76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal...
Transcript of 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal...
![Page 1: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
76. Benign mesenchymal
tumours
77. Malignant
mesenchymal tumours Anna Szilasi DVM
2019
![Page 2: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Tissue origin
Most neoplasms originate from one cell type
Mesenchymal
Epithelial
Nomenclature usually refers to the origin
Identifiable with hematoxylin&eosin routine staining
Immunohistochemistry (IHC): role in exact diagnosis
Based on antigen-antibody reaction
Molecular pathologic method
Binds to structural or functional proteins, glycoproteins, or to polysaccharids,
lipids in the extracellular matrix
Diagnosis and/or prognosis
![Page 3: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Mesenchymal tumours
1. Connective tissue
2. Muscular tissue (topic 78)
3. Vascular tissue (topic 81)
4. Hemolymphatic tissue (topic 82)
![Page 4: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
1. Benign tumours of the connective tissue
Fibroma (collagen fibres)
Myxoma (embryonic)
Lipoma (adipose tissue)
Chondroma (cartilage)
Osteoma (bone)
Osteochondroma
![Page 5: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fibroma
Tumour of fibroblasts
Durum („firm”) és molle („soft”) type
Frequently mixed with other tissue types (leiomyofibroma, fibroadenoma,
fibromyxoma, etc.)
Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity
(formerly epulis)
Neoplasm of periodontal ligament
![Page 6: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fibroblasts
Intratumoral vessel
Collagen fibres
![Page 7: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
POF
![Page 8: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Equine sarcoid
• Non-productive bovine
papillomavirus-1 and -2 infection
• Most frequent tumour of horses
• Semimalignant tumour
• Feline sarcoid looks also like this
![Page 9: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Myxoma
Gelatinous connective tissue, fibroblast origin
Mucin-rich stroma
Differential: edematous fibroma
Rare type (older dogs, cats)
Mostly in subcutis
![Page 10: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Lipoma
Benign tumour of adipocytes
Very high incidence (especially dogs)
Predisposition: bitch, castrated Siamese cat
Rarely: fibrolipoma, angiolipoma
Rarely: infiltrative lipoma (semimalignant)
Horse: mesenterial lipoma (pedunculated!)
![Page 11: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Chondroma
Benign tumour of cartilage
Mostly hyalin cartilage
Primery bone origin
Enchondroma (medullary cavity)
Ecchondroma (other locations in skeletal system – mostly plain bones)
In older dogs and sheep
Slow growth, can cause bone deformity
Often a component in canine benign mixed mammary gland
tumour (extraskeletal chondroma)
![Page 12: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Osteoma
Neoplasm of bony tissue (compact or trabecular)
Usually soliter, affects the bones of head
Differential: reactive ossification (callus) after trauma (+
osteophyte, exostosis, enostosis, osteosclerosis, metaplasia,
osteochondroma)
Ossifying fibroma: affects horses’ jaw
Often a component in canine benign mixed
mammary gland tumour (extraskeletal osteoma)
![Page 14: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Osteochondroma
Bony proliferation capped with cartilage, endochondral
ossification in the bone
Usually soliter, sometimes multiplex (osteochondromatosis)
Tumour or dysplasia (mostly originates from epiphyseal
layer)?
Young dogs, horses
Cat: osteochondromatosis
FeLV, FeSV role?
Differs from dogs’ and horses’ disease
Progressive growth, different localisation
![Page 15: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
2. Malignant tumours of connective tissue
Differentiated soft tissue sarcomas
Fibrosarcoma (collagen fibres)
Myxosarcoma (embryonic)
Liposarcoma (adipose tissue)
Chondrosarcoma (cartilage)
Osteosarcoma (bone)
Less differentiated/anaplastic sarcomas
![Page 16: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fibrosarcoma
![Page 17: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS)
![Page 18: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Myxosarcoma
![Page 19: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Liposarcoma
![Page 20: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Chondrosarcoma
![Page 21: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Osteosarcoma
Central (productive or non-productive)
Periferal (periosteal or parosteal)
![Page 22: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Anaplastic sarcomas
Pleomorph sarcoma = anaplastic sarcoma = malignant fibrous
histiocytoma
Divergent group
Primitive myofibroblast origin?
Most frequent in dogs
Golden retriever, rottweiler
Giant cell type also exists
![Page 23: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
78. Melanocytic tumors, the
important tumors of nervous
tissue. Mixed tumors
![Page 24: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Melanocytic tumours
Melanoblast, melanocyte origin (neuroectodermal)
Skin, hair follicle are the anatomic locations (basal layer of
epidermis)
Pigment in melanosomes
Melanocytoma (benign tumour)
Melanoma (malignant, however the name does not show
this)
![Page 25: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Melanocytoma
Epidermal, dermal or adnexal
Mostly affects dogs (vizsla!), horses (Arabian)
Aged animals
![Page 26: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Melanoma
Malignant, agressive neoplasm
Mucocutaneous junction!!, oral cavity
Rarely (10%) on hairy skin (head, scrotum)
Mostly in dogs
Very pigmented amelanotic (grade!)
![Page 27: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Benign muscular tumours
Rhabdomyoma
Leiomyoma
Cardial rhabdomyoma
![Page 28: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Rhabdomyoma
Extremely rare (also is human)
Rhabdomyoblast origin (skeletal muscle)
Larynx!
![Page 29: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Leiomyoma Much more often
Tumour of smooth muscle tissue
Dog: vagina, GI tract
Leiomyofibroma occurs (frequent)
GIST
![Page 30: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Cardial rhabdomyoma
Mostly in pigs
![Page 31: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Malignant muscular tumours
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Cardial rhabdomyosarcoma
![Page 32: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Rhabdomyosarcoma
![Page 33: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Leiomyosarcoma
![Page 34: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Cardial rhabdomyosarcoma
![Page 35: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Tumours of nervous tissue
Neoplasms affecting older animals, therefore mostly occurs in
dogs and cats
Can be in central (CNS) and periferal (PNS) nervous system
Very tight connection between pathology and clinical history
![Page 36: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Primery CNS tumours
Astrocytoma
Oligodendroglioma
Oligoastrocytoma
Ependymal and choroid plexus tumours
Medulloblastoma
Neuroblastoma
Meningioma
![Page 38: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Astrocytoma
Subgroup of gliomas
Divergent group, many histotypes (diffuse or well-circumscribed)
15% of all CNS tumours
Mostly in dogs, brachycephalic breeds (sporadic in other species)
![Page 39: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Oligodendroglioma
Oligodendrocytic origin
Well-circumscribed, but infiltrative tumour
Mostly in dogs, brachycephalic breeds (sporadic in other
species)
Mostly in frontal regions of hemispheres
Often gelatinous macroscopically
![Page 40: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Oligoastrocytoma
Diffusely infiltrative type of glioma
Carries characteristics of astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma
![Page 41: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Medulloblastoma
Primitive neuroectodermal tumour
Affects the cerebellum
In older dogs and cats
![Page 42: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Meningioma
Originates from meningeal cells
Most frequent primery CNS tumour in dogs (45%) and cats (60%)
Boxer, golden retriever!
Usually soliter, well-circumscribed
Also in spinal cord, intradural (C, L-S)
![Page 43: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Primery PNS tumours
Schwannoma (benign [periferal] nerve sheath tumour)
Neurofibroma
(Perineurioma) – very rare!
Malignant (periferal) nerve sheath tumour
![Page 44: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Mixed tumours
Composed by more cell types
Pluripotent or totipotent stem cells
Goes through on divergent differentiation
Canine mammary gland: benign mixed tumour
neoplastic epithelial component:
• glandular, tubular: luminal epithelial cells
+myoepithelium
+mesenchymal elements: cartilage, bone, adipose tissue, etc.
Teratoma and teratocarcinoma: from totipotent stem cells (normally in
testicle, ovary, sequestred mesodermal embryonic remnants) →
both ecto-, meso- and endodermal components in the tumour (mature or
immature cells)
![Page 45: 76. Benign mesenchymal tumours 77. Malignant mesenchymal ... · fibromyxoma, etc.) Periferal odontogenic fibroma [POF] is frequent in dog’s oral cavity (formerly epulis) Neoplasm](https://reader030.fdocuments.in/reader030/viewer/2022040523/5e857c43a744743bc6132e0c/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Thank you for the attention