSmokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco

Smokeless TobaccoSmokeless Tobacco Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held Tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held

in the mouth, or chewedin the mouth, or chewed

NOTNOT a safe alternative to smoking a safe alternative to smoking

Contains nicotine and 28 carcinogensContains nicotine and 28 carcinogens

Delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to Delivers both nicotine and carcinogens to the body at levels that can be 2-3 times the the body at levels that can be 2-3 times the amount delivered by a single cigarette.amount delivered by a single cigarette.

Smokeless Tobacco Smokeless Tobacco Continued..Continued..

8-10 plugs of smokeless tobacco each day8-10 plugs of smokeless tobacco each day Same amount nicotine as a 2 pack-a-day Same amount nicotine as a 2 pack-a-day

smokersmoker

Causes Causes leukoplakia.leukoplakia. Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the Thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the

inside of the mouth that can develop into oral inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer.cancer.

Cancers of throat, larynx, esophagus, Cancers of throat, larynx, esophagus, stomach, and pancreasstomach, and pancreas More common among smokeless tobacco users.More common among smokeless tobacco users.

Health Risks of TobaccoHealth Risks of Tobacco Nervous systemNervous system

Increased risk of strokeIncreased risk of stroke

Respiratory systemRespiratory system Coughing or “smoker’s hack”Coughing or “smoker’s hack” Increased risk of emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic Increased risk of emphysema, lung cancer, and chronic

bronchitisbronchitis

Digestive systemDigestive system Increased risk of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, Increased risk of cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx,

and esophagusand esophagus Increased risk of gum recession, tooth decay, and tooth Increased risk of gum recession, tooth decay, and tooth

lossloss Nausea, vomiting, and diarrheaNausea, vomiting, and diarrhea Increased risk of cancers of the stomach and pancreasIncreased risk of cancers of the stomach and pancreas

Risks Continued…Risks Continued…

Cardiovascular systemCardiovascular system Increased heart rate and blood pressureIncreased heart rate and blood pressure Hardened arteries and decreased blood Hardened arteries and decreased blood

flowflow Increased risk of heart attackIncreased risk of heart attack

Excretory systemExcretory system Increased risk of cancer of the bladderIncreased risk of cancer of the bladder Increased risk of cancer of the kidneysIncreased risk of cancer of the kidneys

Short-Term Effects Short-Term Effects

Changes in brain chemistryChanges in brain chemistry Nicotine causes the body to crave more of Nicotine causes the body to crave more of

the drugthe drug May experience withdrawal symptomsMay experience withdrawal symptoms

Headaches, nervousness, tremblingHeadaches, nervousness, trembling

Increased respiration and heart rateIncreased respiration and heart rate Breathing during PA = more difficultBreathing during PA = more difficult Nicotine may cause an irregular heart beatNicotine may cause an irregular heart beat

Short-Term Effects Continued..Short-Term Effects Continued..

Dulled taste buds and reduced Dulled taste buds and reduced appetite.appetite.

Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes, and Bad breath, smelly hair, clothes, and skin.skin.

Long-Terms EffectsLong-Terms Effects

Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis Damage the cilia in the bronchiDamage the cilia in the bronchi

Leads to buildup of tar in lungsLeads to buildup of tar in lungs Causes chronic coughing and excessive mucus Causes chronic coughing and excessive mucus

secretion.secretion.

EmphysemaEmphysema Disease the destroys tiny air sacs in lungsDisease the destroys tiny air sacs in lungs

Air sacs become less elasticAir sacs become less elastic More difficult for lungs to absorb oxygenMore difficult for lungs to absorb oxygen

A person w/ advanced emphysema uses up to 80% A person w/ advanced emphysema uses up to 80% of his/her energy just to breathe.of his/her energy just to breathe.

Long-Term Effects Long-Term Effects Continued…Continued…

Lung CancerLung Cancer Cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, extra mucus Cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, extra mucus

cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells can grow cannot be expelled. Cancerous cells can grow in these conditions, block the bronchi, and in these conditions, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs.move to the lungs.

Unless detected early, causes death!Unless detected early, causes death!

Coronary heart disease/StrokeCoronary heart disease/Stroke Nicotine constricts blood vesselsNicotine constricts blood vessels

cuts down on circulationcuts down on circulation Nicotine contributes to plaque buildupNicotine contributes to plaque buildup

ArteriosclerosisArteriosclerosis Death from heart disease = 3x greater for Death from heart disease = 3x greater for

smokerssmokers

Other ConsequencesOther Consequences Legal ConsequencesLegal Consequences

Selling to person under 18 is illegal in ALL statesSelling to person under 18 is illegal in ALL states Schools prohibit use of tobacco productsSchools prohibit use of tobacco products

Student may be suspended/expelled Student may be suspended/expelled

Social ConsequencesSocial Consequences Many people find secondhand smoke and smell offensive.Many people find secondhand smoke and smell offensive.

Tobacco users may be excluded from gatheringsTobacco users may be excluded from gatherings Bad breath, yellowed teeth, & stained fingers may damage Bad breath, yellowed teeth, & stained fingers may damage

one’s social lifeone’s social life

Financial ConsequencesFinancial Consequences Pack-a-day smoker spends more that $2,000.00 each year.Pack-a-day smoker spends more that $2,000.00 each year. Total economic cost of tobacco use to taxpayers in the USTotal economic cost of tobacco use to taxpayers in the US

$97 billion/year (including medical costs)$97 billion/year (including medical costs) 2005 information2005 information

Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions

What is nicotine? Why is it harmful?What is nicotine? Why is it harmful? Nicotine is the addictive drug found in Nicotine is the addictive drug found in

tobacco leaves. It is addictive, and it tobacco leaves. It is addictive, and it contributes to heart disease and stroke.contributes to heart disease and stroke.

Explain why cigarette smoke is toxic.Explain why cigarette smoke is toxic. It contains the poisons found in It contains the poisons found in

products such as paint, rat poison, toilet products such as paint, rat poison, toilet cleaner.cleaner.