GEO-CAPE Overview

Antonio ManninoOcean Ecology Laboratory

NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterMaryland - USA

Geostationary Coastal & Air Pollution Events

AcknowledgmentsGEO-CAPE Oceans SWG

Zia Ahmad, Dirk Aurin, Stan Hooker, John Morrow

Atmosphere Science Working GroupDaniel Jacob, Harvard UniversityDavid Edwards, NCARJay Al-Saadi, NASA HQLaura Iraci, NASA ARC

Bryan Bloomer, EPAGreg Carmichael, University IowaKelly Chance, Harvard SmithsonianBob Chatfield, NASA ARCMian Chin, NASA GSFCRon Cohen, UC BerkeleyJim Crawford, NASA LaRCAnnmarie Eldering, NASA JPLJack Fishman, U St. LouisScott Janz, NASA GSFCRandy Kawa, NASA GSFCShobha Kondragunta, NOAA NESDISXiong Liu, Harvard SmithsonianDoreen Neil, NASA LaRCJessica Neu, NASA JPLMike Newchurch, U. Alabama HuntsvilleKen Pickering, NASA GSFCBrad Pierce, NOAA NESDISJose Rodriguez, NASA GSFCStan Sander, NASA JPLRich Scheffe, EPAJim Szykman, EPAOmar Torres, Hampton UniversityJun Wang, University Nebraska Chris Sioris, Environment Canada

Ocean Science Working GroupAntonio Mannino, NASA GSFCJoe Salisbury, U New HampshirePaula Bontempi, NASA HQLaura Iraci, NASA ARC

Bob Arnone, NRLBarney Balch, Bigelow LaboratoryFrancisco Chavez, MBARIPaula Coble, U South FloridaCurt Davis, Oregon State UCarlos Del Castillo, Johns Hopkins UPaul DiGiacomo, NOAAJoachim Goes, LDEO/Columbia UJay Herman, U Maryland Chuanmin Hu, U South FloridaCarolyn Jordan, U New HampshireZhongping Lee, U Mass BostonSteve Lohrenz, U Mass DartmouthChuck McClain, NASA GSFCRick Miller, ECURu Morrison, NERACOOS Colleen Mouw, U Wisconsin Frank Muller-Karger, U South FloridaChris Osburn, NCSUBlake Schaeffer, EPA Heidi Sosik, WHOIRick Stumpf, NOAAAjit Subramaniam, Columbia UGerardo Toro-Farmer, U South FloridaOmar Torres, NASA GSFCMaria Tzortziou, U MarylandMenghua Wang, NOAA

Mission Design Coordination GroupJay Al-Saadi, NASA HQPaula Bontempi, NASA HQBetsy Edwards, NASA HQLaura Iraci, NASA ARC

Kate Hartman, NASA GSFCRichard Key, NASA JPLDoreen Neil, NASA LaRC

Angela Mason, NASA ESMPOKaren Moe, NASA ESTO

Joe Salisbury, U New HampshireAntonio Mannino, NASA GSFC

Personnel involved in GEO-CAPE

• Mission provides high temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution observations that will resolve the diurnal evolution of North and South America• Coastal ocean ecology, biogeochemistry, water quality, event

scale and sub-mesoscale biological/biogeochemical processes.• atmospheric composition (descoped to only North America)

Background

http://geo-cape.larc.nasa.gov

• Mission provides high temporal, spatial, and spectral resolution observations that will resolve the diurnal evolution of North and South America• Coastal ocean ecology, biogeochemistry, water quality, event

scale and sub-mesoscale biological/biogeochemical processes.• atmospheric composition (descoped to only North America)

• Multiple Instruments (TBD) – selection by open competition• UV-VIS-NIR hyperspectral sensor plus SWIR bands with high

spatial resolution (250 to 375 m) – Ocean Color • UV-VIS hyperspectral sensor with coarser resolution (2 to 7 km)

for atmospheric trace gas composition and aerosols• IR gas correlation sensor (for CO)• Thermal Infrared sensor

Pre-phase A formulation (science & engineering studies)

Background

http://geo-cape.larc.nasa.gov

• Develop and justify Science Traceability Matrix and applications traceability matrix for GEO-CAPE coastal ocean mission.

• Improve our understanding of the science and applications enabled by GEO-CAPE such as short-term dynamics of coastal biogeochemical properties.

• Establish technology readiness for geostationary ocean color measurements and data processing.

Objectives of Oceans SWG

http://geo-cape.larc.nasa.gov

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Short-Term Processes

Land-Ocean Exchange

Impacts of Climate Change & Human Activity

Impacts of Airborne-Derived Fluxes

Episodic Events & Hazards

1.How do short-term coastal and open ocean processes interact with and influence larger scale physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics?

2.How are variations in exchanges across the land-ocean interface related to changes within the watershed, and how do such exchanges influence coastal and open ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics?

• How are the productivity and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems changing, and how do these changes relate to natural and anthropogenic forcing, including local to regional impacts of climate variability?

• How do airborne-derived fluxes from precipitation, fog and episodic events such as fires, dust storms & volcanoes significantly affect the ecology and biogeochemistry of coastal and open ocean ecosystems?

• How do episodic hazards, contaminant loadings, and alterations of habitats impact the biology and ecology of the coastal zone?

GEO-CAPE Ocean Science Questions

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Short-Term Processes

Land-Ocean Exchange

Impacts of Climate Change & Human Activity

Impacts of Airborne-Derived Fluxes

Episodic Events & Hazards

1.How do short-term coastal and open ocean processes interact with and influence larger scale physical, biogeochemical and ecosystem dynamics?

2.How are variations in exchanges across the land-ocean interface related to changes within the watershed, and how do such exchanges influence coastal and open ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystem dynamics?

• How are the productivity and biodiversity of coastal ecosystems changing, and how do these changes relate to natural and anthropogenic forcing, including local to regional impacts of climate variability?

• How do airborne-derived fluxes from precipitation, fog and episodic events such as fires, dust storms & volcanoes significantly affect the ecology and biogeochemistry of coastal and open ocean ecosystems?

• How do episodic hazards, contaminant loadings, and alterations of habitats impact the biology and ecology of the coastal zone?

GEO-CAPE Ocean Science Questions

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ApproachGEO-CAPE will observe coastal regions at sufficient temporal and spatial scales to resolve near-shore processes, tides, coastal fronts, and eddies, and track carbon pools and pollutants. Two modes of operation: 1. survey mode for evaluation of diurnal to interannual

variability of constituents, rate measurements and hazards ...• U.S. coastal waters• Regions of special interest• All other coastal waters from ~60°N to 60°S

2. targeted, high-frequency sampling for observing episodic events (and support for coastal and deep ocean cruises) ... 10

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ApproachGEO-CAPE will observe coastal regions at sufficient temporal and spatial scales to resolve near-shore processes, tides, coastal fronts, and eddies, and track carbon pools and pollutants. Two modes of operation: 1. survey mode for evaluation of diurnal to interannual

variability of constituents, rate measurements and hazards ...• U.S. coastal waters• Regions of special interest• All other coastal waters from ~60°N to 60°S

2. targeted, high-frequency sampling for observing episodic events (and support for coastal and deep ocean cruises) ... 11

Mission Critical Products (drive requirements; heritage algorithms)• Spectral remote sensing reflectance - Rrs• Chlorophyll-a, Primary Productivity• Particulate Organic Carbon, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Particulate Inorganic Carbon

(coccolithophore blooms)• Total Suspended Matter• Absorption coefficients of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter, Particles &

Phytoplankton; Particle backscatter coefficient• Water clarity (kd[490nm]; euphotic depth) • Photosynthetically Available Radiation• Fluorescence Line Height, Phytoplankton Carbon• Functional/taxonomic group distributions• Harmful Algal Bloom detection & magnitude• Aerosols, NO2 & other products for atmospheric corrections

Highly Desirable Products (experimental products)• Particle size distributions & composition, other plant pigments, phytoplankton

physiological properties, vertical migration detection• Net Community Production, Export Production, Respiration, Photooxidation• Air Sea CO2 fluxes, pCO2(aq)• Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon• Petroleum detection and thickness

Ocean Color & Related Products

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Mission Critical Products (drive requirements; heritage algorithms)• Spectral remote sensing reflectance - Rrs• Chlorophyll-a, Primary Productivity• Particulate Organic Carbon, Dissolved Organic Carbon, Particulate Inorganic Carbon

(coccolithophore blooms)• Total Suspended Matter• Absorption coefficients of Colored Dissolved Organic Matter, Particles &

Phytoplankton; Particle backscatter coefficient• Water clarity (kd[490nm]; euphotic depth) • Photosynthetically Available Radiation• Fluorescence Line Height, Phytoplankton Carbon• Functional/taxonomic group distributions• Harmful Algal Bloom detection & magnitude• Aerosols, NO2 & other products for atmospheric corrections

Highly Desirable Products (experimental products)• Particle size distributions & composition, other plant pigments, phytoplankton

physiological properties, vertical migration detection• Net Community Production, Export Production, Respiration, Photooxidation• Air Sea CO2 fluxes, pCO2(aq)• Terrigenous Dissolved Organic Carbon• Petroleum detection and thickness

Ocean Color & Related Products

Coastal Applications & Societal Benefits

• Detection and tracking of hazards (HABs, oil spills, etc.)• Post-storm Assessments (e.g., flood detection)• Water Quality / Ecosystem Health• Water clarity forecasting • Link data to models and decision-support tools and

processes (e.g., predict hypoxic regions, fisheries management, ocean acidification)

• Sediment transport (navigation)

MODIS image

• Assessment of climate variability and change

EPA & NOAA contributing list of requirements for application of GEO-CAPE

Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill April 2010

Geostationary view from 95°W67° sensor view angle

500 km coast width

375 km coast width

• Within AMF ≤ 5, where atmospheric correction is feasible, coverage extends to ~60º latitude in summer and ~50º in winter and from ~30ºW to ~155º W (at equator).

~36,000 km altitude

D. Aurin & A. Mannino

Measurement & Instrument RequirementsThreshold (minimum) Baseline (goal)

Temporal ResolutionTargeted Events 1 hour 0.5 hourSurvey Coastal U.S. <3 hours 0.5 hourRegion of Special Interest (RSI) ≥1 RSI at 3 scans/day multiple RSIOther Coastal & Inland waters ≥4 times/year ≤3 hours

Spatial Resolution (nadir)# 375 m x 375 m 250 m x 250 mField of Regard for OC retrievals ~60°N to 60°S; ~155°W to 35°W same as thresholdCoastal Coverage (coast to ocean) 375 km 500 kmSpectral Range# 345-1050 nm;

2 SWIR bands 1245 and 1640 nm340-1100 nm; 3 SWIR bands

1245, 1640, 2135 nm

Spectral Sampling & Resolution#

UV-VIS-NIR: ≤2 & ≤5 nm; 400-450nm: ≤0.4 (NO2); SWIR: ≤20-40 nm

UV-VIS-NIR: ≤0.25 nm &≤0.75 nm; SWIR: ≤20-50 nm

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)for Ltyp at 70° SZA

1000:1 for 350-800 nm (10nm FWHM);600:1 for NIR (40nm FWHM);

250:1 & 180:1 for 1245 & 1640 nm (20 & 40nm FWHM); ≥500:1 NO2

1500:1 (350-800 nm); 100:1 for 2135nm (50nm FWHM); NIR,

SWIR and NO2 same as threshold

Field of Regard Full disk: 20.8° E-W and 19° N-S same as threshold

Pointing Knowledge# <50% of pixel size during single exposure within 10% of pixel size

Pointing Stability# <50% of pixel size during single exposure within 10% of pixel sizeDetector Sensitivity & Saturation High sensitivity but non-saturation same as thresholdOnboard Calibration Lunar monthly Lunar monthly; Solar dailyLifetime Design 3 years 5 years

# Requirements pending further review

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Measurement & Instrument RequirementsThreshold (minimum) Baseline (goal)

Temporal ResolutionTargeted Events 1 hour 0.5 hourSurvey Coastal U.S. <3 hours 0.5 hourRegion of Special Interest (RSI) ≥1 RSI at 3 scans/day multiple RSIOther Coastal & Inland waters ≥4 times/year ≤3 hours

Spatial Resolution (nadir)# 375 m x 375 m 250 m x 250 mField of Regard for OC retrievals ~60°N to 60°S; ~155°W to 35°W same as thresholdCoastal Coverage (coast to ocean) 375 km 500 kmSpectral Range# 345-1050 nm;

2 SWIR bands 1245 and 1640 nm340-1100 nm; 3 SWIR bands

1245, 1640, 2135 nm

Spectral Sampling & Resolution#

UV-VIS-NIR: ≤2 & ≤5 nm; 400-450nm: ≤0.4 (NO2); SWIR: ≤20-40 nm

UV-VIS-NIR: ≤0.25 nm &≤0.75 nm; SWIR: ≤20-50 nm

Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)for Ltyp at 70° SZA

1000:1 for 350-800 nm (10nm FWHM);600:1 for NIR (40nm FWHM);

250:1 & 180:1 for 1245 & 1640 nm (20 & 40nm FWHM); ≥500:1 NO2

1500:1 (350-800 nm); 100:1 for 2135nm (50nm FWHM); NIR,

SWIR and NO2 same as threshold

Field of Regard Full disk: 20.8° E-W and 19° N-S same as threshold

Pointing Knowledge# <50% of pixel size during single exposure within 10% of pixel size

Pointing Stability# <50% of pixel size during single exposure within 10% of pixel sizeDetector Sensitivity & Saturation High sensitivity but non-saturation same as thresholdOnboard Calibration Lunar monthly Lunar monthly; Solar dailyLifetime Design 3 years 5 years

# Requirements pending further review

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Future Plans• Continue refinement of sensor requirements with consideration to

optimizing science and technology readiness while minimizing cost• Publish white paper as NASA TM describing and justifying science

& requirements (mid-2012); Oceanography article to follow• Fall 2012 or Spring 2013 community workshop• Continue instrument, pointing line-of-sight & mission design studies

(GOCI experience very useful)• Contribute to international geostationary ocean color missions &

build international cooperation for geostationary and low-earth-orbit constellation• KOSC/KORDI, ESA, ISRO, JAXA, nations of North & South

America, etc.• Collaboration with GOCI and GOCI-2 Teams

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Future Plans• Decision on hosted payload versus dedicated NASA launch in 2013• Planning Mission Confirmation Review for summer 2013

• GEO-CAPE is presently planned for launch no earlier than 2021, but team is developing hosted payload concepts that could enable earlier launch

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More InformationOverview article – Bull. Amererican Meteorological

Soc.